Last modified by Mengting Qiu on 2024/04/02 16:44
<
From version < 31.28 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/06/07 10:25
To version < 23.3 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/06/06 16:53
>
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

Summary

Details

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Content
... ... @@ -1,17 +1,13 @@
1 1  (% style="text-align:center" %)
2 -[[image:image-20220606151504-2.jpeg||height="554" width="554"]]
2 +[[image:image-20220606151504-2.jpeg||height="848" width="848"]]
3 3  
4 4  
5 5  
6 -**Contents:**
7 7  
8 -{{toc/}}
9 9  
10 10  
11 11  
12 12  
13 -
14 -
15 15  = 1. Introduction =
16 16  
17 17  == 1.1 ​What is LoRaWAN Soil Moisture & EC Sensor ==
... ... @@ -150,17 +150,16 @@
150 150  Uplink payload includes in total 11 bytes.
151 151  
152 152  
153 -(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#f7faff; width:510px" %)
154 -|=(((
149 +|(((
155 155  **Size**
156 156  
157 157  **(bytes)**
158 -)))|=(% style="width: 46px;" %)**2**|=(% style="width: 160px;" %)**2**|=(% style="width: 104px;" %)**2**|=(% style="width: 126px;" %)**2**|=(% style="width: 159px;" %)**2**|=(% style="width: 114px;" %)**1**
159 -|**Value**|(% style="width:46px" %)[[BAT>>||anchor="H2.3.3BatteryInfo"]]|(% style="width:160px" %)(((
153 +)))|**2**|**2**|**2**|**2**|**2**|**1**
154 +|**Value**|[[BAT>>path:#bat]]|(((
160 160  Temperature
161 161  
162 162  (Reserve, Ignore now)
163 -)))|(% style="width:104px" %)[[Soil Moisture>>||anchor="H2.3.4SoilMoisture"]]|(% style="width:126px" %)[[Soil Temperature>>||anchor="H2.3.5SoilTemperature"]]|(% style="width:159px" %)[[Soil Conductivity (EC)>>||anchor="H2.3.6SoilConductivity28EC29"]]|(% style="width:114px" %)(((
158 +)))|[[Soil Moisture>>path:#soil_moisture]]|[[Soil Temperature>>path:#soil_tem]]|[[Soil Conductivity (EC)>>path:#EC]]|(((
164 164  MOD & Digital Interrupt
165 165  
166 166  (Optional)
... ... @@ -174,17 +174,16 @@
174 174  
175 175  This mode can get the original AD value of moisture and original conductivity (with temperature drift compensation).
176 176  
177 -(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#f7faff; width:510px" %)
178 -|=(((
172 +|(((
179 179  **Size**
180 180  
181 181  **(bytes)**
182 -)))|=**2**|=**2**|=**2**|=**2**|=**2**|=**1**
183 -|**Value**|[[BAT>>||anchor="H2.3.3BatteryInfo"]]|(((
176 +)))|**2**|**2**|**2**|**2**|**2**|**1**
177 +|**Value**|[[BAT>>path:#bat]]|(((
184 184  Temperature
185 185  
186 186  (Reserve, Ignore now)
187 -)))|[[Soil Moisture>>||anchor="H2.3.4SoilMoisture"]]|[[Soil Temperature>>||anchor="H2.3.5SoilTemperature"]]|[[Soil Conductivity (EC)>>||anchor="H2.3.6SoilConductivity28EC29"]](raw)|(((
181 +)))|[[Soil Moisture>>path:#soil_moisture]](raw)|[[Soil Temperature>>path:#soil_tem]]|[[Soil Conductivity (EC)>>path:#EC]](raw)|(((
188 188  MOD & Digital Interrupt
189 189  
190 190  (Optional)
... ... @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@
258 258  mod=(bytes[10]>>7)&0x01=1.
