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Version 29.38 by Xiaoling on 2022/06/02 09:00
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1 (% style="text-align:center" %)
2 [[image:1652947681187-144.png||height="385" width="385"]]
3
4
5
6
7 **RS485-BL – Waterproof RS485 to LoRaWAN Converter User Manual**
8
9
10
11 **Table of Contents:**
12
13 {{toc/}}
14
15
16
17
18
19 = 1.Introduction =
20
21 == 1.1 What is RS485-BL RS485 to LoRaWAN Converter ==
22
23 (((
24
25 )))
26
27 (((
28 The Dragino RS485-BL is a (% style="color:blue" %)**RS485 / UART to LoRaWAN Converter**(%%) for Internet of Things solutions. User can connect RS485 or UART sensor to RS485-BL converter, and configure RS485-BL to periodically read sensor data and upload via LoRaWAN network to IoT server.
29 )))
30
31 (((
32 RS485-BL can interface to RS485 sensor, 3.3v/5v UART sensor or interrupt sensor. RS485-BL provides (% style="color:blue" %)**a 3.3v output**(%%) and** (% style="color:blue" %)a 5v output(%%)** to power external sensors. Both output voltages are controllable to minimize the total system power consumption.
33 )))
34
35 (((
36 RS485-BL is IP67 (% style="color:blue" %)**waterproof**(%%) and powered by (% style="color:blue" %)**8500mAh Li-SOCI2 battery**(%%), it is designed for long term use for several years.
37 )))
38
39 (((
40 RS485-BL runs standard (% style="color:blue" %)**LoRaWAN 1.0.3 in Class A**(%%). It can reach long transfer range and easy to integrate with LoRaWAN compatible gateway and IoT server.
41 )))
42
43 (((
44 For data uplink, RS485-BL sends user-defined commands to RS485 devices and gets the return from the RS485 devices. RS485-BL will process these returns data according to user-define rules to get the final payload and upload to LoRaWAN server.
45 )))
46
47 (((
48 For data downlink, RS485-BL runs in LoRaWAN Class A. When there is downlink commands from LoRaWAN server, RS485-BL will forward the commands from LoRaWAN server to RS485 devices.
49 )))
50
51 (((
52 Each RS485-BL pre-load with a set of unique keys for LoRaWAN registration, register these keys to LoRaWAN server and it will auto connect after power on.
53 )))
54
55 [[image:1652953304999-717.png||height="424" width="733"]]
56
57
58
59 == 1.2 Specifications ==
60
61
62 **Hardware System:**
63
64 * STM32L072CZT6 MCU
65 * SX1276/78 Wireless Chip 
66 * Power Consumption (exclude RS485 device):
67 ** Idle: 6uA@3.3v
68 ** 20dB Transmit: 130mA@3.3v
69
70 **Interface for Model:**
71
72 * 1 x RS485 Interface
73 * 1 x TTL Serial , 3.3v or 5v.
74 * 1 x I2C Interface, 3.3v or 5v.
75 * 1 x one wire interface
76 * 1 x Interrupt Interface
77 * 1 x Controllable 5V output, max
78
79 **LoRa Spec:**
80
81 * Frequency Range:
82 ** Band 1 (HF): 862 ~~ 1020 Mhz
83 ** Band 2 (LF): 410 ~~ 528 Mhz
84 * 168 dB maximum link budget.
85 * +20 dBm - 100 mW constant RF output vs.
86 * Programmable bit rate up to 300 kbps.
87 * High sensitivity: down to -148 dBm.
88 * Bullet-proof front end: IIP3 = -12.5 dBm.
89 * Excellent blocking immunity.
90 * Fully integrated synthesizer with a resolution of 61 Hz.
91 * LoRa modulation.
92 * Built-in bit synchronizer for clock recovery.
93 * Preamble detection.
94 * 127 dB Dynamic Range RSSI.
95 * Automatic RF Sense and CAD with ultra-fast AFC. ​​​
96
97 == 1.3 Features ==
98
99 * LoRaWAN Class A & Class C protocol (default Class A)
100 * Frequency Bands: CN470/EU433/KR920/US915/EU868/AS923/AU915/IN865/RU864
101 * AT Commands to change parameters
102 * Remote configure parameters via LoRaWAN Downlink
103 * Firmware upgradable via program port
104 * Support multiply RS485 devices by flexible rules
105 * Support Modbus protocol
106 * Support Interrupt uplink
107
108 == 1.4 Applications ==
109
110 * Smart Buildings & Home Automation
111 * Logistics and Supply Chain Management
112 * Smart Metering
113 * Smart Agriculture
114 * Smart Cities
115 * Smart Factory
116
117 == 1.5 Firmware Change log ==
118
119 [[RS485-BL Image files – Download link and Change log>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/RS485-BL/Firmware/||style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"]]
120
121
122 == 1.6 Hardware Change log ==
123
124 (((
125
126
127 v1.4
128 )))
129
130 (((
131 ~1. Change Power IC to TPS22916
132 )))
133
134
135 (((
136 v1.3
137 )))
138
139 (((
140 ~1. Change JP3 from KF350-8P to KF350-11P, Add one extra interface for I2C and one extra interface for one-wire
141 )))
142
143
144 (((
145 v1.2
146 )))
147
148 (((
149 Release version ​​​​​
150
151
152 )))
153
154 = 2. Pin mapping and Power ON Device =
155
156 (((
157 The RS485-BL is powered on by 8500mAh battery. To save battery life, RS485-BL is shipped with power off. User can put the jumper to power on RS485-BL.
