Wiki source code of PS-LB/LS -- LoRaWAN Air Water Pressure Sensor User Manual

Version 111.1 by Mengting Qiu on 2025/01/16 18:00

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70.3	4	(% style="text-align:center" %)
70.4	5	[[image:image-20240109154731-4.png\|\|height="671" width="945"]]
6.2	6
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70.3	9
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70.4	13	Table of Contents :
70.3	14
42.4	15	{{toc/}}
6.2	16
	17
	18
42.5	19
	20
	21
16.2	22	= 1. Introduction =
6.2	23
9.2	24	== 1.1 What is LoRaWAN Pressure Sensor ==
	25
	26
42.31	27	(((
72.7	28	The Dragino PS-LB/LS series sensors are (% style="color:blue" %)LoRaWAN Pressure Sensor(%%) for Internet of Things solution. PS-LB/LS can measure Air, Water pressure and liquid level and upload the sensor data via wireless to LoRaWAN IoT server.
42.31	29	)))
6.2	30
42.31	31	(((
72.7	32	The PS-LB/LS series sensors include (% style="color:blue" %)Thread Installation Type(%%) and (% style="color:blue" %)Immersion Type(%%), it supports different pressure range which can be used for different measurement requirement.
42.31	33	)))
6.2	34
42.31	35	(((
72.7	36	The LoRa wireless technology used in PS-LB/LS allows device to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data-rates. It provides ultra-long range spread spectrum communication and high interference immunity whilst minimizing current consumption.
42.31	37	)))
6.2	38
42.31	39	(((
72.7	40	PS-LB/LS supports BLE configure and wireless OTA update which make user easy to use.
42.31	41	)))
6.2	42
42.31	43	(((
97.1	44	PS-LB/LS is powered by (% style="color:blue" %)8500mAh Li-SOCI2 battery (%%)or (% style="color:blue" %)solar powered + Li-ion battery (%%), it is designed for long term use up to 5 years.
42.31	45	)))
6.2	46
42.31	47	(((
72.7	48	Each PS-LB/LS is pre-load with a set of unique keys for LoRaWAN registrations, register these keys to local LoRaWAN server and it will auto connect after power on.
42.31	49	)))
6.2	50
9.2	51	[[image:1675071321348-194.png]]
6.2	52
	53
9.2	54	== 1.2 Features ==
6.2	55
	56
	57	* LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Class A
	58	* Ultra-low power consumption
	59	* Measure air / gas or water pressure
	60	* Different pressure range available
	61	* Thread Installation Type or Immersion Type
	62	* Monitor Battery Level
	63	* Bands: CN470/EU433/KR920/US915/EU868/AS923/AU915/IN865
	64	* Support Bluetooth v5.1 and LoRaWAN remote configure
	65	* Support wireless OTA update firmware
	66	* Uplink on periodically
	67	* Downlink to change configure
47.1	68	* Controllable 3.3v,5v and 12v output to power external sensor
70.6	69	* 8500mAh Li/SOCl2 Battery (PS-LB)
97.1	70	* Solar panel + 3000mAh Li-ion battery (PS-LS)
6.2	71
9.2	72	== 1.3 Specification ==
	73
	74
42.17	75	(% style="color:#037691" %)Micro Controller:
6.2	76
	77	* MCU: 48Mhz ARM
	78	* Flash: 256KB
	79	* RAM: 64KB
	80
42.17	81	(% style="color:#037691" %)Common DC Characteristics:
6.2	82
72.5	83	* Supply Voltage: Built-in Battery , 2.5v ~~ 3.6v
6.2	84	* Operating Temperature: -40 ~~ 85°C
	85
42.17	86	(% style="color:#037691" %)LoRa Spec:
6.2	87
57.1	88	* Frequency Range, Band 1 (HF): 862 ~~ 1020 Mhz,Band 2 (LF): 410 ~~ 528 Mhz
6.2	89	* Max +22 dBm constant RF output vs.
	90	* RX sensitivity: down to -139 dBm.
	91	* Excellent blocking immunity
	92
42.17	93	(% style="color:#037691" %)Current Input Measuring :
6.2	94
	95	* Range: 0 ~~ 20mA
	96	* Accuracy: 0.02mA
	97	* Resolution: 0.001mA
	98
42.17	99	(% style="color:#037691" %)Voltage Input Measuring:
6.2	100
	101	* Range: 0 ~~ 30v
	102	* Accuracy: 0.02v
	103	* Resolution: 0.001v
	104
42.17	105	(% style="color:#037691" %)Battery:
6.2	106
	107	* Li/SOCI2 un-chargeable battery
	108	* Capacity: 8500mAh
	109	* Self-Discharge: <1% / Year @ 25°C
	110	* Max continuously current: 130mA
	111	* Max boost current: 2A, 1 second
	112
42.17	113	(% style="color:#037691" %)Power Consumption
6.2	114
	115	* Sleep Mode: 5uA @ 3.3v
	116	* LoRa Transmit Mode: 125mA @ 20dBm, 82mA @ 14dBm
	117
9.2	118	== 1.4 Probe Types ==
6.2	119
9.2	120	=== 1.4.1 Thread Installation Type ===
6.2	121
	122
9.2	123	[[image:1675071448299-229.png]]
6.2	124
9.2	125	* Hersman Pressure Transmitter
	126	* Measuring Range: -0.1 ~~ 0 ~~ 60MPa, see order info.
	127	* Accuracy: 0.2% F.S
	128	* Long-Term Stability: 0.2% F.S ±0.05%
	129	* Overload 200% F.S
	130	* Zero Temperature Drift: 0.03% FS/℃(≤100Kpa), 0.02%FS/℃(＞100Kpa)
	131	* FS Temperature Drift: 0.003% FS/℃(≤100Kpa), 0.002%FS/℃(＞100Kpa)
	132	* Storage temperature: -30℃~~80℃
	133	* Operating temperature: -20℃~~60℃
	134	* Connector Type: Various Types, see order info
6.2	135
9.2	136	=== 1.4.2 Immersion Type ===
6.2	137
	138
98.2	139	[[image:image-20240109160445-5.png\|\|height="221" width="166"]]
9.2	140
	141	* Immersion Type, Probe IP Level: IP68
	142	* Measuring Range: Measure range can be customized, up to 100m.
	143	* Accuracy: 0.2% F.S
	144	* Long-Term Stability: ±0.2% F.S / Year
98.3	145	* Storage temperature: -30°C~~80°C
	146	* Operating temperature: 0°C~~50°C
9.2	147	* Material: 316 stainless steels
	148
80.1	149	=== 1.4.3 Wireless Differential Air Pressure Sensor ===
	150
	151	[[image:image-20240511174954-1.png]]
	152
90.1	153	* Measuring Range: -100KPa~~0~~100KPa(Optional measuring range).
80.1	154	* Accuracy: 0.5% F.S, resolution is 0.05%.
	155	* Overload: 300% F.S
	156	* Zero temperature drift: ±0.03%F.S/°C
98.3	157	* Operating temperature: -20°C~~60°C
	158	* Storage temperature: -20°C~~60°C
80.1	159	* Compensation temperature: 0~~50°C
	160
72.4	161	== 1.5 Application and Installation ==
13.2	162
72.4	163	=== 1.5.1 Thread Installation Type ===
13.2	164
	165
42.17	166	(% style="color:blue" %)Application:
6.2	167
	168	* Hydraulic Pressure
	169	* Petrochemical Industry
	170	* Health and Medical
	171	* Food & Beverage Processing
	172	* Auto-controlling house
	173	* Constant Pressure Water Supply
	174	* Liquid Pressure measuring
	175
	176	Order the suitable thread size and install to measure the air / liquid pressure
	177
13.2	178	[[image:1675071670469-145.png]]
6.2	179
	180
72.4	181	=== 1.5.2 Immersion Type ===
6.2	182
	183
42.17	184	(% style="color:blue" %)Application:
6.2	185
	186	Liquid & Water Pressure / Level detect.
	187
13.2	188	[[image:1675071725288-579.png]]
6.2	189
	190
89.1	191	Below is the wiring to for connect the probe to the device.