259 259  
260 260  
261 -**Downlink Command:**
255 +Downlink Command:
262 262  
263 263  If payload = 0x0A00, workmode=0
264 264  
... ... @@ -278,25 +278,29 @@
278 278  LSE01 TTN Payload Decoder: [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/Payload_Decoder/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/Payload_Decoder/]]
279 279  
280 280  
281 -
282 282  == 2.4 Uplink Interval ==
283 283  
284 -The LSE01 by default uplink the sensor data every 20 minutes. User can change this interval by AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink Command. See this link: [[Change Uplink Interval>>doc:Main.End Device AT Commands and Downlink Command.WebHome||anchor="H4.1ChangeUplinkInterval"]]
277 +The LSE01 by default uplink the sensor data every 20 minutes. User can change this interval by AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink Command. See this link:
285 285  
279 +[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_AT_Commands_and_Downlink_Commands#Change_Uplink_Interval>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_AT_Commands_and_Downlink_Commands#Change_Uplink_Interval]]
286 286  
281 +1.
282 +11. ​Downlink Payload
287 287  
288 -== 2.5 Downlink Payload ==
289 -
290 290  By default, LSE50 prints the downlink payload to console port.
291 291  
292 -[[image:image-20220606165544-8.png]]
286 +|**Downlink Control Type**|**FPort**|**Type Code**|**Downlink payload size(bytes)**
287 +|TDC (Transmit Time Interval)|Any|01|4
288 +|RESET|Any|04|2
289 +|AT+CFM|Any|05|4
290 +|INTMOD|Any|06|4
291 +|MOD|Any|0A|2
293 293  
293 +**Examples**
294 294  
295 -**Examples:**
296 296  
296 +**Set TDC**
297 297  
298 -* **Set TDC**
299 -
300 300  If the payload=0100003C, it means set the END Node’s TDC to 0x00003C=60(S), while type code is 01.
301 301  
302 302  Payload:    01 00 00 1E    TDC=30S
... ... @@ -304,19 +304,18 @@
304 304  Payload:    01 00 00 3C    TDC=60S
305 305  
306 306  
307 -* **Reset**
305 +**Reset**
308 308  
309 309  If payload = 0x04FF, it will reset the LSE01
310 310  
311 311  
312 -* **CFM**
310 +**CFM**
313 313  
314 314  Downlink Payload: 05000001, Set AT+CFM=1 or 05000000 , set AT+CFM=0
315 315  
314 +1.
315 +11. ​Show Data in DataCake IoT Server
316 316  
317 -
318 -== 2.6 ​Show Data in DataCake IoT Server ==
319 -
320 320  [[DATACAKE>>url:https://datacake.co/]] provides a human friendly interface to show the sensor data, once we have data in TTN, we can use [[DATACAKE>>url:https://datacake.co/]] to connect to TTN and see the data in DATACAKE. Below are the steps:
321 321  
322 322  
... ... @@ -325,34 +325,42 @@
325 325  **Step 2**: To configure the Application to forward data to DATACAKE you will need to add integration. To add the DATACAKE integration, perform the following steps:
326 326  
327 327  
328 -[[image:1654505857935-743.png]]
325 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.png]]
329 329  
330 330  
331 -[[image:1654505874829-548.png]]
328 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image011.png]]
332 332  
330 +
331 +
332 +
333 +
333 333  Step 3: Create an account or log in Datacake.
334 334  
335 335  Step 4: Search the LSE01 and add DevEUI.
336 336  
337 337  
338 -[[image:1654505905236-553.png]]
339 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.png]]
339 339  
340 340  
342 +
341 341  After added, the sensor data arrive TTN, it will also arrive and show in Mydevices.
342 342  
343 -[[image:1654505925508-181.png]]
344 344  
346 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image013.png]]
345 345  
346 346  
347 -== 2.7 Frequency Plans ==
348 348  
350 +1.