158 )))
159
160 [[image:1652953055962-143.png||height="387" width="728"]]
161
162
163 The Left TXD and RXD are TTL interface for external sensor. TTL level is controlled by 3.3/5v Jumper.
164
165
166 = 3. Operation Mode =
167
168 == 3.1 How it works? ==
169
170 (((
171 The RS485-BL is configured as LoRaWAN OTAA Class A mode by default. It has OTAA keys to join network. To connect a local LoRaWAN network, user just need to input the OTAA keys in the network server and power on the RS485-BL. It will auto join the network via OTAA.
172
173
174 )))
175
176 == 3.2 Example to join LoRaWAN network ==
177
178 Here shows an example for how to join the TTN V3 Network. Below is the network structure, we use [[LG308>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/140-lg308.html]] as LoRaWAN gateway here. 
179
180 [[image:1652953414711-647.png||height="337" width="723"]]
181
182 (((
183 The RS485-BL in this example connected to two RS485 devices for demonstration, user can connect to other RS485 devices via the same method.
184 )))
185
186 (((
187 The LG308 is already set to connect to [[TTN V3 network >>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]]. So what we need to now is only configure the TTN V3:
188 )))
189
190 (((
191 **Step 1**: Create a device in TTN V3 with the OTAA keys from RS485-BL.
192 )))
193
194 (((
195 Each RS485-BL is shipped with a sticker with unique device EUI:
196 )))
197
198 [[image:1652953462722-299.png]]
199
200 (((
201 User can enter this key in their LoRaWAN Server portal. Below is TTN V3 screen shot:
202 )))
203
204 (((
205 Add APP EUI in the application.
206 )))
207
208
209 [[image:image-20220519174512-1.png]]
210
211 [[image:image-20220519174512-2.png||height="328" width="731"]]
212
213 [[image:image-20220519174512-3.png||height="556" width="724"]]
214
215 [[image:image-20220519174512-4.png]]
216
217 You can also choose to create the device manually.
218
219 [[image:1652953542269-423.png||height="710" width="723"]]
220
221 Add APP KEY and DEV EUI
222
223 [[image:1652953553383-907.png||height="514" width="724"]]
224
225
226 (((
227 **Step 2**: Power on RS485-BL and it will auto join to the TTN V3 network. After join success, it will start to upload message to TTN V3 and user can see in the panel.
228 )))
229
230 [[image:1652953568895-172.png||height="232" width="724"]]
231
232
233 == 3.3 Configure Commands to read data ==
234
235 (((
236 There are plenty of RS485 and TTL level devices in the market and each device has different command to read the valid data. To support these devices in flexible, RS485-BL supports flexible command set. User can use [[AT Commands or LoRaWAN Downlink>>||anchor="H3.5ConfigureRS485-BLviaATorDownlink"]] Command to configure how RS485-BL should read the sensor and how to handle the return from RS485 or TTL sensors.
237
238
239 )))
240
241 === 3.3.1 onfigure UART settings for RS485 or TTL communication ===
242
243 RS485-BL can connect to either RS485 sensors or TTL sensor. User need to specify what type of sensor need to connect.
244
245 **~1. RS485-MODBUS mode:**
246
247 AT+MOD=1 ~/~/ Support RS485-MODBUS type sensors. User can connect multiply RS485 , Modbus sensors to the A / B pins.
248
249 **2. TTL mode:**
250
251 AT+MOD=2 ~/~/ Support TTL Level sensors, User can connect one TTL Sensor to the TXD/RXD/GND pins.
252
253 RS485-BL default UART settings is **9600, no parity, stop bit 1**. If the sensor has a different settings, user can change the RS485-BL setting to match.
254
255 (% border="1" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:795px" %)
256 |(((
257 **AT Commands**
258 )))|(% style="width:285px" %)(((
259 **Description**
260 )))|(% style="width:347px" %)(((
261 **Example**
262 )))
263 |(((
264 AT+BAUDR
265 )))|(% style="width:285px" %)(((
266 Set the baud rate (for RS485 connection). Default Value is: 9600.
267 )))|(% style="width:347px" %)(((
268 (((
269 AT+BAUDR=9600
270 )))
271
272 (((
273 Options: (1200,2400,4800,14400,19200,115200)
274 )))
275 )))
276 |(((
277 AT+PARITY
278 )))|(% style="width:285px" %)(((
279 (((
280 Set UART parity (for RS485 connection)
281 )))
282
283 (((
284 Default Value is: no parity.
285 )))
286 )))|(% style="width:347px" %)(((
287 (((
288 AT+PARITY=0
289 )))
290
291 (((
292 Option: 0: no parity, 1: odd parity, 2: even parity
293 )))
294 )))
295 |(((
296 AT+STOPBIT
297 )))|(% style="width:285px" %)(((
298 (((
299 Set serial stopbit (for RS485 connection)
300 )))
301
302 (((
303 Default Value is: 1bit.
304 )))
305 )))|(% style="width:347px" %)(((
306 (((
307 AT+STOPBIT=0 for 1bit
308 )))
309
310 (((
311 AT+STOPBIT=1 for 1.5 bit
312 )))
313
314 (((
315 AT+STOPBIT=2 for 2 bits
316 )))
317 )))
318
319
320 === 3.3.2 Configure sensors ===
321
322 (((
323 Some sensors might need to configure before normal operation. User can configure such sensor via PC or through RS485-BL AT Commands (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**AT+CFGDEV**.
324 )))
325
326 (((
327 When user issue an (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**AT+CFGDEV**(%%) command, Each (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**AT+CFGDEV**(%%) equals to send a command to the RS485 or TTL sensors. This command will only run when user input it and won’t run during each sampling.