6.2	192
74.1	193	The Immersion Type Sensor has different variant which defined by Ixx. For example, this means two points:
6.2	194
74.1	195	* Cable Length: 10 Meters
	196	* Water Detect Range: 0 ~~ 10 Meters.
	197
13.2	198	[[image:1675071736646-450.png]]
6.2	199
	200
13.2	201	[[image:1675071776102-240.png]]
6.2	202
	203
88.1	204
	205	=== 1.5.3 Wireless Differential Air Pressure Sensor ===
	206
	207
	208	(% style="color:blue" %)Application:
	209
	210	Indoor Air Control & Filter clogging Detect.
	211
	212	[[image:image-20240513100129-6.png]]
	213
	214	[[image:image-20240513100135-7.png]]
	215
	216
89.1	217	Below is the wiring to for connect the probe to the device.
88.1	218
	219	[[image:image-20240513093957-1.png]]
	220
	221
	222	Size of wind pressure transmitter:
	223
	224	[[image:image-20240513094047-2.png]]
	225
	226	Note: The above dimensions are measured by hand, and the numerical error of the shell is within ±0.2mm.
	227
	228
72.4	229	== 1.6 Sleep mode and working mode ==
6.2	230
	231
42.17	232	(% style="color:blue" %)Deep Sleep Mode: (%%)Sensor doesn't have any LoRaWAN activate. This mode is used for storage and shipping to save battery life.
6.2	233
42.17	234	(% style="color:blue" %)Working Mode: (%%)In this mode, Sensor will work as LoRaWAN Sensor to Join LoRaWAN network and send out sensor data to server. Between each sampling/tx/rx periodically, sensor will be in IDLE mode), in IDLE mode, sensor has the same power consumption as Deep Sleep mode.
6.2	235
	236
72.4	237	== 1.7 Button & LEDs ==
6.2	238
	239
71.2	240	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/RS485-LB_Waterproof_RS485UART_to_LoRaWAN_Converter/WebHome/image-20240103160425-4.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20240103160425-4.png"]](% style="display:none" %)
6.2	241
53.28	242	(% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:510px" %)
72.15	243	\|=(% style="width: 167px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)Behavior on ACT\|=(% style="width: 117px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)Function\|=(% style="width: 226px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)Action
53.2	244	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:167px" %)Pressing ACT between 1s < time < 3s\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:117px" %)Send an uplink\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:225px" %)(((
42.17	245	If sensor is already Joined to LoRaWAN network, sensor will send an uplink packet, (% style="color:blue" %)blue led (%%)will blink once.
6.2	246	Meanwhile, BLE module will be active and user can connect via BLE to configure device.
	247	)))
53.2	248	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:167px" %)Pressing ACT for more than 3s\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:117px" %)Active Device\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:225px" %)(((
	249	(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; color:green" %)Green led(%%) will fast blink 5 times, device will enter (% style="color:#037691" %)OTA mode(%%) for 3 seconds. And then start to JOIN LoRaWAN network.
	250	(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; color:green" %)Green led(%%) will solidly turn on for 5 seconds after joined in network.
6.2	251	Once sensor is active, BLE module will be active and user can connect via BLE to configure device, no matter if device join or not join LoRaWAN network.
	252	)))
62.8	253	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:167px" %)Fast press ACT 5 times.\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:117px" %)Deactivate Device\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:225px" %)(% style="color:red" %)Red led(%%) will solid on for 5 seconds. Means PS-LB is in Deep Sleep Mode.
6.2	254
72.4	255	== 1.8 Pin Mapping ==
6.2	256
	257
15.2	258	[[image:1675072568006-274.png]]
6.2	259
	260
72.4	261	== 1.9 BLE connection ==
6.2	262
	263
72.7	264	PS-LB/LS support BLE remote configure.
6.2	265
	266
	267	BLE can be used to configure the parameter of sensor or see the console output from sensor. BLE will be only activate on below case:
	268
	269	* Press button to send an uplink
	270	* Press button to active device.
	271	* Device Power on or reset.
	272
	273	If there is no activity connection on BLE in 60 seconds, sensor will shut down BLE module to enter low power mode.
	274
	275
72.4	276	== 1.10 Mechanical ==
6.2	277
98.3	278	=== 1.10.1 for LB version ===
6.2	279
	280
72.2	281	[[image:image-20240109160800-6.png]]
6.2	282
	283
72.4	284	=== 1.10.2 for LS version ===
6.2	285
72.2	286
	287	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/SN50v3-LB/WebHome/image-20231231203439-3.png?width=886&height=385&rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20231231203439-3.png"]]
	288
	289
72.8	290	= 2. Configure PS-LB/LS to connect to LoRaWAN network =
26.2	291
	292	== 2.1 How it works ==
	293
	294
72.8	295	The PS-LB/LS is configured as (% style="color:#037691" %)LoRaWAN OTAA Class A(%%) mode by default. It has OTAA keys to join LoRaWAN network. To connect a local LoRaWAN network, you need to input the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN IoT server and activate the PS-LB/LS. It will automatically join the network via OTAA and start to send the sensor value. The default uplink interval is 20 minutes.
6.2	296
	297
26.2	298	== 2.2 Quick guide to connect to LoRaWAN server (OTAA) ==
	299
	300
6.2	301	Following is an example for how to join the [[TTN v3 LoRaWAN Network>>url:https://console.cloud.thethings.network/]]. Below is the network structure; we use the [[LPS8v2>>url:https://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/228-lps8v2.html]] as a LoRaWAN gateway in this example.
	302
26.2	303	[[image:1675144005218-297.png]]
6.2	304
	305
	306	The LPS8V2 is already set to connected to [[TTN network >>url:https://console.cloud.thethings.network/]], so what we need to now is configure the TTN server.
	307
	308
72.8	309	(% style="color:blue" %)Step 1:(%%) Create a device in TTN with the OTAA keys from PS-LB/LS.
6.2	310
72.8	311	Each PS-LB/LS is shipped with a sticker with the default device EUI as below:
6.2	312
54.3	313	[[image:image-20230426085320-1.png\|\|height="234" width="504"]]
6.2	314
	315
	316	You can enter this key in the LoRaWAN Server portal. Below is TTN screen shot:
	317
	318
42.17	319	(% style="color:blue" %)Register the device
6.2	320
26.2	321	[[image:1675144099263-405.png]]
6.2	322
	323
42.17	324	(% style="color:blue" %)Add APP EUI and DEV EUI
6.2	325
26.2	326	[[image:1675144117571-832.png]]
6.2	327
	328
42.17	329	(% style="color:blue" %)Add APP EUI in the application
6.2	330
	331
26.2	332	[[image:1675144143021-195.png]]
6.2	333
	334
42.17	335	(% style="color:blue" %)Add APP KEY
6.2	336
26.2	337	[[image:1675144157838-392.png]]
6.2	338
72.8	339	(% style="color:blue" %)Step 2:(%%) Activate on PS-LB/LS
6.2	340
	341
72.8	342	Press the button for 5 seconds to activate the PS-LB/LS.
6.2	343
42.17	344	(% style="color:green" %)Green led(%%) will fast blink 5 times, device will enter (% style="color:blue" %)OTA mode(%%) for 3 seconds. And then start to JOIN LoRaWAN network. (% style="color:green" %)Green led(%%) will solidly turn on for 5 seconds after joined in network.
6.2	345
	346	After join success, it will start to upload messages to TTN and you can see the messages in the panel.
	347
	348
27.2	349	== 2.3 Uplink Payload ==
6.2	350
27.2	351	=== 2.3.1 Device Status, FPORT~=5 ===
6.2	352
	353
72.8	354	Include device configure status. Once PS-LB/LS Joined the network, it will uplink this message to the server.
6.2	355
72.8	356	Users can also use the downlink command(0x26 01) to ask PS-LB/LS to resend this uplink.
