Changes for page TrackerD -- LoRaWAN Tracker User Manual
Last modified by Xiaoling on 2025/04/27 16:48
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... ... @@ -7,9 +7,10 @@ 7 7 8 8 = 1. Introduction = 9 9 10 -== 1.1 OverView == 11 11 11 +== 1.1 What is TrackerD == 12 12 13 + 13 13 ((( 14 14 TrackerD is an (% style="color:blue" %)**Open Source LoRaWAN Tracker**(%%) based on (% style="color:blue" %)**ESP32 MCU**(%%) and (% style="color:blue" %)**Semtech LoRa Wireless Chip**. 15 15 ))) ... ... @@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ 34 34 (% style="color:red" %)**Note: LoRaWAN server can be a general LoRaWAN server other than TTN.** 35 35 36 36 38 + 37 37 == 1.2 Specifications == 38 38 39 39 ... ... @@ -48,13 +48,11 @@ 48 48 * EEPROM: 520 KB 49 49 * Clock Speed: 32Mhz 50 50 51 - 52 52 (% style="color:blue" %)**Common DC Characteristics:** 53 53 54 54 * Supply Voltage: 5V via USB port or Internal li-on battery 55 55 * Operating Temperature: -40 ~~ 60°C 56 56 57 - 58 58 (% style="color:blue" %)**LoRa Spec:** 59 59 60 60 * Frequency Range, ... ... @@ -76,12 +76,10 @@ 76 76 * Packet engine up to 256 bytes with CRC. 77 77 * LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Specification 78 78 79 - 80 80 (% style="color:blue" %)**Battery:** 81 81 82 82 * 1000mA Li-on Battery power (for model TrackerD) 83 83 84 - 85 85 (% style="color:blue" %)**Power Consumption** 86 86 87 87 * Sleeping Mode: 200uA ... ... @@ -90,7 +90,6 @@ 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 - 94 94 == 1.3 Features == 95 95 96 96 ... ... @@ -110,7 +110,6 @@ 110 110 * Datalog 111 111 112 112 113 - 114 114 == 1.4 Applications == 115 115 116 116 ... ... @@ -119,30 +119,34 @@ 119 119 120 120 121 121 118 += 2.1 Use TrackerD = 122 122 123 -1. Use TrackerD 124 -11. How it works? 125 125 121 +== 2.1 How it works? == 126 126 123 + 127 127 TrackerD is configured as LoRaWAN OTAA Class A GPS tracker by default. It has OTAA keys to join LoRaWAN network. To connect a LoRaWAN network, user need to input the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN IoT server and push reset button of TrackerD (next to USB port). TrackerD will wake up and auto join the network via OTAA. 128 128 129 129 130 -1. 131 -11. Quick guide to connect to LoRaWAN server 132 132 133 - Hereisanexample for how to jointhe[[TTNv3 LoRaWAN Network>>url:https://eu1.cloud.thethings.network]].Below isthe networkstructure, we useLPS8N as LoRaWANgateway in thisxample.128 +== 2.2 Quick guide to connect to LoRaWAN server == 134 134 135 135 136 - [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.png]]131 +Here is an example for how to join the [[TTNv3 LoRaWAN Network>>url:https://eu1.cloud.thethings.network]]. Below is the network structure, we use LPS8N as LoRaWAN gateway in this example. 137 137 138 138 134 +[[image:1664501652064-326.png]] 135 + 136 + 137 + 139 139 The LPS8N is already set to connect to [[TTN V3 network >>url:https://eu1.cloud.thethings.network/]]. What the rest need to is register this device in TTN V3: 140 140 141 -**Step 1**: Create a device in TTN V3 with the OTAA keys from TrackerD. 142 142 141 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1**:(%%) Create a device in TTN V3 with the OTAA keys from TrackerD. 142 + 143 143 Each TrackerD is shipped with a sticker with the default device EUI as below: 144 144 145 -[[image: file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.png]]145 +[[image:1664501677253-891.png]] 146 146 147 147 148 148 ... ... @@ -150,32 +150,36 @@ 150 150 Input these keys to their LoRaWAN Server portal. Below is TTN V3 screen shot: 151 151 152 152 153 -Add APP EUI in the application 153 +**__Add APP EUI in the application:__** 154 154 155 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.png]] 156 156 157 -[[image: file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.png]]156 +[[image:1664501711466-918.png]] 158 158 159 159 160 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.png]] 161 161 160 +[[image:1664501721248-725.png]] 162 162 163 163 164 - Add APP KEYand DEV EUI163 +[[image:1664501734705-405.png]] 165 165 166 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.png]] 167 167 168 168 167 +**__Add APP KEY and DEV EUI:__** 169 169 170 170 171 - **Step 2**: Power on TrackerD by usingtheon board switch.170 +[[image:1664501784668-703.png]] 172 172 173 173 174 -**Step 3:** TrackerD will auto join to the LoRaWAN network. After join success, TrackerD will start to upload message to IoT server. 175 175 176 176 177 -**Po sitioningMode(SMOD):**175 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2**:(%%) Power on TrackerD by using the on board switch. 178 178 177 + 178 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 3:**(%%) TrackerD will auto join to the LoRaWAN network. After join success, TrackerD will start to upload message to IoT server. 