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1 (% style="text-align:center" %)
2 [[image:1652947681187-144.png||height="385" width="385"]]
3
4
5
6
7 **RS485-BL – Waterproof RS485 to LoRaWAN Converter User Manual**
8
9
10
11 **Table of Contents:**
12
13 {{toc/}}
14
15
16
17
18
19 = 1.Introduction =
20
21 == 1.1 What is RS485-BL RS485 to LoRaWAN Converter ==
22
23 (((
24
25 )))
26
27 (((
28 The Dragino RS485-BL is a (% style="color:blue" %)**RS485 / UART to LoRaWAN Converter**(%%) for Internet of Things solutions. User can connect RS485 or UART sensor to RS485-BL converter, and configure RS485-BL to periodically read sensor data and upload via LoRaWAN network to IoT server.
29 )))
30
31 (((
32 RS485-BL can interface to RS485 sensor, 3.3v/5v UART sensor or interrupt sensor. RS485-BL provides (% style="color:blue" %)**a 3.3v output**(%%) and** (% style="color:blue" %)a 5v output(%%)** to power external sensors. Both output voltages are controllable to minimize the total system power consumption.
33 )))
34
35 (((
36 RS485-BL is IP67 (% style="color:blue" %)**waterproof**(%%) and powered by (% style="color:blue" %)**8500mAh Li-SOCI2 battery**(%%), it is designed for long term use for several years.
37 )))
38
39 (((
40 RS485-BL runs standard (% style="color:blue" %)**LoRaWAN 1.0.3 in Class A**(%%). It can reach long transfer range and easy to integrate with LoRaWAN compatible gateway and IoT server.
41 )))
42
43 (((
44 For data uplink, RS485-BL sends user-defined commands to RS485 devices and gets the return from the RS485 devices. RS485-BL will process these returns data according to user-define rules to get the final payload and upload to LoRaWAN server.
45 )))
46
47 (((
48 For data downlink, RS485-BL runs in LoRaWAN Class A. When there is downlink commands from LoRaWAN server, RS485-BL will forward the commands from LoRaWAN server to RS485 devices.
49 )))
50
51 (((
52 Each RS485-BL pre-load with a set of unique keys for LoRaWAN registration, register these keys to LoRaWAN server and it will auto connect after power on.
53 )))
54
55 [[image:1652953304999-717.png||height="424" width="733"]]
56
57
58
59 == 1.2 Specifications ==
60
61
62 **Hardware System:**
63
64 * STM32L072CZT6 MCU
65 * SX1276/78 Wireless Chip 
66 * Power Consumption (exclude RS485 device):
67 ** Idle: 6uA@3.3v
68 ** 20dB Transmit: 130mA@3.3v
69
70 **Interface for Model:**
71
72 * 1 x RS485 Interface
73 * 1 x TTL Serial , 3.3v or 5v.
74 * 1 x I2C Interface, 3.3v or 5v.
75 * 1 x one wire interface
76 * 1 x Interrupt Interface
77 * 1 x Controllable 5V output, max
78
79 **LoRa Spec:**
80
81 * Frequency Range:
82 ** Band 1 (HF): 862 ~~ 1020 Mhz
83 ** Band 2 (LF): 410 ~~ 528 Mhz
84 * 168 dB maximum link budget.
85 * +20 dBm - 100 mW constant RF output vs.
86 * Programmable bit rate up to 300 kbps.
87 * High sensitivity: down to -148 dBm.
88 * Bullet-proof front end: IIP3 = -12.5 dBm.
89 * Excellent blocking immunity.
90 * Fully integrated synthesizer with a resolution of 61 Hz.
91 * LoRa modulation.
92 * Built-in bit synchronizer for clock recovery.
93 * Preamble detection.
94 * 127 dB Dynamic Range RSSI.
95 * Automatic RF Sense and CAD with ultra-fast AFC. ​​​
96
97 == 1.3 Features ==
98
99 * LoRaWAN Class A & Class C protocol (default Class A)
100 * Frequency Bands: CN470/EU433/KR920/US915/EU868/AS923/AU915/IN865/RU864
101 * AT Commands to change parameters
102 * Remote configure parameters via LoRaWAN Downlink
103 * Firmware upgradable via program port
104 * Support multiply RS485 devices by flexible rules
105 * Support Modbus protocol
106 * Support Interrupt uplink
107
108 == 1.4 Applications ==
109
110 * Smart Buildings & Home Automation
111 * Logistics and Supply Chain Management
112 * Smart Metering
113 * Smart Agriculture
114 * Smart Cities
115 * Smart Factory
116
117 == 1.5 Firmware Change log ==
118
119 [[RS485-BL Image files – Download link and Change log>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/RS485-BL/Firmware/||style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"]]
120
121
122 == 1.6 Hardware Change log ==
123
124 (((
125
126
127 v1.4
128 )))
129
130 (((
131 ~1. Change Power IC to TPS22916
132 )))
133
134
135 (((
136 v1.3
137 )))
138
139 (((
140 ~1. Change JP3 from KF350-8P to KF350-11P, Add one extra interface for I2C and one extra interface for one-wire
141 )))
142
143
144 (((
145 v1.2
146 )))
147
148 (((
149 Release version ​​​​​
150
151
152 )))
153
154 = 2. Pin mapping and Power ON Device =
155
156 (((
157 The RS485-BL is powered on by 8500mAh battery. To save battery life, RS485-BL is shipped with power off. User can put the jumper to power on RS485-BL.
158 )))
159
160 [[image:1652953055962-143.png||height="387" width="728"]]
161
162
163 The Left TXD and RXD are TTL interface for external sensor. TTL level is controlled by 3.3/5v Jumper.
164
165
166 = 3. Operation Mode =
167
168 == 3.1 How it works? ==
169
170 (((
171 The RS485-BL is configured as LoRaWAN OTAA Class A mode by default. It has OTAA keys to join network. To connect a local LoRaWAN network, user just need to input the OTAA keys in the network server and power on the RS485-BL. It will auto join the network via OTAA.