6.2	357
53.28	358	(% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:510px" %)
73.2	359	\|(% colspan="6" style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white" %)Device Status (FPORT=5)
53.3	360	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:103px" %)Size (bytes)\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:72px" %)1\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2" %)2\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:91px" %)1\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:86px" %)1\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:44px" %)2
	361	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:103px" %)Value\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:72px" %)Sensor Model\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2" %)Firmware Version\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:91px" %)Frequency Band\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:86px" %)Sub-band\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:44px" %)BAT
6.2	362
	363	Example parse in TTNv3
	364
27.2	365	[[image:1675144504430-490.png]]
6.2	366
	367
72.8	368	(% style="color:#037691" %)Sensor Model(%%): For PS-LB/LS, this value is 0x16
6.2	369
42.17	370	(% style="color:#037691" %)Firmware Version(%%): 0x0100, Means: v1.0.0 version
6.2	371
42.17	372	(% style="color:#037691" %)Frequency Band:
6.2	373
	374	*0x01: EU868
	375
	376	*0x02: US915
	377
	378	*0x03: IN865
	379
	380	*0x04: AU915
	381
	382	*0x05: KZ865
	383
	384	*0x06: RU864
	385
	386	*0x07: AS923
	387
	388	*0x08: AS923-1
	389
	390	*0x09: AS923-2
	391
	392	*0x0a: AS923-3
	393
	394	*0x0b: CN470
	395
	396	*0x0c: EU433
	397
	398	*0x0d: KR920
	399
	400	*0x0e: MA869
	401
	402
42.17	403	(% style="color:#037691" %)Sub-Band:
6.2	404
	405	AU915 and US915:value 0x00 ~~ 0x08
	406
	407	CN470: value 0x0B ~~ 0x0C
	408
	409	Other Bands: Always 0x00
	410
	411
42.17	412	(% style="color:#037691" %)Battery Info:
6.2	413
	414	Check the battery voltage.
	415
	416	Ex1: 0x0B45 = 2885mV
	417
	418	Ex2: 0x0B49 = 2889mV
	419
	420
42.11	421	=== 2.3.2 Sensor value, FPORT~=2 ===
6.2	422
	423
	424	Uplink payload includes in total 9 bytes.
	425
	426
53.4	427	(% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:510px" %)
73.2	428	\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:97px" %)(((
37.2	429	Size(bytes)
73.2	430	)))\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:48px" %)2\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:71px" %)2\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:98px" %)2\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:73px" %)2\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:122px" %)1
60.4	431	\|(% style="width:97px" %)Value\|(% style="width:48px" %)[[BAT>>\|\|anchor="H2.3.3BatteryInfo"]]\|(% style="width:71px" %)[[Probe Model>>\|\|anchor="H2.3.4ProbeModel"]]\|(% style="width:98px" %)[[0 ~~~~ 20mA value>>\|\|anchor="H2.3.507E20mAvalue28IDC_IN29"]]\|(% style="width:73px" %)[[0 ~~~~ 30v value>>\|\|anchor="H2.3.607E30Vvalue28pinVDC_IN29"]]\|(% style="width:122px" %)[[IN1 &IN2 Interrupt flag>>\|\|anchor="H2.3.7IN126IN226INTpin"]]
6.2	432
37.2	433	[[image:1675144608950-310.png]]
6.2	434
	435
47.1	436	=== 2.3.3 Battery Info ===
45.1	437
	438
72.8	439	Check the battery voltage for PS-LB/LS.
6.2	440
	441	Ex1: 0x0B45 = 2885mV
	442
	443	Ex2: 0x0B49 = 2889mV
	444
	445
47.1	446	=== 2.3.4 Probe Model ===
45.1	447
6.2	448
72.8	449	PS-LB/LS has different kind of probe, 4~~20mA represent the full scale of the measuring range. So a 12mA output means different meaning for different probe.
6.2	450
	451
53.6	452	For example.
6.2	453
53.28	454	(% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:510px" %)
73.2	455	\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white" %)Part Number\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white" %)Probe Used\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white" %)4~~20mA scale\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white" %)Example: 12mA meaning
72.8	456	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2" %)PS-LB/LS-I3\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2" %)immersion type with 3 meters cable\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2" %)0~~3 meters\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2" %)1.5 meters pure water
	457	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2" %)PS-LB/LS-I5\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2" %)immersion type with 5 meters cable\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2" %)0~~5 meters\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2" %)2.5 meters pure water
	458	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2" %)PS-LB/LS-T20-B\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2" %)T20 threaded probe\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2" %)0~~1MPa\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2" %)0.5MPa air / gas or water pressure
6.2	459
47.1	460	The probe model field provides the convenient for server to identical how it should parse the 4~~20mA sensor value and get the correct value.
6.2	461
	462
47.1	463	=== 2.3.5 0~~20mA value (IDC_IN) ===
37.2	464
47.1	465
50.1	466	The output value from Pressure Probe, use together with Probe Model to get the pressure value or water level.
6.2	467
42.17	468	(% style="color:#037691" %)Example:
6.2	469
	470	27AE(H) = 10158 (D)/1000 = 10.158mA.
	471
	472
50.1	473	Instead of pressure probe, User can also connect a general 4~~20mA in this port to support different types of 4~~20mA sensors. below is the connection example:
	474
	475	[[image:image-20230225154759-1.png\|\|height="408" width="741"]]
	476
	477
99.2	478	=== 2.3.6 0~~30V value (pin VDC_IN) ===
6.2	479
37.2	480
6.2	481	Measure the voltage value. The range is 0 to 30V.
	482
42.17	483	(% style="color:#037691" %)Example:
6.2	484
	485	138E(H) = 5006(D)/1000= 5.006V
	486
	487
47.1	488	=== 2.3.7 IN1&IN2&INT pin ===
6.2	489
37.2	490
6.2	491	IN1 and IN2 are used as digital input pins.
	492
42.17	493	(% style="color:#037691" %)Example:
6.2	494
42.17	495	09 (H): (0x09&0x08)>>3=1 IN1 pin is high level.
6.2	496
42.17	497	09 (H): (0x09&0x04)>>2=0 IN2 pin is low level.
6.2	498
	499
53.18	500	This data field shows if this packet is generated by (% style="color:blue" %)Interrupt Pin (%%)or not. [[Click here>>\|\|anchor="H3.3.2SetInterruptMode"]] for the hardware and software set up. Note: The Internet Pin is a separate pin in the screw terminal.
6.2	501
42.17	502	(% style="color:#037691" %)Example:
6.2	503
42.17	504	09 (H): (0x09&0x02)>>1=1 The level of the interrupt pin.
6.2	505
42.17	506	09 (H): 0x09&0x01=1 0x00: Normal uplink packet.
6.2	507
	508	0x01: Interrupt Uplink Packet.
	509
50.2	510
72.10	511	=== 2.3.8 Sensor value, FPORT~=7 ===
6.2	512
47.1	513
72.12	514	(% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:500px" %)
73.2	515	\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:65px" %)(((
47.1	516	Size(bytes)
73.2	517	)))\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:35px" %)2\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:400px" %)n
60.3	518	\|(% style="width:94px" %)Value\|(% style="width:43px" %)[[BAT>>\|\|anchor="H2.3.3BatteryInfo"]]\|(% style="width:367px" %)(((
47.1	519	Voltage value, each 2 bytes is a set of voltage values.
	520	)))
	521
	522	[[image:image-20230220171300-1.png\|\|height="207" width="863"]]
	523
	524	Multiple sets of data collected are displayed in this form：
	525
48.1	526	[voltage value1], [voltage value2], [voltage value3],…[voltage value n/2]
47.1	527
	528
45.2	529	=== 2.3.9 Decode payload in The Things Network ===
6.2	530
	531
37.2	532	While using TTN network, you can add the payload format to decode the payload.