328 )))
329
330 (% border="1" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:806px" %)
331 |**AT Commands**|(% style="width:418px" %)**Description**|(% style="width:256px" %)**Example**
332 |AT+CFGDEV|(% style="width:418px" %)(((
333 This command is used to configure the RS485/TTL devices; they won’t be used during sampling.
334
335 AT+CFGDEV=xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx,
336
337 mm: 0: no CRC, 1: add CRC-16/MODBUS in the end of this command
338 )))|(% style="width:256px" %)AT+CFGDEV=xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx,m
339
340 Detail of AT+CFGDEV command see [[AT+CFGDEV detail>>||anchor="HRS485DebugCommand28AT2BCFGDEV29"]].
341
342
343 === 3.3.3 Configure read commands for each sampling ===
344
345 (((
346 RS485-BL is a battery powered device; it will sleep most of time. And wake up on each period and read RS485 / TTL sensor data and uplink.
347 )))
348
349 (((
350 During each sampling, we need to confirm what commands we need to send to the sensors to read data. After the RS485/TTL sensors send back the value, it normally includes some bytes and we only need a few from them for a shorten payload.
351 )))
352
353 (((
354 To save the LoRaWAN network bandwidth, we might need to read data from different sensors and combine their valid value into a short payload.
355 )))
356
357 (((
358 This section describes how to achieve above goals.
359 )))
360
361 (((
362 During each sampling, the RS485-BL can support 15 commands to read sensors. And combine the return to one or several uplink payloads.
363 )))
364
365 (((
366 **Command from RS485-BL to Sensor:**
367 )))
368
369 (((
370 RS485-BL can send out pre-set max 15 strings via **AT+COMMAD1**, **ATCOMMAND2**,…, to **AT+COMMANDF** . All commands are of same grammar.
371 )))
372
373 (((
374 **Handle return from sensors to RS485-BL**:
375 )))
376
377 (((
378 After RS485-BL send out a string to sensor, RS485-BL will wait for the return from RS485 or TTL sensor. And user can specify how to handle the return, by **AT+DATACUT or AT+SEARCH commands**
379 )))
380
381 * (((
382 **AT+DATACUT**
383 )))
384
385 (((
386 When the return value from sensor have fix length and we know which position the valid value we should get, we can use AT+DATACUT command.
387 )))
388
389 * (((
390 **AT+SEARCH**
391 )))
392
393 (((
394 When the return value from sensor is dynamic length and we are not sure which bytes the valid data is, instead, we know what value the valid value following. We can use AT+SEARCH to search the valid value in the return string.
395 )))
396
397 (((
398 **Define wait timeout:**
399 )))
400
401 (((
402 Some RS485 device might has longer delay on reply, so user can use AT+CMDDL to set the timeout for getting reply after the RS485 command is sent. For example, AT+CMDDL1=1000 to send the open time to 1000ms
403 )))
404
405 (((
406 After we got the valid value from each RS485 commands, we need to combine them together with the command **AT+DATAUP**.
407 )))
408
409 **Examples:**
410
411 Below are examples for the how above AT Commands works.
412
413 **AT+COMMANDx : **This command will be sent to RS485/TTL devices during each sampling, Max command length is 14 bytes. The grammar is:
414
415 (% border="1" class="table-bordered" style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:501px" %)
416 |(% style="width:498px" %)(((
417 **AT+COMMANDx=xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx,m**
418
419 **xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx: The RS485 command to be sent**
420
421 **m: 0: no CRC, 1: add CRC-16/MODBUS in the end of this command**
422 )))
423
424 For example, if we have a RS485 sensor. The command to get sensor value is: 01 03 0B B8 00 02 46 0A. Where 01 03 0B B8 00 02 is the Modbus command to read the register 0B B8 where stored the sensor value. The 46 0A is the CRC-16/MODBUS which calculate manually.
425
426 In the RS485-BL, we should use this command AT+COMMAND1=01 03 0B B8 00 02,1 for the same.
427
428 **AT+SEARCHx**: This command defines how to handle the return from AT+COMMANDx.
429
430 (% border="1" class="table-bordered" style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:580px" %)
431 |(% style="width:577px" %)(((
432 **AT+SEARCHx=aa,xx xx xx xx xx**
433
434 * **aa: 1: prefix match mode; 2: prefix and suffix match mode**
435 * **xx xx xx xx xx: match string. Max 5 bytes for prefix and 5 bytes for suffix**
436 )))
437
438 **Examples:**
439
440 1）For a return string from AT+COMMAND1: 16 0c 1e 56 34 2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30 31 00 49
441
442 If we set AT+SEARCH1=1,1E 56 34.      (max 5 bytes for prefix)
443
444 The valid data will be all bytes after 1E 56 34 , so it is (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30 31 00 49**
445
446 [[image:1653271044481-711.png]]
447
448 2）For a return string from AT+COMMAND1:  16 0c 1e 56 34 2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30 31 00 49
449
450 If we set AT+SEARCH1=2, 1E 56 34+31 00 49
451
452 Device will search the bytes between 1E 56 34 and 31 00 49. So it is(% style="background-color:yellow" %) **2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30**
453
454 [[image:1653271276735-972.png]]
455
456 **AT+DATACUTx : **This command defines how to handle the return from AT+COMMANDx, max return length is 45 bytes.
457
458 (% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:729px" %)
459 |(% style="width:726px" %)(((
460 **AT+DATACUTx=a,b,c**
461
462 * **a: length for the return of AT+COMMAND**
463 * **b:1: grab valid value by byte, max 6 bytes. 2: grab valid value by bytes section, max 3 sections.**
464 * **c: define the position for valid value.  **
465 )))
466
467 **Examples:**
468
469 * Grab bytes:
470
471 [[image:1653271581490-837.png||height="313" width="722"]]
472
473
474 * Grab a section.
475
476 [[image:1653271648378-342.png||height="326" width="720"]]
477
478
479 * Grab different sections.