172
173
174 )))
175
176 == 3.2 Example to join LoRaWAN network ==
177
178 Here shows an example for how to join the TTN V3 Network. Below is the network structure, we use [[LG308>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/140-lg308.html]] as LoRaWAN gateway here. 
179
180 [[image:1652953414711-647.png||height="337" width="723"]]
181
182 (((
183 The RS485-BL in this example connected to two RS485 devices for demonstration, user can connect to other RS485 devices via the same method.
184 )))
185
186 (((
187 The LG308 is already set to connect to [[TTN V3 network >>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]]. So what we need to now is only configure the TTN V3:
188 )))
189
190 (((
191 **Step 1**: Create a device in TTN V3 with the OTAA keys from RS485-BL.
192 )))
193
194 (((
195 Each RS485-BL is shipped with a sticker with unique device EUI:
196 )))
197
198 [[image:1652953462722-299.png]]
199
200 (((
201 User can enter this key in their LoRaWAN Server portal. Below is TTN V3 screen shot:
202 )))
203
204 (((
205 Add APP EUI in the application.
206 )))
207
208
209 [[image:image-20220519174512-1.png]]
210
211 [[image:image-20220519174512-2.png||height="328" width="731"]]
212
213 [[image:image-20220519174512-3.png||height="556" width="724"]]
214
215 [[image:image-20220519174512-4.png]]
216
217 You can also choose to create the device manually.
218
219 [[image:1652953542269-423.png||height="710" width="723"]]
220
221 Add APP KEY and DEV EUI
222
223 [[image:1652953553383-907.png||height="514" width="724"]]
224
225
226 (((
227 **Step 2**: Power on RS485-BL and it will auto join to the TTN V3 network. After join success, it will start to upload message to TTN V3 and user can see in the panel.
228 )))
229
230 [[image:1652953568895-172.png||height="232" width="724"]]
231
232
233 == 3.3 Configure Commands to read data ==
234
235 (((
236 There are plenty of RS485 and TTL level devices in the market and each device has different command to read the valid data. To support these devices in flexible, RS485-BL supports flexible command set. User can use [[AT Commands or LoRaWAN Downlink>>||anchor="H3.5ConfigureRS485-BLviaATorDownlink"]] Command to configure how RS485-BL should read the sensor and how to handle the return from RS485 or TTL sensors.
237
238
239 )))
240
241 === 3.3.1 onfigure UART settings for RS485 or TTL communication ===
242
243 RS485-BL can connect to either RS485 sensors or TTL sensor. User need to specify what type of sensor need to connect.
244
245 **~1. RS485-MODBUS mode:**
246
247 AT+MOD=1 ~/~/ Support RS485-MODBUS type sensors. User can connect multiply RS485 , Modbus sensors to the A / B pins.
248
249 **2. TTL mode:**
250
251 AT+MOD=2 ~/~/ Support TTL Level sensors, User can connect one TTL Sensor to the TXD/RXD/GND pins.
252
253 RS485-BL default UART settings is **9600, no parity, stop bit 1**. If the sensor has a different settings, user can change the RS485-BL setting to match.
254
255 (% border="1" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:795px" %)
256 |(((
257 **AT Commands**
258 )))|(% style="width:285px" %)(((
259 **Description**
260 )))|(% style="width:347px" %)(((
261 **Example**
262 )))
263 |(((
264 AT+BAUDR
265 )))|(% style="width:285px" %)(((
266 Set the baud rate (for RS485 connection). Default Value is: 9600.
267 )))|(% style="width:347px" %)(((
268 (((
269 AT+BAUDR=9600
270 )))
271
272 (((
273 Options: (1200,2400,4800,14400,19200,115200)
274 )))
275 )))
276 |(((
277 AT+PARITY
278 )))|(% style="width:285px" %)(((
279 (((
280 Set UART parity (for RS485 connection)
281 )))
282
283 (((
284 Default Value is: no parity.
285 )))
286 )))|(% style="width:347px" %)(((
287 (((
288 AT+PARITY=0
289 )))
290
291 (((
292 Option: 0: no parity, 1: odd parity, 2: even parity
293 )))
294 )))
295 |(((
296 AT+STOPBIT
297 )))|(% style="width:285px" %)(((
298 (((
299 Set serial stopbit (for RS485 connection)
300 )))
301
302 (((
303 Default Value is: 1bit.
304 )))
305 )))|(% style="width:347px" %)(((
306 (((
307 AT+STOPBIT=0 for 1bit
308 )))
309
310 (((
311 AT+STOPBIT=1 for 1.5 bit
312 )))
313
314 (((
315 AT+STOPBIT=2 for 2 bits
316 )))
317 )))
318
319 === 3.3.2 Configure sensors ===
320
321 (((
322 Some sensors might need to configure before normal operation. User can configure such sensor via PC or through RS485-BL AT Commands (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**AT+CFGDEV**.
323 )))
324
325 (((
326 When user issue an (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**AT+CFGDEV**(%%) command, Each (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**AT+CFGDEV**(%%) equals to send a command to the RS485 or TTL sensors. This command will only run when user input it and won’t run during each sampling.
327 )))
328
329 (% border="1" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:806px" %)
330 |**AT Commands**|(% style="width:418px" %)**Description**|(% style="width:256px" %)**Example**
331 |AT+CFGDEV|(% style="width:418px" %)(((
332 This command is used to configure the RS485/TTL devices; they won’t be used during sampling.
333
334 AT+CFGDEV=xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx,
335
336 mm: 0: no CRC, 1: add CRC-16/MODBUS in the end of this command
337 )))|(% style="width:256px" %)AT+CFGDEV=xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx,m
338
339 Detail of AT+CFGDEV command see [[AT+CFGDEV detail>>||anchor="HRS485DebugCommand28AT2BCFGDEV29"]].
340
341
342 === 3.3.3 Configure read commands for each sampling ===
343
344 (((
345 RS485-BL is a battery powered device; it will sleep most of time. And wake up on each period and read RS485 / TTL sensor data and uplink.
