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7 7  **RS485-BL – Waterproof RS485 to LoRaWAN Converter User Manual**
8 8  
9 9  
10 +
10 10  **Table of Contents:**
11 11  
12 12  
... ... @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
13 13  
14 14  
15 15  
17 +
16 16  = 1.Introduction =
17 17  
18 18  == 1.1 What is RS485-BL RS485 to LoRaWAN Converter ==
... ... @@ -303,88 +303,102 @@
303 303  )))
304 304  )))
305 305  
308 +=== 3.3.2 Configure sensors ===
306 306  
310 +(((
311 +Some sensors might need to configure before normal operation. User can configure such sensor via PC or through RS485-BL AT Commands (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**AT+CFGDEV**.
312 +)))
307 307  
314 +(((
315 +When user issue an (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**AT+CFGDEV**(%%) command, Each (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**AT+CFGDEV**(%%) equals to send a command to the RS485 or TTL sensors. This command will only run when user input it and won’t run during each sampling.
316 +)))
308 308  
309 -1.
310 -11.
311 -111. Configure sensors
312 -
313 -Some sensors might need to configure before normal operation. User can configure such sensor via PC or through RS485-BL AT Commands AT+CFGDEV.
314 -
315 -
316 -When user issue an AT+CFGDEV command, Each AT+CFGDEV equals to send a command to the RS485 or TTL sensors. This command will only run when user input it and won’t run during each sampling.
317 -
318 -|**AT Commands**|**Description**|**Example**
319 -|AT+CFGDEV|(((
318 +(% border="1" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:806px" %)
319 +|**AT Commands**|(% style="width:418px" %)**Description**|(% style="width:256px" %)**Example**
320 +|AT+CFGDEV|(% style="width:418px" %)(((
320 320  This command is used to configure the RS485/TTL devices; they won’t be used during sampling.
321 321  
322 -AT+CFGDEV=xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx,m
323 +AT+CFGDEV=xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx,
323 323  
324 -m: 0: no CRC, 1: add CRC-16/MODBUS in the end of this command
325 -)))|AT+CFGDEV=xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx,m
325 +mm: 0: no CRC, 1: add CRC-16/MODBUS in the end of this command
326 +)))|(% style="width:256px" %)AT+CFGDEV=xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx,m
326 326  
327 327  Detail of AT+CFGDEV command see [[AT+CFGDEV detail>>path:#AT_CFGDEV]].
328 328  
330 +=== 3.3.3 Configure read commands for each sampling ===
329 329  
330 -
331 -
332 -
333 -1.
334 -11.
335 -111. Configure read commands for each sampling
336 -
332 +(((
337 337  RS485-BL is a battery powered device; it will sleep most of time. And wake up on each period and read RS485 / TTL sensor data and uplink.
334 +)))
338 338  
339 -
336 +(((
340 340  During each sampling, we need to confirm what commands we need to send to the sensors to read data. After the RS485/TTL sensors send back the value, it normally includes some bytes and we only need a few from them for a shorten payload.
338 +)))
341 341  
342 -
340 +(((
343 343  To save the LoRaWAN network bandwidth, we might need to read data from different sensors and combine their valid value into a short payload.
342 +)))
344 344  
345 -
344 +(((
346 346  This section describes how to achieve above goals.
346 +)))
347 347  
348 -
348 +(((
349 349  During each sampling, the RS485-BL can support 15 commands to read sensors. And combine the return to one or several uplink payloads.
350 +)))
350 350  
351 -
352 +(((
352 352  **Command from RS485-BL to Sensor:**
354 +)))
353 353  
356 +(((
354 354  RS485-BL can send out pre-set max 15 strings via **AT+COMMAD1**, **ATCOMMAND2**,…, to **AT+COMMANDF** . All commands are of same grammar.
358 +)))
355 355  
356 -
360 +(((
357 357  **Handle return from sensors to RS485-BL**:
362 +)))
358 358  
364 +(((
359 359  After RS485-BL send out a string to sensor, RS485-BL will wait for the return from RS485 or TTL sensor. And user can specify how to handle the return, by **AT+DATACUT or AT+SEARCH commands**
366 +)))
360 360  
368 +* (((
369 +**AT+DATACUT**
370 +)))
361 361  
362 -* **AT+DATACUT**
363 -
372 +(((
364 364  When the return value from sensor have fix length and we know which position the valid value we should get, we can use AT+DATACUT command.
