Wiki source code of Armbian OS instruction

Version 97.1 by Kilight Cao on 2023/05/08 15:58

version	line-number	content
15.1	1	Table of Contents：
	2
	3	{{toc/}}
	4
1.1	5
50.1	6
	7
48.2	8	= 1. Overview =
	9
	10
1.1	11	This is a general instruction for the use of Armbian base OS of Dragino devices. Current models include:
	12
	13	* HP0A
	14	* HP0C
	15	* LPS8v2
55.1	16	* MS20
1.1	17
90.3	18	(% style="display:none" %)
90.2	19
	20
48.2	21	= 2. Development Guide =
	22
	23
70.4	24	For advanced users to develop Driver/ Linux etc.
4.1	25
25.1	26
48.2	27	== 2.1 How to recompile LoRaWAN Concentrator Driver ( dragino-fwd package). ==
4.1	28
	29
48.3	30	=== (% style="color:blue" %)Step 1. Clone dragino-fwd package(%%) ===
4.1	31
30.1	32
70.4	33	Requirements:
48.3	34
70.4	35	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)sudo apt install -y libsqlite3-dev(%%)
30.1	36
70.4	37	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)sudo apt install -y libftdi1-dev(%%)
11.1	38
48.3	39
70.4	40	Run command clone dragino-fwd package: (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)git clone https:~/~/github.com/dragino/dragino_fwd_src.git(%%)
11.1	41
70.4	42
11.1	43	[[image:image-20220527151010-1.png]]
	44
	45
48.3	46	=== (% style="color:blue" %)Step 2. Compile dragino_fwd(%%) ===
48.1	47
11.1	48
70.4	49	After cloning is complete, Run the command starts compiling:
48.3	50
70.5	51	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)Compile HP0C/HP0A fwd: ./hp0z-make-deb.sh c
70.4	52
70.5	53
11.1	54	The following example compilers HP0C fwd.
	55
	56	[[image:image-20220527153913-3.png]]
	57
	58
	59
70.5	60	When the compilation is complete a** (% style="color:blue" %)draginofwd-.deb(%%) *package is generated.
	61
11.1	62	[[image:image-20220527154311-4.png\|\|height="385" width="773"]]
	63
25.1	64
48.3	65	=== (% style="color:blue" %)Step 3. Install the dragino_fwd(%%) ===
11.1	66
14.1	67
70.4	68	Run command:
11.1	69
70.5	70	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)*dpkg -i draginofwd-.deb **
11.1	71
70.4	72
11.1	73	[[image:image-20220527154811-5.png]]
	74
	75
48.3	76	=== (% style="color:blue" %)Step 4. Test(%%) ===
14.1	77
48.3	78
70.5	79	Check the dragino_fwd log:
11.1	80
70.5	81	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)journalctl -u draginofwd -f
11.1	82
70.4	83
13.1	84	[[image:image-20220527165221-7.png\|\|height="182" width="931"]]
11.1	85
48.3	86
70.5	87	Start/stop dragino_fwd via systemctl:
11.1	88
70.5	89	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)systemctl start draginofwd
13.1	90
70.5	91	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)systemctl stop draginofwd
46.1	92
13.1	93
48.3	94	== 2.2 How to clone Complete OS on the EMMC to SD card ==
27.1	95
57.1	96	== 2.3 How to flash SD card to (eMMC) device's built-in Memory ==
48.3	97
67.2	98	=== 2.3.1 Prepare an SD card with OS ===
57.1	99
67.2	100
70.5	101	(% style="background-color:yellow" %)//Preparations://
51.1	102
97.1	103	//1. Prepare an SD card and a card reader device//
51.1	104
97.1	105	//2. Formatting the SD card (Make sure the SD card is empty)//
51.1	106
75.1	107	3. //Download the OS image from the [[release.image>>url:http://repo.dragino.com/release/hp0c-image/]]: ( File format dragino-lps8v2-1.7.img )//
51.1	108
61.1	109	4. //A Flash software tool ( Such as v1.7.9 from [[balenaEtcher>>url:https://www.balena.io/etcher/]] )//
51.1	110
97.1	111	5. //SD Card [[formatter>>url:http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/PanasonicSDFormatter.zip]]//
51.1	112
	113
97.1	114	==== Step 1. Formatting the SD Card ====
	115
	116	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609111027-9.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220609111027-9.png" height="318" width="292"]]