346 )))
347
348 (((
349 During each sampling, we need to confirm what commands we need to send to the sensors to read data. After the RS485/TTL sensors send back the value, it normally includes some bytes and we only need a few from them for a shorten payload.
350 )))
351
352 (((
353 To save the LoRaWAN network bandwidth, we might need to read data from different sensors and combine their valid value into a short payload.
354 )))
355
356 (((
357 This section describes how to achieve above goals.
358 )))
359
360 (((
361 During each sampling, the RS485-BL can support 15 commands to read sensors. And combine the return to one or several uplink payloads.
362 )))
363
364 (((
365 **Command from RS485-BL to Sensor:**
366 )))
367
368 (((
369 RS485-BL can send out pre-set max 15 strings via **AT+COMMAD1**, **ATCOMMAND2**,…, to **AT+COMMANDF** . All commands are of same grammar.
370 )))
371
372 (((
373 **Handle return from sensors to RS485-BL**:
374 )))
375
376 (((
377 After RS485-BL send out a string to sensor, RS485-BL will wait for the return from RS485 or TTL sensor. And user can specify how to handle the return, by **AT+DATACUT or AT+SEARCH commands**
378 )))
379
380 * (((
381 **AT+DATACUT**
382 )))
383
384 (((
385 When the return value from sensor have fix length and we know which position the valid value we should get, we can use AT+DATACUT command.
386 )))
387
388 * (((
389 **AT+SEARCH**
390 )))
391
392 (((
393 When the return value from sensor is dynamic length and we are not sure which bytes the valid data is, instead, we know what value the valid value following. We can use AT+SEARCH to search the valid value in the return string.
394 )))
395
396 (((
397 **Define wait timeout:**
398 )))
399
400 (((
401 Some RS485 device might has longer delay on reply, so user can use AT+CMDDL to set the timeout for getting reply after the RS485 command is sent. For example, AT+CMDDL1=1000 to send the open time to 1000ms
402 )))
403
404 (((
405 After we got the valid value from each RS485 commands, we need to combine them together with the command **AT+DATAUP**.
406 )))
407
408 **Examples:**
409
410 Below are examples for the how above AT Commands works.
411
412 **AT+COMMANDx : **This command will be sent to RS485/TTL devices during each sampling, Max command length is 14 bytes. The grammar is:
413
414 (% border="1" class="table-bordered" style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:501px" %)
415 |(% style="width:498px" %)(((
416 **AT+COMMANDx=xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx,m**
417
418 **xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx: The RS485 command to be sent**
419
420 **m: 0: no CRC, 1: add CRC-16/MODBUS in the end of this command**
421 )))
422
423 For example, if we have a RS485 sensor. The command to get sensor value is: 01 03 0B B8 00 02 46 0A. Where 01 03 0B B8 00 02 is the Modbus command to read the register 0B B8 where stored the sensor value. The 46 0A is the CRC-16/MODBUS which calculate manually.
424
425 In the RS485-BL, we should use this command AT+COMMAND1=01 03 0B B8 00 02,1 for the same.
426
427 **AT+SEARCHx**: This command defines how to handle the return from AT+COMMANDx.
428
429 (% border="1" class="table-bordered" style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:580px" %)
430 |(% style="width:577px" %)(((
431 **AT+SEARCHx=aa,xx xx xx xx xx**
432
433 * **aa: 1: prefix match mode; 2: prefix and suffix match mode**
434 * **xx xx xx xx xx: match string. Max 5 bytes for prefix and 5 bytes for suffix**
435 )))
436
437 **Examples:**
438
439 1）For a return string from AT+COMMAND1: 16 0c 1e 56 34 2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30 31 00 49
440
441 If we set AT+SEARCH1=1,1E 56 34.      (max 5 bytes for prefix)
442
443 The valid data will be all bytes after 1E 56 34 , so it is (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30 31 00 49**
444
445 [[image:1653271044481-711.png]]
446
447 2）For a return string from AT+COMMAND1:  16 0c 1e 56 34 2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30 31 00 49
448
449 If we set AT+SEARCH1=2, 1E 56 34+31 00 49
450
451 Device will search the bytes between 1E 56 34 and 31 00 49. So it is(% style="background-color:yellow" %) **2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30**
452
453 [[image:1653271276735-972.png]]
454
455 **AT+DATACUTx : **This command defines how to handle the return from AT+COMMANDx, max return length is 45 bytes.
456
457 (% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:729px" %)
458 |(% style="width:726px" %)(((
459 **AT+DATACUTx=a,b,c**
460
461 * **a: length for the return of AT+COMMAND**
462 * **b:1: grab valid value by byte, max 6 bytes. 2: grab valid value by bytes section, max 3 sections.**
463 * **c: define the position for valid value.  **
464 )))
465
466 **Examples:**
467
468 * Grab bytes:
469
470 [[image:1653271581490-837.png||height="313" width="722"]]
471
472
473 * Grab a section.
474
475 [[image:1653271648378-342.png||height="326" width="720"]]
476
477
478 * Grab different sections.
479
480 [[image:1653271657255-576.png||height="305" width="730"]]
481
482 (((
483 (% style="color:red" %)**Note:**
484 )))
485
486 (((
487 AT+SEARCHx and AT+DATACUTx can be used together, if both commands are set, RS485-BL will first process AT+SEARCHx on the return string and get a temporary string, and then process AT+DATACUTx on this temporary string to get the final payload. In this case, AT+DATACUTx need to set to format AT+DATACUTx=0,xx,xx where the return bytes set to 0.