179 + 180 + 181 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Positioning Mode(SMOD):** 182 + 179 179 * **GPS ONLY(Factory Settings): **only get GPS location info. 180 180 * **BLE ONLY: **Only obtain iBeacon info via BLE. Design for Indoor tracking. 181 181 * **GPS/BLE Hybrid: **Combination for Indoor and Outdoor tracking. ... ... @@ -183,61 +183,63 @@ 183 183 User can switch modes by [[changing SMOD>>path:#Positioning_Mode]]. 184 184 185 185 186 -1. 187 -11. Uplink Payload ~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~- 188 188 191 +== 2.3 Uplink Payload ~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~- == 189 189 190 -1. 191 -11. 192 -111. Uplink FPORT=5, Device Status 193 193 194 +=== 2.3.1 Uplink FPORT~=5, Device Status === 194 194 195 195 196 -1. 197 -11. 198 -111. Uplink FPORT= , Realtime GNSS Positioning 199 199 200 - Thedefaultuplinkpayload includes totally 11 bytes. (User can use AT+MOD=0toenablethe Temperature and humidity sensor to hum/teminfofrom accelerometer. When accelerometerinfois enable, total payload will be 15 bytes, pleasenote15bytes won’t work on DR0 on US915/AU915 frequency band. )198 +=== 2.3.2 Uplink FPORT~= , Realtime GNSS Positioning === 201 201 202 202 203 -|((( 201 +The default uplink payload includes totally 11 bytes. (User can use AT+MOD=0 to enable the Temperature and humidity sensor to hum/tem info from accelerometer. When accelerometer info is enable, total payload will be 15 bytes, please note 15 bytes won't work on DR0 on US915/AU915 frequency band. ) 202 + 203 + 204 +(% border="2" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:537px" %) 205 +|(% style="width:69px" %)((( 204 204 **Size** 205 205 206 206 **(bytes)** 207 -)))|4|4|2|1|((( 209 +)))|(% style="width:76px" %)4|(% style="width:87px" %)4|(% style="width:76px" %)2|(% style="width:52px" %)1|(% style="width:88px" %)((( 208 208 2 209 209 210 210 (optional ) 211 -)))|((( 213 +)))|(% style="width:83px" %)((( 212 212 2 213 213 214 214 (optional) 215 215 ))) 216 -|**Value**|[[Latitude>>path:#Location]]|[[Longitude>>path:#Location]]|((( 218 +|(% style="width:69px" %)**Value**|(% style="width:76px" %)[[Latitude>>path:#Location]]|(% style="width:87px" %)[[Longitude>>path:#Location]]|(% style="width:76px" %)((( 217 217 [[Alarm &>>path:#Alarm]] 218 218 219 219 [[BAT>>path:#Alarm]] 220 -)))|[[FLAG>>path:#Flag]]|Hum|[[Tem>>path:#Pitch]] 222 +)))|(% style="width:52px" %)[[FLAG>>path:#Flag]]|(% style="width:88px" %)Hum|(% style="width:83px" %)[[Tem>>path:#Pitch]] 221 221 222 222 223 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.png]] 224 224 226 +[[image:1664501958445-288.png]] 225 225 228 + 226 226 **Alarm & BAT:** 227 227 228 -|**Size(bit)**|1 bit|1bit|14 bits 229 -|**Value**|reserve|Alarm Indicate|[[BAT>>path:#BAT]] 231 +(% border="2" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:329px" %) 232 +|(% style="width:72px" %)**Size(bit)**|(% style="width:67px" %)1 bit|(% style="width:118px" %)1bit|(% style="width:63px" %)14 bits 233 +|(% style="width:72px" %)**Value**|(% style="width:67px" %)reserve|(% style="width:118px" %)Alarm Indicate|(% style="width:63px" %)[[BAT>>path:#BAT]] 230 230 231 -**FLAG:** 232 232 233 -|**Size(bit)**|2 bits|1bit|5 bits 234 -|**Value**|[[MOD>>path:#MD]]|[[LON>>path:#LON]]|Firmware version 235 235 237 +**FLAG:** 236 236 239 +(% border="2" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:332px" %) 240 +|(% style="width:79px" %)**Size(bit)**|(% style="width:55px" %)2 bits|(% style="width:47px" %)1bit|(% style="width:140px" %)5 bits 241 +|(% style="width:79px" %)**Value**|(% style="width:55px" %)[[MOD>>path:#MD]]|(% style="width:47px" %)[[LON>>path:#LON]]|(% style="width:140px" %)Firmware version 237 237 238 -**Example: Payload: 0x02863D68 FAC29BAF 4B45 60 0202 011A ** 239 239 244 +**Example: Payload: 0x02863D68 FAC29BAF 4B45 60 0202 011A ** 240 240 246 + 241 241 **Location info:** 242 242 243 243 * Latitude: 02863D68⇒ //if (0x//02863D68//& 0x80000000 = 0 )~:// ... ... @@ -244,27 +244,33 @@ 244 244 245 245 //value = 02863D68 /1000000 = 42.351976// 246 246 247 -* Longitude: FAC29BAF ⇒ //if (0x//FAC29BAF// 253 +* Longitude: FAC29BAF ⇒ //if (0x//FAC29BAF// & 0x80000000 = 1 )~:// 248 248 249 -//value = (0x//FAC29BAF// 255 +//value = (0x//FAC29BAF// – 0x 100000000)/1000000 =//-87.9094//57// 250 250 251 251 252 -Important note: 258 +**Important note:** 253 253 254 -1. When power is low (<2.84v), GPS won’t be able to get location info and GPS feature will be disabled and the location field will be filled with 0x0FFFFFFF, 0x0FFFFFFF. 255 -1. In firmware version v1.5, Roll & Pitch is disabled by default. 256 -1. When enable 9-axis motion sensor, the total payload will be 15 bytes, while US915/AU915 DR0 accept only 11 bytes payload. In this case, the payload on server will be ignore and shows as below: 260 +1. When power is low (<2.84v), GPS won't be able to get location info and GPS feature will be disabled and the location field will be filled with 0x0FFFFFFF, 0x0FFFFFFF. 