Last modified by Bei Jinggeng on 2024/05/31 09:53
<
From version < 64.4 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/07/08 14:44
To version < 56.3 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/07/08 11:18
>
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

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... ... @@ -172,10 +172,10 @@
172 172  
173 173  In the PC, use below serial tool settings:
174 174  
175 -* Baud:  (% style="color:green" %)**9600**
175 +* Baud: (% style="color:green" %)**9600**
176 176  * Data bits:** (% style="color:green" %)8(%%)**
177 177  * Stop bits: (% style="color:green" %)**1**
178 -* Parity:  (% style="color:green" %)**None**
178 +* Parity: (% style="color:green" %)**None**
179 179  * Flow Control: (% style="color:green" %)**None**
180 180  
181 181  (((
... ... @@ -199,6 +199,8 @@
199 199  * (% style="color:blue" %)**AT+SERVADDR=120.24.4.116,5683   ** (%%)~/~/ to set CoAP server address and port
200 200  * (% style="color:blue" %)**AT+URI=5,11,"mqtt",11,"coap",12,"0",15,"c=text1",23,"0" ** (%%) ~/~/Set COAP resource path
201 201  
202 +
203 +
202 202  For parameter description, please refer to AT command set
203 203  
204 204  [[image:1657249793983-486.png]]
... ... @@ -219,9 +219,12 @@
219 219  * (% style="color:blue" %)**AT+SERVADDR=120.24.4.116,5601   ** (%%) ~/~/ to set UDP server address and port
220 220  * (% style="color:blue" %)**AT+CFM=1       ** (%%) ~/~/If the server does not respond, this command is unnecessary
221 221  
224 +
225 +
222 222  [[image:1657249864775-321.png]]
223 223  
224 224  
229 +
225 225  [[image:1657249930215-289.png]]
226 226  
227 227  
... ... @@ -234,11 +234,13 @@
234 234  * (% style="color:blue" %)**AT+PRO=3   ** (%%) ~/~/Set to use MQTT protocol to uplink
235 235  * (% style="color:blue" %)**AT+SERVADDR=120.24.4.116,1883   ** (%%) ~/~/Set MQTT server address and port
236 236  * (% style="color:blue" %)**AT+CLIENT=CLIENT       ** (%%)~/~/Set up the CLIENT of MQTT
237 -* (% style="color:blue" %)**AT+UNAME=UNAME                               **(%%)~/~/Set the username of MQTT
238 -* (% style="color:blue" %)**AT+PWD=PWD                                        **(%%)~/~/Set the password of MQTT
239 -* (% style="color:blue" %)**AT+PUBTOPIC=NSE01_PUB                    **(%%)~/~/Set the sending topic of MQTT
242 +* (% style="color:blue" %)**AT+UNAME=UNAME  **(%%)~/~/Set the username of MQTT
243 +* (% style="color:blue" %)**AT+PWD=PWD  **(%%)~/~/Set the password of MQTT
244 +* (% style="color:blue" %)**AT+PUBTOPIC=NSE01_PUB  **(%%)~/~/Set the sending topic of MQTT
240 240  * (% style="color:blue" %)**AT+SUBTOPIC=NSE01_SUB          **(%%) ~/~/Set the subscription topic of MQTT
241 241  
247 +
248 +
242 242  [[image:1657249978444-674.png]]
243 243  
244 244  
... ... @@ -245,6 +245,7 @@
245 245  [[image:1657249990869-686.png]]
246 246  
247 247  
255 +
248 248  (((
249 249  MQTT protocol has a much higher power consumption compare vs UDP / CoAP protocol. Please check the power analyze document and adjust the uplink period to a suitable interval.
250 250  )))
... ... @@ -265,7 +265,6 @@
265 265  [[image:1657250255956-604.png]]
266 266  
267 267  
268 -
269 269  === 2.2.8 Change Update Interval ===
270 270  
271 271  User can use below command to change the (% style="color:green" %)**uplink interval**.
... ... @@ -272,6 +272,7 @@
272 272  
273 273  * (% style="color:blue" %)**AT+TDC=600      ** (%%)~/~/ Set Update Interval to 600s
274 274  
282 +
275 275  (((
276 276  (% style="color:red" %)**NOTE:**
277 277  )))
... ... @@ -282,63 +282,59 @@
282 282  
283 283  
284 284  
285 -== 2.3  Uplink Payload ==
286 286  
287 -In this mode, uplink payload includes in total 18 bytes
288 288  
289 -(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:510px" %)
290 -|=(% style="width: 50px;" %)(((
291 -**Size(bytes)**
292 -)))|=(% style="width: 50px;" %)**6**|=(% style="width: 25px;" %)2|=(% style="width: 25px;" %)**2**|=(% style="width: 80px;" %)**1**|=(% style="width: 80px;" %)**2**|=(% style="width: 80px;" %)**2**|=(% style="width: 80px;" %)**2**|=(% style="width: 40px;" %)**1**
293 -|(% style="width:97px" %)**Value**|(% style="width:83px" %)[[Device ID>>||anchor="H"]]|(% style="width:41px" %)[[Ver>>||anchor="H"]]|(% style="width:46px" %)[[BAT>>||anchor="H"]]|(% style="width:123px" %)[[Signal Strength>>||anchor="H"]]|(% style="width:108px" %)[[Soil Moisture>>||anchor="H"]]|(% style="width:133px" %)[[Soil Temperature>>||anchor="H"]]|(% style="width:159px" %)[[Soil Conductivity(EC)>>||anchor="H"]]|(% style="width:80px" %)[[Interrupt>>||anchor="H"]]
294 294  
295 -If we use the MQTT client to subscribe to this MQTT topic, we can see the following information when the NSE01 uplink data.