6.2	533
37.2	534	[[image:1675144839454-913.png]]
6.2	535
	536
72.8	537	PS-LB/LS TTN Payload Decoder: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/dragino-end-node-decoder>>url:https://github.com/dragino/dragino-end-node-decoder]]
6.2	538
	539
37.2	540	== 2.4 Uplink Interval ==
6.2	541
	542
72.8	543	The PS-LB/LS by default uplink the sensor data every 20 minutes. User can change this interval by AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink Command. See this link: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/#H4.1ChangeUplinkInterval>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/#H4.1ChangeUplinkInterval\|\|style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"]]
6.2	544
	545
37.2	546	== 2.5 Show Data in DataCake IoT Server ==
6.2	547
	548
	549	[[DATACAKE>>url:https://datacake.co/]] provides a human friendly interface to show the sensor data, once we have data in TTN, we can use [[DATACAKE>>url:https://datacake.co/]] to connect to TTN and see the data in DATACAKE. Below are the steps:
	550
42.17	551	(% style="color:blue" %)Step 1: (%%)Be sure that your device is programmed and properly connected to the network at this time.
6.2	552
42.17	553	(% style="color:blue" %)Step 2:(%%) To configure the Application to forward data to DATACAKE you will need to add integration. To add the DATACAKE integration, perform the following steps:
6.2	554
37.2	555	[[image:1675144951092-237.png]]
6.2	556
	557
37.2	558	[[image:1675144960452-126.png]]
6.2	559
	560
42.17	561	(% style="color:blue" %)Step 3:(%%) Create an account or log in Datacake.
6.2	562
72.8	563	(% style="color:blue" %)Step 4: (%%)Create PS-LB/LS product.
6.2	564
37.2	565	[[image:1675145004465-869.png]]
6.2	566
	567
37.2	568	[[image:1675145018212-853.png]]
6.2	569
	570
37.2	571	[[image:1675145029119-717.png]]
6.2	572
	573
42.17	574	(% style="color:blue" %)Step 5: (%%)add payload decode
6.2	575
37.2	576	[[image:1675145051360-659.png]]
6.2	577
	578
37.2	579	[[image:1675145060812-420.png]]
6.2	580
	581
	582	After added, the sensor data arrive TTN, it will also arrive and show in Datacake.
	583
37.2	584	[[image:1675145081239-376.png]]
6.2	585
	586
93.1	587	== 2.6 Datalog Feature (Since V1.1) ==
6.2	588
99.2	589
93.1	590	When a user wants to retrieve sensor value, he can send a poll command from the IoT platform to ask the sensor to send value in the required time slot.
6.2	591
93.1	592
	593	=== 2.6.1 Unix TimeStamp ===
	594
99.2	595
101.3	596	PS-LB uses Unix TimeStamp format based on
93.1	597
	598	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/CPL01%20LoRaWAN%20Outdoor%20PulseContact%20%20Sensor%20Manual/WebHome/1652861618065-927.png?width=705&height=109&rev=1.1\|\|alt="1652861618065-927.png" height="109" width="705"]]
	599
	600	Users can get this time from the link: [[https:~~/~~/www.epochconverter.com/>>url:https://www.epochconverter.com/]] :
	601
	602	Below is the converter example:
	603
	604	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/CPL01%20LoRaWAN%20Outdoor%20PulseContact%20%20Sensor%20Manual/WebHome/1652861637105-371.png?width=732&height=428&rev=1.1\|\|alt="1652861637105-371.png"]]
	605
	606
	607	=== 2.6.2 Set Device Time ===
	608
99.2	609
93.1	610	There are two ways to set the device's time:
	611
	612
	613	(% style="color:blue" %)1. Through LoRaWAN MAC Command (Default settings)
	614
	615	Users need to set SYNCMOD=1 to enable sync time via the MAC command.
	616
	617	Once CPL01 Joined the LoRaWAN network, it will send the MAC command (DeviceTimeReq) and the server will reply with (DeviceTimeAns) to send the current time to CPL01. If CPL01 fails to get the time from the server, CPL01 will use the internal time and wait for the next time request ~[[[via Device Status (FPORT=5)>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/CPL01%20LoRaWAN%20Outdoor%20PulseContact%20%20Sensor%20Manual/#H2.3.1DeviceStatus2CFPORT3D5]]].
	618
	619	(% style="color:red" %)Note: LoRaWAN Server needs to support LoRaWAN v1.0.3(MAC v1.0.3) or higher to support this MAC command feature.
	620
	621
	622	(% style="color:blue" %) 2. Manually Set Time
	623
	624	Users need to set SYNCMOD=0 to manual time, otherwise, the user set time will be overwritten by the time set by the server.
	625
	626
	627	=== 2.6.3 Poll sensor value ===
	628
99.2	629
93.1	630	Users can poll sensor values based on timestamps. Below is the downlink command.
	631
	632	(% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:470px" %)
	633	\|=(% colspan="4" style="width: 154px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)Downlink Command to poll Open/Close status (0x31)
	634	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:70px" %)1byte\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:140px" %)4bytes\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:140px" %)(((
	635	(((
	636	4bytes
	637	)))
	638
98.4	639
99.2	640
93.1	641	)))\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:150px" %)1byte
	642	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:70px" %)31\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:140px" %)Timestamp start\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:140px" %)Timestamp end\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:150px" %)Uplink Interval
	643
	644	Timestamp start and Timestamp end-use Unix TimeStamp format as mentioned above. Devices will reply with all data logs during this period, using the uplink interval.
	645
	646	For example, downlink command[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/CPL01%20LoRaWAN%20Outdoor%20PulseContact%20%20Sensor%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220518162852-1.png?rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20220518162852-1.png"]]
	647
	648	Is to check 2021/11/12 12:00:00 to 2021/11/12 15:00:00's data
	649
101.2	650	Uplink Internal =5s，means PS-LB will send one packet every 5s. range 5~~255s.
93.1	651
	652
	653	=== 2.6.4 Decoder in TTN V3 ===
	654
	655	[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/CPL01%20LoRaWAN%20Outdoor%20PulseContact%20%20Sensor%20Manual/WebHome/1652862574387-195.png?width=722&height=359&rev=1.1\|\|alt="1652862574387-195.png" height="359" width="722"]]
	656
	657	Please check the decoder from this link: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/dragino-end-node-decoder>>url:https://github.com/dragino/dragino-end-node-decoder]]
	658
	659
	660	== 2.7 Frequency Plans ==
	661
	662
73.4	663	The PS-LB/LS uses OTAA mode and below frequency plans by default. Each frequency band use different firmware, user update the firmware to the corresponding band for their country.
6.2	664
98.1	665	[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20Frequency%20Band/a>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20Frequency%20Band/]]
6.2	666
	667
101.1	668	== 2.8 Report on Change Feature (Since firmware V1.2) ==
6.2	669
98.1	670	=== 2.8.1 Uplink payload(Enable ROC) ===
	671
	672
	673	Used to Monitor the IDC and VDC increments, and send ROC uplink when the IDC or VDC changes exceed.
	674
	675	With ROC enabled, the payload is as follows:
	676
98.5	677	(% border="1" cellspacing="3" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:510px" %)
98.1	678	\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:97px" %)(((
	679	Size(bytes)
	680	)))\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:48px" %)2\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:71px" %)2\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:98px" %)2\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:73px" %)2\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:122px" %)1
	681	\|(% style="width:97px" %)Value\|(% style="width:48px" %)[[BAT>>\|\|anchor="H2.3.3BatteryInfo"]]\|(% style="width:71px" %)[[Probe Model>>\|\|anchor="H2.3.4ProbeModel"]]\|(% style="width:98px" %)[[0 ~~~~ 20mA value>>\|\|anchor="H2.3.507E20mAvalue28IDC_IN29"]]\|(% style="width:73px" %)[[0 ~~~~ 30v value>>\|\|anchor="H2.3.607E30Vvalue28pinVDC_IN29"]]\|(% style="width:122px" %)(((
98.5	682	[[IN1 &IN2 Interrupt flag>>\|\|anchor="H2.3.7IN126IN226INTpin"]] & ROC_flag
98.1	683	)))
	684
	685	(% style="color:blue" %)IN1 &IN2 , Interrupt flag , ROC_flag:
	686
98.5	687	(% border="1" cellspacing="3" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:515px" %)
	688	\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:50px" %)Size(bit)\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:60px" %)bit7\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:62px" %)bit6\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:62px" %)bit5\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:65px" %)bit4\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:56px" %)bit3\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:55px" %)bit2\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:55px" %)bit1\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:50px" %)bit0
98.1	689	\|(% style="width:75px" %)Value\|(% style="width:89px" %)IDC_Roc_flagL\|(% style="width:46.5834px" %)IDC_Roc_flagH\|(% style="width:1px" %)VDC_Roc_flagL\|(% style="width:89px" %)VDC_Roc_flagH\|(% style="width:89px" %)IN1_pin_level\|(% style="width:103px" %)IN2_pin_level\|(% style="width:103px" %)Exti_pin_level\|(% style="width:103px" %)Exti_status
	690
	691	* (% style="color:#037691" %)IDC_Roc_flagL
	692
	693	80 (H): (0x80&0x80)=80(H)=1000 0000(B) bit7=1, "TRUE", This uplink is triggered when the decrease in the IDC compared to the last ROC refresh exceeds the set threshold.