374 +)))
365 365  
376 +* (((
377 +**AT+SEARCH**
378 +)))
366 366  
367 -* **AT+SEARCH**
368 -
380 +(((
369 369  When the return value from sensor is dynamic length and we are not sure which bytes the valid data is, instead, we know what value the valid value following. We can use AT+SEARCH to search the valid value in the return string.
382 +)))
370 370  
371 -
384 +(((
372 372  **Define wait timeout:**
386 +)))
373 373  
388 +(((
374 374  Some RS485 device might has longer delay on reply, so user can use AT+CMDDL to set the timeout for getting reply after the RS485 command is sent. For example, AT+CMDDL1=1000 to send the open time to 1000ms
390 +)))
375 375  
376 -
392 +(((
377 377  After we got the valid value from each RS485 commands, we need to combine them together with the command **AT+DATAUP**.
394 +)))
378 378  
379 -
380 380  **Examples:**
381 381  
382 382  Below are examples for the how above AT Commands works.
383 383  
384 -
385 385  **AT+COMMANDx : **This command will be sent to RS485/TTL devices during each sampling, Max command length is 14 bytes. The grammar is:
386 386  
387 -|(((
402 +(% border="1" class="table-bordered" style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:501px" %)
403 +|(% style="width:498px" %)(((
388 388  **AT+COMMANDx=xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx,m**
389 389  
390 390  **xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx: The RS485 command to be sent**
... ... @@ -396,41 +396,38 @@
396 396  
397 397  In the RS485-BL, we should use this command AT+COMMAND1=01 03 0B B8 00 02,1 for the same.
398 398  
399 -
400 400  **AT+SEARCHx**: This command defines how to handle the return from AT+COMMANDx.
401 401  
402 -|(((
417 +(% border="1" class="table-bordered" style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:580px" %)
418 +|(% style="width:577px" %)(((
403 403  **AT+SEARCHx=aa,xx xx xx xx xx**
404 404  
405 405  * **aa: 1: prefix match mode; 2: prefix and suffix match mode**
406 406  * **xx xx xx xx xx: match string. Max 5 bytes for prefix and 5 bytes for suffix**
407 -
408 -
409 409  )))
410 410  
411 -Examples:
425 +**Examples:**
412 412  
413 413  1. For a return string from AT+COMMAND1: 16 0c 1e 56 34 2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30 31 00 49
414 414  
415 415  If we set AT+SEARCH1=1,1E 56 34.      (max 5 bytes for prefix)
416 416  
417 -The valid data will be all bytes after 1E 56 34 , so it is 2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30 31 00 49
431 +The valid data will be all bytes after 1E 56 34 , so it is (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30 31 00 49**
418 418  
419 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image013.png]]
433 +[[image:1653271044481-711.png]]
420 420  
421 -
422 422  1. For a return string from AT+COMMAND1:  16 0c 1e 56 34 2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30 31 00 49
423 423  
424 424  If we set AT+SEARCH1=2, 1E 56 34+31 00 49
425 425  
426 -Device will search the bytes between 1E 56 34 and 31 00 49. So it is 2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30
439 +Device will search the bytes between 1E 56 34 and 31 00 49. So it is(% style="background-color:yellow" %) **2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30**
427 427  
428 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image014.png]]
441 +[[image:1653271276735-972.png]]
429 429  
430 -
431 431  **AT+DATACUTx : **This command defines how to handle the return from AT+COMMANDx, max return length is 45 bytes.
432 432  
433 -|(((
445 +(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:729px" %)
446 +|(% style="width:726px" %)(((
434 434  **AT+DATACUTx=a,b,c**
435 435  
436 436  * **a: length for the return of AT+COMMAND**
... ... @@ -442,95 +442,130 @@
442 442  
443 443  * Grab bytes:
444 444  
445 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image015.png]]
458 +[[image:1653271581490-837.png||height="313" width="722"]]
446 446  
447 447  * Grab a section.