	117
	118
	119	==== Step 2. Select the OS image ====
	120
	121	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104907-8.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220609104907-8.png" height="435" width="689"]]
	122
	123
	124	==== Step 3. Select the target ====
	125
	126	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104637-2.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220609104637-2.png" height="436" width="690"]]
	127
	128	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104701-3.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220609104701-3.png" height="436" width="690"]]
	129
	130
	131	==== Step 4. Flash start ====
	132
	133	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104727-4.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220609104727-4.png" height="435" width="689"]]
	134
	135	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0D/WebHome/image-20220609104741-5.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220609104741-5.png" height="434" width="687"]]
	136
	137
	138
67.2	139	=== 2.3.2 Flash SD card to device's eMMC ===
	140
	141
57.1	142	//1. Open the device's enclosure, and put the SD card into the SD card slot//
51.1	143
97.1	144	//2. After the device is powered on, use the serial port or gateway ip address to access the CLI of the gateway.//
51.1	145
57.1	146	//3. Login and run the below command to flash.//
	147
	148
97.1	149	//The following are two methods for accessing the gateway CLI~://
	150
	151
	152	Method1. Use the serial port USB to access the gateway CLI
	153
	154	//For more information about how to access gateway using serial USB, see this link~://
	155
	156	[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H6.HowuserscanaccessLPS8-V2usingserialUSB>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/HP0C/#H6.HowuserscanaccessLPS8-V2usingserialUSB]]
	157
	158
	159	Method2. Use the IP address to access the gateway CLI
	160
	161	//Users can access the gateway CLI via the SSH protocol. Make sure your PC and the gateway are connected to the same network, then use a SSH tool (such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]] in Windows) to access it.//
	162
	163
	164	IP address: IP address of gateway or Fallback IP(172.31.255.254)
	165
	166	Port: 22
	167
	168	User Name: (% style="color:blue" %)root
	169
	170	Password: (% style="color:blue" %)dragino(%%) (default)
	171
	172	//After logging in, you will be in the gateway CLI and can enter commands as shown below.//
	173
	174
	175	[[image:image-20230508155357-1.png\|\|height="225" width="634"]]
	176
	177
70.4	178	Run command:
27.1	179
70.6	180	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)nand-sata-install
27.1	181
70.4	182
27.1	183	[[image:image-20220602112051-1.png]]
	184
28.1	185
27.1	186
70.7	187	Select the (% style="color:red" %)"Boot from eMMC - system on eMMC".
	188
27.1	189	[[image:image-20220602112058-2.png\|\|height="292" width="646"]]
	190
72.2	191
27.1	192	[[image:image-20220602112106-3.png\|\|height="301" width="643"]]
	193
	194
72.2	195
70.7	196	Select the (% style="color:red" %)"1 ext4"
27.1	197
	198	[[image:image-20220602112113-4.png\|\|height="271" width="642"]]
	199
	200
70.7	201
27.1	202	It takes 4-5 minutes to burn from SD card to eMMC
	203
	204	[[image:image-20220602112119-5.png\|\|height="309" width="641"]]
	205
72.2	206
27.1	207	[[image:image-20220602112125-6.png\|\|height="281" width="640"]]
	208
72.2	209
27.1	210	[[image:image-20220602112131-7.png\|\|height="241" width="638"]]
	211
	212
	213	(% style="color:red" %)Note: After the flash is complete, power off the device and then remove the SD card.