296 296  
297 +== 2.3 Uplink Payload ==
297 297  
298 -[[image:image-20220708111918-4.png]]
299 299  
300 +=== 2.3.1 MOD~=0(Default Mode) ===
300 300  
301 -The payload is ASCII string, representative same HEX:
302 +LSE01 will uplink payload via LoRaWAN with below payload format: 
302 302  
303 -0x72403155615900640c7817075e0a8c02f900 where:
304 +(((
305 +Uplink payload includes in total 11 bytes.
306 +)))
304 304  
305 -* Device ID: 0x 724031556159 = 724031556159
306 -* Version: 0x0064=100=1.0.0
308 +(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; width:500px" %)
309 +|(((
310 +**Size**
307 307  
308 -* BAT: 0x0c78 = 3192 mV = 3.192V
309 -* Singal: 0x17 = 23
310 -* Soil Moisture: 0x075e= 1886 = 18.86  %
311 -* Soil Temperature:0x0a8c =2700=27 °C
312 -* Soil Conductivity(EC) = 0x02f9 =761 uS /cm
313 -* Interrupt: 0x00 = 0
312 +**(bytes)**
313 +)))|**2**|**2**|**2**|**2**|**2**|**1**
314 +|**Value**|[[BAT>>||anchor="H2.3.3BatteryInfo"]]|(((
315 +Temperature
314 314  
315 -== 2.4  Payload Explanation and Sensor Interface ==
317 +(Reserve, Ignore now)
318 +)))|[[Soil Moisture>>||anchor="H2.3.4SoilMoisture"]]|[[Soil Temperature>>||anchor="H2.3.5SoilTemperature"]]|[[Soil Conductivity (EC)>>||anchor="H2.3.6SoilConductivity28EC29"]]|(((
319 +MOD & Digital Interrupt
316 316  
321 +(Optional)
322 +)))
317 317  
318 -=== 2.4.1  Device ID ===
324 +=== 2.3.2 MOD~=1(Original value) ===
319 319  
320 -By default, the Device ID equal to the last 6 bytes of IMEI.
326 +This mode can get the original AD value of moisture and original conductivity (with temperature drift compensation).
321 321  
322 -User can use (% style="color:blue" %)**AT+DEUI**(%%) to set Device ID
328 +(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; width:500px" %)
329 +|(((
330 +**Size**
323 323  
324 -**Example:**
332 +**(bytes)**
333 +)))|**2**|**2**|**2**|**2**|**2**|**1**
334 +|**Value**|[[BAT>>||anchor="H2.3.3BatteryInfo"]]|(((
335 +Temperature
325 325  
326 -AT+DEUI=A84041F15612
337 +(Reserve, Ignore now)
338 +)))|[[Soil Moisture>>||anchor="H2.3.4SoilMoisture"]](raw)|[[Soil Temperature>>||anchor="H2.3.5SoilTemperature"]]|[[Soil Conductivity (EC)>>||anchor="H2.3.6SoilConductivity28EC29"]](raw)|(((
339 +MOD & Digital Interrupt
327 327  
328 -The Device ID is stored in a none-erase area, Upgrade the firmware or run AT+FDR won't erase Device ID.
341 +(Optional)
342 +)))
329 329  
344 +=== 2.3.3 Battery Info ===
330 330  
331 -
332 -=== 2.4.2  Version Info ===
333 -
334 -Specify the software version: 0x64=100, means firmware version 1.00.
335 -
336 -For example: 0x00 64 : this device is NSE01 with firmware version 1.0.0.
337 -
338 -
339 -
340 -=== 2.4.3  Battery Info ===
341 -
342 342  (((
343 343  Check the battery voltage for LSE01.
344 344  )))
... ... @@ -353,32 +353,14 @@
353 353  
354 354  
355 355  
356 -=== 2.4.4  Signal Strength ===
360 +=== 2.3.4 Soil Moisture ===
357 357  
358 -NB-IoT Network signal Strength.
359 -
360 -**Ex1: 0x1d = 29**
361 -
362 -(% style="color:blue" %)**0**(%%)  -113dBm or less
363 -
364 -(% style="color:blue" %)**1**(%%)  -111dBm
365 -
366 -(% style="color:blue" %)**2...30**(%%) -109dBm... -53dBm
367 -
368 -(% style="color:blue" %)**31**  (%%) -51dBm or greater
369 -
370 -(% style="color:blue" %)**99**   (%%) Not known or not detectable
371 -
372 -
373 -
374 -=== 2.4.5  Soil Moisture ===
375 -
376 376  (((
377 377  Get the moisture content of the soil. The value range of the register is 0-10000(Decimal), divide this value by 100 to get the percentage of moisture in the soil.