488 )))
489
490 (((
491 **Example:**
492 )))
493
494 (((
495 (% style="color:red" %)AT+COMMAND1=11 01 1E D0,0
496 )))
497
498 (((
499 (% style="color:red" %)AT+SEARCH1=1,1E 56 34
500 )))
501
502 (((
503 (% style="color:red" %)AT+DATACUT1=0,2,1~~5
504 )))
505
506 (((
507 (% style="color:red" %)Return string from AT+COMMAND1: 16 0c 1e 56 34 2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30 31 00 49
508 )))
509
510 (((
511 (% style="color:red" %)String after SEARCH command: 2e 30 58 5f 36 41 30 31 00 49
512 )))
513
514 (((
515 (% style="color:red" %)Valid payload after DataCUT command: 2e 30 58 5f 36
516 )))
517
518 [[image:1653271763403-806.png]]
519
520
521 === 3.3.4 Compose the uplink payload ===
522
523 (((
524 Through AT+COMMANDx and AT+DATACUTx we got valid value from each RS485 commands, Assume these valid value are RETURN1, RETURN2, .., to RETURNx. The next step is how to compose the LoRa Uplink Payload by these RETURNs. The command is **AT+DATAUP.**
525 )))
526
527 (((
528 (% style="color:#037691" %)**Examples: AT+DATAUP=0**
529 )))
530
531 (((
532 Compose the uplink payload with value returns in sequence and send with (% style="color:red" %)**A SIGNLE UPLINK**.
533 )))
534
535 (((
536 Final Payload is
537 )))
538
539 (((
540 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Battery Info+PAYVER + VALID Value from RETURN1 + Valid Value from RETURN2 + … + RETURNx**
541 )))
542
543 (((
544 Where PAYVER is defined by AT+PAYVER, below is an example screen shot.
545 )))
546
547 [[image:1653272787040-634.png||height="515" width="719"]]
548
549
550
551 (((
552 (% style="color:#037691" %)**Examples: AT+DATAUP=1**
553
554
555 )))
556
557 (((
558 Compose the uplink payload with value returns in sequence and send with (% style="color:red" %)**Multiply UPLINKs**.
559 )))
560
561 (((
562 Final Payload is
563 )))
564
565 (((
566 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Battery Info+PAYVER + PAYLOAD COUNT + PAYLOAD# + DATA**
567 )))
568
569 1. (((
570 Battery Info (2 bytes): Battery voltage
571 )))
572 1. (((
573 PAYVER (1 byte): Defined by AT+PAYVER
574 )))
575 1. (((
576 PAYLOAD COUNT (1 byte): Total how many uplinks of this sampling.
577 )))
578 1. (((
579 PAYLOAD# (1 byte): Number of this uplink. (from 0,1,2,3…,to PAYLOAD COUNT)
580 )))
581 1. (((
582 DATA: Valid value: max 6 bytes(US915 version here, Notice*!) for each uplink so each uplink <= 11 bytes. For the last uplink, DATA will might less than 6 bytes
583 )))
584
585 [[image:1653272817147-600.png||height="437" width="717"]]
586
587 So totally there will be 3 uplinks for this sampling, each uplink includes 6 bytes DATA
588
589
590 DATA1=RETURN1 Valid Value = (% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white" %) 20 20 0a 33 90 41
591
592 DATA2=1^^st^^ ~~ 6^^th^^ byte of Valid value of RETURN10= (% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white" %)02 aa 05 81 0a 20
593
594 DATA3=7^^th^^ ~~ 11^^th^^ bytes of Valid value of RETURN10 =(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white" %) 20 20 20 2d 30
595
596
597 Below are the uplink payloads:
598
599 [[image:1653272901032-107.png]]
600
601
602 (% style="color:red" %)Notice: the Max bytes is according to the max support bytes in different Frequency Bands for lowest SF. As below:
603
604 ~* For AU915/AS923 bands, if UplinkDwell time=0, max 51 bytes for each uplink ( so 51 -5 = 46 max valid date)
605
606 * For AU915/AS923 bands, if UplinkDwell time=1, max 11 bytes for each uplink ( so 11 -5 = 6 max valid date).
607
608 * For US915 band, max 11 bytes for each uplink ( so 11 -5 = 6 max valid date).
609
610 ~* For all other bands: max 51 bytes for each uplink  ( so 51 -5 = 46 max valid date).
611
612
613
614 === 3.3.5 Uplink on demand ===
615
616 (((
617 Except uplink periodically, RS485-BL is able to uplink on demand. The server sends downlink command to RS485-BL and RS485 will uplink data base on the command.
618 )))
619
620 (((
621 Downlink control command:
622 )))
623
624 (((
625 **0x08 command**: Poll an uplink with current command set in RS485-BL.
626 )))
627
628 (((
629 **0xA8 command**: Send a command to RS485-BL and uplink the output from sensors.
630
631
632 )))
633
634 === 3.3.6 Uplink on Interrupt ===
635
636 Put the interrupt sensor between 3.3v_out and GPIO ext.
637
638 [[image:1653273818896-432.png]]
639
640
641 (((
642 AT+INTMOD=0  Disable Interrupt
643 )))
644
645 (((
646 AT+INTMOD=1  Interrupt trigger by rising or falling edge.
647 )))
648
649 (((
650 AT+INTMOD=2  Interrupt trigger by falling edge. ( Default Value)
651 )))
652
653 (((
654 AT+INTMOD=3  Interrupt trigger by rising edge.
655
656
657 )))
658
659 == 3.4 Uplink Payload ==
660
661 (% border="1" style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:850px" %)
662 |**Size(bytes)**|(% style="width:130px" %)**2**|(% style="width:93px" %)**1**|(% style="width:509px" %)**Length depends on the return from the commands**
663 |Value|(% style="width:130px" %)(((
664 (((
665 Battery(mV)
666 )))
667
668 (((
669 &
670 )))
671
672 (((
673 Interrupt _Flag
674 )))
675 )))|(% style="width:93px" %)(((
676 PAYLOAD_VER
677
678
679 )))|(% style="width:509px" %)If the valid payload is too long and exceed the maximum support payload length in server, server will show payload not provided in the LoRaWAN server.
