TrackerD -LoRaWAN Tracker User Manual

TrackerD is an (% style="color:blue" %)**Open Source LoRaWAN Tracker**(%%) based on (% style="color:blue" %)**ESP32 MCU**(%%) and (% style="color:blue" %)**Semtech LoRa Wireless Chip**.

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In TrackerD, there are various sensors such as GPS, WiFi, BLE, Temperature, Humidity, Motion Detection, and Buzzer. User can use TrackerD for different tracking scenario.

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TrackerD is program friendly. Developers can use Arduino IDE to customize the software of TrackerD to fit their IoT solution.

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The LoRa wireless technology used in TrackerD allows the user to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data-rates. It provides ultra-long range spread spectrum communication and high interference immunity whilst minimizing current consumption. It targets professional tracking services.

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TrackerD is equipped with a (% style="color:blue" %)**1000mAh Li-on rechargeable battery**(%%). Each TrackerD has a worldwide unique OTAA keys to join the LoRaWAN network.

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[[image:1664499921684-770.png]]

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(% style="color:red" %)**Note: LoRaWAN server can be a general LoRaWAN server other than TTN.**

== 1.2 Specifications ==

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Micro Controller:**

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* Espressif ESP32 PICO D4

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* MCU: ESP32 PICO D4

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* Bluetooth: Bluetooth V4.2 BR/EDR and Bluetooth LE

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* WiFi : 802.11 b/g/n (802.11n up to 150 Mbps)

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* Integrated SPI flash : 4 MB

* RAM: 448 KB

* EEPROM: 520 KB

* Clock Speed: 32Mhz

(% style="color:blue" %)**Common DC Characteristics:**

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* Supply Voltage: 5V via USB port or Internal li-on battery

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* Operating Temperature: -40 ~~ 60°C

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(% style="color:blue" %)**LoRa Spec:**

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* Frequency Range,

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** Band 1 (HF): 862 ~~ 1020 Mhz

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* 168 dB maximum link budget.

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* +20 dBm - 100 mW constant RF output vs.

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* +14 dBm high efficiency PA.

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* Programmable bit rate up to 300 kbps.

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* High sensitivity: down to -148 dBm.

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* Bullet-proof front end: IIP3 = -12.5 dBm.

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* Excellent blocking immunity.

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* Low RX current of 10.3 mA, 200 nA register retention.

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* Fully integrated synthesizer with a resolution of 61 Hz.

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* FSK, GFSK, MSK, GMSK, LoRaTM and OOK modulation.

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* Built-in bit synchronizer for clock recovery.

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* Preamble detection.

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* 127 dB Dynamic Range RSSI.

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* Automatic RF Sense and CAD with ultra-fast AFC.

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* Packet engine up to 256 bytes with CRC.

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* LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Specification

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Battery:**

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* 1000mA Li-on Battery power (for model TrackerD)

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Power Consumption**

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* Sleeping Mode: 200uA

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* LoRa Transmit Mode: 125mA @ 20dBm 44mA @ 14dBm

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* Tracking: max: 38mA

== 1.3 Features ==

* LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Class A

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* ESP32 PICO D4

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* SX1276/78 Wireless Chip

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* Arduino IDE Compatible

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* Open source hardware / software

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* Regular/ Real-time GPS,BLE,WIFI tracking

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* Built-in3 axis accelerometer (LIS3DH)

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* Humidity / temperature sensor : GXCAS Technology GXHT3X

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* Motion sensing capability

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* Power Monitoring

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* Charging circuit via USB port

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* 1000mA Li-on Battery power

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* Tri-color LED, Alarm button

* Datalog

== 1.4 Applications ==

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* Logistics and Supply Chain Management

* Human tracking

= 2. Use TrackerD =

== 2.1 How it works? ==

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TrackerD is configured as LoRaWAN OTAA Class A GPS tracker by default. It has OTAA keys to join LoRaWAN network. To connect a LoRaWAN network, user need to input the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN IoT server and push reset button of TrackerD (next to USB port). TrackerD will wake up and auto join the network via OTAA.

== 2.2 Quick guide to connect to LoRaWAN server ==

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Here is an example for how to join the [[TTNv3 LoRaWAN Network>>url:https://eu1.cloud.thethings.network]]. Below is the network structure, we use LPS8N as LoRaWAN gateway in this example.

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[[image:1664501652064-326.png]]

The LPS8N is already set to connect to [[TTN V3 network >>url:https://eu1.cloud.thethings.network/]]. What the rest need to is register this device in TTN V3:

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1**:(%%) Create a device in TTN V3 with the OTAA keys from TrackerD.

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Each TrackerD is shipped with a sticker with the default device EUI as below:

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[[image:1664501677253-891.png]]

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Input these keys to their LoRaWAN Server portal. Below is TTN V3 screen shot:

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**__Add APP EUI in the application:__**

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[[image:1664501711466-918.png]]

[[image:1664501721248-725.png]]

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[[image:1664501734705-405.png]]

**__Add APP KEY and DEV EUI:__**

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[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LDS02%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Door%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1654671889112-678.png?rev=1.1||alt="1654671889112-678.png"]]

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2**:(%%) Power on TrackerD by using the on board switch.

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 3:**(%%) TrackerD will auto join to the LoRaWAN network. After join success, TrackerD will start to upload message to IoT server.

== 2.3 Positioning Mode(SMOD) ==

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Users can set TrackerD to different Positioning Mode for different applications. Below mod are supported.

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* (% style="color:#037691" %)**GPS ONLY(Factory Settings): **(%%)Only get and uplink GPS location info.

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* (% style="color:#037691" %)**BLE or WiFi ONLY: **(%%)** **Only obtain iBeacon info via BLE and uplink or obtain wifi ssid info via WiFi and uplink. Design for Indoor tracking.

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* (% style="color:#037691" %)**GPS/BLE Hybrid: **(%%)Combination for Indoor and Outdoor tracking. Devices will try to search BLE iBeacon first. If device can't find the iBeacon, it will use GPS for positioning.