	214
28.1	215
72.1	216	== 2.4 Default Built Version ==
67.2	217
72.2	218
72.1	219	[[image:image-20220902155621-1.png]]
	220
	221
84.2	222	== 2.5 How to upgrade the nodejs version to the latest. ==
72.1	223
78.1	224
	225	By default, the nodejs uses the pre-install version v12 which is due to Debian the ultra-stable via ultra-old.
	226
	227	[[image:image-20221112145029-2.png]]
	228
	229	If you want to upgrade the nodejs to the latest, please follow to use these commands on the gateway CIL.
	230
	231
	232	#install n, which is an Interactively Manage Your Node.js Versions
	233
83.1	234	[[image:image-20221112154230-3.png\|\|height="89" width="689"]]
78.1	235
	236	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	237	(((
	238	npm install -g n
	239	)))
	240
	241
	242	#Install the latest LTS Node.js release (downloading if necessary)
	243
83.1	244	[[image:image-20221112154418-4.png\|\|height="184" width="893"]]
	245
78.1	246	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	247	(((
	248	n lts
	249	)))
	250
	251
	252	#Remove all downloaded versions except the installed version
	253
83.1	254	[[image:image-20221112154456-5.png\|\|height="139" width="899"]]
78.1	255
	256	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	257	(((
	258	n prune
	259	)))
	260
	261
	262	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	263	(((
83.1	264	apt remove nodejs -y && apt autoremove -y && reboot
78.1	265	)))
	266
	267
	268	Check the current version
	269
83.1	270	[[image:image-20221112154724-6.png]]
78.1	271
	272	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	273	(((
	274	node -v
	275	)))
	276
	277
84.1	278	== 2.6 How to install Grafana and influxdb ==
	279
	280
	281	=== Grafana: ===
	282
	283
	284	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	285	(((
	286	curl https:~/~/packages.grafana.com/gpg.key \| gpg ~-~-dearmor \| sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/grafana-archive-keyrings.gpg >/dev/null
	287	echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/grafana-archive-keyrings.gpg] https:~/~/packages.grafana.com/oss/deb stable main" \| sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/grafana.list
	288	apt update && apt install grafana
	289	)))
	290
	291
	292	Check the running status:
	293
	294
	295	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	296	(((
	297	systemctl status grafana-server
	298	)))
	299
	300
	301	configuration path:
	302
	303
	304	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	305	(((
	306	/etc/grafana/grafana.ini
	307	)))
	308
	309
	310	=== Influxdb: ===
	311
	312
	313	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	314	(((
	315	curl https:~/~/repos.influxdata.com/influxdb.key \| gpg ~-~-dearmor \| sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/influxdb-archive-keyring.gpg >/dev/null
	316	echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/influxdb-archive-keyring.gpg] https:~/~/repos.influxdata.com/debian $(lsb_release -cs) stable" \| sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/influxdb.list
	317	apt update && apt install influxdb
	318	)))
	319
	320
	321	Check the running status:
	322
	323
	324	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	325	(((
	326	systemctl status influxdb
	327	)))
	328
	329
	330	configuration path:
	331
	332
	333	(% class="box infomessage" %)
	334	(((
	335	/etc/influxdb/influxdb.conf
	336	)))
	337
	338
95.6	339	= 3. Package Management =
	340
95.1	341	== 3.1 Default Package Maintain System ==
	342
95.6	343	=== 3.1.1 How Package-Auto-Update works? ===
95.1	344
	345
67.2	346	By default, LPS8v2 / MS20 series products have an auto-update feature for main packages. The device will connect to Dragino's auto-update server and check for updates.
	347
	348
	349	(% style="color:blue" %)When devices will check for updates?
	350
	351	* Devices will check for updates for every boot.
	352	* Devices will check for updates on every day midnight.
	353
	354	(% style="color:blue" %)What packages will be checked for updates?