680
681 Below is the decoder for the first 3 bytes. The rest bytes are dynamic depends on different RS485 sensors.
682
683 (((
684 {{{function Decoder(bytes, port) {}}}
685 )))
686
687 (((
688 {{{//Payload Formats of RS485-BL Deceive}}}
689 )))
690
691 (((
692 {{{return {}}}
693 )))
694
695 (((
696 {{{ //Battery,units:V}}}
697 )))
698
699 (((
700 {{{ BatV:((bytes[0]<<8 | bytes[1])&0x7fff)/1000,}}}
701 )))
702
703 (((
704 {{{ //GPIO_EXTI }}}
705 )))
706
707 (((
708 {{{ EXTI_Trigger:(bytes[0] & 0x80)? "TRUE":"FALSE",}}}
709 )))
710
711 (((
712 {{{ //payload of version}}}
713 )))
714
715 (((
716 {{{ Pay_ver:bytes[2],}}}
717 )))
718
719 (((
720 {{{ }; }}}
721 )))
722
723 (((
724 }
725
726
727 )))
728
729 (((
730 TTN V3 uplink screen shot.
731 )))
732
733 [[image:1653274001211-372.png||height="192" width="732"]]
734
735
736 == 3.5 Configure RS485-BL via AT or Downlink ==
737
738 User can configure RS485-BL via AT Commands or LoRaWAN Downlink Commands
739
740 There are two kinds of Commands:
741
742 * (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Common Commands**(%%): They should be available for each sensor, such as: change uplink interval, reset device. For firmware v1.3, user can find what common commands it supports: [[End Device AT Commands and Downlink Command>>doc:Main.End Device AT Commands and Downlink Command.WebHome]]
743
744 * (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Sensor Related Commands**(%%): These commands are special designed for RS485-BL.  User can see these commands below:
745
746
747 === 3.5.1 Common Commands: ===
748
749 They should be available for each of Dragino Sensors, such as: change uplink interval, reset device. For firmware v1.3, user can find what common commands it supports: [[End Device AT Commands and Downlink Command>>doc:Main.End Device AT Commands and Downlink Command.WebHome]]
750
751
752 === 3.5.2 Sensor related commands: ===
753
754 ==== ====
755
756 ==== **Choose Device Type (RS485 or TTL)** ====
757
758 RS485-BL can connect to either RS485 sensors or TTL sensor. User need to specify what type of sensor need to connect.
759
760 * **AT Command**
761
762 (% class="box infomessage" %)
763 (((
764 **AT+MOD=1** ~/~/ Set to support RS485-MODBUS type sensors. User can connect multiply RS485 , Modbus sensors to the A / B pins.
765 )))
766
767 (% class="box infomessage" %)
768 (((
769 **AT+MOD=2** ~/~/ Set to support TTL Level sensors, User can connect one TTL Sensor to the TXD/RXD/GND pins.
770 )))
771
772
773 * **Downlink Payload**
774
775 **0A aa**  ~-~->  same as AT+MOD=aa
776
777
778
779 ==== **RS485 Debug Command (AT+CFGDEV)** ====
780
781 This command is used to configure the RS485 or TTL sensors; they won’t be used during sampling.
782
783 * **AT Command**
784
785 (% class="box infomessage" %)
786 (((
787 **AT+CFGDEV=xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx,m**
788 )))
789
790 m: 0: no CRC; 1: add CRC-16/MODBUS in the end of this command.
791
792
793 * **Downlink Payload**
794
795 Format: A8 MM NN XX XX XX XX YY
796
797 Where:
798
799 * MM: 1: add CRC-16/MODBUS ; 0: no CRC
800 * NN: The length of RS485 command
801 * XX XX XX XX: RS485 command total NN bytes
802 * YY: How many bytes will be uplink from the return of this RS485 command, if YY=0, RS485-BL will execute the downlink command without uplink; if YY>0, RS485-BL will uplink total YY bytes from the output of this RS485 command
803
804 **Example 1:**
805
806 To connect a Modbus Alarm with below commands.
807
808 * The command to active alarm is: 0A 05 00 04 00 01 **4C B0**. Where 0A 05 00 04 00 01 is the Modbus command to read the register 00 40 where stored the DI status. The 4C B0 is the CRC-16/MODBUS which calculate manually.
809
810 * The command to deactivate alarm is: 0A 05 00 04 00 00 **8D 70**. Where 0A 05 00 04 00 00 is the Modbus command to read the register 00 40 where stored the DI status. The 8D 70 is the CRC-16/MODBUS which calculate manually.
811
812 So if user want to use downlink command to control to RS485 Alarm, he can use:
813
814 (% style="color:#037691" %)**A8 01 06 0A 05 00 04 00 01 00**(%%): to activate the RS485 Alarm
815
816 (% style="color:#037691" %)**A8 01 06 0A 05 00 04 00 00 00**(%%): to deactivate the RS485 Alarm
817
818 A8 is type code and 01 means add CRC-16/MODBUS at the end, the 3^^rd^^ byte is 06, means the next 6 bytes are the command to be sent to the RS485 network, the final byte 00 means this command don’t need to acquire output.
819
820
821 **Example 2:**
822
823 Check TTL Sensor return:
824
825 [[image:1654132684752-193.png]]
826
827
828
829 ==== **Set Payload version** ====
830
831 This is the first byte of the uplink payload. RS485-BL can connect to different sensors. User can set the PAYVER field to tell server how to decode the current payload.