448 448  
449 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image016.png]]
462 +[[image:1653271648378-342.png||height="326" width="720"]]
450 450  
451 451  * Grab different sections.
452 452  
453 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image017.png]]
466 +[[image:1653271657255-576.png||height="305" width="730"]]
454 454  
468 +(((
469 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**
470 +)))
455 455  
456 -Note:
457 -
472 +(((
458 458  AT+SEARCHx and AT+DATACUTx can be used together, if both commands are set, RS485-BL will first process AT+SEARCHx on the return string and get a temporary string, and then process AT+DATACUTx on this temporary string to get the final payload. In this case, AT+DATACUTx need to set to format AT+DATACUTx=0,xx,xx where the return bytes set to 0.
474 +)))
459 459  
460 -Example:
476 +(((
477 +**Example:**
478 +)))
461 461  
462 -AT+COMMAND1=11 01 1E D0,0
480 +(((
481 +(% style="color:red" %)AT+COMMAND1=11 01 1E D0,0
482 +)))
463 463  
464 -AT+SEARCH1=1,1E 56 34
484 +(((
485 +(% style="color:red" %)AT+SEARCH1=1,1E 56 34
486 +)))
465 465  
466 -AT+DATACUT1=0,2,1~~5
488 +(((
489 +(% style="color:red" %)AT+DATACUT1=0,2,1~~5
490 +)))
467 467  
468 -Return string from AT+COMMAND1: 16 0c 1e 56 34 2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30 31 00 49
492 +(((
493 +(% style="color:red" %)Return string from AT+COMMAND1: 16 0c 1e 56 34 2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30 31 00 49
494 +)))
469 469  
470 -String after SEARCH command: 2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30 31 00 49
496 +(((
497 +(% style="color:red" %)String after SEARCH command: 2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30 31 00 49
498 +)))
471 471  
472 -Valid payload after DataCUT command: 2e 30 58 5f 36
500 +(((
501 +(% style="color:red" %)Valid payload after DataCUT command: 2e 30 58 5f 36
502 +)))
473 473  
474 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image018.png]]
504 +[[image:1653271763403-806.png]]
475 475  
506 +=== 3.3.4 Compose the uplink payload ===
476 476  
477 -
478 -
479 -1.
480 -11.
481 -111. Compose the uplink payload
482 -
508 +(((
483 483  Through AT+COMMANDx and AT+DATACUTx we got valid value from each RS485 commands, Assume these valid value are RETURN1, RETURN2, .., to RETURNx. The next step is how to compose the LoRa Uplink Payload by these RETURNs. The command is **AT+DATAUP.**
510 +)))
484 484  
512 +(((
513 +(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Examples: AT+DATAUP=0**
514 +)))
485 485  
486 -**Examples: AT+DATAUP=0**
516 +(((
517 +Compose the uplink payload with value returns in sequence and send with (% style="color:red" %)**A SIGNLE UPLINK**.
518 +)))
487 487  
488 -Compose the uplink payload with value returns in sequence and send with **A SIGNLE UPLINK**.
489 -
520 +(((
490 490  Final Payload is
522 +)))
491 491  
492 -Battery Info+PAYVER + VALID Value from RETURN1 + Valid Value from RETURN2 + … + RETURNx
524 +(((
525 +(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Battery Info+PAYVER + VALID Value from RETURN1 + Valid Value from RETURN2 + … + RETURNx
526 +)))
493 493  
528 +(((
494 494  Where PAYVER is defined by AT+PAYVER, below is an example screen shot.
530 +)))
495 495  
496 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image019.png]]
532 +[[image:1653272787040-634.png||height="515" width="719"]]
497 497  
534 +(((
535 +(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Examples: AT+DATAUP=1**
536 +)))
498 498  
538 +(((
539 +Compose the uplink payload with value returns in sequence and send with (% style="color:red" %)**Multiply UPLINKs**.
540 +)))
499 499  
500 -**Examples: AT+DATAUP=1**
501 -
502 -Compose the uplink payload with value returns in sequence and send with **Multiply UPLINKs**.