	355
	356	dragino-httpd ~-~- Main Web UI http configuration
	357
	358	dragino-sid ~-~- SN write and read tool
	359
	360	dragino-ui ~-~- Gateway Web UI package
	361
	362	draginofwd ~-~- UDP packet forwarder, LoRa Base Station
	363
	364	draginoups ~-~- Miscellaneous between different versions
	365
	366
70.9	367
67.2	368	(% style="color:blue" %)Location and changelog for packages:
	369
	370	* Location: http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/
	371	* Changelog: [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/Readme_HP0.txt>>http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/Readme_HP0.txt]]
	372
	373	(% style="color:blue" %)How to view auto-updated log
	374
	375	You can view the log on the page of (% style="color:#037691" %)System ~-~-> Package Management.
	376
	377
	378	[[image:1661305025451-220.png]]
	379
	380
70.7	381
67.2	382	(% style="color:blue" %)Can I disable package-auto-update?
	383
70.8	384	You can check the checkbox and click the(% style="color:red" %) ‘SAVE’ (%%)button to enable or disable the auto-update.
67.2	385
	386
	387	[[image:1661305258501-636.png]]
	388
	389
95.1	390	=== 3.1.2 How to manually update core packages? ===
67.2	391
	392
70.8	393	You can click the (% style="color:red" %)‘Manual Update’(%%) to update the dragino's packages.
67.2	394
	395
	396	[[image:1661305328295-218.png]]
	397
	398
95.1	399	=== 3.1.3 How to manually update other packages? ===
67.2	400
	401
	402	For the other packages, you have to access the device's CLI to do it via the apt command.
	403
	404
95.1	405	== 3.2 Set up a 3^^rd^^ party package maintain server ==
67.2	406
95.1	407	=== 3.2.1 Overview ===
67.2	408
	409
	410	Customers can use their own package maintenance system instead of using the default one from Dragino. They need to set up a package maintenance system for Debian. Lots of instructions are available in Internet, below is a reference instruction.
	411
	412
95.1	413	=== 3.2.2 Install Apache2 HTTP server ===
67.2	414
	415
70.5	416	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)apt install apache2
67.2	417
	418
95.1	419	=== 3.2.3 Creating Package Directories ===
67.2	420
	421
70.5	422	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cd /var/www/html/(%%)
67.2	423
70.5	424	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)mkdir debian/release/dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/ -p(%%)
67.2	425
70.5	426	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)mkdir debian/release/pool/main/d/dragino/ -p(%%)
67.2	427
	428
	429	Tree Structure:
	430
	431	(% style="color:red" %)Note: If you are not familiar with updating servers, most directory names are not recommended to be changed.
	432
	433
	434	└── debian
	435
	436	└── release
	437
	438	├── dists
	439
	440	│ └── stable
	441
	442	│ └── main
	443
	444	│ └── binary-armhf
	445
	446	└── pool
	447
	448	└── main
	449
	450	└── d
	451
70.5	452	└── dragino ~-~-> (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)This is the directory to store the packages. User can change it to other name.
67.2	453
	454
95.1	455	=== 3.2.4 Get deb packages ===
67.2	456
	457
	458	The deb packages for auto-update can be placed in (% style="color:blue" %)/var/www/html/debian/release/pool/main/d/dragino/(%%)
	459
	460	Below is an example package(testing-0808.deb) for test purpose:
	461
	462
70.5	463	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)wget http:~/~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/unimportant/testing-0808.deb(%%)
67.2	464
70.5	465	~ (% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cp ./testing-0808.deb /var/www/html/debian/release/pool/main/d/dragino/(%%)
67.2	466
	467
95.1	468	=== 3.2.5 Generate Package Index file ===
67.2	469
	470
70.5	471	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cd /var/www/html/debian/release/
67.2	472
70.5	473	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)dpkg-scanpackages pool/ > dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/Packages
67.2	474
70.5	475	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cat dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/Packages \| gzip -9 > dists/stable/main/binary-armhf/Packages.gz
67.2	476
	477
	478	(% style="color:red" %)Note: Every time a package has been update, above comments need to be executed in the server to get the up-to-date package list.