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Users can switch modes by [[changing SMOD>>||anchor="H3.2.7SetPositioningMode"]].

== 2.4 Uplink Payload ==

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=== 2.4.1 Uplink FPORT~=5, Device Status ===

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Uplink the device configures with FPORT=5. Once TrackerD Joined the network, it will uplink this message to the server. After the first uplink, TrackerD will uplink Device Status every 12 hours.

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Use can also get the Device Status uplink through the downlink command: **Downlink: 0x2301**

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(% border="1.5" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:440px" %)

[[image:1665301570342-765.png]]

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Example of Device Status:**(%%) 13014001FF0FA24002

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Sensor Model:** (%%) For TrackerD,this value is 0x13

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Firmware Version: **(%%) 0x0140,Means:v1.4.0 version

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Frequency Band**:

*0x01: EU868

*0x02: US915

*0x03: IN865

*0x04: AU915

*0x05: KZ865

*0x06: RU864

*0x07: AS923

*0x08: AS923-1

*0x09: AS923-2

*0x0a: AS923-3

Sub- Band:value 0x00~~0x08(only forAU915,US915,Others are 0xFF)

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**BAT:**(%%) shows the battery voltage for TrackerD.

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Ex1:**(%%) 0x0FA2 = 4002mV

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Use can also get the Device Status uplink through the downlink command:

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**SMOD Field (total 1 byte)**(%%)：0x40

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(% border="1.5" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:270px" %)

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|=(% scope="row" style="width: 60px;" %)**Size(bit)**|(% style="width:50px" %)2bits|(% style="width:80px" %)2bit|(% style="width:80px" %)4bit

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|=(% style="width: 75px;" %)**Value**|(% style="width:64px" %)SMOD|(% style="width:104px" %)GPS_Settings|(% style="width:103px" %)BLE_Settings

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(% style="color:blue" %)** SMOD：**

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(% style="color:red" %)** 1 :** (%%) GPS ONLY

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(% style="color:red" %)** 2 :** (%%) BLE ONLY

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(% style="color:red" %)** 3 :** (%%) GPS/BLE Hybrid

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(% style="color:blue" %)** GPS_MOD: Define how to send GPS payload**

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(% style="color:red" %)** 0 : ** (%%) Enable uploading on-board Temperature and humidity values

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(% style="color:red" %)** 1 :** (%%) Disable uploading on-board Temperature and humidity values

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(% style="color:blue" %)** BLE_Settings:**

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(% style="color:red" %)** 1: ** (%%) BLE Positioning with Strongest iBeacon

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(% style="color:red" %)** 2：** (%%)WiFi Positioning with Strongest WiFi SSID(% style="color:blue" %)(V1.4.1 Version support this function later)(%%)

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Status Field (total 1 byte)**(%%): 0x02

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(% border="1.5" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:260px" %)

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|=(% style="width: 77px;" %)**Value**|(% style="width:70px" %)Reserve|(% style="width:92px" %)[[PNACKMD>>||anchor="H2.4.4A0UplinkFPORT3D42CHistoryGNSSPositioning"]]|(% style="width:48px" %)[[LON>>||anchor="H3.2.5Disable2FEnableLEDflash"]]|(% style="width:126px" %)[[Transport Mode>>||anchor="H2.9TransportMode"]]

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=== 2.4.2 Uplink FPORT~=2, Realtime GNSS Positioning + Temperature & Humidity ===

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Users can use **AT+SMOD=1,0,0** to enable uploading on-board Temperature and humidity values, and the total payload will be 15 bytes,

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(% border="1.2" cellspacing="3" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:320px" %)

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|=(% scope="row" style="width: 60px;" %)(((

**Size(bytes)**

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)))|(% style="width:30px" %)(((

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|=(% style="width: 69px;" %)**Value**|(% style="width:76px" %)[[Latitude>>||anchor="HLocationinfo:"]]|(% style="width:87px" %)[[Longitude>>||anchor="HLocationinfo:"]]|(% style="width:76px" %)(((

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[[Alarm & BAT>>||anchor="HAlarm26BAT:"]]

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)))|(% style="width:73px" %)[[FLAG>>||anchor="HFLAG:"]]|(% style="width:40px" %)[[Hum>>||anchor="HHum:"]]|(% style="width:87px" %)[[Tem>>||anchor="HTem:"]]

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[[image:1665301636888-168.png]]

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==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Alarm & BAT:**(%%) ====

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(% border="1.2" cellspacing="3" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:250px" %)

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|=(% scope="row" style="width: 50px;" %)**Size(bit)**|(% style="width:50px" %)1 bit|(% style="width:80px" %)1bit|(% style="width:50px" %)14bits

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|=(% style="width: 72px;" %)**Value**|(% style="width:67px" %)reserve|(% style="width:118px" %)Alarm Indicate|(% style="width:63px" %)[[BAT>>||anchor="HBAT:"]]

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==== (% style="color:blue" %)**FLAG:**(%%) ====

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(% border="1.2" cellspacing="3" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:120px" %)

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|=(% scope="row" style="width: 50px;" %)**Size(bit)**|(% style="width:30px" %)2bits|(% style="width:30px" %)1bit

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|=(% style="width: 79px;" %)**Value**|(% style="width:55px" %)[[MOD>>||anchor="H3.2.7SetPositioningMode"]]|(% style="width:47px" %)[[LON>>||anchor="HLON:"]]

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**Example:** Payload: 0x02863D68 FAC29BAF 4B45 60 0202 011A

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==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Location info:**(%%) ====

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* Latitude: 02863D68 ⇒ //if (0x//02863D68//& 0x80000000 = 0 )~:// //value = 02863D68 /1000000 = 42.351976//

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* Longitude: FAC29BAF ⇒ //if (0x//FAC29BAF// & 0x80000000 = 1 )~:// //value = (0x//FAC29BAF// – 0x 100000000)/1000000 =//-87.9094//57//

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(% style="color:red" %)**Important note:**

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1. When power is low (<2.84v), GPS won't be able to get location info and GPS feature will be disabled and the location field will be filled with 0x0FFFFFFF, 0x0FFFFFFF.