378 378  )))
379 379  
380 380  (((
381 -For example, if the data you get from the register is **__0x05 0xDC__**, the moisture content in the soil is
367 +For example, if the data you get from the register is __0x05 0xDC__, the moisture content in the soil is
382 382  )))
383 383  
384 384  (((
... ... @@ -391,10 +391,10 @@
391 391  
392 392  
393 393  
394 -=== 2.4.6  Soil Temperature ===
380 +=== 2.3.5 Soil Temperature ===
395 395  
396 396  (((
397 - Get the temperature in the soil. The value range of the register is -4000 - +800(Decimal), divide this value by 100 to get the temperature in the soil. For example, if the data you get from the register is __**0x09 0xEC**__, the temperature content in the soil is
383 + Get the temperature in the soil. The value range of the register is -4000 - +800(Decimal), divide this value by 100 to get the temperature in the soil. For example, if the data you get from the register is 0x09 0xEC, the temperature content in the soil is
398 398  )))
399 399  
400 400  (((
... ... @@ -411,7 +411,7 @@
411 411  
412 412  
413 413  
414 -=== 2.4.7  Soil Conductivity (EC) ===
400 +=== 2.3.6 Soil Conductivity (EC) ===
415 415  
416 416  (((
417 417  Obtain (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**__soluble salt concentration__**(%%) in soil or (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**__soluble ion concentration in liquid fertilizer__**(%%) or (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**__planting medium__**(%%). The value range of the register is 0 - 20000(Decimal)( Can be greater than 20000).
... ... @@ -418,7 +418,7 @@
418 418  )))
419 419  
420 420  (((
421 -For example, if the data you get from the register is __**0x00 0xC8**__, the soil conductivity is 00C8(H) = 200(D) = 200 uS/cm.
407 +For example, if the data you get from the register is 0x00 0xC8, the soil conductivity is 00C8(H) = 200(D) = 200 uS/cm.
422 422  )))
423 423  
424 424  (((
... ... @@ -433,46 +433,52 @@
433 433  
434 434  )))
435 435  
436 -=== 2.4.8  Digital Interrupt ===
422 +=== 2.3.7 MOD ===
437 437  
438 -Digital Interrupt refers to pin (% style="color:blue" %)**GPIO_EXTI**(%%), and there are different trigger methods. When there is a trigger, the NSE01 will send a packet to the server.
424 +Firmware version at least v2.1 supports changing mode.
439 439  
440 -The command is:
426 +For example, bytes[10]=90
441 441  
442 -(% style="color:blue" %)**AT+INTMOD=3 **(%%) ~/~/(more info about INMOD please refer [[**AT Command Manual**>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/NB-IoT/NBSN95/DRAGINO_NBSN95-NB_AT%20Commands_v1.1.0.pdf]])**.**
428 +mod=(bytes[10]>>7)&0x01=1.
443 443  
444 444  
445 -The lower four bits of this data field shows if this packet is generated by interrupt or not. [[Click here>>||anchor="H"]] for the hardware and software set up.
431 +**Downlink Command:**
446 446  
433 +If payload = 0x0A00, workmode=0
447 447  
448 -Example:
435 +If** **payload =** **0x0A01, workmode=1
449 449  
450 -0x(00): Normal uplink packet.
451 451  
452 -0x(01): Interrupt Uplink Packet.
453 453  
439 +=== 2.3.8 ​Decode payload in The Things Network ===
454 454  
441 +While using TTN network, you can add the payload format to decode the payload.
455 455  
456 -=== 2.4.9  ​+5V Output ===
457 457  
458 -NSE01 will enable +5V output before all sampling and disable the +5v after all sampling. 
444 +[[image:1654505570700-128.png]]
459 459  
446 +(((
447 +The payload decoder function for TTN is here:
448 +)))
460 460  
461 -The 5V output time can be controlled by AT Command.
450 +(((
451 +LSE01 TTN Payload Decoder: [[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/sh/si8icbrjlamxqdb/AAACYwjsxxr5fj_vpqRtrETAa?dl=0>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/si8icbrjlamxqdb/AAACYwjsxxr5fj_vpqRtrETAa?dl=0]]
452 +)))
462 462  
463 -(% style="color:blue" %)**AT+5VT=1000**
464 464  
465 -Means set 5V valid time to have 1000ms. So the real 5V output will actually have 1000ms + sampling time for other sensors.
455 +== 2.4 Uplink Interval ==
466 466  
457 +The LSE01 by default uplink the sensor data every 20 minutes. User can change this interval by AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink Command. See this link: [[Change Uplink Interval>>doc:Main.End Device AT Commands and Downlink Command.WebHome||anchor="H4.1ChangeUplinkInterval"]]
467 467  
468 468  
469 -== 2.5  Downlink Payload ==
470 470  
471 -By default, NSE01 prints the downlink payload to console port.
461 +== 2.5 Downlink Payload ==
472 472  
473 -[[image:image-20220708133731-5.png]]
463 +By default, LSE50 prints the downlink payload to console port.
474 474  
465 +[[image:image-20220606165544-8.png]]
475 475  
467 +
476 476  (((
477 477  (% style="color:blue" %)**Examples:**
478 478  )))
... ... @@ -486,7 +486,7 @@
486 486  )))
487 487  
488 488  (((
489 -If the payload=0100003C, it means set the END Node's TDC to 0x00003C=60(S), while type code is 01.
481 +If the payload=0100003C, it means set the END Node’s TDC to 0x00003C=60(S), while type code is 01.