832
833 * **AT Command:**
834
835 (% class="box infomessage" %)
836 (((
837 **AT+PAYVER: Set PAYVER field = 1**
838 )))
839
840
841 * **Downlink Payload:**
842
843 **0xAE 01**  ~-~-> Set PAYVER field =  0x01
844
845 **0xAE 0F**   ~-~-> Set PAYVER field =  0x0F
846
847
848
849 ==== **Set RS485 Sampling Commands** ====
850
851 AT+COMMANDx, AT+DATACUTx and AT+SEARCHx
852
853 These three commands are used to configure how the RS485-BL polling data from Modbus device. Detail of usage please see : [[polling RS485 device>>||anchor="H3.3.3Configurereadcommandsforeachsampling"]].
854
855
856 * AT Command:
857
858 AT+COMMANDx: Configure RS485 read command to sensor.
859
860 AT+DATACUTx: Configure how to handle return from RS485 devices.
861
862 AT+SEARCHx: Configure search command
863
864
865 * Downlink Payload:
866
867 0xAF downlink command can be used to set AT+COMMANDx or AT+DATACUTx.
868
869 Note: if user use AT+COMMANDx to add a new command, he also need to send AT+DATACUTx downlink.
870
871 Format: AF MM NN LL XX XX XX XX YY
872
873 Where:
874
875 * MM: the ATCOMMAND or AT+DATACUT to be set. Value from 01 ~~ 0F,
876 * NN: 0: no CRC; 1: add CRC-16/MODBUS ; 2: set the AT+DATACUT value.
877 * LL: The length of AT+COMMAND or AT+DATACUT command
878 * XX XX XX XX: AT+COMMAND or AT+DATACUT command
879 * YY: If YY=0, RS485-BL will execute the downlink command without uplink; if YY=1, RS485-BL will execute an uplink after got this command.
880
881 Example:
882
883 **AF 03 01 06 0A 05 00 04 00 01 00**: Same as AT+COMMAND3=0A 05 00 04 00 01,1
884
885 **AF 03 02 06 10 01 05 06 09 0A 00**: Same as AT+DATACUT3=**16**,**1**,**5+6+9+10**
886
887 **AF 03 02 06 0B 02 05 07 08 0A 00**: Same as AT+DATACUT3=**11**,**2**,**5~~7+8~~10**
888
889
890 0xAB downlink command can be used for set AT+SEARCHx
891
892 Example: **AB aa 01 03 xx xx xx** (03 here means there are total 3 bytes after 03) So
893
894 * AB aa 01 03 xx xx xx  same as AT+SEARCHaa=1,xx xx xx
895 * AB aa 02 03 xx xx xx 02 yy yy(03 means there are 3 bytes after 03, they are xx xx xx;02 means there are 2 bytes after 02, they are yy yy) so the commands
896
897 **AB aa 02 03 xx xx xx 02 yy yy**  same as **AT+SEARCHaa=2,xx xx xx+yy yy**
898
899
900 ==== Fast command to handle MODBUS device ====
901
902 AT+MBFUN is valid since v1.3 firmware version. The command is for fast configure to read Modbus devices. It is only valid for the devices which follow the [[MODBUS-RTU protocol>>url:https://www.modbustools.com/modbus.html]].
903
904 This command is valid since v1.3 firmware version
905
906
907 AT+MBFUN has only two value:
908
909 * AT+MBFUN=1: Enable Modbus reading. And get response base on the MODBUS return
910
911 AT+MBFUN=1, device can auto read the Modbus function code: 01, 02, 03 or 04. AT+MBFUN has lower priority vs AT+DATACUT command. If AT+DATACUT command is configured, AT+MBFUN will be ignore.
912
913 * AT+MBFUN=0: Disable Modbus fast reading.
914
915 Example:
916
917 * AT+MBFUN=1 and AT+DATACUT1/AT+DATACUT2 are not configure (0,0,0).
918 * AT+COMMAND1= 01 03 00 10 00 08,1 ~-~-> read slave address 01 , function code 03, start address 00 01, quantity of registers 00 08.
919 * AT+COMMAND2= 01 02 00 40 00 10,1 ~-~-> read slave address 01 , function code 02, start address 00 40, quantity of inputs 00 10.
920
921 [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image025.png]]
922
923
924 [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image026.png]]
925
926
927 * Downlink Commands:
928
929 A9 aa -à Same as AT+MBFUN=aa
930
931
932 ==== RS485 command timeout ====
933
934 Some Modbus device has slow action to send replies. This command is used to configure the RS485-BL to use longer time to wait for their action.
935
936 Default value: 0, range:  0 ~~ 5 seconds
937
938
939 * AT Command:
940
941 AT+CMDDLaa=hex(bb cc)
942
943 Example:
944
945 **AT+CMDDL1=1000** to send the open time to 1000ms
946
947
948 * Downlink Payload:
949
950 0x AA aa bb cc
951
952 Same as: AT+CMDDLaa=hex(bb cc)
953
954 Example:
955
956 0xAA 01 03 E8  à Same as **AT+CMDDL1=1000 ms**
957
958
959 ==== [[Uplink>>path:#downlink_A8]] payload mode ====
960
961 Define to use one uplink or multiple uplinks for the sampling.
962
963 The use of this command please see: [[Compose Uplink payload>>path:#DataUP]]
964
965 * AT Command:
966
967 AT+DATAUP=0
968
969 AT+DATAUP=1
970
971
972 * Downlink Payload:
973
974 0xAD 00   à Same as AT+DATAUP=0
975
976 0xAD 01   à Same as AT+DATAUP=1
977
978
979 ==== Manually trigger an Uplink ====
980
981 Ask device to send an uplink immediately.
982
983 * Downlink Payload:
984
985 0x08 FF, RS485-BL will immediately send an uplink.