	694
	695	60 (H): (0x60&0x80)=0 bit7=0, "FALSE", This uplink is not triggered when the decrease in the IDC compared to the last ROC refresh exceeds the set threshold.
	696
	697
	698	* (% style="color:#037691" %)IDC_Roc_flagH
	699
	700	60 (H): (0x60&0x40)=60(H)=01000 0000(B) bit6=1, "TRUE", This uplink is triggered when the increase in the value of the IDC compared to the last ROC refresh exceeds the set threshold.
	701
	702	80 (H): (0x80&0x40)=0 bit6=0, "FALSE", This uplink is not triggered when the increase in the value of the IDC compared to the last ROC refresh exceeds the set threshold.
	703
	704
	705	* (% style="color:#037691" %)VDC_Roc_flagL
	706
	707	20 (H): (0x20&0x20)=20(H)=0010 0000(B) bit5=1, "TRUE", This uplink is triggered when the decrease in the VDC compared to the last ROC refresh exceeds the set threshold.
	708
	709	90 (H): (0x90&0x20)=0 bit5=0, "FALSE", This uplink is not triggered when the decrease in the VDC compared to the last ROC refresh exceeds the set threshold.
	710
	711
	712	* (% style="color:#037691" %)VDC_Roc_flagH
	713
	714	90 (H): (0x90&0x10)=10(H)=0001 0000(B) bit4=1, "TRUE", This uplink is triggered when the increase in the value of the VDC compared to the last ROC refresh exceeds the set threshold.
	715
	716	20 (H): (0x20&0x10)=0 bit4=0, "FALSE", This uplink is not triggered when the increase in the value of the VDC compared to the last ROC refresh exceeds the set threshold.
	717
	718
	719	* (% style="color:#037691" %)IN1_pin_level & IN2_pin_level
	720
	721	IN1 and IN2 are used as digital input pins.
	722
	723	80 (H): (0x80&0x08)=0 IN1 pin is low level.
	724
	725	80 (H): (0x09&0x04)=0 IN2 pin is low level.
	726
	727
	728	* (% style="color:#037691" %)Exti_pin_level &Exti_status
	729
	730	This data field shows whether the packet is generated by an interrupt pin.
	731
	732	Note: The Internet pin of the old motherboard is a separate pin in the screw terminal, and the interrupt pin of the new motherboard(SIB V1.3) is the GPIO_EXTI pin.
	733
	734	Exti_pin_level: 80 (H): (0x80&0x02)=0 "low", The level of the interrupt pin.
	735
	736	Exti_status: 80 (H): (0x80&0x01)=0 "False", Normal uplink packet.
	737
	738
	739	=== 2.8.2 Set the Report on Change ===
	740
	741
103.1	742	Feature: Get or Set the Report on Change.
	743
	744
	745	==== 2.8.2.1 Wave alarm mode ====
	746
	747	Feature: By setting the detection period and a change value, the IDC/VDC variable is monitored whether it exceeds the set change value. If this change value is exceeded, the ROC uplink is sent and the comparison value is flushed.
	748
	749	* (% style="color:#037691" %)Change value: (%%)The amount by which the next detection value increases/decreases relative to the previous detection value.
	750	* (% style="color:#037691" %)Comparison value:(%%) A parameter to compare with the latest ROC test.
	751
98.1	752	(% style="color:blue" %)AT Command: AT+ROC
	753
103.1	754	(% border="1" cellspacing="3" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:510px" %)
	755	\|=(% style="width: 163px; background-color: rgb(79, 129, 189); color: white;" %)Command Example\|=(% style="width: 154px; background-color: rgb(79, 129, 189); color: white;" %)Parameters\|=(% style="width: 197px; background-color: rgb(79, 129, 189); color: white;" %)Response/Explanation
	756	\|(% style="width:143px" %)AT+ROC=?\|(% style="width:154px" %)Show current ROC setting\|(% style="width:197px" %)(((
98.1	757	0,0,0,0(default)
	758	OK
	759	)))
	760	\|(% colspan="1" rowspan="4" style="width:143px" %)(((
	761
	762
	763
	764
	765	AT+ROC=a,b,c,d
103.1	766	)))\|(% style="width:154px" %)(((
	767
98.1	768
103.1	769
	770
	771
	772
	773	a: Enable or disable the ROC
	774	)))\|(% style="width:197px" %)(((
	775	0: off
	776	1: Turn on the wave alarm mode, send the ROC uplink when the increment exceeds the set parameter and refresh the comparison value.
	777
104.1	778	2: Turn on the wave alarm mode, send the ROC uplink when the increment exceeds the set parameter and refresh the comparison value. In addition, the comparison value is refreshed when the device sends packets ([[TDC>>\|\|anchor="H3.3.1SetTransmitIntervalTime"]] or [[ACT>>\|\|anchor="H1.7Button26LEDs"]]).
98.1	779	)))
103.1	780	\|(% style="width:154px" %)b: Set the detection interval\|(% style="width:197px" %)(((
	781	Range: 0~~65535s
	782	)))
	783	\|(% style="width:154px" %)c: Setting the IDC change value\|(% style="width:197px" %)Unit: uA
	784	\|(% style="width:154px" %)d: Setting the VDC change value\|(% style="width:197px" %)Unit: mV
98.1	785
	786	Example:
	787
103.1	788	* AT+ROC=0,0,0,0 ~/~/The ROC function is not used.
	789	* AT+ROC=1,60,3000, 500 ~/~/ Check value every 60 seconds. lf there is change in IDC (>3mA) or VDC (>500mV), sends an ROC uplink, and the comparison value is refreshed.
	790	* AT+ROC=1,60,3000,0 ~/~/ Check value every 60 seconds. lf there is change in IDC (>3mA), send an ROC uplink and the comparison value of IDC is refreshed. dd=0 Means doesn't monitor Voltage.
	791	* AT+ROC=2,60,3000,0 ~/~/ Check value every 60 seconds. lf there is change in IDC (>3mA), send an ROC uplink and the comparison value of IDC is refreshed. dd=0 Means doesn't monitor Voltage. In addition, if the change in the IDC does not exceed 3mA, then the ROC uplink is not sent, and the comparison value is not refreshed by the ROC uplink packet. However, if the device TDC time arrives, or if the user manually sends packets, then the IDC comparison value is also refreshed.
98.1	792
	793	(% style="color:blue" %)Downlink Command: 0x09 aa bb cc dd
	794
	795	Format: Function code (0x09) followed by 4 bytes.
	796
103.1	797	(% style="color:blue" %)aa: (% style="color:#037691" %)1 byte;(%%) Set the wave alarm mode.
98.1	798
103.1	799	(% style="color:blue" %)bb: (% style="color:#037691" %)2 bytes;(%%) Set the detection interval. (second)
98.1	800
103.1	801	(% style="color:blue" %)cc: (% style="color:#037691" %)2 bytes;(%%) Setting the IDC change threshold. (uA)
98.1	802
103.1	803	(% style="color:blue" %)dd: (% style="color:#037691" %)2 bytes;(%%) Setting the VDC change threshold. (mV)
98.1	804
	805	Example:
	806
103.1	807	* Downlink Payload: 09 01 00 3C 0B B8 01 F4 ~/~/Equal to AT+ROC=1,60,3000, 500
	808	* Downlink Payload: 09 01 00 3C 0B B8 00 00 ~/~/Equal to AT+ROC=1,60,3000,0
	809	* Downlink Payload: 09 02 00 3C 0B B8 00 00 ~/~/Equal to AT+ROC=2,60,3000,0
98.1	810
	811	(% style="color:blue" %)Screenshot of parsing example in TTN:
	812
	813	* AT+ROC=1,60,3000, 500.