490 490  )))
491 491  
492 492  (((
... ... @@ -506,262 +506,662 @@
506 506  )))
507 507  
508 508  (((
509 -If payload = 0x04FF, it will reset the NSE01
501 +If payload = 0x04FF, it will reset the LSE01
510 510  )))
511 511  
512 512  
513 -* (% style="color:blue" %)**INTMOD**
505 +* (% style="color:blue" %)**CFM**
514 514  
515 -Downlink Payload: 06000003, Set AT+INTMOD=3
507 +Downlink Payload: 05000001, Set AT+CFM=1 or 05000000 , set AT+CFM=0
516 516  
517 517  
518 518  
519 -== 2.6  ​LED Indicator ==
511 +== 2.6 ​Show Data in DataCake IoT Server ==
520 520  
521 521  (((
522 -The NSE01 has an internal LED which is to show the status of different state.
514 +[[DATACAKE>>url:https://datacake.co/]] provides a human friendly interface to show the sensor data, once we have data in TTN, we can use [[DATACAKE>>url:https://datacake.co/]] to connect to TTN and see the data in DATACAKE. Below are the steps:
515 +)))
523 523  
517 +(((
518 +
519 +)))
524 524  
525 -* When power on, NSE01 will detect if sensor probe is connected, if probe detected, LED will blink four times. (no blinks in this step is no probe)
526 -* Then the LED will be on for 1 second means device is boot normally.
527 -* After NSE01 join NB-IoT network. The LED will be ON for 3 seconds.
528 -* For each uplink probe, LED will be on for 500ms.
521 +(((
522 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1**(%%):  Be sure that your device is programmed and properly connected to the network at this time.
529 529  )))
530 530  
525 +(((
526 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2**(%%):  To configure the Application to forward data to DATACAKE you will need to add integration. To add the DATACAKE integration, perform the following steps:
527 +)))
531 531  
532 532  
530 +[[image:1654505857935-743.png]]
533 533  
534 -== 2.7  Installation in Soil ==
535 535  
536 -__**Measurement the soil surface**__
533 +[[image:1654505874829-548.png]]
537 537  
538 -Choose the proper measuring position. Avoid the probe to touch rocks or hard things. Split the surface soil according to the measured deep. Keep the measured as original density. Vertical insert the probe into the soil to be measured. Make sure not shake when inserting. [[https:~~/~~/img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/2005165265/O1CN010rj9Oh1olPsQxrdUK_!!2005165265.jpg>>url:https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/2005165265/O1CN010rj9Oh1olPsQxrdUK_!!2005165265.jpg]]
539 539  
540 -[[image:1657259653666-883.png]] ​
536 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 3**(%%)**:**  Create an account or log in Datacake.
541 541  
538 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 4**(%%)**:**  Search the LSE01 and add DevEUI.
542 542  
543 -(((
544 -
545 545  
546 -(((
547 -Dig a hole with diameter > 20CM.
548 -)))
541 +[[image:1654505905236-553.png]]
549 549  
550 -(((
551 -Horizontal insert the probe to the soil and fill the hole for long term measurement.
552 -)))
553 -)))
554 554  
555 -[[image:1654506665940-119.png]]
544 +After added, the sensor data arrive TTN, it will also arrive and show in Mydevices.
556 556  
557 -(((
558 -
559 -)))
546 +[[image:1654505925508-181.png]]
560 560  
561 561  
562 -== 2.8  ​Firmware Change Log ==
563 563  
550 +== 2.7 Frequency Plans ==
564 564  
565 -Download URL & Firmware Change log
552 +The LSE01 uses OTAA mode and below frequency plans by default. If user want to use it with different frequency plan, please refer the AT command sets.
566 566  
567 -[[www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=NB-IoT/NSE01/Firmware/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=NB-IoT/NBSN50/Firmware/]]
568 568  
555 +=== 2.7.1 EU863-870 (EU868) ===
569 569  
570 -Upgrade Instruction: [[Upgrade_Firmware>>||anchor="H"]]
557 +(% style="color:#037691" %)** Uplink:**
571 571  
559 +868.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
572 572  
561 +868.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 and SF7BW250
573 573  
574 -== 2.9  ​Battery Analysis ==
563 +868.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
575 575  
576 -=== 2.9.1  ​Battery Type ===
565 +867.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
577 577  
567 +867.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
578 578  
579 -The NSE01 battery is a combination of an 8500mAh Li/SOCI2 Battery and a Super Capacitor. The battery is none-rechargeable battery type with a low discharge rate (<2% per year). This type of battery is commonly used in IoT devices such as water meter.
569 +867.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
580 580  
571 +867.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
581 581  
582 -The battery is designed to last for several years depends on the actually use environment and update interval. 