480
481 [[image:1653271657255-576.png||height="305" width="730"]]
482
483 (((
484 (% style="color:red" %)**Note:**
485 )))
486
487 (((
488 AT+SEARCHx and AT+DATACUTx can be used together, if both commands are set, RS485-BL will first process AT+SEARCHx on the return string and get a temporary string, and then process AT+DATACUTx on this temporary string to get the final payload. In this case, AT+DATACUTx need to set to format AT+DATACUTx=0,xx,xx where the return bytes set to 0.
489 )))
490
491 (((
492 **Example:**
493 )))
494
495 (((
496 (% style="color:red" %)AT+COMMAND1=11 01 1E D0,0
497 )))
498
499 (((
500 (% style="color:red" %)AT+SEARCH1=1,1E 56 34
501 )))
502
503 (((
504 (% style="color:red" %)AT+DATACUT1=0,2,1~~5
505 )))
506
507 (((
508 (% style="color:red" %)Return string from AT+COMMAND1: 16 0c 1e 56 34 2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30 31 00 49
509 )))
510
511 (((
512 (% style="color:red" %)String after SEARCH command: 2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30 31 00 49
513 )))
514
515 (((
516 (% style="color:red" %)Valid payload after DataCUT command: 2e 30 58 5f 36
517 )))
518
519 [[image:1653271763403-806.png]]
520
521
522 === 3.3.4 Compose the uplink payload ===
523
524 (((
525 Through AT+COMMANDx and AT+DATACUTx we got valid value from each RS485 commands, Assume these valid value are RETURN1, RETURN2, .., to RETURNx. The next step is how to compose the LoRa Uplink Payload by these RETURNs. The command is **AT+DATAUP.**
526 )))
527
528 (((
529 (% style="color:#037691" %)**Examples: AT+DATAUP=0**
530 )))
531
532 (((
533 Compose the uplink payload with value returns in sequence and send with (% style="color:red" %)**A SIGNLE UPLINK**.
534 )))
535
536 (((
537 Final Payload is
538 )))
539
540 (((
541 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Battery Info+PAYVER + VALID Value from RETURN1 + Valid Value from RETURN2 + … + RETURNx**
542 )))
543
544 (((
545 Where PAYVER is defined by AT+PAYVER, below is an example screen shot.
546 )))
547
548 [[image:1653272787040-634.png||height="515" width="719"]]
549
550
551
552 (((
553 (% style="color:#037691" %)**Examples: AT+DATAUP=1**
554
555
556 )))
557
558 (((
559 Compose the uplink payload with value returns in sequence and send with (% style="color:red" %)**Multiply UPLINKs**.
560 )))
561
562 (((
563 Final Payload is
564 )))
565
566 (((
567 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Battery Info+PAYVER + PAYLOAD COUNT + PAYLOAD# + DATA**
568 )))
569
570 1. (((
571 Battery Info (2 bytes): Battery voltage
572 )))
573 1. (((
574 PAYVER (1 byte): Defined by AT+PAYVER
575 )))
576 1. (((
577 PAYLOAD COUNT (1 byte): Total how many uplinks of this sampling.
578 )))
579 1. (((
580 PAYLOAD# (1 byte): Number of this uplink. (from 0,1,2,3…,to PAYLOAD COUNT)
581 )))
582 1. (((
583 DATA: Valid value: max 6 bytes(US915 version here, Notice*!) for each uplink so each uplink <= 11 bytes. For the last uplink, DATA will might less than 6 bytes
584 )))
585
586 [[image:1653272817147-600.png||height="437" width="717"]]
587
588 So totally there will be 3 uplinks for this sampling, each uplink includes 6 bytes DATA
589
590
591 DATA1=RETURN1 Valid Value = (% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white" %) 20 20 0a 33 90 41
592
593 DATA2=1^^st^^ ~~ 6^^th^^ byte of Valid value of RETURN10= (% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white" %)02 aa 05 81 0a 20
594
595 DATA3=7^^th^^ ~~ 11^^th^^ bytes of Valid value of RETURN10 =(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white" %) 20 20 20 2d 30
596
597
598 Below are the uplink payloads:
599
600 [[image:1653272901032-107.png]]
601
602
603 (% style="color:red" %)Notice: the Max bytes is according to the max support bytes in different Frequency Bands for lowest SF. As below:
604
605 ~* For AU915/AS923 bands, if UplinkDwell time=0, max 51 bytes for each uplink ( so 51 -5 = 46 max valid date)
606
607 * For AU915/AS923 bands, if UplinkDwell time=1, max 11 bytes for each uplink ( so 11 -5 = 6 max valid date).
608
609 * For US915 band, max 11 bytes for each uplink ( so 11 -5 = 6 max valid date).
610
611 ~* For all other bands: max 51 bytes for each uplink  ( so 51 -5 = 46 max valid date).
612
613
614
615 === 3.3.5 Uplink on demand ===
616
617 (((
618 Except uplink periodically, RS485-BL is able to uplink on demand. The server sends downlink command to RS485-BL and RS485 will uplink data base on the command.
619 )))
620
621 (((
622 Downlink control command:
623 )))
624
625 (((
626 **0x08 command**: Poll an uplink with current command set in RS485-BL.
627 )))
628
629 (((
630 **0xA8 command**: Send a command to RS485-BL and uplink the output from sensors.