	814
99.2	815	[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/PS-LB-NA--LoRaWAN_Analog_Sensor_User_Manual/WebHome/image-20241019170902-1.png?width=1454&height=450&rev=1.1\|\|alt="image-20241019170902-1.png"]]
98.1	816
	817
103.1	818	==== 2.8.2.2 Over-threshold alarm mode ====
	819
	820	Feature: Monitors whether the IDC/VDC exceeds the threshold by setting the detection period and threshold. Alarm if the threshold is exceeded.
	821
	822	(% style="color:blue" %)AT Command: AT+ROC=3,a,b,c,d,e
	823
	824	(% border="1" cellspacing="3" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:510px" %)
	825	\|=(% style="width: 163px; background-color: rgb(79, 129, 189); color: white;" %)Command Example\|=(% style="width: 160px; background-color: rgb(79, 129, 189); color: white;" %)Parameters\|=(% style="width: 185px; background-color: rgb(79, 129, 189); color: white;" %)Response/Explanation
	826	\|(% style="width:143px" %)AT+ROC=?\|(% style="width:160px" %)Show current ROC setting\|(% style="width:185px" %)(((
	827	0,0,0,0(default)
	828	OK
	829	)))
	830	\|(% colspan="1" rowspan="5" style="width:143px" %)(((
	831
	832
	833
	834
	835	AT+ROC=(% style="color:blue" %)3(%%),a,b,c,d,e
	836	)))\|(% style="width:160px" %)(((
	837	a: Set the detection interval
	838	)))\|(% style="width:185px" %)(((
	839	Range: 0~~65535s
	840	)))
	841	\|(% style="width:160px" %)b: Set the IDC alarm trigger condition\|(% style="width:185px" %)(((
	842	0: Less than the set IDC threshold, Alarm
	843
	844	1: Greater than the set IDC threshold, Alarm
	845	)))
108.1	846	\|(% style="width:160px" %)(((
	847	c: IDC alarm threshold
	848	)))\|(% style="width:185px" %)(((
	849	Unit: uA
	850	)))
	851	\|(% style="width:160px" %)d: Set the VDC alarm trigger condition\|(% style="width:185px" %)(((
103.1	852	0: Less than the set VDC threshold, Alarm
	853
	854	1: Greater than the set VDC threshold, Alarm
	855	)))
	856	\|(% style="width:160px" %)e: VDC alarm threshold\|(% style="width:185px" %)Unit: mV
	857
	858	Example:
	859
108.1	860	* AT+ROC=3,60,0,3000,0,5000 ~/~/The data is checked every 60 seconds. If the IDC is less than 3mA or the VDC is less than 5000mV, an alarm is generated.
	861	* AT+ROC=3,180,1,3000,1,5000 ~/~/The data is checked every 180 seconds. If the IDC is greater than 3mA or the VDC is greater than 5000mV, an alarm is generated.
	862	* AT+ROC=3,300,0,3000,1,5000 ~/~/The data is checked every 300 seconds. If the IDC is less than 3mA or the VDC is greater than 5000mV, an alarm is generated.
103.1	863
	864	(% style="color:blue" %)Downlink Command: 0x09 03 aa bb cc dd ee
	865
	866	Format: Function code (0x09) followed by 03 and the remaining 5 bytes.
	867
	868	(% style="color:blue" %)aa: (% style="color:#037691" %)2 bytes;(%%) Set the detection interval.(second)
	869
	870	(% style="color:blue" %)bb: (% style="color:#037691" %)1 byte; (%%)Set the IDC alarm trigger condition.
	871
108.1	872	(% style="color:blue" %)cc: (% style="color:#037691" %)2 bytes;(%%) IDC alarm threshold.(uA)
103.1	873
	874
108.1	875	(% style="color:blue" %)dd: (% style="color:#037691" %)1 byte;(%%) Set the VDC alarm trigger condition.
	876
103.1	877	(% style="color:blue" %)ee: (% style="color:#037691" %)2 bytes; (%%)VDC alarm threshold.(mV)
	878
	879	Example:
	880
108.1	881	* Downlink Payload: 09 03 00 3C 00 0B B8 00 13 38 ~/~/Equal to AT+ROC=3,60,0,3000,0,5000
	882	* Downlink Payload: 09 03 00 b4 01 0B B8 01 13 38 ~/~/Equal to AT+ROC=3,60,1,3000,1,5000
	883	* Downlink Payload: 09 03 01 2C 00 0B B8 01 13 38 ~/~/Equal to AT+ROC=3,60,0,3000,1,5000
103.1	884
	885	(% style="color:blue" %)Screenshot of parsing example in TTN:
	886
108.1	887	* AT+ROC=3,60,0,3000,0,5000
103.1	888
111.1	889	[[image:image-20250116180030-2.png]]
103.1	890
108.1	891
98.1	892	== 2.9 Firmware Change Log ==
	893
	894
6.2	895	Firmware download link:
	896
	897	[[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/sh/gf1glloczbzz19h/AABbuYI4WY6VdAmpXo6o1V2Ka?dl=0>>url:https://www.dropbox.com/sh/gf1glloczbzz19h/AABbuYI4WY6VdAmpXo6o1V2Ka?dl=0]]
	898
	899
72.8	900	= 3. Configure PS-LB/LS =
6.2	901
53.1	902	== 3.1 Configure Methods ==
37.4	903
53.7	904
72.8	905	PS-LB/LS supports below configure method:
6.2	906
53.1	907	* AT Command via Bluetooth Connection (Recommand Way): [[BLE Configure Instruction>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/BLE%20Bluetooth%20Remote%20Configure/]].
53.20	908	* AT Command via UART Connection : See [[FAQ>>\|\|anchor="H6.FAQ"]].
53.1	909	* LoRaWAN Downlink. Instruction for different platforms: See [[IoT LoRaWAN Server>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/]] section.
6.2	910
53.1	911	== 3.2 General Commands ==
6.2	912
53.7	913
6.2	914	These commands are to configure:
	915
	916	* General system settings like: uplink interval.
	917	* LoRaWAN protocol & radio related command.
	918
53.1	919	They are same for all Dragino Devices which support DLWS-005 LoRaWAN Stack. These commands can be found on the wiki:
6.2	920
53.1	921	[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/]]
6.2	922
	923
72.8	924	== 3.3 Commands special design for PS-LB/LS ==
53.1	925
53.15	926
72.8	927	These commands only valid for PS-LB/LS, as below:
6.2	928
	929
53.1	930	=== 3.3.1 Set Transmit Interval Time ===
6.2	931
37.5	932
6.2	933	Feature: Change LoRaWAN End Node Transmit Interval.
	934
42.21	935	(% style="color:blue" %)AT Command: AT+TDC
6.2	936
53.28	937	(% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:510px" %)
72.8	938	\|=(% style="width: 160px; background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)Command Example\|=(% style="width: 160px; background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)Function\|=(% style="width: 190px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)Response
53.8	939	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:157px" %)AT+TDC=?\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:166px" %)Show current transmit Interval\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2" %)(((
6.2	940	30000
	941	OK
	942	the interval is 30000ms = 30s
	943	)))
53.8	944	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:157px" %)AT+TDC=60000\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:166px" %)Set Transmit Interval\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2" %)(((
6.2	945	OK
	946	Set transmit interval to 60000ms = 60 seconds
	947	)))
	948
42.21	949	(% style="color:blue" %)Downlink Command: 0x01
6.2	950
	951	Format: Command Code (0x01) followed by 3 bytes time value.
	952
43.2	953	If the downlink payload=0100003C, it means set the END Node's Transmit Interval to 0x00003C=60(S), while type code is 01.