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2. In this mode, the total payload will be 15 bytes, while US915/AU915 DR0 accepts only 11 bytes payload. In this case, the payload on server will be ignore and shows as below:

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[[image:1664502116362-706.png]]

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3. While GPS can't get location info after timeout(FTIME Parameter), the latitude and longitude will be filled with all 0x00:

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[[image:1664502166010-515.png]]

==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Alarm:**(%%) ====

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**Example: ** 0x4B & 0x40 >> 6 = 0x01

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==== (% style="color:blue" %)**BAT:**(%%) ====

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**Example: ** 0x4B45 & 0x3FFF ⇒ 2885 (mV).

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The battery info shows the battery voltage, User can use the below mapping to indicate the battery in percentage: \

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* > 4.0v : 80% ~~ 100%

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* 3.85v ~~3.99v: 60% ~~ 80%

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* 3.70v ~~ 3.84v: 40% ~~ 60%

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* 3.40v ~~ 3.69v: 20% ~~ 40%

* < 3.39v: 0~~20%

==== (% style="color:blue" %)**MOD:**(%%) ====

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**Example: ** (0x60>>6) & 0x3f =1

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**Set the format of GPS data uplink link：**

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**0x00:** (%%) Enable uploading on-board Temperature and humidity values

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**0x01: ** (%%) Disable uploading on-board Temperature and humidity values

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**Set the format of BLE data uplink link：**

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**0x01: ** (%%) BLE Positioning with Strongest iBeacon

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==== (% style="color:blue" %)**LON:**(%%) ====

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**Example:** (0x60>>5) & 0x01=1.

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Enable/Disable LED activity for uplink

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**0x00:** (%%) Disable LED indicator.

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**0x01:** (%%) Enable LED indicator (Default Value)

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==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Hum:**(%%) ====

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0202 = //if (0x0202 & 0x8000 = 0 ): value =// 0x0202 / 100 = +514 ⇒ 51.4 degree

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==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Tem:**(%%) ====

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011A =if (0x011A & 0x8000 = 1 ): value =( 0x011A - 0x10000)/10(dec) ⇒ -//28.2 degree//

=== 2.4.3 Uplink FPORT~=3, Realtime GNSS Positioning (Default Mode) ===

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The default uplink payload includes total 11 bytes (**AT+SMOD=1,1,0**). The payload is the first 11 bytes of Uplink FPORT=2, real-time GNSS positioning, (remove the temp and humidity)

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(% border="1.2" cellspacing="3" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:300px" %)

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|=(% scope="row" style="width: 60px;" %)(((

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**Size(bytes)**

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)))|(% style="width:60px" %)4|(% style="width:60px" %)4|(% style="width:60px" %)2|(% style="width:50px" %)1

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|=(% style="width: 69px;" %)**Value**|(% style="width:76px" %)[[Latitude>>||anchor="HLocationinfo:"]]|(% style="width:87px" %)[[Longitude>>||anchor="HLocationinfo:"]]|(% style="width:76px" %)(((

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[[Alarm & BAT>>||anchor="HAlarm26BAT:"]]

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)))|(% style="width:73px" %)[[FLAG>>||anchor="HFLAG:"]]

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(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)

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[[image:1665301687277-443.png]]

=== 2.4.4 Uplink FPORT~=4, History GNSS Positioning ===

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Set [[PNACKMD=1>>||anchor="H3.2.10A0A0AutoSendNone-ACKmessages"]], and TrackerD will wait for ACK for every uplink, when there is no LoRaWAN network, TrackerD will mark these records with non-ack messages and store the sensor data, and it will send all messages (10s interval) after the network recovery.

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(% style="color:red" %)**Note for this mode:**

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* a) TrackerD will do an ACK check for data records sending to make sure every data arrive server.

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* b) TrackerD will send data in CONFIRMED Mode when PNACKMD=1 and CFM=1, but TrackerD won't re-transmit the packet if it doesn't get ACK, it will just mark it as a NONE-ACK message. In a future uplink, if TrackerD gets an ACK, TrackerD will consider there is a network connection and resend all NONE-ACK Messages.

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* c) the total payload will be 15 bytes, while US915/AU915 DR0 accepts only 11 bytes of payload. In this case (DR0 of US915/AU915), the payload on server will show NULL

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The payload is 15 bytes, as below.

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(% border="1.5" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:500px" %)

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|=(% scope="row" %)(((

**Size(bytes)**

)))|4|4|2|1|1|1|1|1

[[image:image-20221009160309-2.png]]

=== 2.4.5 Uplink FPORT~=6, BLE Positioning with Strongest iBeacon ===

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TrackerD supports BLE scans for indoor positioning. User can set [[**SMOD**>>||anchor="H3.2.7SetPositioningMode"]] to **BLE pure** or **GPS/BLE hybrid** so TrackerD will scan BLE iBeacon and find the strongest iBeacon info and uplink.

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User can set **[[BLEMASK>>||anchor="H3.2.11A0SetBLEMASKtofilterBLEiBeacon"]]** so TrackerD will only search the iBeacons which have UUID that match the BLEMASK settings.

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(% border="1.5" cellspacing="3" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:450px" %)

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|=(% scope="row" style="width: 60px;" %)(((

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**Size(bytes)**

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|=(% style="width: 50px;" %)**Value**|(% style="width:44px" %)[[UUID>>||anchor="HLocationinfo:"]]|(% style="width:61px" %)(((

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iBeacon MAJOR

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)))|(% style="width:63px" %)(((

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iBeacon MINOR

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)))|(% style="width:71px" %)(((

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iBeacon Measured Power

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)))|(% style="width:50px" %)(((

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iBeacon RSSI

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)))|(% style="width:47px" %)(((

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[[Alarm & BAT>>||anchor="HAlarm26BAT:"]]

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)))|(% style="width:15px" %)[[FLAG>>||anchor="HFLAG:"]]

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[[image:1664502425687-834.png]]

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* (% style="color:#037691" %)**BAT: ** (%%) Ex1:0x4B45 & 0x3FFF ⇒ 3901 (mV).