631
632
633 )))
634
635 === 3.3.6 Uplink on Interrupt ===
636
637 Put the interrupt sensor between 3.3v_out and GPIO ext.
638
639 [[image:1653273818896-432.png]]
640
641
642 (((
643 AT+INTMOD=0  Disable Interrupt
644 )))
645
646 (((
647 AT+INTMOD=1  Interrupt trigger by rising or falling edge.
648 )))
649
650 (((
651 AT+INTMOD=2  Interrupt trigger by falling edge. ( Default Value)
652 )))
653
654 (((
655 AT+INTMOD=3  Interrupt trigger by rising edge.
656
657
658 )))
659
660 == 3.4 Uplink Payload ==
661
662 (% border="1" style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:850px" %)
663 |**Size(bytes)**|(% style="width:130px" %)**2**|(% style="width:93px" %)**1**|(% style="width:509px" %)**Length depends on the return from the commands**
664 |Value|(% style="width:130px" %)(((
665 (((
666 Battery(mV)
667 )))
668
669 (((
670 &
671 )))
672
673 (((
674 Interrupt _Flag
675 )))
676 )))|(% style="width:93px" %)(((
677 PAYLOAD_VER
678
679
680 )))|(% style="width:509px" %)If the valid payload is too long and exceed the maximum support payload length in server, server will show payload not provided in the LoRaWAN server.
681
682 Below is the decoder for the first 3 bytes. The rest bytes are dynamic depends on different RS485 sensors.
683
684 (((
685 function Decoder(bytes, port) {
686 )))
687
688 (((
689 ~/~/Payload Formats of RS485-BL Deceive
690 )))
691
692 (((
693 return {
694 )))
695
696 (((
697 ~/~/Battery,units:V
698 )))
699
700 (((
701 BatV:((bytes[0]<<8 | bytes[1])&0x7fff)/1000,
702 )))
703
704 (((
705 ~/~/GPIO_EXTI 
706 )))
707
708 (((
709 EXTI_Trigger:(bytes[0] & 0x80)? "TRUE":"FALSE",
710 )))
711
712 (((
713 ~/~/payload of version
714 )))
715
716 (((
717 Pay_ver:bytes[2],
718 )))
719
720 (((
721 };
722 )))
723
724 (((
725 }
726 )))
727
728 (((
729 TTN V3 uplink screen shot.
730 )))
731
732 [[image:1653274001211-372.png||height="192" width="732"]]
733
734 == 3.5 Configure RS485-BL via AT or Downlink ==
735
736 User can configure RS485-BL via [[AT Commands >>path:#_​Using_the_AT]]or LoRaWAN Downlink Commands
737
738 There are two kinds of Commands:
739
740 * **Common Commands**: They should be available for each sensor, such as: change uplink interval, reset device. For firmware v1.3, user can find what common commands it supports: http:~/~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_AT_Commands_and_Downlink_Commands
741
742 * **Sensor Related Commands**: These commands are special designed for RS485-BL.  User can see these commands below:
743
744 1.
745 11.
746 111. Common Commands:
747
748 They should be available for each of Dragino Sensors, such as: change uplink interval, reset device. For firmware v1.3, user can find what common commands it supports: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_AT_Commands_and_Downlink_Commands>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_AT_Commands_and_Downlink_Commands]]
749
750
751 1.
752 11.
753 111. Sensor related commands:
754
755 ==== Choose Device Type (RS485 or TTL) ====
756
757 RS485-BL can connect to either RS485 sensors or TTL sensor. User need to specify what type of sensor need to connect.
758
759 * AT Command
760
761 **AT+MOD=1** ~/~/ Set to support RS485-MODBUS type sensors. User can connect multiply RS485 , Modbus sensors to the A / B pins.
762
763 **AT+MOD=2** ~/~/ Set to support TTL Level sensors, User can connect one TTL Sensor to the TXD/RXD/GND pins.
764
765
766 * Downlink Payload
767
768 **0A aa**     à same as AT+MOD=aa
769
770
771
772 ==== [[RS485 Debug Command>>path:#downlink_A8]] (AT+CFGDEV) ====
773
774 This command is used to configure the RS485 or TTL sensors; they won’t be used during sampling.
775
776 * AT Command
777
778 AT+CFGDEV=xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx,m
779
780 m: 0: no CRC; 1: add CRC-16/MODBUS in the end of this command.
781
782
783
784 * Downlink Payload
785
786 Format: A8 MM NN XX XX XX XX YY
787
788 Where:
789
790 * MM: 1: add CRC-16/MODBUS ; 0: no CRC
791 * NN: The length of RS485 command
792 * XX XX XX XX: RS485 command total NN bytes
793 * YY: How many bytes will be uplink from the return of this RS485 command, if YY=0, RS485-BL will execute the downlink command without uplink; if YY>0, RS485-BL will uplink total YY bytes from the output of this RS485 command
794
795 **Example 1:**
796
797 To connect a Modbus Alarm with below commands.
798
799 * The command to active alarm is: 0A 05 00 04 00 01 4C B0. Where 0A 05 00 04 00 01 is the Modbus command to read the register 00 40 where stored the DI status. The 4C B0 is the CRC-16/MODBUS which calculate manually.
800
801 * The command to deactivate alarm is: 0A 05 00 04 00 00 8D 70. Where 0A 05 00 04 00 00 is the Modbus command to read the register 00 40 where stored the DI status. The 8D 70 is the CRC-16/MODBUS which calculate manually.
802
803 So if user want to use downlink command to control to RS485 Alarm, he can use:
804
805 **A8 01 06 0A 05 00 04 00 01 00**: to activate the RS485 Alarm
806
807 **A8 01 06 0A 05 00 04 00 00 00**: to deactivate the RS485 Alarm
808
809 A8 is type code and 01 means add CRC-16/MODBUS at the end, the 3^^rd^^ byte is 06, means the next 6 bytes are the command to be sent to the RS485 network, the final byte 00 means this command don’t need to acquire output.
810
811
812 **Example 2:**
813
814 Check TTL Sensor return:
815
816 [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image024.png]]
817
818
819
820
821 ==== Set Payload version ====
822
823 This is the first byte of the uplink payload. RS485-BL can connect to different sensors. User can set the PAYVER field to tell server how to decode the current payload.