257 257 258 - [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.png]]262 +2. In firmware version v1.5, Roll & Pitch is disabled by default. 259 259 264 +3. When enable 9-axis motion sensor, the total payload will be 15 bytes, while US915/AU915 DR0 accept only 11 bytes payload. In this case, the payload on server will be ignore and shows as below: 260 260 261 -1. While GPS can’t get location info after timeout(FTIME Parameter), the latitude and longitude will be filled with all 0x00: 262 262 263 -[[image: file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image009.png]]267 +[[image:1664502116362-706.png]] 264 264 265 -* **Alarm**: Example: 0x4B & 0x40 >> 6 = 0x01 266 -* **BAT**: Example: 0x0CDD & 0x3FFF ⇒ 3293 (mV). 267 267 270 + 271 +4. While GPS can't get location info after timeout(FTIME Parameter), the latitude and longitude will be filled with all 0x00: 272 + 273 +[[image:1664502166010-515.png]] 274 + 275 + 276 + 277 +* **Alarm**: Example: 0x4B & 0x40 >> 6 = 0x01 278 +* **BAT**: Example: 0x0CDD & 0x3FFF ⇒ 3293 (mV). 279 + 268 268 The battery info shows the current voltage, for **TrackerD** version which powered by li-on battery. User can use below mapping to indicate the battery in percentage: \ 269 269 270 270 ... ... @@ -275,11 +275,12 @@ 275 275 * < 3.39v: 0~~20% 276 276 277 277 290 + 278 278 * **LON: **Enable/Disable LED activity for uplink 279 279 280 -0x00: Disable LED indicator. 293 +0x00: Disable LED indicator. 281 281 282 -0x01: Enable LED indicator (Default Value) 295 +0x01: Enable LED indicator (Default Value) 283 283 284 284 285 285 * **Hum**: 0202 = //if (0x0202 & 0x8000 = 0 ): value =// 0x0202 / 100 = +514 ⇒ 51.4 degree ... ... @@ -287,94 +287,94 @@ 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 -1. 291 -11. 292 -111. Uplink FPORT= , History GNSS Positioning 293 293 294 294 305 +=== 2.3.3 Uplink FPORT~= , History GNSS Positioning === 295 295 296 -1. 297 -11. 298 -111. BLE positioning Payload(Fport=2) 299 299 308 + 309 +=== 2.3.4 BLE positioning Payload(Fport2) === 310 + 311 + 300 300 Different MODE has different payload: 301 301 302 302 **MODE=2** 303 303 304 -|((( 316 +(% border="2" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:620px" %) 317 +|(% style="width:70px" %)((( 305 305 **Size** 306 306 307 307 **(bytes)** 308 -)))|16|4|4|2|4|2|1 309 -|**Value**|[[UUID>>path:#Location]]|((( 321 +)))|(% style="width:54px" %)16|(% style="width:72px" %)4|(% style="width:71px" %)4|(% style="width:145px" %)2|(% style="width:72px" %)4|(% style="width:76px" %)2|(% style="width:54px" %)1 322 +|(% style="width:70px" %)**Value**|(% style="width:54px" %)[[UUID>>path:#Location]]|(% style="width:72px" %)((( 310 310 iBeacon 311 311 312 312 MAJOR 313 -)))|((( 326 +)))|(% style="width:71px" %)((( 314 314 iBeacon 315 315 316 316 MINOR 317 -)))|((( 330 +)))|(% style="width:145px" %)((( 318 318 iBeacon Measured 319 319 320 320 Power 321 -)))|((( 334 +)))|(% style="width:72px" %)((( 322 322 iBeacon 323 323 324 324 RSSI 325 -)))|((( 338 +)))|(% style="width:76px" %)((( 326 326 [[Alarm &>>path:#Alarm]] 327 327 328 328 [[BAT>>path:#Alarm]] 329 -)))|[[FLAG>>path:#Flag]] 342 +)))|(% style="width:54px" %)[[FLAG>>path:#Flag]] 330 330 344 +[[image:1664502425687-834.png]] 331 331 332 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.png]] 333 333 347 +* **BAT**: Ex1: 0x4B45 & 0x3FFF ⇒ 3901 (mV). 348 +* **MODE: **Define the payload format. 349 +* **UUID: **The uuid from the strongest iBeacon. 350 +* **MAJOR**: The MAJOR from the strongest iBeacon. 351 +* **MINOR**: The MAJOR from the strongest iBeacon. 352 +* **Measured** **Power**: The Measured Power from the strongest iBeacon. 353 +* **RSSI**: The RSSI from the strongest iBeacon. 334 334 335 -* **BAT**: Ex1: 0x4B45 & 0x3FFF ⇒ 3901 (mV). 336 -* **MODE: **Define the payload format. 337 -* **UUID: **The uuid from the strongest iBeacon. 338 -* **MAJOR**: The MAJOR from the strongest iBeacon. 339 -* **MINOR**: The MAJOR from the strongest iBeacon. 340 -* **Measured** **Power**: The Measured Power from the strongest iBeacon. 341 -* **RSSI**: The RSSI from the strongest iBeacon. 342 342 343 343 344 -1. 345 -11. 346 -111. Add Payload format in TTN V3 347 347 358 + 359 +=== 2.3.5 Add Payload format in TTN V3 === 360 + 361 + 348 348 In TTN V3, use can add a custom payload so it shows friendly. 349 349 350 350 In the page Applications ~-~-> Payload Formats ~-~-> Custom ~-~-> decoder 351 351 352 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image011.png]] 353 353 367 +[[image:1664502649601-895.png]] 368 + 354 354 Add the decoder from this link: 355 355 356 356 357 357 Save the change the uplink message will be parsed. As below: 358 358 359 -[[image: file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.png]]374 +[[image:1664502676891-606.png]] 360 360 361 361 362 362 378 +== 2.4 Integrate with Datacake == 363 363 364 364 365 -1. 