503 -
542 +(((
504 504  Final Payload is
544 +)))
505 505  
506 -Battery Info+PAYVER + PAYLOAD COUNT + PAYLOAD# + DATA
546 +(((
547 +(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Battery Info+PAYVER + PAYLOAD COUNT + PAYLOAD# + DATA
548 +)))
507 507  
508 -1. Battery Info (2 bytes): Battery voltage
509 -1. PAYVER (1 byte): Defined by AT+PAYVER
510 -1. PAYLOAD COUNT (1 byte): Total how many uplinks of this sampling.
511 -1. PAYLOAD# (1 byte): Number of this uplink. (from 0,1,2,3…,to PAYLOAD COUNT)
512 -1. DATA: Valid value: max 6 bytes(US915 version here, [[Notice*!>>path:#max_byte]]) for each uplink so each uplink <= 11 bytes. For the last uplink, DATA will might less than 6 bytes
550 +1. (((
551 +Battery Info (2 bytes): Battery voltage
552 +)))
553 +1. (((
554 +PAYVER (1 byte): Defined by AT+PAYVER
555 +)))
556 +1. (((
557 +PAYLOAD COUNT (1 byte): Total how many uplinks of this sampling.
558 +)))
559 +1. (((
560 +PAYLOAD# (1 byte): Number of this uplink. (from 0,1,2,3…,to PAYLOAD COUNT)
561 +)))
562 +1. (((
563 +DATA: Valid value: max 6 bytes(US915 version here, Notice*!) for each uplink so each uplink <= 11 bytes. For the last uplink, DATA will might less than 6 bytes
564 +)))
513 513  
514 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]
566 +[[image:1653272817147-600.png||height="437" width="717"]]
515 515  
516 -
517 517  So totally there will be 3 uplinks for this sampling, each uplink includes 6 bytes DATA
518 518  
519 -DATA1=RETURN1 Valid Value = 20 20 0a 33 90 41
570 +DATA1=RETURN1 Valid Value = (% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white" %) 20 20 0a 33 90 41
520 520  
521 -DATA2=1^^st^^ ~~ 6^^th^^ byte of Valid value of RETURN10= 02 aa 05 81 0a 20
572 +DATA2=1^^st^^ ~~ 6^^th^^ byte of Valid value of RETURN10= (% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white" %)02 aa 05 81 0a 20
522 522  
523 -DATA3=7^^th^^ ~~ 11^^th^^ bytes of Valid value of RETURN10 = 20 20 20 2d 30
574 +DATA3=7^^th^^ ~~ 11^^th^^ bytes of Valid value of RETURN10 =(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white" %) 20 20 20 2d 30
524 524  
525 -
526 -
527 527  Below are the uplink payloads:
528 528  
529 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image021.png]]
578 +[[image:1653272901032-107.png]]
530 530  
580 +(% style="color:red" %)Notice: the Max bytes is according to the max support bytes in different Frequency Bands for lowest SF. As below:
531 531  
532 -Notice: the Max bytes is according to the max support bytes in different Frequency Bands for lowest SF. As below:
533 -
534 534   ~* For AU915/AS923 bands, if UplinkDwell time=0, max 51 bytes for each uplink ( so 51 -5 = 46 max valid date)
535 535  
536 536   * For AU915/AS923 bands, if UplinkDwell time=1, max 11 bytes for each uplink ( so 11 -5 = 6 max valid date).
... ... @@ -539,90 +539,121 @@
539 539  
540 540   ~* For all other bands: max 51 bytes for each uplink  ( so 51 -5 = 46 max valid date).
541 541  
590 +=== 3.3.5 Uplink on demand ===
542 542  
543 -
544 -1.
545 -11.
546 -111. Uplink on demand
547 -
592 +(((
548 548  Except uplink periodically, RS485-BL is able to uplink on demand. The server sends downlink command to RS485-BL and RS485 will uplink data base on the command.
594 +)))
549 549  
596 +(((
550 550  Downlink control command:
598 +)))
551 551  
552 -[[0x08 command>>path:#downlink_08]]: Poll an uplink with current command set in RS485-BL.