6.2	954
43.2	955	* Example 1: Downlink Payload: 0100001E ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 30 seconds
	956	* Example 2: Downlink Payload: 0100003C ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 60 seconds
6.2	957
53.1	958	=== 3.3.2 Set Interrupt Mode ===
52.2	959
6.2	960
	961	Feature, Set Interrupt mode for GPIO_EXIT.
	962
42.21	963	(% style="color:blue" %)AT Command: AT+INTMOD
6.2	964
53.28	965	(% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:510px" %)
72.8	966	\|=(% style="width: 154px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)Command Example\|=(% style="width: 196px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)Function\|=(% style="width: 160px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)Response
53.9	967	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:154px" %)AT+INTMOD=?\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:196px" %)Show current interrupt mode\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:157px" %)(((
6.2	968	0
	969	OK
47.1	970	the mode is 0 =Disable Interrupt
6.2	971	)))
53.9	972	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:154px" %)AT+INTMOD=2\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:196px" %)(((
6.2	973	Set Transmit Interval
47.1	974	0. (Disable Interrupt),
	975	~1. (Trigger by rising and falling edge)
	976	2. (Trigger by falling edge)
	977	3. (Trigger by rising edge)
53.9	978	)))\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:157px" %)OK
6.2	979
42.21	980	(% style="color:blue" %)Downlink Command: 0x06
6.2	981
	982	Format: Command Code (0x06) followed by 3 bytes.
	983
	984	This means that the interrupt mode of the end node is set to 0x000003=3 (rising edge trigger), and the type code is 06.
	985
43.2	986	* Example 1: Downlink Payload: 06000000 ~/~/ Turn off interrupt mode
	987	* Example 2: Downlink Payload: 06000003 ~/~/ Set the interrupt mode to rising edge trigger
6.2	988
53.1	989	=== 3.3.3 Set the output time ===
52.2	990
37.5	991
6.2	992	Feature, Control the output 3V3 , 5V or 12V.
	993
42.21	994	(% style="color:blue" %)AT Command: AT+3V3T
6.2	995
53.28	996	(% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:474px" %)
72.8	997	\|=(% style="width: 154px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)Command Example\|=(% style="width: 201px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)Function\|=(% style="width: 119px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)Response
53.10	998	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:154px" %)AT+3V3T=?\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:201px" %)Show 3V3 open time.\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:116px" %)(((
6.2	999	0
	1000	OK
	1001	)))
53.10	1002	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:154px" %)AT+3V3T=0\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:201px" %)Normally open 3V3 power supply.\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:116px" %)(((
6.2	1003	OK
	1004	default setting
	1005	)))
53.10	1006	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:154px" %)AT+3V3T=1000\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:201px" %)Close after a delay of 1000 milliseconds.\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:116px" %)(((
6.2	1007	OK
	1008	)))
53.10	1009	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:154px" %)AT+3V3T=65535\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:201px" %)Normally closed 3V3 power supply.\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:116px" %)(((
6.2	1010	OK
	1011	)))
	1012
42.21	1013	(% style="color:blue" %)AT Command: AT+5VT
6.2	1014
53.28	1015	(% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:470px" %)
72.8	1016	\|=(% style="width: 155px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)Command Example\|=(% style="width: 196px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)Function\|=(% style="width: 119px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)Response
53.10	1017	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:155px" %)AT+5VT=?\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:196px" %)Show 5V open time.\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:114px" %)(((
6.2	1018	0
	1019	OK
	1020	)))
53.10	1021	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:155px" %)AT+5VT=0\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:196px" %)Normally closed 5V power supply.\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:114px" %)(((
6.2	1022	OK
	1023	default setting
	1024	)))
53.10	1025	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:155px" %)AT+5VT=1000\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:196px" %)Close after a delay of 1000 milliseconds.\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:114px" %)(((
6.2	1026	OK
	1027	)))
53.10	1028	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:155px" %)AT+5VT=65535\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:196px" %)Normally open 5V power supply.\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:114px" %)(((
6.2	1029	OK
	1030	)))
	1031
42.21	1032	(% style="color:blue" %)AT Command: AT+12VT
6.2	1033
53.28	1034	(% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:443px" %)
72.8	1035	\|=(% style="width: 156px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)Command Example\|=(% style="width: 199px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)Function\|=(% style="width: 88px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)Response
53.10	1036	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:156px" %)AT+12VT=?\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:199px" %)Show 12V open time.\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:83px" %)(((
6.2	1037	0
	1038	OK
	1039	)))
53.10	1040	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:156px" %)AT+12VT=0\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:199px" %)Normally closed 12V power supply.\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:83px" %)OK
	1041	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:156px" %)AT+12VT=500\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:199px" %)Close after a delay of 500 milliseconds.\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:83px" %)(((
6.2	1042	OK
	1043	)))
	1044
42.21	1045	(% style="color:blue" %)Downlink Command: 0x07
6.2	1046
	1047	Format: Command Code (0x07) followed by 3 bytes.
	1048
	1049	The first byte is which power, the second and third bytes are the time to turn on.
	1050
42.32	1051	* Example 1: Downlink Payload: 070101F4 ~-~--> AT+3V3T=500
	1052	* Example 2: Downlink Payload: 0701FFFF ~-~--> AT+3V3T=65535
	1053	* Example 3: Downlink Payload: 070203E8 ~-~--> AT+5VT=1000
	1054	* Example 4: Downlink Payload: 07020000 ~-~--> AT+5VT=0
	1055	* Example 5: Downlink Payload: 070301F4 ~-~--> AT+12VT=500
	1056	* Example 6: Downlink Payload: 07030000 ~-~--> AT+12VT=0
6.2	1057
101.1	1058	(% style="color:red" %)Note: Before v1.2, the maximum settable time of 3V3T, 5VT and 12VT is 65535 milliseconds. After v1.2, the maximum settable time of 3V3T, 5VT and 12VT is 180 seconds.
	1059
	1060	(% style="color:red" %)Therefore, the corresponding downlink command is increased by one byte to five bytes.
	1061
	1062	Example:
	1063
	1064	* 120s=120000ms(D) =0x01D4C0(H), Downlink Payload: 07 01 01 D4 C0 ~-~--> AT+3V3T=120000
	1065	* 100s=100000ms(D) =0x0186A0(H), Downlink Payload: 07 02 01 86 A0 ~-~--> AT+5VT=100000
	1066	* 80s=80000ms(D) =0x013880(H), Downlink Payload: 07 03 01 38 80 ~-~--> AT+12VT=80000
	1067
53.1	1068	=== 3.3.4 Set the Probe Model ===
52.2	1069
37.5	1070
47.1	1071	Users need to configure this parameter according to the type of external probe. In this way, the server can decode according to this value, and convert the current value output by the sensor into water depth or pressure value.
6.2	1072
53.27	1073	(% style="color:blue" %)AT Command: AT +PROBE
47.1	1074
	1075	AT+PROBE=aabb
	1076
	1077	When aa=00, it is the water depth mode, and the current is converted into the water depth value; bb is the probe at a depth of several meters.
	1078
	1079	When aa=01, it is the pressure mode, which converts the current into a pressure value;
	1080
	1081	bb represents which type of pressure sensor it is.
	1082
	1083	(A->01,B->02,C->03,D->04,E->05,F->06,G->07,H->08,I->09,J->0A,K->0B,L->0C)
	1084
96.1	1085	When aa=02, it is the Differential Pressure Sensor , which converts the current into a pressure value;
	1086
	1087	bb represents which type of pressure sensor it is.