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* (% style="color:#037691" %)**MODE: **(%%)Define the payload format.

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* (% style="color:#037691" %)**UUID: **(%%)The uuid from the strongest iBeacon.

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* (% style="color:#037691" %)**MAJOR:** (%%) The MAJOR from the strongest iBeacon.

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* (% style="color:#037691" %)**MINOR:** (%%)The MAJOR from the strongest iBeacon.

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* (% style="color:#037691" %)**Measured Power: ** (%%) The Measured Power from the strongest iBeacon.

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* (% style="color:#037691" %)**RSSI: ** (%%) The RSSI from the strongest iBeacon.

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=== 2.4.6 Uplink FPORT~=8, WiFi Positioning with Strongest WiFi SSID（Since firmware 1.4.1） ===

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TrackerD supports WiFi scans for indoor positioning. User can set [[**SMOD**>>||anchor="H3.2.7SetPositioningMode"]] to **WiFi** so TrackerD will scan WiFi and find the strongest WiFi info and uplink.

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(% border="1.2" cellspacing="3" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:371.222px" %)

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|=(% scope="row" style="width: 60px;" %)(((

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**Size(bytes)**

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)))|(% style="width:60px" %)6|(% style="width:60px" %)4|(% style="width:79px" %)2|(% style="width:66px" %)1

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|=(% style="width: 69px;" %)**Value**|(% style="width:76px" %)SSID|(% style="width:87px" %)RSSI|(% style="width:79px" %)(((

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[[Alarm & BAT>>||anchor="HAlarm26BAT:"]]

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)))|(% style="width:66px" %)[[FLAG>>||anchor="HFLAG:"]]

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(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)

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[[image:1667288597595-714.png||height="212" width="1151"]]

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* (% style="color:#037691" %)**BAT: ** (%%) Ex1:0x4B45 & 0x3FFF ⇒ 3901 (mV).

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* (% style="color:#037691" %)**SSID: **(%%)WiFi name.

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* (% style="color:#037691" %)**RSSI: **(%%)The RSSI from the strongest WiFi.

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=== 2.4.7 Add Payload format in TTN V3 ===

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In TTN V3, user can add a custom payload so it shows friendly.

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In the page (% style="color:#037691" %)**Applications ~-~-> Payload Formats ~-~-> Custom ~-~-> decoder**

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[[image:1664502649601-895.png]]

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Add the decoder from this link:

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[[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/dragino-end-node-decoder/tree/main/TrackerD>>https://github.com/dragino/dragino-end-node-decoder/tree/main/TrackerD]]

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Save the change the uplink message will be parsed. As below:

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[[image:1664502676891-606.png]]

== 2.5 Integrate with Datacake ==

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After TrackerD sends data to LoRaWAN server such as TTN, use can pass the data to Datacake and plot out, currently only support GPS plot.

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Instruction is here: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Notes%20for%20Data%20Cake/#H7.Example~~-~~-AddTrackerDGPSTrackingInDataCake>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Notes%20for%20Data%20Cake/#H7.Example--AddTrackerDGPSTrackingInDataCake]]

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[[image:1664502695771-538.png]]

== 2.6 Integrate with Tago ==

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After TrackerD sends data to LoRaWAN server such as TTN, user can pass the data to Datacake and plot out, currently only support GPS plot.

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Instruction is here: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Tago.IO/#H3.A0Example-CreateTrackerD2FLGT92positioningwidget>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Tago.IO/#H3.A0Example-CreateTrackerD2FLGT92positioningwidget]]

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[[image:1664502715371-321.png]]

== 2.7 Datalog Feature ==

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total 273 entries,by default,

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User can set [[PNACKMD=1>>||anchor="H3.2.10A0A0AutoSendNone-ACKmessages"]], to enable Datalog feature.

Example use case.

[[image:image-20221009234703-2.png||height="328" width="899"]]

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[[image:image-20221009234629-1.png||height="390" width="577"]]

== 2.8 Alarm Mode ==

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User can push the (% style="color:red" %)**RED button**(%%) by more than 5 seconds to enter Alarm Mode.

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Once enter Alarm mode, the (% style="color:green" %)**GREEN LED**(%%) will flash 3 times, the buzzer will alarm for 5 seconds, then TrackerD will immediately send a packet without location info and then send a data packet with GPS positioning information. After that, the device will send 60 packets at 1-minute intervals. The Alarm flag in the payload will be set for the next 60 packets unless exits alert mode.

)))

(((

Two ways to exit alarm mode:

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)))

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* Server sends a downlink command to exit.

594

* User fast press the RED button 10 times.

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(((

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When exit alarm mode, (% style="color:red" %)**RED LED**(%%) will light up for 5 seconds, indicating that the alarm mode is exited. And the alert flag will be set to false.

)))

== 2.9 Transport Mode ==

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In Transport Mode, TrackerD will check if there is motion. If there is no motion, device will send uplinks every 20 minutes. If there is motion, device will send uplink every 5 minutes.