351 +11. Frequency Plans
352 +
349 349  The LSE01 uses OTAA mode and below frequency plans by default. If user want to use it with different frequency plan, please refer the AT command sets.
350 350  
355 +1.
356 +11.
357 +111. EU863-870 (EU868)
351 351  
352 -=== 2.7.1 EU863-870 (EU868) ===
359 +Uplink:
353 353  
354 -(% style="color:#037691" %)** Uplink:**
355 -
356 356  868.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
357 357  
358 358  868.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 and SF7BW250
... ... @@ -372,7 +372,7 @@
372 372  868.8 - FSK
373 373  
374 374  
375 -(% style="color:#037691" %)** Downlink:**
380 +Downlink:
376 376  
377 377  Uplink channels 1-9 (RX1)
378 378  
... ... @@ -379,12 +379,13 @@
379 379  869.525 - SF9BW125 (RX2 downlink only)
380 380  
381 381  
387 +1.
388 +11.
389 +111. US902-928(US915)
382 382  
383 -=== 2.7.2 US902-928(US915) ===
384 -
385 385  Used in USA, Canada and South America. Default use CHE=2
386 386  
387 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Uplink:**
393 +Uplink:
388 388  
389 389  903.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
390 390  
... ... @@ -403,7 +403,7 @@
403 403  905.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
404 404  
405 405  
406 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink:**
412 +Downlink:
407 407  
408 408  923.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
409 409  
... ... @@ -424,12 +424,13 @@
424 424  923.3 - SF12BW500(RX2 downlink only)
425 425  
426 426  
433 +1.
434 +11.
435 +111. CN470-510 (CN470)
427 427  
428 -=== 2.7.3 CN470-510 (CN470) ===
429 -
430 430  Used in China, Default use CHE=1
431 431  
432 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Uplink:**
439 +Uplink:
433 433  
434 434  486.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
435 435  
... ... @@ -448,7 +448,7 @@
448 448  487.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
449 449  
450 450  
451 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink:**
458 +Downlink:
452 452  
453 453  506.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
454 454  
... ... @@ -469,12 +469,13 @@
469 469  505.3 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only)
470 470  
471 471  
479 +1.
480 +11.
481 +111. AU915-928(AU915)
472 472  
473 -=== 2.7.4 AU915-928(AU915) ===
474 -
475 475  Default use CHE=2
476 476  
477 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Uplink:**
485 +Uplink:
478 478  
479 479  916.8 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
480 480  
... ... @@ -493,7 +493,7 @@
493 493  918.2 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
494 494  
495 495  
496 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink:**
504 +Downlink:
497 497  
498 498  923.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
499 499  
... ... @@ -513,22 +513,22 @@
513 513  
514 514  923.3 - SF12BW500(RX2 downlink only)
515 515  
524 +1.
525 +11.
526 +111. AS920-923 & AS923-925 (AS923)
516 516  
528 +**Default Uplink channel:**
517 517  
518 -=== 2.7.5 AS920-923 & AS923-925 (AS923) ===
519 -
520 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Default Uplink channel:**
521 -
522 522  923.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
523 523  
524 524  923.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
525 525  
526 526  
527 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Additional Uplink Channel**:
535 +**Additional Uplink Channel**:
528 528  
529 529  (OTAA mode, channel added by JoinAccept message)
530 530  
531 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**AS920~~AS923 for Japan, Malaysia, Singapore**:
539 +**AS920~~AS923 for Japan, Malaysia, Singapore**:
532 532  
533 533  922.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
534 534  
... ... @@ -543,7 +543,7 @@
543 543  922.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
544 544  
545 545  
546 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**AS923 ~~ AS925 for Brunei, Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Laos, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam**:
554 +**AS923 ~~ AS925 for Brunei, Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Laos, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam**:
547 547  
548 548  923.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
549 549  
... ... @@ -558,16 +558,18 @@
558 558  924.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
559 559  
560 560  
561 -(% style="color:#037691" %)** Downlink:**
562 562  
570 +**Downlink:**
571 +
563 563  Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
564 564  
565 565  923.2 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
566 566  
567 567  
577 +1.