573 +867.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
583 583  
575 +868.8 - FSK
584 584  
585 -The battery related documents as below:
586 586  
587 -* [[Battery Dimension>>http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/ER26500/]]
588 -* [[Lithium-Thionyl Chloride Battery>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/ER26500/]][[ datasheet>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/ER26500/]]
589 -* [[Lithium-ion Battery-Capacitor datasheet>>http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/ER26500/]]
578 +(% style="color:#037691" %)** Downlink:**
590 590  
580 +Uplink channels 1-9 (RX1)
581 +
582 +869.525 - SF9BW125 (RX2 downlink only)
583 +
584 +
585 +
586 +=== 2.7.2 US902-928(US915) ===
587 +
588 +Used in USA, Canada and South America. Default use CHE=2
589 +
590 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Uplink:**
591 +
592 +903.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
593 +
594 +904.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
595 +
596 +904.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
597 +
598 +904.5 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
599 +
600 +904.7 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
601 +
602 +904.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
603 +
604 +905.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
605 +
606 +905.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
607 +
608 +
609 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink:**
610 +
611 +923.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
612 +
613 +923.9 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
614 +
615 +924.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
616 +
617 +925.1 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
618 +
619 +925.7 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
620 +
621 +926.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
622 +
623 +926.9 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
624 +
625 +927.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
626 +
627 +923.3 - SF12BW500(RX2 downlink only)
628 +
629 +
630 +
631 +=== 2.7.3 CN470-510 (CN470) ===
632 +
633 +Used in China, Default use CHE=1
634 +
635 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Uplink:**
636 +
637 +486.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
638 +
639 +486.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
640 +
641 +486.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
642 +
643 +486.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
644 +
645 +487.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
646 +
647 +487.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
648 +
649 +487.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
650 +
651 +487.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
652 +
653 +
654 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink:**
655 +
656 +506.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
657 +
658 +506.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
659 +
660 +507.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
661 +
662 +507.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
663 +
664 +507.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
665 +
666 +507.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
667 +
668 +507.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
669 +
670 +508.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
671 +
672 +505.3 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only)
673 +
674 +
675 +
676 +=== 2.7.4 AU915-928(AU915) ===
677 +
678 +Default use CHE=2
679 +
680 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Uplink:**
681 +
682 +916.8 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
683 +
684 +917.0 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
685 +
686 +917.2 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
687 +
688 +917.4 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
689 +
690 +917.6 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
691 +
692 +917.8 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
693 +
694 +918.0 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
695 +
696 +918.2 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
697 +
698 +
699 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink:**
700 +
701 +923.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
702 +
703 +923.9 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
704 +
705 +924.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
706 +
707 +925.1 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
708 +
709 +925.7 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
710 +
711 +926.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
712 +
713 +926.9 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
714 +
715 +927.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
716 +
717 +923.3 - SF12BW500(RX2 downlink only)
718 +
719 +
720 +
721 +=== 2.7.5 AS920-923 & AS923-925 (AS923) ===
722 +
723 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Default Uplink channel:**
724 +
725 +923.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
726 +
727 +923.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
728 +
729 +
730 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Additional Uplink Channel**:
731 +
732 +(OTAA mode, channel added by JoinAccept message)
733 +
734 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**AS920~~AS923 for Japan, Malaysia, Singapore**:
735 +
736 +922.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
737 +
738 +922.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
739 +
740 +922.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
741 +
742 +922.8 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
743 +
744 +923.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
745 +
746 +922.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
747 +
748 +
749 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**AS923 ~~ AS925 for Brunei, Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Laos, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam**:
750 +
751 +923.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
752 +
753 +923.8 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
754 +
755 +924.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
756 +
757 +924.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
758 +
759 +924.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
760 +
761 +924.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
762 +
763 +
764 +(% style="color:#037691" %)** Downlink:**
765 +
766 +Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
767 +
768 +923.2 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
769 +
770 +
771 +
772 +=== 2.7.6 KR920-923 (KR920) ===
773 +
774 +Default channel:
775 +
776 +922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
777 +
778 +922.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
779 +
780 +922.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
781 +
782 +
783 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Uplink: (OTAA mode, channel added by JoinAccept message)**
784 +
785 +922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
786 +
787 +922.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
788 +
789 +922.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
790 +
791 +922.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
792 +
793 +922.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
794 +
795 +923.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
796 +
797 +923.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
798 +
799 +
800 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink:**
801 +
802 +Uplink channels 1-7(RX1)
803 +
804 +921.9 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only; SF12BW125 might be changed to SF9BW125)
805 +
806 +
807 +
808 +=== 2.7.7 IN865-867 (IN865) ===
809 +
810 +(% style="color:#037691" %)** Uplink:**
811 +
812 +865.0625 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
813 +
814 +865.4025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
815 +
816 +865.9850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
817 +
818 +
819 +(% style="color:#037691" %) **Downlink:**
820 +
821 +Uplink channels 1-3 (RX1)
822 +
823 +866.550 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
824 +
825 +
826 +
827 +
828 +== 2.8 LED Indicator ==
829 +
830 +The LSE01 has an internal LED which is to show the status of different state.
831 +
832 +* Blink once when device power on.
833 +* Solid ON for 5 seconds once device successful Join the network.
834 +* Blink once when device transmit a packet.
835 +
836 +== 2.9 Installation in Soil ==
837 +
838 +**Measurement the soil surface**
839 +
840 +
841 +[[image:1654506634463-199.png]] ​
842 +
591 591  (((
592 -[[image:image-20220708140453-6.png]]
844 +(((
845 +Choose the proper measuring position. Avoid the probe to touch rocks or hard things. Split the surface soil according to the measured deep. Keep the measured as original density. Vertical insert the probe into the soil to be measured. Make sure not shake when inserting.