986
987
988 ==== Clear RS485 Command ====
989
990 The AT+COMMANDx and AT+DATACUTx settings are stored in special location, user can use below command to clear them.
991
992
993 * AT Command:
994
995 **AT+CMDEAR=mm,nn**   mm: start position of erase ,nn: stop position of erase
996
997 Etc. AT+CMDEAR=1,10 means erase AT+COMMAND1/AT+DATACUT1 to AT+COMMAND10/AT+DATACUT10
998
999 Example screen shot after clear all RS485 commands. 
1000
1001
1002
1003 The uplink screen shot is:
1004
1005 [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image023.png]]
1006
1007
1008 * Downlink Payload:
1009
1010 0x09 aa bb same as AT+CMDEAR=aa,bb
1011
1012
1013 ==== Set Serial Communication Parameters ====
1014
1015 Set the Rs485 serial communication parameters:
1016
1017 * AT Command:
1018
1019 Set Baud Rate:
1020
1021 AT+BAUDR=9600    ~/~/ Options: (1200,2400,4800,14400,19200,115200)
1022
1023
1024 Set UART parity
1025
1026 AT+PARITY=0    ~/~/ Option: 0: no parity, 1: odd parity, 2: even parity
1027
1028
1029 Set STOPBIT
1030
1031 AT+STOPBIT=0    ~/~/ Option: 0 for 1bit; 1 for 1.5 bit ; 2 for 2 bits
1032
1033
1034 * Downlink Payload:
1035
1036 A7 01 aa bb: Same  AT+BAUDR=hex(aa bb)*100
1037
1038 Example:
1039
1040 * A7 01 00 60   same as AT+BAUDR=9600
1041 * A7 01 04 80  same as AT+BAUDR=115200
1042
1043 A7 02 aa: Same as  AT+PARITY=aa  (aa value: 00 , 01 or 02)
1044
1045 A7 03 aa: Same as  AT+STOPBIT=aa  (aa value: 00 , 01 or 02)
1046
1047
1048 ==== Control output power duration ====
1049
1050 User can set the output power duration before each sampling.
1051
1052 * AT Command:
1053
1054 Example:
1055
1056 AT+3V3T=1000 ~/~/ 3V3 output power will open 1s before each sampling.
1057
1058 AT+5VT=1000 ~/~/ +5V output power will open 1s before each sampling.
1059
1060
1061 * LoRaWAN Downlink Command:
1062
1063 07 01 aa bb  Same as AT+5VT=(aa bb)
1064
1065 07 02 aa bb  Same as AT+3V3T=(aa bb)
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070 1.
1071 11. Buttons
1072
1073 |**Button**|**Feature**
1074 |**RST**|Reboot RS485-BL
1075
1076 1.
1077 11. +3V3 Output
1078
1079 RS485-BL has a Controllable +3V3 output, user can use this output to power external sensor.
1080
1081 The +3V3 output will be valid for every sampling. RS485-BL will enable +3V3 output before all sampling and disable the +3V3 after all sampling. 
1082
1083
1084 The +3V3 output time can be controlled by AT Command.
1085
1086 **AT+3V3T=1000**
1087
1088 Means set +3v3 valid time to have 1000ms. So, the real +3v3 output will actually have 1000ms + sampling time for other sensors.
1089
1090
1091 By default, the AT+3V3T=0. This is a special case, means the +3V3 output is always on at any time
1092
1093
1094 1.
1095 11. +5V Output
1096
1097 RS485-BL has a Controllable +5V output, user can use this output to power external sensor.
1098
1099 The +5V output will be valid for every sampling. RS485-BL will enable +5V output before all sampling and disable the +5v after all sampling. 
1100
1101
1102 The 5V output time can be controlled by AT Command.
1103
1104 **AT+5VT=1000**
1105
1106 Means set 5V valid time to have 1000ms. So, the real 5V output will actually have 1000ms + sampling time for other sensors.
1107
1108
1109 By default, the AT+5VT=0. If the external sensor which require 5v and require more time to get stable state, user can use this command to increase the power ON duration for this sensor.
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114 1.
1115 11. LEDs
1116
1117 |**LEDs**|**Feature**
1118 |**LED1**|Blink when device transmit a packet.
1119
1120 1.
1121 11. Switch Jumper
1122
1123 |**Switch Jumper**|**Feature**
1124 |**SW1**|(((
1125 ISP position: Upgrade firmware via UART
1126
1127 Flash position: Configure device, check running status.
1128 )))
1129 |**SW2**|(((
1130 5V position: set to compatible with 5v I/O.
1131
1132 3.3v position: set to compatible with 3.3v I/O.,
1133 )))
1134
1135 +3.3V: is always ON
1136
1137 +5V: Only open before every sampling. The time is by default, it is AT+5VT=0.  Max open time. 5000 ms.
1138
1139 1. Case Study
1140
1141 User can check this URL for some case studies.
1142
1143 [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=APP_RS485_COMMUNICATE_WITH_SENSORS>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=APP_RS485_COMMUNICATE_WITH_SENSORS]]
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148 1. Use AT Command
1149 11. Access AT Command
1150
1151 RS485-BL supports AT Command set. User can use a USB to TTL adapter plus the 3.5mm Program Cable to connect to RS485-BL to use AT command, as below.
1152
1153 [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.png]]
1154
1155
1156 In PC, User needs to set **serial tool**(such as [[putty>>url:https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/latest.html]], SecureCRT) baud rate to **9600** to access to access serial console of RS485-BL. The default password is 123456. Below is the output for reference:
1157
1158 [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image028.png]]
1159
1160
1161
1162 More detail AT Command manual can be found at [[AT Command Manual>>path:#AT_COMMAND]]
1163
1164
1165
1166 1.