366 -11. Integrate with Datacake 381 +After TrackerD sends data to LoRaWAN server such as TTN, use can pass the data to Datacake and plot out, currently only support GPS plot. 367 367 383 +Instruction is here: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Notes%20for%20Data%20Cake/#H7.Example~~-~~-AddTrackerDGPSTrackingInDataCake>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Notes%20for%20Data%20Cake/#H7.Example--AddTrackerDGPSTrackingInDataCake]] 368 368 369 -After TrackerD sends data to LoRaWAN server such as TTN, use can pass the data to Datacake and plot out, currently only support GPS plot. 370 370 371 - Instruction is here:[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Notes%20for%20Data%20Cake/#H7.Example~~-~~-AddTrackerDGPSTrackingInDataCake>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Notes%20for%20Data%20Cake/#H7.Example--AddTrackerDGPSTrackingInDataCake]]386 +[[image:1664502695771-538.png]] 372 372 373 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image013.png]] 374 374 375 375 376 -1. 377 -11. Integrate with Tago 390 +== 2.5 Integrate with Tago == 378 378 379 379 380 380 After TrackerD sends data to LoRaWAN server such as TTN, use can pass the data to Datacake and plot out, currently only support GPS plot. ... ... @@ -381,13 +381,12 @@ 381 381 382 382 Instruction is here: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Tago.IO/#H3.A0Example-CreateTrackerD2FLGT92positioningwidget>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Tago.IO/#H3.A0Example-CreateTrackerD2FLGT92positioningwidget]] 383 383 384 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image014.png]] 385 385 398 +[[image:1664502715371-321.png]] 386 386 387 387 388 388 389 -1. 390 -11. Alarm Mode 402 +== 2.6 Alarm Mode == 391 391 392 392 393 393 User can push the **RED button** by more than 5 seconds to enter Alarm Mode. ... ... @@ -404,38 +404,37 @@ 404 404 When exit alarm mode, **RED LED** will light up for 5 seconds, indicating that the alarm mode is exited. And the alert flag will be set to false. 405 405 406 406 407 -1. 408 -11. Sports Mode ~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-- 409 409 420 +== 2.7 Sports Mode ~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-- == 410 410 411 411 412 -1. 413 -11. LED Status 414 414 424 +== 2.8 LED Status == 415 415 416 -|**Event**|**Action**|**AT+LON to control on/off** 417 -|**Power On**|**BLUE, RED , Green** flash once|N/A 418 -|**Join request**|**Green** led fast blink once (200ms)|Yes 419 -|**Join Success**|**Green** led on 5 second|N/A 420 -|**Fixing Location**|**BLUE **blinks 200ms per second|Yes 421 -|**Fixed and uplink**|**GREEN **blinks twice (200ms per blink)|Yes 422 -|**Fail Fix and uplink**|**RED **blinks twice (200ms per blink)|Yes 423 -|**Enter Alarm mode**|**RED **on for 3 seconds|Yes 424 -|**Uplink under Alarm**|**RED **on for 1 second|Yes 425 -|**Exit Alarm**|**BLUE **led on 5 second|Yes 426 -|**Get Downlink**|**GREEN** led on 1 second|Yes 427 -|**Movement Detect**|**RED **on 500ms|N/A 428 428 427 +(% border="2" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:636px" %) 428 +|(% style="width:157px" %)**Event**|(% style="width:271px" %)**Action**|(% style="width:202px" %)**AT+LON to control on/off** 429 +|(% style="width:157px" %)**Power On**|(% style="width:271px" %)**BLUE, RED , Green** flash once|(% style="width:202px" %)N/A 430 +|(% style="width:157px" %)**Join request**|(% style="width:271px" %)**Green** led fast blink once (200ms)|(% style="width:202px" %)Yes 431 +|(% style="width:157px" %)**Join Success**|(% style="width:271px" %)**Green** led on 5 second|(% style="width:202px" %)N/A 432 +|(% style="width:157px" %)**Fixing Location**|(% style="width:271px" %)**BLUE **blinks 200ms per second|(% style="width:202px" %)Yes 433 +|(% style="width:157px" %)**Fixed and uplink**|(% style="width:271px" %)**GREEN **blinks twice (200ms per blink)|(% style="width:202px" %)Yes 434 +|(% style="width:157px" %)**Fail Fix and uplink**|(% style="width:271px" %)**RED **blinks twice (200ms per blink)|(% style="width:202px" %)Yes 435 +|(% style="width:157px" %)**Enter Alarm mode**|(% style="width:271px" %)**RED **on for 3 seconds|(% style="width:202px" %)Yes 436 +|(% style="width:157px" %)**Uplink under Alarm**|(% style="width:271px" %)**RED **on for 1 second|(% style="width:202px" %)Yes 437 +|(% style="width:157px" %)**Exit Alarm**|(% style="width:271px" %)**BLUE **led on 5 second|(% style="width:202px" %)Yes 438 +|(% style="width:157px" %)**Get Downlink**|(% style="width:271px" %)**GREEN** led on 1 second|(% style="width:202px" %)Yes 439 +|(% style="width:157px" %)**Movement Detect**|(% style="width:271px" %)**RED **on 500ms|(% style="width:202px" %)N/A 429 429 430 430 431 431 432 432 433 -1. 434 -11. Button Function 444 +== 2.9 Button Function == 435 435 446 + 436 436 **RESET button:** 437 437 438 -[[image: file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image015.png]]449 +[[image:1664502835802-546.png]] 439 439 440 440 Push this button will reboot the device. Device will exit alarm mode and re-join to LoRaWAN server. 