824
825 * AT Command:
826
827 AT+PAYVER: Set PAYVER field = 1
828
829
830 * Downlink Payload:
831
832 0xAE 01   à Set PAYVER field =  0x01
833
834 0xAE 0F   à Set PAYVER field =  0x0F
835
836
837 ==== Set RS485 Sampling Commands ====
838
839 AT+COMMANDx, AT+DATACUTx and AT+SEARCHx
840
841 These three commands are used to configure how the RS485-BL polling data from Modbus device. Detail of usage please see : [[polling RS485 device>>path:#polling_485]].
842
843
844 * AT Command:
845
846 AT+COMMANDx: Configure RS485 read command to sensor.
847
848 AT+DATACUTx: Configure how to handle return from RS485 devices.
849
850 AT+SEARCHx: Configure search command
851
852
853 * Downlink Payload:
854
855 0xAF downlink command can be used to set AT+COMMANDx or AT+DATACUTx.
856
857 Note: if user use AT+COMMANDx to add a new command, he also need to send AT+DATACUTx downlink.
858
859 Format: AF MM NN LL XX XX XX XX YY
860
861 Where:
862
863 * MM: the ATCOMMAND or AT+DATACUT to be set. Value from 01 ~~ 0F,
864 * NN: 0: no CRC; 1: add CRC-16/MODBUS ; 2: set the AT+DATACUT value.
865 * LL: The length of AT+COMMAND or AT+DATACUT command
866 * XX XX XX XX: AT+COMMAND or AT+DATACUT command
867 * YY: If YY=0, RS485-BL will execute the downlink command without uplink; if YY=1, RS485-BL will execute an uplink after got this command.
868
869 Example:
870
871 **AF 03 01 06 0A 05 00 04 00 01 00**: Same as AT+COMMAND3=0A 05 00 04 00 01,1
872
873 **AF 03 02 06 10 01 05 06 09 0A 00**: Same as AT+DATACUT3=**16**,**1**,**5+6+9+10**
874
875 **AF 03 02 06 0B 02 05 07 08 0A 00**: Same as AT+DATACUT3=**11**,**2**,**5~~7+8~~10**
876
877
878 0xAB downlink command can be used for set AT+SEARCHx
879
880 Example: **AB aa 01 03 xx xx xx** (03 here means there are total 3 bytes after 03) So
881
882 * AB aa 01 03 xx xx xx  same as AT+SEARCHaa=1,xx xx xx
883 * AB aa 02 03 xx xx xx 02 yy yy(03 means there are 3 bytes after 03, they are xx xx xx;02 means there are 2 bytes after 02, they are yy yy) so the commands
884
885 **AB aa 02 03 xx xx xx 02 yy yy**  same as **AT+SEARCHaa=2,xx xx xx+yy yy**
886
887
888 ==== Fast command to handle MODBUS device ====
889
890 AT+MBFUN is valid since v1.3 firmware version. The command is for fast configure to read Modbus devices. It is only valid for the devices which follow the [[MODBUS-RTU protocol>>url:https://www.modbustools.com/modbus.html]].
891
892 This command is valid since v1.3 firmware version
893
894
895 AT+MBFUN has only two value:
896
897 * AT+MBFUN=1: Enable Modbus reading. And get response base on the MODBUS return
898
899 AT+MBFUN=1, device can auto read the Modbus function code: 01, 02, 03 or 04. AT+MBFUN has lower priority vs AT+DATACUT command. If AT+DATACUT command is configured, AT+MBFUN will be ignore.
900
901 * AT+MBFUN=0: Disable Modbus fast reading.
902
903 Example:
904
905 * AT+MBFUN=1 and AT+DATACUT1/AT+DATACUT2 are not configure (0,0,0).
906 * AT+COMMAND1= 01 03 00 10 00 08,1 ~-~-> read slave address 01 , function code 03, start address 00 01, quantity of registers 00 08.
907 * AT+COMMAND2= 01 02 00 40 00 10,1 ~-~-> read slave address 01 , function code 02, start address 00 40, quantity of inputs 00 10.
908
909 [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image025.png]]
910
911
912 [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image026.png]]
913
914
915 * Downlink Commands:
916
917 A9 aa -à Same as AT+MBFUN=aa
918
919
920 ==== RS485 command timeout ====
921
922 Some Modbus device has slow action to send replies. This command is used to configure the RS485-BL to use longer time to wait for their action.
923
924 Default value: 0, range:  0 ~~ 5 seconds
925
926
927 * AT Command:
928
929 AT+CMDDLaa=hex(bb cc)
930
931 Example:
932
933 **AT+CMDDL1=1000** to send the open time to 1000ms
934
935
936 * Downlink Payload:
937
938 0x AA aa bb cc
939
940 Same as: AT+CMDDLaa=hex(bb cc)
941
942 Example:
943
944 0xAA 01 03 E8  à Same as **AT+CMDDL1=1000 ms**
945
946
947 ==== [[Uplink>>path:#downlink_A8]] payload mode ====
948
949 Define to use one uplink or multiple uplinks for the sampling.
950
951 The use of this command please see: [[Compose Uplink payload>>path:#DataUP]]
952
953 * AT Command:
954
955 AT+DATAUP=0
956
957 AT+DATAUP=1
958
959
960 * Downlink Payload:
961
962 0xAD 00   à Same as AT+DATAUP=0
963
964 0xAD 01   à Same as AT+DATAUP=1
965
966
967 ==== Manually trigger an Uplink ====
968
969 Ask device to send an uplink immediately.
970
971 * Downlink Payload:
972
973 0x08 FF, RS485-BL will immediately send an uplink.