593 593  )))
847 +)))
594 594  
595 595  
596 596  
597 -=== 2.9.2  Power consumption Analyze ===
851 +[[image:1654506665940-119.png]]
598 598  
599 599  (((
600 -Dragino battery powered product are all runs in Low Power mode. We have an update battery calculator which base on the measurement of the real device. User can use this calculator to check the battery life and calculate the battery life if want to use different transmit interval.
854 +Dig a hole with diameter > 20CM.
601 601  )))
602 602  
857 +(((
858 +Horizontal insert the probe to the soil and fill the hole for long term measurement.
859 +)))
603 603  
861 +
862 +== 2.10 ​Firmware Change Log ==
863 +
604 604  (((
605 -Instruction to use as below:
865 +**Firmware download link:**
606 606  )))
607 607  
608 608  (((
609 -(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1:  **(%%)Downlink the up-to-date DRAGINO_Battery_Life_Prediction_Table.xlsx from: [[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Battery_Analyze/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Battery_Analyze/]]
869 +[[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/Firmware/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/Firmware/]]
610 610  )))
611 611  
872 +(((
873 +
874 +)))
612 612  
613 613  (((
614 -(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2: **(%%) Open it and choose
877 +**Firmware Upgrade Method: **[[Firmware Upgrade Instruction>>doc:Main.Firmware Upgrade Instruction for STM32 base products.WebHome]]
615 615  )))
616 616  
617 -* (((
618 -Product Model
880 +(((
881 +
619 619  )))
620 -* (((
621 -Uplink Interval
883 +
884 +(((
885 +**V1.0.**
622 622  )))
623 -* (((
624 -Working Mode
625 -)))
626 626  
627 627  (((
628 -And the Life expectation in difference case will be shown on the right.
889 +Release
629 629  )))
630 630  
631 -[[image:image-20220708141352-7.jpeg]]
632 632  
893 +== 2.11 ​Battery Analysis ==
633 633  
895 +=== 2.11.1 ​Battery Type ===
634 634  
635 -=== 2.9.3  ​Battery Note ===
897 +(((
898 +The LSE01 battery is a combination of a 4000mAh Li/SOCI2 Battery and a Super Capacitor. The battery is non-rechargeable battery type with a low discharge rate (<2% per year). This type of battery is commonly used in IoT devices such as water meter.
899 +)))
636 636  
637 637  (((
638 -The Li-SICO battery is designed for small current / long period application. It is not good to use a high current, short period transmit method. The recommended minimum period for use of this battery is 5 minutes. If you use a shorter period time to transmit LoRa, then the battery life may be decreased.
902 +The battery is designed to last for more than 5 years for the LSN50.
639 639  )))
640 640  
905 +(((
906 +(((
907 +The battery-related documents are as below:
908 +)))
909 +)))
641 641  
911 +* (((
912 +[[Battery Dimension>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]],
913 +)))
914 +* (((
915 +[[Lithium-Thionyl Chloride Battery  datasheet>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]],
916 +)))
917 +* (((
918 +[[Lithium-ion Battery-Capacitor datasheet>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]], [[Tech Spec>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]]
919 +)))
642 642  
643 -=== 2.9.4  Replace the battery ===
921 + [[image:image-20220610172436-1.png]]
644 644  
923 +
924 +
925 +=== 2.11.2 ​Battery Note ===
926 +
645 645  (((
646 -The default battery pack of NSE01 includes a ER26500 plus super capacitor. If user can't find this pack locally, they can find ER26500 or equivalence without the SPC1520 capacitor, which will also work in most case. The SPC can enlarge the battery life for high frequency use (update period below 5 minutes).
928 +The Li-SICO battery is designed for small current / long period application. It is not good to use a high current, short period transmit method. The recommended minimum period for use of this battery is 5 minutes. If you use a shorter period time to transmit LoRa, then the battery life may be decreased.
647 647  )))
648 648  
649 649  
650 650  
651 -= 3. ​ Access NB-IoT Module =
933 +=== 2.11.3 Replace the battery ===
652 652  
653 653  (((
654 -Users can directly access the AT command set of the NB-IoT module.
936 +If Battery is lower than 2.7v, user should replace the battery of LSE01.
655 655  )))
656 656  
657 657  (((
658 -The AT Command set can refer the BC35-G NB-IoT Module AT Command: [[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/other_vendors/BC35-G/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/other_vendors/BC35-G/]] 
940 +You can change the battery in the LSE01.The type of battery is not limited as long as the output is between 3v to 3.6v. On the main board, there is a diode (D1) between the battery and the main circuit. If you need to use a battery with less than 3.3v, please remove the D1 and shortcut the two pads of it so there won’t be voltage drop between battery and main board.
659 659  )))
660 660  
661 -[[image:1657261278785-153.png]]
943 +(((
944 +The default battery pack of LSE01 includes a ER18505 plus super capacitor. If user can’t find this pack locally, they can find ER18505 or equivalence, which will also work in most case. The SPC can enlarge the battery life for high frequency use (update period below 5 minutes)
945 +)))
662 662  
663 663  
664 664  
665 -= 4.  Using the AT Commands =
949 += 3. ​Using the AT Commands =
666 666  
667 -== 4.1  Access AT Commands ==
951 +== 3.1 Access AT Commands ==
668 668  
669 -See this link for detail: [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=NB-IoT/NSE01/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=NB-IoT/NBSN50/]]
670 670  
954 +LSE01 supports AT Command set in the stock firmware. You can use a USB to TTL adapter to connect to LSE01 for using AT command, as below.