== 2.10 LED Status ==

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(% border="1.5" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:500px" %)

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|=(% style="width: 150px;" %)**Event**|=(% style="width: 200px;" %)**Action**|=(% style="width: 150px;" %)**AT+LON to control on/off**

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|(% style="width:157px" %)**Power On**|(% style="width:271px" %)(% style="color:blue" %)**BLUE, **(% style="color:red" %)**RED , **(% style="color:green" %)**Green** flash once|(% style="width:202px" %)N/A

615

|(% style="width:157px" %)**Join request**|(% style="width:271px" %)(% style="color:green" %)**Green** (%%)led fast blink once (200ms)|(% style="width:202px" %)Yes

616

|(% style="width:157px" %)**Join Success**|(% style="width:271px" %)(% style="color:green" %)**Green**(%%) led on 5 second|(% style="width:202px" %)N/A

617

|(% style="width:157px" %)**Fixing Location**|(% style="width:271px" %)(% style="color:blue" %)**BLUE **(%%)blinks 200ms per second|(% style="width:202px" %)Yes

618

|(% style="width:157px" %)**Fixed and uplink**|(% style="width:271px" %)(% style="color:green" %)**GREEN ***(%%)***blinks twice (200ms per blink)**|(% style="width:202px" %)Yes

619

|(% style="width:157px" %)**Fail Fix and uplink**|(% style="width:271px" %)(% style="color:red" %)**RED **(%%)blinks twice (200ms per blink)|(% style="width:202px" %)Yes

620

|(% style="width:157px" %)**Enter Alarm mode**|(% style="width:271px" %)(% style="color:red" %)**RED **(%%)on for 3 seconds|(% style="width:202px" %)Yes

621

|(% style="width:157px" %)**Uplink under Alarm**|(% style="width:271px" %)(% style="color:red" %)**RED **(%%)on for 1 second|(% style="width:202px" %)Yes

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|(% style="width:157px" %)**Exit Alarm**|(% style="width:271px" %)(% style="color:blue" %)**BLUE **(%%)led on 5 second|(% style="width:202px" %)Yes

623

|(% style="width:157px" %)**Get Downlink**|(% style="width:271px" %)(% style="color:green" %)**GREEN**(%%) led on 1 second|(% style="width:202px" %)Yes

624

|(% style="width:157px" %)**Movement Detect**|(% style="width:271px" %)(% style="color:red" %)**RED **(%%)led on 500ms|(% style="width:202px" %)N/A

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== 2.11 Button Function ==

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(% style="color:blue" %)**RESET button:**

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[[image:1664502835802-546.png]]

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Push this button will reboot the device. Device will exit alarm mode and re-join to LoRaWAN server.

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(% style="color:red" %)**RED button:**

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[[image:1664502854406-763.png]]

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(% border="1" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:510px" %)

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|=(% style="width: 100px;" %)**Function**|=(% style="width: 205px;" %)**Action**|=(% style="width: 205px;" %)**Description**

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|(% style="width:135px" %)Send Alarm|(% style="width:220px" %)Keep Pressing (% style="color:red" %)**RED**(%%) button for more than 5 seconds|(% style="width:265px" %)Enter Alarm Mode. See [[Alarm Mode>>||anchor="H2.8AlarmMode"]]

645

|(% style="width:135px" %)Exit Alarm Mode|(% style="width:220px" %)Fast press the (% style="color:red" %)**RED** (%%)button 10 times|(% style="width:265px" %)Exit Alarm Mode

646

|(% style="width:135px" %)Enter Deep Sleep Mode|(% style="width:220px" %)Press and hold the button for 10 seconds, then quickly press the device 3 times to enter deep sleep|(% style="width:265px" %)This is the mode ship out from factory. CPU will be complete in sleep mode and no LoRa activity, only use before deploy.

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== 2.12 USB Port Function ==

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The USB interface of TrackerD has below functions:

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* Power on the device

655

* Recharge the battery

656

* [[Configure Device>>||anchor="H3.ConfigureTrackerDviaATcommandorLoRaWANdownlink"]]

657

* [[Upgrade Firmware>>||anchor="H5.UploadFirmware"]]

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= 3. Configure TrackerD via AT command or LoRaWAN downlink =

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User can configure TrackerD via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink.

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LoRaWAN Downlink instruction for different platforms: [[IoT LoRaWAN Server>>doc:Main.WebHome]]

== 3.1 Access AT Command ==

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TrackerD supports the AT command set in stock firmware. User can connect to TrackerD with TYPE-C cable to use AT commands as shown below.

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[[image:1664502999401-486.png]]

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In PC, User needs to set serial tool baud rate to (% style="color:green" %)**115200**(%%) to access serial console for TrackerD. TrackerD will output system info once power on and user will be able to send AT commands:

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[[image:1664503022490-662.png]]

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[[image:1664503035713-500.png]]

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[[image:1664503047675-651.png]]

== 3.2 Command Set ==

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=== 3.2.1 Set Transmit Interval ===

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Set device uplink interval.

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* (% style="color:blue" %)**AT Command:**

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TDC=xxx **

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Example: AT+TDC=300000. Means set interval to 5 minutes(300 seconds)

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* (% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink Payload (prefix 0x01):**

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**0x01 00 01 2C** (%%) ~/~/ Same as AT+TDC=300000

=== 3.2.2 Set Alarm Packet transmission interval ===

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Set alarm packet transmit interval

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* (% style="color:blue" %)**AT Command:**

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+ATDC=xx. **

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Example: AT+ATDC=60000 **~-~-> ** Set Alarm Packet Interval to 60 seconds. TrackerD will send every 60 seconds in Alarm mode, Default Value: 60000

722

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* (% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink Payload (prefix 0xB1):**

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**0xB1 00 00 3C ** (%%) ~/~/ Same as AT+ATDC=60000

=== 3.2.3 Set Transport Mode Packet transmission interval ===

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Set Transport Mode packet transmit interval

734

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* (% style="color:blue" %)**AT Command:**

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737

(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+MTDC=xx. **

738

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Example: AT+MTDC=300000 **~-~-> ** Set Transport Mode Packet Interval to 300 seconds. TrackerD will send every 300 seconds in Transport mode, Default Value: 300000

740

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* (% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink Payload (prefix 0x03):**

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**0x03 00 01 2C** (%%) ~/~/ Same as AT+MTDC=3000000

=== 3.2.4 Exit Alarm ===

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Server send downlink command to exit Alarm mode

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* (% style="color:blue" %)**AT Command: No AT Command**

754

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* (% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink Payload (prefix 0x02):**

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**0x02 01** (%%) ~/~/ Exit Alarm Mode

=== 3.2.5 Disable/Enable LED flash ===

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Disable/Enable LED for position, downlink and uplink

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* (% style="color:blue" %)**AT Command:**

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+LON=xx. (Disable (0), Enable (1), default:1)**

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Example: AT+LON=0 **~-~-> ** Disable LED for position, downlink and uplink.