974
975
976 ==== Clear RS485 Command ====
977
978 The AT+COMMANDx and AT+DATACUTx settings are stored in special location, user can use below command to clear them.
979
980
981 * AT Command:
982
983 **AT+CMDEAR=mm,nn**   mm: start position of erase ,nn: stop position of erase
984
985 Etc. AT+CMDEAR=1,10 means erase AT+COMMAND1/AT+DATACUT1 to AT+COMMAND10/AT+DATACUT10
986
987 Example screen shot after clear all RS485 commands. 
988
989
990
991 The uplink screen shot is:
992
993 [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image023.png]]
994
995
996 * Downlink Payload:
997
998 0x09 aa bb same as AT+CMDEAR=aa,bb
999
1000
1001 ==== Set Serial Communication Parameters ====
1002
1003 Set the Rs485 serial communication parameters:
1004
1005 * AT Command:
1006
1007 Set Baud Rate:
1008
1009 AT+BAUDR=9600    ~/~/ Options: (1200,2400,4800,14400,19200,115200)
1010
1011
1012 Set UART parity
1013
1014 AT+PARITY=0    ~/~/ Option: 0: no parity, 1: odd parity, 2: even parity
1015
1016
1017 Set STOPBIT
1018
1019 AT+STOPBIT=0    ~/~/ Option: 0 for 1bit; 1 for 1.5 bit ; 2 for 2 bits
1020
1021
1022 * Downlink Payload:
1023
1024 A7 01 aa bb: Same  AT+BAUDR=hex(aa bb)*100
1025
1026 Example:
1027
1028 * A7 01 00 60   same as AT+BAUDR=9600
1029 * A7 01 04 80  same as AT+BAUDR=115200
1030
1031 A7 02 aa: Same as  AT+PARITY=aa  (aa value: 00 , 01 or 02)
1032
1033 A7 03 aa: Same as  AT+STOPBIT=aa  (aa value: 00 , 01 or 02)
1034
1035
1036 ==== Control output power duration ====
1037
1038 User can set the output power duration before each sampling.
1039
1040 * AT Command:
1041
1042 Example:
1043
1044 AT+3V3T=1000 ~/~/ 3V3 output power will open 1s before each sampling.
1045
1046 AT+5VT=1000 ~/~/ +5V output power will open 1s before each sampling.
1047
1048
1049 * LoRaWAN Downlink Command:
1050
1051 07 01 aa bb  Same as AT+5VT=(aa bb)
1052
1053 07 02 aa bb  Same as AT+3V3T=(aa bb)
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058 1.
1059 11. Buttons
1060
1061 |**Button**|**Feature**
1062 |**RST**|Reboot RS485-BL
1063
1064 1.
1065 11. +3V3 Output
1066
1067 RS485-BL has a Controllable +3V3 output, user can use this output to power external sensor.
1068
1069 The +3V3 output will be valid for every sampling. RS485-BL will enable +3V3 output before all sampling and disable the +3V3 after all sampling. 
1070
1071
1072 The +3V3 output time can be controlled by AT Command.
1073
1074 **AT+3V3T=1000**
1075
1076 Means set +3v3 valid time to have 1000ms. So, the real +3v3 output will actually have 1000ms + sampling time for other sensors.
1077
1078
1079 By default, the AT+3V3T=0. This is a special case, means the +3V3 output is always on at any time
1080
1081
1082 1.
1083 11. +5V Output
1084
1085 RS485-BL has a Controllable +5V output, user can use this output to power external sensor.
1086
1087 The +5V output will be valid for every sampling. RS485-BL will enable +5V output before all sampling and disable the +5v after all sampling. 
1088
1089
1090 The 5V output time can be controlled by AT Command.
1091
1092 **AT+5VT=1000**
1093
1094 Means set 5V valid time to have 1000ms. So, the real 5V output will actually have 1000ms + sampling time for other sensors.
1095
1096
1097 By default, the AT+5VT=0. If the external sensor which require 5v and require more time to get stable state, user can use this command to increase the power ON duration for this sensor.
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102 1.
1103 11. LEDs
1104
1105 |**LEDs**|**Feature**
1106 |**LED1**|Blink when device transmit a packet.
1107
1108 1.
1109 11. Switch Jumper
1110
1111 |**Switch Jumper**|**Feature**
1112 |**SW1**|(((
1113 ISP position: Upgrade firmware via UART
1114
1115 Flash position: Configure device, check running status.
1116 )))
1117 |**SW2**|(((
1118 5V position: set to compatible with 5v I/O.
1119
1120 3.3v position: set to compatible with 3.3v I/O.,
1121 )))
1122
1123 +3.3V: is always ON
1124
1125 +5V: Only open before every sampling. The time is by default, it is AT+5VT=0.  Max open time. 5000 ms.
1126
1127 1. Case Study
1128
1129 User can check this URL for some case studies.
1130
1131 [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=APP_RS485_COMMUNICATE_WITH_SENSORS>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=APP_RS485_COMMUNICATE_WITH_SENSORS]]
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136 1. Use AT Command
1137 11. Access AT Command
1138
1139 RS485-BL supports AT Command set. User can use a USB to TTL adapter plus the 3.5mm Program Cable to connect to RS485-BL to use AT command, as below.
1140
1141 [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.png]]
1142
1143
1144 In PC, User needs to set **serial tool**(such as [[putty>>url:https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/latest.html]], SecureCRT) baud rate to **9600** to access to access serial console of RS485-BL. The default password is 123456. Below is the output for reference:
1145
1146 [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image028.png]]
1147
1148
1149
1150 More detail AT Command manual can be found at [[AT Command Manual>>path:#AT_COMMAND]]
1151
1152
1153
1154 1.