671 671  
672 -AT+<CMD>?  : Help on <CMD>
956 +[[image:1654501986557-872.png||height="391" width="800"]]
673 673  
674 -AT+<CMD>         : Run <CMD>
675 675  
676 -AT+<CMD>=<value> : Set the value
959 +Or if you have below board, use below connection:
677 677  
678 -AT+<CMD>=?  : Get the value
679 679  
962 +[[image:1654502005655-729.png||height="503" width="801"]]
680 680  
964 +
965 +
966 +In the PC, you need to set the serial baud rate to (% style="color:green" %)**9600**(%%) to access the serial console for LSE01. LSE01 will output system info once power on as below:
967 +
968 +
969 + [[image:1654502050864-459.png||height="564" width="806"]]
970 +
971 +
972 +Below are the available commands, a more detailed AT Command manual can be found at [[AT Command Manual>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/qr6vproz4z4kzjz/AAAD48h3OyWrU1hq_Cqm8jIwa?dl=0]]: [[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/sh/qr6vproz4z4kzjz/AAAD48h3OyWrU1hq_Cqm8jIwa?dl=0>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/qr6vproz4z4kzjz/AAAD48h3OyWrU1hq_Cqm8jIwa?dl=0]]
973 +
974 +
975 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+<CMD>=?AT+<CMD>? **(%%) : Help on <CMD>
976 +
977 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+<CMD>=?AT+<CMD> **(%%) : Run <CMD>
978 +
979 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+<CMD>=?AT+<CMD>=<value>**(%%) : Set the value
980 +
981 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+<CMD>=?AT+<CMD>=?**(%%)  : Get the value
982 +
983 +
681 681  (% style="color:#037691" %)**General Commands**(%%)      
682 682  
683 -AT  : Attention       
986 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT**(%%)  : Attention       
684 684  
685 -AT?  : Short Help     
988 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT?**(%%)  : Short Help     
686 686  
687 -ATZ  : MCU Reset    
990 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**ATZ**(%%)  : MCU Reset    
688 688  
689 -AT+TDC  : Application Data Transmission Interval
992 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+TDC**(%%)  : Application Data Transmission Interval 
690 690  
691 -AT+CFG  : Print all configurations
692 692  
693 -AT+CFGMOD           : Working mode selection
995 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Keys, IDs and EUIs management**
694 694  
695 -AT+INTMOD            : Set the trigger interrupt mode
997 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+APPEUI**(%%)              : Application EUI      
696 696  
697 -AT+5VT  : Set extend the time of 5V power  
999 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+APPKEY**(%%)              : Application Key     
698 698  
699 -AT+PRO  : Choose agreement
1001 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+APPSKEY**(%%)            : Application Session Key
700 700  
701 -AT+WEIGRE  : Get weight or set weight to 0
1003 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+DADDR**(%%)              : Device Address     
702 702  
703 -AT+WEIGAP  : Get or Set the GapValue of weight
1005 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+DEUI**(%%)                   : Device EUI     
704 704  
705 -AT+RXDL  : Extend the sending and receiving time
1007 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+NWKID**(%%)               : Network ID (You can enter this command change only after successful network connection) 
706 706  
707 -AT+CNTFAC  : Get or set counting parameters
1009 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+NWKSKEY**(%%)          : Network Session Key Joining and sending date on LoRa network  
708 708  
709 -AT+SERVADDR  : Server Address
1011 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+CFM**(%%)  : Confirm Mode       
710 710  
1013 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+CFS**(%%)                     : Confirm Status       
711 711  
712 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**COAP Management**      
1015 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+JOIN**(%%)  : Join LoRa? Network       
713 713  
714 -AT+URI            : Resource parameters
1017 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+NJM**(%%)  : LoRa? Network Join Mode    
715 715  
1019 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+NJS**(%%)                     : LoRa? Network Join Status    
716 716  
717 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**UDP Management**
1021 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+RECV**(%%)                  : Print Last Received Data in Raw Format
718 718  
719 -AT+CFM          : Upload confirmation mode (only valid for UDP)
1023 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+RECVB**(%%)                : Print Last Received Data in Binary Format      
720 720  
1025 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+SEND**(%%)                  : Send Text Data      
721 721  
722 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**MQTT Management**
1027 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+SENB**(%%)                  : Send Hexadecimal Data
723 723  
724 -AT+CLIENT               : Get or Set MQTT client
725 725  
726 -AT+UNAME  : Get or Set MQTT Username
1030 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**LoRa Network Management**
727 727  
728 -AT+PWD                  : Get or Set MQTT password
1032 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+ADR**(%%)          : Adaptive Rate
729 729  
730 -AT+PUBTOPIC  : Get or Set MQTT publish topic
1034 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+CLASS**(%%)  : LoRa Class(Currently only support class A
731 731  
732 -AT+SUBTOPIC  : Get or Set MQTT subscription topic
1036 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+DCS**(%%)  : Duty Cycle Setting 
733 733  
1038 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+DR**(%%)  : Data Rate (Can Only be Modified after ADR=0)     
734 734  
735 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Information**          