441 441 ... ... @@ -442,19 +442,20 @@ 442 442 443 443 **RED button:** 444 444 445 -[[image: file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image016.png]]456 +[[image:1664502854406-763.png]] 446 446 447 -|**Function**|**Action**|**Description** 448 -|Send Alarm|Keep Pressing **RED** button for more than 5 seconds|Enter Alarm Mode. See [[Alarm Mode>>path:#Alarm_Mode]] 449 -|Exit Alarm Mode|Fast press the **RED** button 10 times|Exit Alarm Mode 450 -|Enter Deep Sleep Mode|Press and hold the button for 10 seconds, then quickly press the device 3 times to enter deep sleep|This is the mode ship out from factory. CPU will be complete in sleep mode and no LoRa activity, only use before deploy. 451 451 459 +(% border="2" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:627px" %) 460 +|(% style="width:135px" %)**Function**|(% style="width:220px" %)**Action**|(% style="width:265px" %)**Description** 461 +|(% style="width:135px" %)Send Alarm|(% style="width:220px" %)Keep Pressing **RED** button for more than 5 seconds|(% style="width:265px" %)Enter Alarm Mode. See [[Alarm Mode>>path:#Alarm_Mode]] 462 +|(% style="width:135px" %)Exit Alarm Mode|(% style="width:220px" %)Fast press the **RED** button 10 times|(% style="width:265px" %)Exit Alarm Mode 463 +|(% style="width:135px" %)Enter Deep Sleep Mode|(% style="width:220px" %)Press and hold the button for 10 seconds, then quickly press the device 3 times to enter deep sleep|(% style="width:265px" %)This is the mode ship out from factory. CPU will be complete in sleep mode and no LoRa activity, only use before deploy. 452 452 453 453 454 454 455 -1. 456 -11. USB Port Function 467 +== 2.10 USB Port Function == 457 457 469 + 458 458 The USB interface of TrackerD has below functions: 459 459 460 460 * Power on the device ... ... @@ -465,43 +465,45 @@ 465 465 466 466 467 467 480 += 3. Configure TrackerD via AT command or LoRaWAN downlink = 468 468 469 -1. Configure TrackerD via AT command or LoRaWAN downlink 470 470 471 - 472 472 User can configure TrackerD via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink. 473 473 474 474 LoRaWAN Downlink instruction for different platforms: [[IoT LoRaWAN Server>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/]] 475 475 476 476 477 -1. 478 -11. Access AT Command 479 479 480 - TrackerDsupportstheATcommand set in stock firmware. User can connect to TrackerD with TYPE-C cable to useATcommandsas shown below. ...489 +== 3.1 Access AT Command == 481 481 482 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image017.png]] 483 483 492 +TrackerD supports the AT command set in stock firmware. User can connect to TrackerD with TYPE-C cable to use AT commands as shown below. 484 484 494 + 495 +[[image:1664502999401-486.png]] 496 + 497 + 485 485 In PC, User needs to set serial tool baud rate to **115200** to access serial console for TrackerD. TrackerD will output system info once power on and user will be able to send AT commands: 486 486 487 487 488 -[[image: file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image018.png]]501 +[[image:1664503022490-662.png]] 489 489 490 490 491 491 492 -[[image: file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image019.png]]505 +[[image:1664503035713-500.png]] 493 493 494 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]] 495 495 496 496 497 -1. 498 -11. Command Set 509 +[[image:1664503047675-651.png]] 499 499 500 500 501 -1. 502 -11. 503 -111. Set Transmit Interval 504 504 513 +== 3.2 Command Set == 514 + 515 + 516 +=== 3.2.1 Set Transmit Interval === 517 + 518 + 505 505 Set device uplink interval. 506 506 507 507 * AT Command: ... ... @@ -508,18 +508,18 @@ 508 508 509 509 AT+TDC=xxx 510 510 511 -Example: AT+TDC=300000. Means set interval to 5 minutes(300 seconds) 525 +Example: AT+TDC=300000. Means set interval to 5 minutes(300 seconds) 512 512 513 513 514 514 * Downlink Payload (prefix 0x01): 515 515 516 -0x01 00 01 2C ~/~/ Same as AT+TDC=300000 530 +0x01 00 01 2C ~/~/ Same as AT+TDC=300000 517 517 518 518 519 -1. 520 -11. 521 -111. Set Alarm Packet transmission interval 522 522 534 +=== 3.2.2 Set Alarm Packet transmission interval === 535 + 536 + 523 523 Set alarm packet transmit interval 524 524 525 525 * AT Command: ... ... @@ -526,18 +526,18 @@ 526 526 527 527 AT+ATDC=xx. 528 528 529 -Example: AT+ATDC=60000 à Set Alarm Packet Interval to 60 seconds. TrackerD will send every 60 seconds in Alarm mode, Default Value: 60000 543 +Example: AT+ATDC=60000 à Set Alarm Packet Interval to 60 seconds. TrackerD will send every 60 seconds in Alarm mode, Default Value: 60000 530 530 531 531 532 532 * Downlink Payload (prefix 0xB1): 533 533 534 -0xB1 00 00 3C 548 +0xB1 00 00 3C ~/~/ Same as AT+ATDC=60000 535 535 536 536 537 -1. 538 -11. 