1155 11. Common AT Command Sequence
1156 111. Multi-channel ABP mode (Use with SX1301/LG308)
1157
1158 If device has not joined network yet:
1159
1160 AT+FDR
1161
1162 AT+NJM=0
1163
1164 ATZ
1165
1166
1167 If device already joined network:
1168
1169 AT+NJM=0
1170
1171 ATZ
1172
1173 1.
1174 11.
1175 111. Single-channel ABP mode (Use with LG01/LG02)
1176
1177 AT+FDR   Reset Parameters to Factory Default, Keys Reserve
1178
1179 AT+NJM=0 Set to ABP mode
1180
1181 AT+ADR=0 Set the Adaptive Data Rate Off
1182
1183 AT+DR=5  Set Data Rate
1184
1185 AT+TDC=60000  Set transmit interval to 60 seconds
1186
1187 AT+CHS=868400000 Set transmit frequency to 868.4Mhz
1188
1189 AT+RX2FQ=868400000 Set RX2Frequency to 868.4Mhz (according to the result from server)
1190
1191 AT+RX2DR=5  Set RX2DR to match the downlink DR from server. see below
1192
1193 AT+DADDR=26 01 1A F1 Set Device Address to 26 01 1A F1, this ID can be found in the LoRa Server portal.
1194
1195 ATZ          Reset MCU
1196
1197 **Note:**
1198
1199 1. Make sure the device is set to ABP mode in the IoT Server.
1200 1. Make sure the LG01/02 gateway RX frequency is exactly the same as AT+CHS setting.
1201 1. Make sure SF / bandwidth setting in LG01/LG02 match the settings of AT+DR. refer [[this link>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/&file=LoRaWAN%201.0.3%20Regional%20Parameters.xlsx]] to see what DR means.
1202 1. The command AT+RX2FQ and AT+RX2DR is to let downlink work. to set the correct parameters, user can check the actually downlink parameters to be used. As below. Which shows the RX2FQ should use 868400000 and RX2DR should be 5
1203
1204 [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image029.png]]
1205
1206
1207 1. FAQ
1208 11. How to upgrade the image?
1209
1210 The RS485-BL LoRaWAN Controller is shipped with a 3.5mm cable, the cable is used to upload image to RS485-BL to:
1211
1212 * Support new features
1213 * For bug fix
1214 * Change LoRaWAN bands.
1215
1216 Below shows the hardware connection for how to upload an image to RS485-BL:
1217
1218 [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image030.png]]
1219
1220 **Step1:** Download [[flash loader>>url:https://www.st.com/content/st_com/en/products/development-tools/software-development-tools/stm32-software-development-tools/stm32-programmers/flasher-stm32.html]].
1221
1222 **Step2**: Download the [[LT Image files>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LT_LoRa_IO_Controller/LT33222-L/image/]].
1223
1224 **Step3: **Open flashloader; choose the correct COM port to update.
1225
1226
1227 |(((
1228 HOLD PRO then press the RST button, SYS will be ON, then click next
1229 )))
1230
1231 |(((
1232 Board detected
1233 )))
1234
1235 |(((
1236
1237 )))
1238
1239 [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image031.png]] [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image032.png]]
1240
1241
1242
1243 [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image033.png]] [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image034.png]]
1244
1245
1246 [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image035.png]] [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image036.png]]
1247
1248
1249 1.
1250 11. How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region?
1251
1252 User can follow the introduction for [[how to upgrade image>>path:#upgrade_image]]. When download the images, choose the required image file for download.
1253
1254
1255
1256 1.
1257 11. How many RS485-Slave can RS485-BL connects?
1258
1259 The RS485-BL can support max 32 RS485 devices. Each uplink command of RS485-BL can support max 16 different RS485 command. So RS485-BL can support max 16 RS485 devices pre-program in the device for uplink. For other devices no pre-program, user can use the [[downlink message (type code 0xA8) to poll their info>>path:#downlink_A8]].
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264 1. Trouble Shooting     
1265 11. Downlink doesn’t work, how to solve it?
1266
1267 Please see this link for debug:
1268
1269 [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Main_Page#LoRaWAN_Communication_Debug>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Main_Page#LoRaWAN_Communication_Debug]] 
1270
1271
1272
1273 1.
1274 11. Why I can’t join TTN V3 in US915 /AU915 bands?
1275
1276 It might about the channels mapping. Please see for detail.
1277
1278 [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=LoRaWAN_Communication_Debug#Notice_of_US915.2FCN470.2FAU915_Frequency_band>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=LoRaWAN_Communication_Debug#Notice_of_US915.2FCN470.2FAU915_Frequency_band]]
1279
1280
1281
1282 1. Order Info
1283
1284 **Part Number: RS485-BL-XXX**
1285
1286 **XXX:**
1287
1288 * **EU433**: frequency bands EU433
1289 * **EU868**: frequency bands EU868
1290 * **KR920**: frequency bands KR920
1291 * **CN470**: frequency bands CN470
1292 * **AS923**: frequency bands AS923
1293 * **AU915**: frequency bands AU915
1294 * **US915**: frequency bands US915
1295 * **IN865**: frequency bands IN865
1296 * **RU864**: frequency bands RU864
1297 * **KZ865: **frequency bands KZ865
1298
1299 1. Packing Info
1300
1301 **Package Includes**:
1302
1303 * RS485-BL x 1
1304 * Stick Antenna for LoRa RF part x 1
1305 * Program cable x 1
1306
1307 **Dimension and weight**:
1308
1309 * Device Size: 13.5 x 7 x 3 cm
1310 * Device Weight: 105g
1311 * Package Size / pcs : 14.5 x 8 x 5 cm
1312 * Weight / pcs : 170g
1313
1314 1. Support
1315
1316 * Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8. Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before-mentioned schedule.
1317 * Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to
1318
1319 [[support@dragino.com>>url:file:///D:/市场资料/说明书/LoRa/LT系列/support@dragino.com]]