771

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* (% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink Payload (prefix 0xAE):**

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775

(% style="color:#037691" %)**0xAE 00 ** (%%) ~/~/ Same as AT+LON=0

=== 3.2.6 Disable/Enable Transport Mode ===

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Users can use this feature to enable/disable Transport Mode.

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* (% style="color:blue" %)**AT Command:**

785

786

(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+INTWK=xx. (Disable (0), Enable (1), default:0)**

787

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Example: AT+INTWK=1 **~-~-> ** Enable Transport Mode.

789

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* (% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink Payload (prefix 0xAF):**

792

793

(% style="color:#037691" %)**0xAF 01 ** (%%) ~/~/ Same as AT+INTWK=1

=== 3.2.7 Set Positioning Mode ===

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SMOD define how TrackerD scan and uplink data:

801

802

803

* (% style="color:blue" %)**AT Command:**

804

805

(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+SMOD=aa,bb,cc**

806

807

(% style="color:#037691" %)** aa:**

808

809

* (% style="color:red" %)**1: GPS ONLY(Factory Settings): **(%%)Only get and uplink GPS location info.

810

811

* (% style="color:red" %)**2: BLE or WiFi ONLY: **(%%)Only obtain iBeacon info via BLE and uplink or obtain WiFi ssid info via WiFi and uplink. Design for Indoor tracking.

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* (% style="color:red" %)**3: GPS/BLE Hybrid: **(%%)Combination for Indoor and Outdoor tracking.Devices will try to search BLE iBeacon first. If device can't find the iBeacon, it will use GPS for positioning.

814

815

(% style="color:#037691" %)**bb:**

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* (% style="color:red" %)**0 : **(%%)GPS+ BAT+ State+Tem&Hum

818

819

* (% style="color:red" %)**1 :**(%%) GPS +BAT State

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**cc: **

822

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* (% style="color:red" %)**1 : **(%%) (iBeacon)UUID+ Major + Minor+Power+Rssi+BAT+State

824

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* (% style="color:red" %)**2 : **(%%) (WiFi)SSID+Rssi+BAT+State ((% style="color:#037691" %)V1.4.1 Version support this function later(%%))

826

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Example:**

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829

AT+SMOD=1,0,0 ~-~-> GPS+ BAT+ State+Tem&Hum

830

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AT+SMOD=1,1,0 ~-~-> GPS +BAT State

832

833

AT+SMOD=2,0,1 ~-~-> (iBeacon)UUID+ Major + Minor+Power+Rssi+BAT+State

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835

AT+SMOD=2,0,2 ~-~-> (WiFi)SSID+Rssi+BAT+State

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* (% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink Payload (prefix 0xA5):**

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**0xA5 01 00 00** (%%) ~/~/ Same as AT+SMOD=1,0,0

=== 3.2.8 Set MAX GPS position time ===

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Set max positioning time, default is 150 seconds. TrackerD will try to get location info within this period. If fail to get position data within this time, TrackerD will use 000000 for latitude and longitude.

848

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If AT+FTIME=0. The GPS module will be always powered and positioning. This will highly increase the power consumption (up to 50mA). When AT+FTIME=0, it will improve fix accuracy and shorten the acquire time for next uplink.

851

852

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* (% style="color:blue" %)**AT Command:**

854

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+FTIME=xx** (%%) **~-~-> ** Set to use xx as max fix time.

856

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**Example:** AT+FTIME=150

858

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* (% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink Payload (prefix 0xAA):**

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**0xAA 00 96 ** (%%) ~/~/ Set AT+FTIME=150

=== 3.2.9 Set PDOP value for GPS fix accuracy ===

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PDOP(Position Dilution of Precision) filter, TrackerD will only accept GPS data with a lower PDOP value than pre-configure PDOP value. If device can't get a valid GPS packet within FTIME timeout, it will use the GPS data with lowest PDOP value to server.

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A GPS packet with lower PDOP has higher accuracy. PDOP default value is 2.0

873

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* (% style="color:blue" %)**AT Command:**

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877

(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+PDOP=2.5 ** (%%) **~-~-> ** Set PDOP to 2.5

878

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* (% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink Payload (prefix 0xAD):**

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882

(% style="color:#037691" %)**0xAD 00 0A** (%%) ~/~/ Set AT+PDOP=1 (0x0A / 10 =1)

883

884

(% style="color:#037691" %)**0xAD 00 19** (%%) ~/~/ Set AT+PDOP=2.5 (0x19 / 10 =2.5)

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886

(% style="color:#037691" %)**0xAD 00 46** (%%) ~/~/ Set AT+PDOP=7 (0x46 / 10 =7)

Disable/Enable the confirmation mode

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* (% style="color:blue" %)**AT Command:**

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+CFM=xx**

**~ Example:**

AT+CFM=0 **~-~-> ** Disable confirmation

900

901

AT+CFM=1 **~-~-> ** Enable confirmation

902

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* (% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink Payload (prefix 0x05):**

905

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**0x05 01 **(%%) ~/~/ Same as AT+CFM=1

=== 3.2.10 Auto Send None-ACK messages ===

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TrackerD will wait for ACK for each uplink, If TrackerD doesn't get ACK from the IoT server, it will consider the message doesn't arrive server and store it. TrackerD keeps sending messages in normal periodically. Once TrackerD gets ACK from a server, it will consider the network is ok and start to send the not-arrive message.

914

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916

* (% style="color:blue" %)**AT Command: AT+PNACKMD**

917

918

The default factory setting is 0.