578 +11.
579 +111. KR920-923 (KR920)
568 568  
569 -=== 2.7.6 KR920-923 (KR920) ===
570 -
571 571  Default channel:
572 572  
573 573  922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
... ... @@ -577,7 +577,7 @@
577 577  922.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
578 578  
579 579  
580 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Uplink: (OTAA mode, channel added by JoinAccept message)**
590 +Uplink: (OTAA mode, channel added by JoinAccept message)
581 581  
582 582  922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
583 583  
... ... @@ -594,7 +594,7 @@
594 594  923.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
595 595  
596 596  
597 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink:**
607 +Downlink:
598 598  
599 599  Uplink channels 1-7(RX1)
600 600  
... ... @@ -601,11 +601,12 @@
601 601  921.9 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only; SF12BW125 might be changed to SF9BW125)
602 602  
603 603  
614 +1.
615 +11.
616 +111. IN865-867 (IN865)
604 604  
605 -=== 2.7.7 IN865-867 (IN865) ===
618 +Uplink:
606 606  
607 -(% style="color:#037691" %)** Uplink:**
608 -
609 609  865.0625 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
610 610  
611 611  865.4025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
... ... @@ -613,7 +613,7 @@
613 613  865.9850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
614 614  
615 615  
616 -(% style="color:#037691" %) **Downlink:**
627 +Downlink:
617 617  
618 618  Uplink channels 1-3 (RX1)
619 619  
... ... @@ -620,128 +620,110 @@
620 620  866.550 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
621 621  
622 622  
634 +1.
635 +11. LED Indicator
623 623  
624 -
625 -== 2.8 LED Indicator ==
626 -
627 627  The LSE01 has an internal LED which is to show the status of different state.
628 628  
639 +
629 629  * Blink once when device power on.
630 630  * Solid ON for 5 seconds once device successful Join the network.
631 631  * Blink once when device transmit a packet.
632 632  
633 -== 2.9 Installation in Soil ==
644 +1.
645 +11. Installation in Soil
634 634  
635 635  **Measurement the soil surface**
636 636  
637 637  
638 -[[image:1654506634463-199.png]] ​
650 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image014.png]] ​
639 639  
640 -(((
641 -(((
642 642  Choose the proper measuring position. Avoid the probe to touch rocks or hard things. Split the surface soil according to the measured deep. Keep the measured as original density. Vertical insert the probe into the soil to be measured. Make sure not shake when inserting.
643 -)))
644 -)))
645 645  
646 646  
647 -[[image:1654506665940-119.png]]
648 648  
649 -(((
656 +
657 +
658 +
659 +
660 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image015.png]]
661 +
662 +
663 +
650 650  Dig a hole with diameter > 20CM.
651 -)))
652 652  
653 -(((
654 654  Horizontal insert the probe to the soil and fill the hole for long term measurement.
655 -)))
656 656  
657 657  
658 -== 2.10 ​Firmware Change Log ==
659 659  
660 -(((
670 +
671 +1.
672 +11. ​Firmware Change Log
673 +
661 661  **Firmware download link:**
662 -)))
663 663  
664 -(((
665 665  [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/Firmware/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/Firmware/]]
666 -)))
667 667  
668 -(((
669 -
670 -)))
671 671  
672 -(((
673 -**Firmware Upgrade Method: **[[Firmware Upgrade Instruction>>doc:Main.Firmware Upgrade Instruction for STM32 base products.WebHome]]
674 -)))
679 +**Firmware Upgrade Method:**
675 675  
676 -(((
677 -
678 -)))
681 +[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Firmware_Upgrade_Instruction_for_STM32_base_products#Introduction>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Firmware_Upgrade_Instruction_for_STM32_base_products#Introduction]]
679 679  
680 -(((
683 +
681 681  **V1.0.**
682 -)))
683 683  
684 -(((
685 685  Release
686 -)))
687 687  
688 688  
689 -== 2.11 ​Battery Analysis ==
690 690  
691 -=== 2.11.1 ​Battery Type ===
690 +1.