600 +(((
601 +**0x08 command**: Poll an uplink with current command set in RS485-BL.
602 +)))
553 553  
554 -[[0xA8 command>>path:#downlink_A8]]: Send a command to RS485-BL and uplink the output from sensors.
604 +(((
605 +**0xA8 command**: Send a command to RS485-BL and uplink the output from sensors.
606 +)))
555 555  
608 +=== 3.3.6 Uplink on Interrupt ===
556 556  
610 +Put the interrupt sensor between 3.3v_out and GPIO ext.
557 557  
558 -1.
559 -11.
560 -111. Uplink on Interrupt
612 +[[image:1653273818896-432.png]]
561 561  
562 -Put the interrupt sensor between 3.3v_out and GPIO ext.[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image022.png]]
563 -
614 +(((
564 564  AT+INTMOD=0  Disable Interrupt
616 +)))
565 565  
618 +(((
566 566  AT+INTMOD=1  Interrupt trigger by rising or falling edge.
620 +)))
567 567  
622 +(((
568 568  AT+INTMOD=2  Interrupt trigger by falling edge. ( Default Value)
624 +)))
569 569  
626 +(((
570 570  AT+INTMOD=3  Interrupt trigger by rising edge.
628 +)))
571 571  
630 +== 3.4 Uplink Payload ==
572 572  
573 -1.
574 -11. Uplink Payload
575 -
576 -|**Size(bytes)**|**2**|**1**|**Length depends on the return from the commands**
577 -|Value|(((
632 +(% border="1" style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:850px" %)
633 +|**Size(bytes)**|(% style="width:130px" %)**2**|(% style="width:93px" %)**1**|(% style="width:509px" %)**Length depends on the return from the commands**
634 +|Value|(% style="width:130px" %)(((
635 +(((
578 578  Battery(mV)
637 +)))
579 579  
639 +(((
580 580  &
641 +)))
581 581  
643 +(((
582 582  Interrupt _Flag
583 -)))|(((
645 +)))
646 +)))|(% style="width:93px" %)(((
584 584  PAYLOAD_VER
585 585  
586 586  
587 -)))|If the valid payload is too long and exceed the maximum support payload length in server, server will show payload not provided in the LoRaWAN server.
650 +)))|(% style="width:509px" %)If the valid payload is too long and exceed the maximum support payload length in server, server will show payload not provided in the LoRaWAN server.
588 588  
589 589  Below is the decoder for the first 3 bytes. The rest bytes are dynamic depends on different RS485 sensors.
590 590  
591 -
654 +(((
592 592  function Decoder(bytes, port) {
656 +)))
593 593  
658 +(((
594 594  ~/~/Payload Formats of RS485-BL Deceive
660 +)))
595 595  
662 +(((
596 596  return {
664 +)))
597 597  
666 +(((
598 598   ~/~/Battery,units:V
668 +)))
599 599  
670 +(((
600 600   BatV:((bytes[0]<<8 | bytes[1])&0x7fff)/1000,
672 +)))
601 601  
674 +(((
602 602   ~/~/GPIO_EXTI 
676 +)))
603 603  
678 +(((
604 604   EXTI_Trigger:(bytes[0] & 0x80)? "TRUE":"FALSE",
680 +)))
605 605  
682 +(((
606 606   ~/~/payload of version
684 +)))
607 607  
686 +(((
608 608   Pay_ver:bytes[2],
688 +)))
609 609  
690 +(((
610 610   };
692 +)))
611 611  
694 +(((
612 612   }
696 +)))
613 613  
614 -
615 -
616 -
617 -
618 -
619 -
698 +(((
620 620  TTN V3 uplink screen shot.
700 +)))
621 621  
622 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image023.png]]
702 +[[image:1653274001211-372.png||height="192" width="732"]]
623 623  
624 -1.
625 -11. Configure RS485-BL via AT or Downlink
704 +== 3.5 Configure RS485-BL via AT or Downlink ==
626 626  
627 627  User can configure RS485-BL via [[AT Commands >>path:#_​Using_the_AT]]or LoRaWAN Downlink Commands
628 628  
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