	1088
	1089	(0~~100Pa->01,0~~200Pa->02,0~~300Pa->03,0~~1KPa->04,0~~2KPa->05,0~~3KPa->06,0~~4KPa->07,0~~5KPa->08,0~~10KPa->09,-100~~ 100Pa->0A,-200~~ 200Pa->0B,-1~~ 1KPa->0C)
	1090
53.28	1091	(% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:510px" %)
73.2	1092	\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:154px" %)Command Example\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:269px" %)Function\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white" %)Response
61.1	1093	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:154px" %)AT+PROBE=?\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:269px" %)Get or Set the probe model.\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2" %)0
6.2	1094	OK
61.1	1095	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:154px" %)AT+PROBE=0003\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:269px" %)Set water depth sensor mode, 3m type.\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2" %)OK
53.12	1096	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:154px" %)(((
61.1	1097	AT+PROBE=000A
53.12	1098	)))\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:269px" %)Set water depth sensor mode, 10m type.\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2" %)OK
62.1	1099	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:154px" %)AT+PROBE=0064\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:269px" %)Set water depth sensor mode, 100m type.\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2" %)OK
61.1	1100	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:154px" %)AT+PROBE=0101\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:269px" %)Set pressure transmitters mode, first type(A).\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2" %)OK
	1101	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:154px" %)AT+PROBE=0000\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:269px" %)Initial state, no settings.\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2" %)OK
6.2	1102
53.27	1103	(% style="color:blue" %)Downlink Command: 0x08
47.1	1104
6.2	1105	Format: Command Code (0x08) followed by 2 bytes.
	1106
47.1	1107	* Example 1: Downlink Payload: 080003 ~-~--> AT+PROBE=0003
	1108	* Example 2: Downlink Payload: 080101 ~-~--> AT+PROBE=0101
6.2	1109
75.2	1110	=== 3.3.5 Multiple collections are one uplink (Since firmware V1.1) ===
52.2	1111
43.3	1112
94.1	1113	Added AT+STDC command to collect the voltage of VDC_INPUT/IDC_INPUT multiple times and upload it at one time.
45.1	1114
	1115	(% style="color:blue" %)AT Command: AT +STDC
	1116
47.1	1117	AT+STDC=aa,bb,bb
	1118
	1119	(% style="color:#037691" %)aa:(%%)
	1120	0: means disable this function and use TDC to send packets.
94.1	1121	1: means that the function is enabled to send packets by collecting VDC data for multiple times.
	1122	2: means that the function is enabled to send packets by collecting IDC data for multiple times.
47.1	1123	(% style="color:#037691" %)bb:(%%) Each collection interval (s), the value is 1~~65535
	1124	(% style="color:#037691" %)cc:(%%) the number of collection times, the value is 1~~120
	1125
53.28	1126	(% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:510px" %)
73.2	1127	\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:160px" %)Command Example\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:215px" %)Function\|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white" %)Response
53.13	1128	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:160px" %)AT+STDC=?\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:215px" %)Get the mode of multiple acquisitions and one uplink.\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2" %)1,10,18
45.1	1129	OK
53.13	1130	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:160px" %)AT+STDC=1,10,18\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:215px" %)Set the mode of multiple acquisitions and one uplink, collect once every 10 seconds, and report after 18 times.\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2" %)(((
47.1	1131	Attention:Take effect after ATZ
	1132
	1133	OK
45.1	1134	)))
53.13	1135	\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:160px" %)AT+STDC=0, 0,0\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:215px" %)(((
47.1	1136	Use the TDC interval to send packets.(default)
	1137
	1138
53.13	1139	)))\|(% style="background-color:#f2f2f2" %)(((
47.1	1140	Attention:Take effect after ATZ
	1141
45.1	1142	OK
	1143	)))
	1144
	1145	(% style="color:blue" %)Downlink Command: 0xAE
	1146
94.1	1147	Format: Command Code (0xAE) followed by 4 bytes.
45.1	1148
45.3	1149	* Example 1: Downlink Payload: AE 01 02 58 12 ~-~--> AT+STDC=1,600,18
45.1	1150
53.1	1151	= 4. Battery & Power Consumption =
52.2	1152
53.13	1153
72.3	1154	PS-LB use ER26500 + SPC1520 battery pack and PS-LS use 3000mAh Recharable Battery with Solar Panel. See below link for detail information about the battery info and how to replace.
6.2	1155
53.14	1156	[[Battery Info & Power Consumption Analyze>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/How%20to%20calculate%20the%20battery%20life%20of%20Dragino%20sensors%3F/]] .
37.6	1157
	1158
53.1	1159	= 5. OTA firmware update =
6.2	1160
	1161
42.2	1162	Please see this link for how to do OTA firmware update: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Firmware%20OTA%20Update%20for%20Sensors/>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Firmware%20OTA%20Update%20for%20Sensors/]]
6.2	1163
	1164
53.1	1165	= 6. FAQ =
6.2	1166
53.1	1167	== 6.1 How to use AT Command via UART to access device? ==
6.2	1168
	1169
42.2	1170	See: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/UART%20Access%20for%20LoRa%20ST%20v4%20base%20model/#H1.LoRaSTv4baseHardware>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/UART%20Access%20for%20LoRa%20ST%20v4%20base%20model/#H1.LoRaSTv4baseHardware]]
6.2	1171
	1172
53.1	1173	== 6.2 How to update firmware via UART port? ==
6.2	1174
	1175
42.2	1176	See: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/UART%20Access%20for%20LoRa%20ST%20v4%20base%20model/#H1.LoRaSTv4baseHardware>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/UART%20Access%20for%20LoRa%20ST%20v4%20base%20model/#H1.LoRaSTv4baseHardware]]
6.2	1177
	1178
53.1	1179	== 6.3 How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region? ==
6.2	1180
	1181
42.3	1182	You can follow the instructions for [[how to upgrade image>>doc:Main.Firmware Upgrade Instruction for STM32 base products.WebHome]].
6.2	1183	When downloading the images, choose the required image file for download.
	1184
	1185
76.2	1186	== 6.4 How to measure the depth of other liquids other than water? ==
76.1	1187
	1188
76.2	1189	Test the current values at the depth of different liquids and convert them to a linear scale.
	1190	Replace its ratio with the ratio of water to current in the decoder.
76.1	1191
78.1	1192	Example:
76.1	1193
78.1	1194	Measure the corresponding current of the sensor when the liquid depth is 2.04m and 0.51m.
	1195
	1196	Calculate scale factor：
	1197	Use these two data to calculate the current and depth scaling factors：(7.888-5.035)/(2.04-0.51)=1.86470588235294
	1198
	1199	Calculation formula：
	1200
	1201	Use the calibration formula：(Current current - Minimum calibration current)/Scale factor + Minimum actual calibration height
	1202
	1203	Actual calculations：
	1204
	1205	Use this formula to calculate the value corresponding to the current at a depth of 1.5 meters: (6.918-5.035)/1.86470588235294+0.51=1.519810726
	1206
	1207	Error：
	1208
	1209	0.009810726
	1210
	1211
	1212	[[image:image-20240329175044-1.png]]
	1213
62.3	1214	= 7. Troubleshooting =
6.2	1215
62.3	1216	== 7.1 Water Depth Always shows 0 in payload ==
6.2	1217
	1218
56.1	1219	If your device's IDC_intput_mA is normal, but your reading always shows 0, please refer to the following points:
	1220
55.1	1221	~1. Please set it to mod1
62.3	1222
55.1	1223	2. Please set the command [[AT+PROBE>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/PS-LB%20--%20LoRaWAN%20Pressure%20Sensor/#H3.3.4SettheProbeModel]] according to the model of your sensor
62.3	1224
55.1	1225	3. Check the connection status of the sensor
6.2	1226
56.2	1227
62.3	1228	= 8. Order Info =
	1229
	1230
99.2	1231	(% style="display:none" %)
62.3	1232
99.2	1233	[[image:image-20241021093209-1.png]]
62.3	1234
55.1	1235	= 9. Packing Info =
	1236
	1237
42.21	1238	(% style="color:#037691" %)Package Includes:
6.2	1239
72.4	1240	* PS-LB or PS-LS LoRaWAN Pressure Sensor
6.2	1241
42.21	1242	(% style="color:#037691" %)Dimension and weight:
6.2	1243
	1244	* Device Size: cm
	1245	* Device Weight: g
	1246	* Package Size / pcs : cm
	1247	* Weight / pcs : g
	1248
55.1	1249	= 10. Support =
54.3	1250
52.2	1251
6.2	1252	* Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8. Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before-mentioned schedule.
42.20	1253
54.3	1254	* Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to [[Support@dragino.cc>>mailto:Support@dragino.cc]].

Wiki source code of PS-LB/LS -- LoRaWAN Air Water Pressure Sensor User Manual

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