919

920

921

**Command Example Function Response:**

922

923

(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+PNACKMD=1** (%%) ~/~/ Poll None-ACK message OK

924

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926

* (% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink Command: 0x34**

927

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Example: 0x3401 ~/~/ Same as AT+PNACKMD=1

=== 3.2.11 Set BLEMASK to filter BLE iBeacon ===

933

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935

BLEMASK is to filter the unwanted BLE iBeacons during scan. For example, if BLEMASK is 123456. TrackerD will only uplink UUID info which includes 123456. It will ignore all other iBeacons which doesn’t contact 123456 in the UUID.

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(% style="color:red" %)**Note: BLEMASK range is 6 ~~ 10 bytes. If AT+BLEMASK < 6 bytes, BLEMASK will be disabled.**

938

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(% style="color:blue" %)**AT Command:**

940

941

(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+BLEMASK=123456** (%%) ~/~/ Set BLEMASK = 123456

942

943

(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+BLEMASK=0** (%%) ~/~/ disable BLEMASK

944

945

(% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink Payload: (Prefix : 0xB2)(Since firmware 1.4.1）**

946

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Example: 0xB2010203040506 ~/~/ Set BLEMASK to 123456

=== 3.2.12 Set WiFIMASK to filter WiFi SSID（Since firmware 1.4.1） ===

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WiFiMASK is to filter the unwanted WiFi SSID during scan. For example, if WiFiMASK is 123456. TrackerD will only uplink SSID info which includes 123456 as prefix. It will ignore all other WiFi which doesn’t contact 123456 in the SSID.

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(% style="color:red" %)**Note: WiFiMASK range is 6 ~~ 10 bytes. If AT+ WiFiMASK < 6 bytes, WiFiMASK will be disabled.**

957

958

(% style="color:blue" %)**AT Command:**

959

960

(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+WiFiMASK=123456** (%%) ~/~/ Set WiFiMASK = 123456

961

962

(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+WiFiMASK=0** (%%) ~/~/ disable WiFiMASK

963

964

(% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink Payload: (Prefix : 0xB3)(Since firmware 1.4.1）**

965

966

Example: 0xB3010203040506 ~/~/ Set WiFiMASK to 123456

=== 3.2.13 Disable/Enable Information printing（Since firmware 1.4.1） ===

971

972

973

Users can use this feature to enable/disable Information printing.

974

975

(% style="color:blue" %)**AT Command:**

976

977

(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+SHOWID=XX **(%%) ~/~/(Disable (0), Enable (1), default:0)

978

\\Example: AT+SHOWID=1 ~-~-> Enable Information printing.

=== 3.2.14 Get or Set Eight Channels Mode, only for us915, AU915（Since firmware 1.4.1） ===

983

984

985

The Channels Mode in the LORAWAN LMIC library is from 0 ~~ 7. When CHE = 8, 72 channels will be accessible to the network.

986

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(% style="color:blue" %)**AT Command:**

988

989

(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+CHE=1**(%%) ~/~/ set one channels mode

990

991

992

(% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink Payload:0X24**

993

994

Example: 0x24 01 ~/~/ Same as AT+CHE=1

= 4. Setting for Different Scenarios =

= 5. Upload Firmware =

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1004

1005

== 5.1 Firmware Change Log ==

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1007

1008

**[[See this link>>url:https://github.com/dragino/TrackerD]]**

== 5.2 How to upgrade firmware ==

1013

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1015

User can use the TrackerD's USB port to upgrade firmware into it. The hardware connection for upgrade firmware is as below:

1016

1017

1018

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step1: **(%%)Connect TrackerD and PC via USB cable shipped with TrackerD.

1019

1020

1021

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step2:** (%%) Install CH9102 driver in the PC.

1022

1023

After installation of the driver and plug in TrackerD, user should be able to see com port in PC's device manager.

1024

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1026

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step3: **(%%)Download and Install Flash Tool: [[https:~~/~~/www.espressif.com.cn/en/support/download/other-tools?keys=Flash%2BDownload%2BTools>>url:https://www.espressif.com.cn/en/support/download/other-tools?keys=Flash%2BDownload%2BTools]]

1027

1028

1029

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step4:** (%%) Run Flash Download Tool and configure chip type to ESP32

1030

1031

1032

[[image:1664503563660-578.png]]

1033

1034

1035

[[image:1664503574618-659.png]]

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step5:** (%%) Select the firmware file (.bin format), com port and proper SPI configure. Clink Start. Bin file location:

1040

1041

[[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/TrackerD/releases>>https://github.com/dragino/TrackerD/releases]]

1042

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1044

Users need to use below files:

boot_app0.bin @0e000

ESP_LORA-eeprom-class.bin @ 0x10000

1049

1050

1051

[[image:1664503593459-435.png]]

After upgrade finish, it will show finish as below:

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1057

[[image:1664503611848-385.png]]

= 6. Developer Guide =

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1064

== 6.1 Compile Source Code ==

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1067

=== 6.1.1 Set up ARDUINO compile environment ===

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1070

* **Download the latest Arduino software (IDE) from the Arduino official website: [[https:~~/~~/www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software>>url:https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software]]**

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Install IDE on PC, open and click (% style="color:#037691" %)**File ~-~-> Preference**,(%%) add the following URL: [[https:~~/~~/dl.espressif.com/dl/package_esp32_index.json>>url:https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fdl.espressif.com%2Fdl%2Fpackage_esp32_index.json]]

1073

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1075

[[image:1664503635019-941.png]]

* (% style="color:#037691" %)**Go to tools ~-~-> Boards ~-~-> Boards Manager**,(%%) **find the esp32 information and install it.**

1080

1081

[[image:1664503715811-892.png]]

1082

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1084

(% id="cke_bm_4554S" style="display:none" %) (%%)Find the path of SP32 installation, find the file as shown in Figure 1, and change the SPI pin to the shown in Figure 2.