1167 11. Common AT Command Sequence
1168 111. Multi-channel ABP mode (Use with SX1301/LG308)
1169
1170 If device has not joined network yet:
1171
1172 AT+FDR
1173
1174 AT+NJM=0
1175
1176 ATZ
1177
1178
1179 If device already joined network:
1180
1181 AT+NJM=0
1182
1183 ATZ
1184
1185 1.
1186 11.
1187 111. Single-channel ABP mode (Use with LG01/LG02)
1188
1189 AT+FDR   Reset Parameters to Factory Default, Keys Reserve
1190
1191 AT+NJM=0 Set to ABP mode
1192
1193 AT+ADR=0 Set the Adaptive Data Rate Off
1194
1195 AT+DR=5  Set Data Rate
1196
1197 AT+TDC=60000  Set transmit interval to 60 seconds
1198
1199 AT+CHS=868400000 Set transmit frequency to 868.4Mhz
1200
1201 AT+RX2FQ=868400000 Set RX2Frequency to 868.4Mhz (according to the result from server)
1202
1203 AT+RX2DR=5  Set RX2DR to match the downlink DR from server. see below
1204
1205 AT+DADDR=26 01 1A F1 Set Device Address to 26 01 1A F1, this ID can be found in the LoRa Server portal.
1206
1207 ATZ          Reset MCU
1208
1209 **Note:**
1210
1211 1. Make sure the device is set to ABP mode in the IoT Server.
1212 1. Make sure the LG01/02 gateway RX frequency is exactly the same as AT+CHS setting.
1213 1. Make sure SF / bandwidth setting in LG01/LG02 match the settings of AT+DR. refer [[this link>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/&file=LoRaWAN%201.0.3%20Regional%20Parameters.xlsx]] to see what DR means.
1214 1. The command AT+RX2FQ and AT+RX2DR is to let downlink work. to set the correct parameters, user can check the actually downlink parameters to be used. As below. Which shows the RX2FQ should use 868400000 and RX2DR should be 5
1215
1216 [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image029.png]]
1217
1218
1219 1. FAQ
1220 11. How to upgrade the image?
1221
1222 The RS485-BL LoRaWAN Controller is shipped with a 3.5mm cable, the cable is used to upload image to RS485-BL to:
1223
1224 * Support new features
1225 * For bug fix
1226 * Change LoRaWAN bands.
1227
1228 Below shows the hardware connection for how to upload an image to RS485-BL:
1229
1230 [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image030.png]]
1231
1232 **Step1:** Download [[flash loader>>url:https://www.st.com/content/st_com/en/products/development-tools/software-development-tools/stm32-software-development-tools/stm32-programmers/flasher-stm32.html]].
1233
1234 **Step2**: Download the [[LT Image files>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LT_LoRa_IO_Controller/LT33222-L/image/]].
1235
1236 **Step3: **Open flashloader; choose the correct COM port to update.
1237
1238
1239 |(((
1240 HOLD PRO then press the RST button, SYS will be ON, then click next
1241 )))
1242
1243 |(((
1244 Board detected
1245 )))
1246
1247 |(((
1248
1249 )))
1250
1251 [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image031.png]] [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image032.png]]
1252
1253
1254
1255 [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image033.png]] [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image034.png]]
1256
1257
1258 [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image035.png]] [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image036.png]]
1259
1260
1261 1.
1262 11. How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region?
1263
1264 User can follow the introduction for [[how to upgrade image>>path:#upgrade_image]]. When download the images, choose the required image file for download.
1265
1266
1267
1268 1.
1269 11. How many RS485-Slave can RS485-BL connects?
1270
1271 The RS485-BL can support max 32 RS485 devices. Each uplink command of RS485-BL can support max 16 different RS485 command. So RS485-BL can support max 16 RS485 devices pre-program in the device for uplink. For other devices no pre-program, user can use the [[downlink message (type code 0xA8) to poll their info>>path:#downlink_A8]].
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276 1. Trouble Shooting     
1277 11. Downlink doesn’t work, how to solve it?
1278
1279 Please see this link for debug:
1280
1281 [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Main_Page#LoRaWAN_Communication_Debug>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Main_Page#LoRaWAN_Communication_Debug]] 
1282
1283
1284
1285 1.
1286 11. Why I can’t join TTN V3 in US915 /AU915 bands?
1287
1288 It might about the channels mapping. Please see for detail.
1289
1290 [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=LoRaWAN_Communication_Debug#Notice_of_US915.2FCN470.2FAU915_Frequency_band>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=LoRaWAN_Communication_Debug#Notice_of_US915.2FCN470.2FAU915_Frequency_band]]
1291
1292
1293
1294 1. Order Info
1295
1296 **Part Number: RS485-BL-XXX**
1297
1298 **XXX:**
1299
1300 * **EU433**: frequency bands EU433
1301 * **EU868**: frequency bands EU868
1302 * **KR920**: frequency bands KR920
1303 * **CN470**: frequency bands CN470
1304 * **AS923**: frequency bands AS923
1305 * **AU915**: frequency bands AU915
1306 * **US915**: frequency bands US915
1307 * **IN865**: frequency bands IN865
1308 * **RU864**: frequency bands RU864
1309 * **KZ865: **frequency bands KZ865
1310
1311 1. Packing Info
1312
1313 **Package Includes**:
1314
1315 * RS485-BL x 1
1316 * Stick Antenna for LoRa RF part x 1
1317 * Program cable x 1
1318
1319 **Dimension and weight**:
1320
1321 * Device Size: 13.5 x 7 x 3 cm
1322 * Device Weight: 105g
1323 * Package Size / pcs : 14.5 x 8 x 5 cm
1324 * Weight / pcs : 170g
1325
1326 1. Support
1327
1328 * Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8. Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before-mentioned schedule.
1329 * Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to
1330
1331 [[support@dragino.com>>url:file:///D:/市场资料/说明书/LoRa/LT系列/support@dragino.com]]