	479
	480
95.1	481	=== 3.2.6 Generate Release file ===
67.2	482
	483
70.10	484	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Create the generated script:(%%) ====
67.2	485
	486
70.5	487	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cd /var/www/html/debian/release/dists/stable
67.2	488
	489
70.5	490	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)wget [[http:~~/~~/repo.dragino.com/release/tool/unimportant/generate-release.sh>>url:http://repo.dragino.com/release/tool/unimportant/generate-release.sh]]
67.2	491
70.5	492	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)chmod + x ./generate-release.sh
67.2	493
70.5	494	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)./generate-release.sh > Release
67.2	495
	496
95.1	497	=== 3.2.7 Sign the Release file with gpg and generating Inrelease file ===
67.2	498
	499
70.7	500	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Make sure auto-update server has gnupg(%%) ====
67.2	501
	502
70.5	503	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)apt install gnupg
68.2	504
	505
	506
70.7	507	==== (% style="color:blue" %)generate gpg key(%%) ====
67.2	508
	509
70.5	510	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)gpg -gen-key
67.2	511
68.2	512
70.10	513	(% style="color:red" %)Note: Fill in the content as required and remember the name and email address.
67.2	514
	515
68.2	516
70.7	517	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Check the gen-key(%%) ====
67.2	518
	519
70.5	520	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)gen -list-key
67.2	521
68.2	522
	523
70.7	524	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Generate the release.gpg(%%) ====
67.2	525
	526
70.5	527	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cd /var/www/html/debian/release/dists/stable
67.2	528
70.5	529	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)gpg ~-~-armor ~-~-detach-sign -o Release.gpg Release
67.2	530
	531
70.5	532	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)gpg ~-~-clearsign -o InRelease Release
67.2	533
	534
68.2	535
70.7	536	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Generate the public key(%%) ====
67.2	537
	538
70.5	539	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)gpg ~-~-armor ~-~-output <name>.asc ~-~-export <email address>
67.2	540
68.2	541
67.2	542	example: gpg ~-~-armor ~-~-output xiao.asc ~-~-export [[xiaoye@dragino.cc>>mailto:xiaoye@dragino.cc]]
	543
	544
	545
95.1	546	=== 3.2.8 Add url as apt source in LPS8v2 / MS20 ===
67.2	547
68.2	548
	549
70.7	550	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Add the public key(%%) ====
67.2	551
	552
70.5	553	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)cp xiao.asc /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/
67.2	554
70.7	555
68.2	556	(% style="color:red" %)Note: First need to transfer the public key from auto-update server to device.
67.2	557
68.2	558
	559
70.7	560	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Add the apt source list(%%) ====
67.2	561
68.2	562
67.2	563	Add the apt source list url and name this as test_server.list
	564
70.5	565	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)echo "deb http:~/~/<IP_address or hostname>/debian/release stable main" \| tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/test_server.list
67.2	566
	567
68.2	568
70.7	569	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Validate the apt repository(%%) ====
67.2	570
68.2	571
67.2	572	Get and install the testing package (download testing-0808.deb and test)
	573
70.5	574	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)apt update && apt install testing
67.2	575
68.2	576
67.2	577	Example output:
	578
68.2	579	[[image:1661306420449-569.png]]
67.2	580
	581
95.1	582	=== 3.2.9 Configure the gateway's auto-upgrade rules ===
67.2	583
	584
70.7	585	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Remove dragino apt source(%%) ====
67.2	586
	587
70.5	588	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)/etc/apt/sources.list
67.2	589
	590
70.2	591	[[image:1661306460134-112.png]]
67.2	592
	593
	594
70.7	595	==== (% style="color:blue" %)Set up automatic updates(%%) ====
67.2	596
	597
70.5	598	(% style="background-color:yellow; color:green" %)Path : /usr/lib/dragino/dragino-apt-updates
67.2	599
70.2	600
67.2	601	The device performs automatic updates from this script,
	602
	603	But it will now only look for dragino as a keyword, so you need to replace the keyword dragino with your own keyword.
	604
	605
70.2	606	[[image:1661306487761-768.png]]
95.2	607
	608
	609

Wiki source code of Armbian OS instruction

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