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[[image:image-20221024105643-1.png]]

**~ Figure1**

[[image:image-20221024105643-2.png]]

**Figure2**

* **Download the latest TrackerD from the dragino github: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/TrackerD>>url:https://github.com/dragino/TrackerD]]**

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Put the Library in the TrackerD directory into the libraries file in the Arduino directory:

1099

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[[image:1664503752288-974.png]]

== 6.2 Source Code ==

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* (% style="color:blue" %)**Open the example in the TrackerD file, please select the correct port in the IDE, as shown below:**

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[[image:1664503794261-827.png]]

* (% style="color:blue" %)**Click to upload**

1115

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[[image:1664503808294-336.png]]

* (% style="color:blue" %)**Check the result, if the upload is successful, as shown below, open the serial port to view the data**

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[[image:1664503824081-592.png]] [[image:1664503831430-500.png]]

= 7. FAQ =

== 7.1 How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region? ==

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User can follow the introduction for [[how to upgrade image>>||anchor="H5.UploadFirmware"]]. When download the images, choose the required image file for download.

== 7.2 What is the pin mapping for the USB program cable? ==

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1139

[[image:1664499635206-262.png]]

(% border="1.5" cellspacing="3" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:314px" %)

1144

|=(% style="width: 118px;" %)**Pin**|=(% style="width: 67px;" %)**Color**|=(% style="width: 123px;" %)**USB Pin**

1145

|(% style="width:118px" %)A4,B4,A9,B9|(% style="width:67px" %)Red|(% style="width:123px" %)VCC

1146

|(% style="width:118px" %)A7,B7|(% style="width:67px" %)White|(% style="width:123px" %)D- (N/A)

1147

|(% style="width:118px" %)A6,B6|(% style="width:67px" %)Green|(% style="width:123px" %)D+(N/A)

1148

|(% style="width:118px" %)A1,B1,A12,B12|(% style="width:67px" %)Black|(% style="width:123px" %)GND

1149

|(% style="width:118px" %)A5|(% style="width:67px" %)Purple|(% style="width:123px" %)MTDC/GOIO13

1150

|(% style="width:118px" %)B5|(% style="width:67px" %)Blue|(% style="width:123px" %)MTDC/GPIO12

1151

|(% style="width:118px" %)A8|(% style="width:67px" %)Yellow|(% style="width:123px" %)MTMS/GPIO14

1152

|(% style="width:118px" %)B8|(% style="width:67px" %)Grey|(% style="width:123px" %)MTDO/GPIO15

1153

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1155

== 7.3 Notes on using different serial port tools for TrackerD ==

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=== 7.3.1 Serial port utility ===

1159

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1161

Serial port utility requires you to automatically add data streams.

1162

1163

Need to adjust the data stream to RTS/CTS on physical restart.

1164

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1166

(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)

1167

[[image:image-20221102140621-1.png]]

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1170

When using AT commands, the data flow needs to be adjusted to XON/XOFF

1171

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[[image:image-20221102140638-2.png]]

=== 7.3.2 SecureCRT ===

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The default command window of SecureCRT is not displayed. Entering a command requires a complete input of the entire command. You can open the command window in the view.

1181

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[[image:image-20221102140704-3.png]]

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[[image:image-20221102140712-4.png]]

=== 7.3.3 PUTTY ===

[[image:image-20221102140748-5.png]]

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Since putty does not have a command window, you need to fill in the complete command externally, and then copy it to putty.The information copied outside can be pasted by right-clicking the mouse in putty.

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[[image:image-20221102140801-6.png]]

= 8 Trouble Shooting =

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== 8.1 TDC is changed to 4294947296 and cause no uplink. ==

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Before firmware v1.4.0: When the Transport Mode is enabled (**AT+INTWK=1**), the **TDC** needs to be greater than **MTDC**, otherwise, TDC setting will because 4294947296 after wakre up from motion. This bug is fixed in firmware v1.4.1

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== 8.2 Device not able get AT Command or show output after wake up from deep sleep mode ==

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ESP32 is not able to accept the Interrupt from UART after wake up from deep sleep mode. User need to press the button (one click) and trackerD will be able to accept UART command, it there is no action in UART for 15 seconds. it will go to deep sleep mode.

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== 8.3 The reason why it has been restarted after upgrading（V.1.4.1） ==

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If it is V1.4.0 and the previous version, new partitions need to be loaded when upgrading. The new version of the software is stored in the partition package. The upgrade method is shown in the figure

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[[image:image-20221107145243-1.png||height="695" width="443"]]

= 9. Order Info =

Part Number: (% style="color:blue" %)**TrackerD-XXX**

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(% style="color:blue" %)**XXX**(%%): The default frequency band

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* (% style="color:red" %)**EU433**(%%): Default frequency band EU433

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* (% style="color:red" %)**EU868**(%%): Default frequency band EU868

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* (% style="color:red" %)**IN865**(%%): Default frequency band IN865

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* (% style="color:red" %)**KR920**(%%): Default frequency band KR920

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* (% style="color:red" %)**AS923**(%%): Default frequency band AS923

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* (% style="color:red" %)**AU915**(%%): Default frequency band AU915

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* (% style="color:red" %)**US915**(%%): Default frequency band US915

= 10. Packing Info =

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Package Includes**:

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* TrackerD LoRaWAN GPS/BLE Tracker x 1

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* USB recharge & program cable x 1

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Dimensions and Weight**:

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* Device Size: 85 x 48 x 15 mm

* Weight: 50g

= 11. Support =

* Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8. Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before-mentioned schedule.

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* Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to [[support@dragino.com>>url:file:///D:/市场资料/说明书/LoRa/LT系列/support@dragino.com]].

= 12. Reference =

* [[**Firmware in Bin format**>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/733s8xlwahhqg1d/AABxDz80lBVX_to8zNuUQWFja?dl=0]]

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* **[[Source Code>>https://github.com/dragino/TrackerD]] **

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* [[**Hardware Source**>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/orwoy6cecb89m4e/AAD37sRuUrvKsHgAJxuVTkB5a?dl=0]]

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Wiki source code of TrackerD -LoRaWAN Tracker User Manual

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