539 -111. Set Sports Mode Packet transmission interval 540 540 552 +=== 3.2.3 Set Sports Mode Packet transmission interval === 553 + 554 + 541 541 Set sports packet transmit interval 542 542 543 543 * AT Command: ... ... @@ -544,19 +544,18 @@ 544 544 545 545 AT+MTDC=xx. 546 546 547 - Example: AT+MTDC=300000 à Set Sports Mode Packet Interval to 300 seconds. TrackerD will send every 300 seconds in Sports mode, Default Value: 300000 561 + Example: AT+MTDC=300000 à Set Sports Mode Packet Interval to 300 seconds. TrackerD will send every 300 seconds in Sports mode, Default Value: 300000 548 548 549 549 550 550 * Downlink Payload (prefix 0x03): 551 551 552 -0x03 00 01 2C 566 +0x03 00 01 2C ~/~/ Same as AT+ MTDC=3000000 553 553 554 554 555 555 556 -1. 557 -11. 558 -111. Exit Alarm 570 +=== 3.2.4 Exit Alarm === 559 559 572 + 560 560 Server send downlink command to exit Alarm mode 561 561 562 562 * AT Command: ... ... @@ -566,13 +566,13 @@ 566 566 567 567 * Downlink Payload (prefix 0x02): 568 568 569 -0x02 01 582 +0x02 01 ~/~/ Exit Alarm Mode 570 570 571 571 572 -1. 573 -11. 574 -111. Disable/Enable LED flash 575 575 586 +=== 3.2.5 Disable/Enable LED flash === 587 + 588 + 576 576 Disable/Enable LED for position, downlink and uplink 577 577 578 578 * AT Command: ... ... @@ -579,19 +579,17 @@ 579 579 580 580 AT+LON=xx. (Disable (0), Enable (1), default:1) 581 581 582 - Example: AT+LON=0 àDisable LED for position, downlink and uplink.595 + Example: AT+LON=0 **~-~-> ** Disable LED for position, downlink and uplink. 583 583 584 584 585 585 * Downlink Payload (prefix 0xAE): 586 586 587 -0xAE 00 600 +0xAE 00 ~/~/ Same as AT+LON=0 588 588 589 589 590 590 604 +=== 3.2.6 Disable/Enable movement detect (Debug Only) === 591 591 592 -1. 593 -11. 594 -111. Disable/Enable movement detect (Debug Only) 595 595 596 596 User can use this feature to check and set thread hole of movement detect 597 597 ... ... @@ -599,54 +599,53 @@ 599 599 600 600 AT+INTWK=xx. (Disable (0), Enable (1), default:0) 601 601 602 - Example: AT+ INTWK =1 àEnable detect movement.613 + Example: AT+ INTWK =1 **~-~-> ** Enable detect movement. 603 603 604 604 605 605 * Downlink Payload (prefix 0xAF): 606 606 607 -0xAF 01 618 +0xAF 01 ~/~/ Same as AT+ INTWK =1 608 608 609 609 610 610 611 -1. 612 -11. 613 -111. Set Positioning Mode 622 +=== 3.2.7 Set Positioning Mode === 614 614 624 + 615 615 SMOD define the how TrackerD scan and uplink date. 616 616 617 -GPS室外定位模式:设备默认模式,设备入网后会发送device当前模式下的信息,随后立即定位发送数据包(默认是3分钟定位,超过将发送无效数据),如果出现意外情况下,快速按键3下,将会发出报警消息(默认每分钟发送一次)。GPS还有一种logdata模式,在断网的情况下将数据存储下来,等到有网的时候,一次将数据以每10秒上报。 627 +GPS室外定位模式: 设备默认模式,设备入网后会发送device当前模式下的信息,随后立即定位发送数据包(默认是3分钟定位,超过将发送无效数据),如果出现意外情况下,快速按键3下,将会发出报警消息(默认每分钟发送一次)。GPS还有一种logdata模式,在断网的情况下将数据存储下来,等到有网的时候,一次将数据以每10秒上报。 618 618 619 - 629 +BLE室内定位模式: 设备入网后会发送device当前模式下的信息,随后立即定位发送数据包(默认是5秒,超过将发送无效数据),如果出现意外情况下,快速按键3下,将会发出报警消息(默认每3分钟发送一次)。 620 620 621 - 631 +GPS和BLE混动模式:设备入网后会发送device当前模式下的信息,随后立即判断是否在室内,如果是就进行BLE定位,不是就GPS定位。如果出现意外情况下,快速按键3下,将会发出报警消息(默认每分钟发送一次)。 622 622 623 -运动模式:设备入网后会发送device当前模式下的信息,随后发送GPS定位数据,设备判断是否在运动,没有运动传感器没有检测到动作,立即进入静止状态(默认20分钟),如果产生运动,将每5分钟发送一次数据,再第五分钟后检测设备有误运动,无将切换到静止状态,有立即发送数据。 633 +运动模式: 设备入网后会发送device当前模式下的信息,随后发送GPS定位数据,设备判断是否在运动,没有运动传感器没有检测到动作,立即进入静止状态(默认20分钟),如果产生运动,将每5分钟发送一次数据,再第五分钟后检测设备有误运动,无将切换到静止状态,有立即发送数据。 624 624 625 625 626 626 627 - 628 628 * AT Command: 629 629 630 630 AT+SMOD=xx. 631 631 632 - Example: 633 633 634 - AT+ SMOD =1,0 à GPS+ BAT+ State+Tem&Hum642 + **Example:** 635 635 636 - AT+ SMOD =1, 1àGPS644 + AT+ SMOD =1,0 **~-~-> ** GPS+ BAT+ State+Tem&Hum 637 637 638 - AT+ SMOD = 2,3à(iBeacon)UUID+Major+Minor+Power+Rssi+BAT+State。646 + AT+ SMOD =1,1 **~-~->** GPS +BAT State 639 639 648 + AT+ SMOD =2,3 **~-~->** (iBeacon)UUID+ Major + Minor+Power+Rssi+BAT+State。 640 640 650 + 641 641 * Downlink Payload (prefix 0xA5): 642 642 643 -0xA5 01 00 653 +0xA5 01 00 ~/~/ Same as AT+ SMOD =1,0 644 644 645 645 646 -1. 647 -11. 648 -111. Set MAX GPS position time 649 649 657 +=== 3.2.8 Set MAX GPS position time === 658 + 659 + 650 650 Set max positioning time, default is 150 seconds. TrackerD will try to get location info within this period. If fail to get position data within this time, TrackerD will use 000000 for latitude and longitude. 651 651 652 652 ... ... @@ -655,23 +655,21 @@ 655 655 656 656 * AT Command: 657 657 658 -AT+FTIME=xx àSet to use xx as max fix time.668 +AT+FTIME=xx **~-~-> ** Set to use xx as max fix time. 659 659 660 -Example: AT+FTIME=150 670 +Example: AT+FTIME=150 661 661 662 662 663 663 * Downlink Payload (prefix 0xAA): 664 664 665 -0xAA 00 96 675 +0xAA 00 96 ~/~/ Set AT+FTIME=150 666 666 667 667 668 668 679 +=== 3.3.9 Set PDOP value for GPS fix accuracy === 669 669 670 -1. 671 -11. 