1040 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+FCD**(%%)  : Frame Counter Downlink       
736 736  
737 -AT+FDR  : Factory Data Reset
1042 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+FCU**(%%)  : Frame Counter Uplink   
738 738  
739 -AT+PWORD  : Serial Access Password
1044 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+JN1DL**(%%)  : Join Accept Delay1
740 740  
1046 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+JN2DL**(%%)  : Join Accept Delay2
741 741  
1048 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+PNM**(%%)  : Public Network Mode   
742 742  
743 -= ​5.  FAQ =
1050 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+RX1DL**(%%)  : Receive Delay1      
744 744  
745 -== 5.1 ​ How to Upgrade Firmware ==
1052 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+RX2DL**(%%)  : Receive Delay2      
746 746  
1054 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+RX2DR**(%%)  : Rx2 Window Data Rate 
747 747  
1056 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+RX2FQ**(%%)  : Rx2 Window Frequency
1057 +
1058 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+TXP**(%%)  : Transmit Power
1059 +
1060 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+ MOD**(%%)  : Set work mode
1061 +
1062 +
1063 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Information** 
1064 +
1065 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+RSSI**(%%)           : RSSI of the Last Received Packet   
1066 +
1067 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+SNR**(%%)           : SNR of the Last Received Packet   
1068 +
1069 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+VER**(%%)           : Image Version and Frequency Band       
1070 +
1071 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+FDR**(%%)           : Factory Data Reset
1072 +
1073 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+PORT**(%%)  : Application Port    
1074 +
1075 +(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+CHS**(%%)  : Get or Set Frequency (Unit: Hz) for Single Channel Mode
1076 +
1077 + (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+CHE**(%%)  : Get or Set eight channels mode, Only for US915, AU915, CN470
1078 +
1079 +
1080 += ​4. FAQ =
1081 +
1082 +== 4.1 ​How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region? ==
1083 +
748 748  (((
749 -User can upgrade the firmware for 1) bug fix, 2) new feature release.
1085 +You can follow the instructions for [[how to upgrade image>>||anchor="H2.10200BFirmwareChangeLog"]].
1086 +When downloading the images, choose the required image file for download. ​
750 750  )))
751 751  
752 752  (((
753 -Please see this link for how to upgrade:  [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Firmware%20Upgrade%20Instruction%20for%20STM32%20base%20products/#H2.HardwareUpgradeMethodSupportList>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Firmware%20Upgrade%20Instruction%20for%20STM32%20base%20products/#H2.HardwareUpgradeMethodSupportList]]
1090 +
754 754  )))
755 755  
756 756  (((
757 -Notice, NSE01 and LSE01 share the same mother board. They use the same connection and method to update.
1094 +How to set up LSE01 to work in 8 channel mode By default, the frequency bands US915, AU915, CN470 work in 72 frequencies. Many gateways are 8 channel gateways, and in this case, the OTAA join time and uplink schedule is long and unpredictable while the end node is hopping in 72 frequencies.
758 758  )))
759 759  
1097 +(((
1098 +
1099 +)))
760 760  
761 761  (((
1102 +You can configure the end node to work in 8 channel mode by using the AT+CHE command. The 500kHz channels are always included for OTAA.
1103 +)))
1104 +
1105 +(((
762 762  
763 763  )))
764 764  
1109 +(((
1110 +For example, in **US915** band, the frequency table is as below. By default, the end node will use all channels (0~~71) for OTAA Join process. After the OTAA Join, the end node will use these all channels (0~~71) to send uplink packets.
1111 +)))
1112 +
1113 +[[image:image-20220606154726-3.png]]
1114 +
1115 +
1116 +When you use the TTN network, the US915 frequency bands use are:
1117 +
1118 +* 903.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
1119 +* 904.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
1120 +* 904.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
1121 +* 904.5 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
1122 +* 904.7 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
1123 +* 904.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
1124 +* 905.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
1125 +* 905.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
1126 +* 904.6 - SF8BW500
1127 +
1128 +(((
1129 +Because the end node is now hopping in 72 frequency, it makes it difficult for the devices to Join the TTN network and uplink data. To solve this issue, you can access the device via the AT commands and run:
1130 +
1131 +* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+CHE=2**
1132 +* (% style="color:#037691" %)**ATZ**
1133 +)))
1134 +
1135 +(((
1136 +
1137 +
1138 +to set the end node to work in 8 channel mode. The device will work in Channel 8-15 & 64-71 for OTAA, and channel 8-15 for Uplink.
1139 +)))
1140 +
1141 +(((
1142 +
1143 +)))
1144 +
1145 +(((
1146 +The **AU915** band is similar. Below are the AU915 Uplink Channels.
1147 +)))
1148 +
1149 +[[image:image-20220606154825-4.png]]
1150 +
1151 +
1152 +== 4.2 ​Can I calibrate LSE01 to different soil types? ==
1153 +
1154 +LSE01 is calibrated for saline-alkali soil and loamy soil. If users want to use it for other soil, they can calibrate the value in the IoT platform base on the value measured by saline-alkali soil and loamy soil. The formula can be found at [[this link>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/&file=Calibrate_to_other_Soil_20220605.pdf]].
1155 +
1156 +
765 765  = 5. Trouble Shooting =
766 766  
767 767  == 5.1 ​Why I can't join TTN in US915 / AU915 bands? ==
1657259653666-883.png
Author
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