672 -111. Set PDOP value for GPS fix accuracy 673 673 674 -PDOP(Position Dilution of Precision) filter, TrackerD will only accept GPS data with a lower PDOP value than pre-configure PDOP value. If device can ’t get a valid GPS packet within FTIME timeout, it will use the GPS data with lowest PDOP value to server.682 +PDOP(Position Dilution of Precision) filter, TrackerD will only accept GPS data with a lower PDOP value than pre-configure PDOP value. If device can't get a valid GPS packet within FTIME timeout, it will use the GPS data with lowest PDOP value to server. 675 675 676 676 677 677 A GPS packet with lower PDOP has higher accuracy. PDOP default value is 2.0 ... ... @@ -679,17 +679,18 @@ 679 679 680 680 * AT Command: 681 681 682 -AT+PDOP=2.5 àSet PDOP to 2.5690 +AT+PDOP=2.5 **~-~-> ** Set PDOP to 2.5 683 683 684 684 685 685 * Downlink Payload (prefix 0xAD): 686 686 687 -0xAD 00 0A 695 +0xAD 00 0A ~/~/ Set AT+PDOP=1 (0x0A / 10 =1) 688 688 689 -0xAD 00 19 697 +0xAD 00 19 ~/~/ Set AT+PDOP=2.5 (0x19 / 10 =2.5) 690 690 691 -0xAD 00 46 699 +0xAD 00 46 ~/~/ Set AT+PDOP=7 (0x46 / 10 =7) 692 692 701 + 693 693 Disable/Enable the confirmation mode 694 694 695 695 * AT Command: ... ... @@ -696,59 +696,64 @@ 696 696 697 697 AT+CFM=xx. 698 698 699 - Example: 700 700 701 - AT+ CFM=0 à Disableconfirmation709 +**~ Example:** 702 702 703 - AT+ CFM= 1àEnable confirmation711 + AT+ CFM=0 **~-~-> ** Disable confirmation 704 704 713 + AT+ CFM=1 **~-~-> ** Enable confirmation 705 705 715 + 706 706 * Downlink Payload (prefix 0x05): 707 707 708 -0x05 01 718 +0x05 01 ~/~/ Same as AT+ SMOD =1 709 709 710 710 711 711 722 += 4. Setting for Different Scenarios = 712 712 713 713 714 714 715 - 1.SettingforDifferent Scenarios726 += 5. Upload Firmware = 716 716 717 717 729 +== 5.1 Firmware Change Log == 718 718 719 -1. Upload Firmware 720 -11. Firmware Change Log 721 721 722 722 **[[See this link>>url:https://github.com/dragino/TrackerD]]** 723 723 724 724 725 -1. 726 -11. How to upgrade firmware 727 727 728 - Usercanusethe TrackerD ’s USB port to upgrade firmwareintoit. The hardware connection forupgrade firmwareis as below:736 +== 5.2 How to upgrade firmware == 729 729 730 730 731 - **Step1:**Connect TrackerDand PC viaUSBcableshippedwithTrackerD.739 +User can use the TrackerD's USB port to upgrade firmware into it. The hardware connection for upgrade firmware is as below: 732 732 733 -**Step2:** Install CH9102 driver in the PC. 734 734 742 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Step1: **(%%)Connect TrackerD and PC via USB cable shipped with TrackerD. 743 + 744 + 745 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Step2:** (%%) Install CH9102 driver in the PC. 746 + 735 735 After installation of the driver and plug in TrackerD, user should be able to see com port in PC's device manager. 736 736 737 737 738 -**Step3:** Download and Install Flash Tool: 750 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Step3:**(%%) Download and Install Flash Tool: 739 739 740 740 [[https:~~/~~/www.espressif.com.cn/en/support/download/other-tools?keys=Flash%2BDownload%2BTools>>url:https://www.espressif.com.cn/en/support/download/other-tools?keys=Flash%2BDownload%2BTools]] 741 741 742 -**Step4:** Run Flash Download Tool and configure chip type to ESP32 743 743 755 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Step4:** (%%) Run Flash Download Tool and configure chip type to ESP32 744 744 745 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image021.png||alt="image-20220712083115-1.png"]] 746 746 747 -[[image: file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image022.png||alt="image-20220712083115-2.png"]]758 +[[image:1664503563660-578.png]] 748 748 749 749 750 - **Step5:** Select the firmwarefile (.bin format), comport and proper SPI configure. Clink Start. Bin file location:761 +[[image:1664503574618-659.png]] 751 751 763 + 764 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Step5:** (%%) Select the firmware file (.bin format), com port and proper SPI configure. Clink Start. Bin file location: 765 + 752 752 [[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/sh/733s8xlwahhqg1d/AABxDz80lBVX_to8zNuUQWFja?dl=0>>url:https://www.dropbox.com/sh/733s8xlwahhqg1d/AABxDz80lBVX_to8zNuUQWFja?dl=0]] 753 753 754 754 ... ... @@ -758,64 +758,70 @@ 758 758 759 759 ESP_LORA-eeprom-class.bin @ 0x10000 760 760 761 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image023.png||alt="image-20220712083115-3.png"]] 762 762 776 +[[image:1664503593459-435.png]] 777 + 778 + 779 + 763 763 After upgrade finish, it will show finish as below: 764 764 765 -[[image: file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image024.png||alt="image-20220712083115-4.png"]]782 +[[image:1664503611848-385.png]] 766 766 767 767 768 768 786 += 6. Developer Guide = 769 769 770 770 771 - 1.DeveloperGuide789 +== 6.1 Compile Source Code == 772 772 773 773 774 -* 775 -*1. Compile Source Code 776 -*11. Set up ARDUINO compile environment 777 -* Download the latest Arduino software (IDE) from the Arduino official website 792 +=== 6.1.1 Set up ARDUINO compile environment === 778 778 779 -[[https:~~/~~/www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software>>url:https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software]] 780 780 781 - InstallIDEonPC,openandclickFile~-~-> Preference,addthefollowingURL[[https:~~/~~/dl.espressif.com/dl/package_esp32_index.json>>url:https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fdl.espressif.com%2Fdl%2Fpackage_esp32_index.json]]795 +* Download the latest Arduino software (IDE) from the Arduino official website: [[https:~~/~~/www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software>>url:https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software]] 782 782 783 - [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image025.png]]797 +Install IDE on PC, open and click **File ~-~-> Preference**, add the following URL: [[https:~~/~~/dl.espressif.com/dl/package_esp32_index.json>>url:https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fdl.espressif.com%2Fdl%2Fpackage_esp32_index.json]] 784 784 799 + 800 +[[image:1664503635019-941.png]] 801 + 802 + 785 785 * Go to tools ~-~-> Boards ~-~-> Boards Manager, find the esp32 information and install it. 786 786 787 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image026.png]] 788 788 789 789 790 - * Download the latest TrackerD fromthe draginogithub807 +[[image:1664503715811-892.png]] 791 791 792 -[[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/TrackerD>>url:https://github.com/dragino/TrackerD]] 793 793 794 794 795 - PuttheLibrary inthe TrackerDdirectoryinto the librariesfile inthe Arduinoectory811 +* Download the latest TrackerD from the dragino github: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/TrackerD>>url:https://github.com/dragino/TrackerD]] 796 796 797 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.png]] 798 798 814 +Put the Library in the TrackerD directory into the libraries file in the Arduino directory: 799 799 800 800 817 +[[image:1664503752288-974.png]] 801 801 802 -* 803 -*1. Source Code 819 + 820 + 821 +== 6.2 Source Code == 822 + 823 + 804 804 * Open the example in the TrackerD file, please select the correct port in the IDE, as shown below: 805 805 806 -[[image: file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image028.png]]826 +[[image:1664503794261-827.png]] 807 807 808 -* Click to upload 809 809 810 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image029.png]] 811 811 812 -* C heck the result, if the uploadis successful, as shown below, open the serialport to view the data830 +* Click to upload 813 813 832 +[[image:1664503808294-336.png]] 814 814 815 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image030.png]] [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image031.png]] 816 816 817 817 836 +* Check the result, if the upload is successful, as shown below, open the serial port to view the data 818 818 838 +[[image:1664503824081-592.png]] [[image:1664503831430-500.png]] 819 819 820 820 821 821 ... ... @@ -848,6 +848,10 @@ 848 848 |(% style="width:118px" %)A8|(% style="width:67px" %)Yellow|(% style="width:123px" %)MTMS/GPIO14 849 849 |(% style="width:118px" %)B8|(% style="width:67px" %)Grey|(% style="width:123px" %)MTDO/GPIO15 850 850 871 + 872 + 873 + 874 + 851 851 = 8. Order Info = 852 852 853 853 ... ... @@ -856,7 +856,6 @@ 856 856 (% style="color:blue" %)**XXX**(%%): The default frequency band 857 857 858 858 * (% style="color:red" %)**EU433**(%%): Default frequency band EU433 859 -* (% style="color:red" %)**CN470**(%%): Default frequency band CN470 860 860 * (% style="color:red" %)**EU868**(%%): Default frequency band EU868 861 861 * (% style="color:red" %)**IN865**(%%): Default frequency band IN865 862 862 * (% style="color:red" %)**KR920**(%%): Default frequency band KR920 ... ... @@ -865,32 +865,34 @@ 865 865 * (% style="color:red" %)**US915**(%%): Default frequency band US915 866 866 867 867 891 + 892 + 893 + 868 868 = 9. Packing Info = 869 869 870 870 871 871 **Package Includes**: 872 872 873 -* TrackerD x 1 874 -* Rechargeable cable x 1 875 -* Program Cable x 1 899 +* TrackerD LoRaWAN GPS/BLE Tracker x 1 900 +* USB recharge & program cable x 1 876 876 877 877 **Dimensions and Weight**: 878 878 879 -* Device Size: 85 x 48 x 15 mm/pcs880 -* Weight: 5 5g/pcs904 +* Device Size: 85 x 48 x 15 cm 905 +* Weight: 50g 881 881 882 882 883 883 909 + 884 884 = 10. Support = 885 885 912 + 886 886 * Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8. Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before-mentioned schedule. 887 -* Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to 914 +* Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to [[support@dragino.com>>url:file:///D:/市场资料/说明书/LoRa/LT系列/support@dragino.com]] 888 888 889 -[[support@dragino.com>>url:file:///D:/市场资料/说明书/LoRa/LT系列/support@dragino.com]] 890 890 891 891 892 892 893 - 894 894 = 11. Reference = 895 895 896 896
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