691 +11. ​Battery Analysis
692 +111. ​Battery Type
692 692  
693 -(((
694 694  The LSE01 battery is a combination of a 4000mAh Li/SOCI2 Battery and a Super Capacitor. The battery is non-rechargeable battery type with a low discharge rate (<2% per year). This type of battery is commonly used in IoT devices such as water meter.
695 -)))
696 696  
697 -(((
696 +
698 698  The battery is designed to last for more than 5 years for the LSN50.
699 -)))
700 700  
701 -(((
702 -(((
703 -The battery-related documents are as below:
704 -)))
705 -)))
706 706  
707 -* (((
708 -[[Battery Dimension>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/&file=LSN50-Battery-Dimension.pdf]],
700 +The battery related documents as below:
701 +
702 +* [[Battery Dimension>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/&file=LSN50-Battery-Dimension.pdf]],
703 +* [[Lithium-Thionyl Chloride Battery>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/ER18505_datasheet-EN.pdf]] datasheet, [[Tech Spec>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/ER18505_datasheet_PM-ER18505-S-02-LF_EN.pdf]]
704 +* [[Lithium-ion Battery-Capacitor datasheet>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/SPC_1520_datasheet.jpg]], [[Tech Spec>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/SPC1520%20Technical%20Specification20171123.pdf]]
705 +
706 +|(((
707 +JST-XH-2P connector
709 709  )))
710 -* (((
711 -[[Lithium-Thionyl Chloride Battery  datasheet>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/ER26500/ER26500_Datasheet-EN.pdf]],
712 -)))
713 -* (((
714 -[[Lithium-ion Battery-Capacitor datasheet>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/SPC_1520_datasheet.jpg]], [[Tech Spec>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/SPC1520%20Technical%20Specification20171123.pdf]]
715 -)))
716 716  
717 - [[image:image-20220606171726-9.png]]
710 +[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image016.png]] [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image017.png]]
718 718  
719 719  
720 720  
721 -=== 2.11.2 ​Battery Note ===
714 +1.
715 +11.
716 +111. ​Battery Note
722 722  
723 -(((
724 724  The Li-SICO battery is designed for small current / long period application. It is not good to use a high current, short period transmit method. The recommended minimum period for use of this battery is 5 minutes. If you use a shorter period time to transmit LoRa, then the battery life may be decreased.
725 -)))
726 726  
727 727  
721 +1.
722 +11.
723 +111. ​Replace the battery
728 728  
729 -=== 2.11.3 Replace the battery ===
730 -
731 -(((
732 732  If Battery is lower than 2.7v, user should replace the battery of LSE01.
733 -)))
734 734  
735 -(((
727 +
736 736  You can change the battery in the LSE01.The type of battery is not limited as long as the output is between 3v to 3.6v. On the main board, there is a diode (D1) between the battery and the main circuit. If you need to use a battery with less than 3.3v, please remove the D1 and shortcut the two pads of it so there won’t be voltage drop between battery and main board.
737 -)))
738 738  
739 -(((
730 +
740 740  The default battery pack of LSE01 includes a ER18505 plus super capacitor. If user can’t find this pack locally, they can find ER18505 or equivalence, which will also work in most case. The SPC can enlarge the battery life for high frequency use (update period below 5 minutes)
741 -)))
742 742  
743 743  
744 744  
735 +
736 +
737 +
745 745  = 3. ​Using the AT Commands =
746 746  
747 747  == 3.1 Access AT Commands ==
... ... @@ -749,13 +749,13 @@
749 749  
750 750  LSE01 supports AT Command set in the stock firmware. You can use a USB to TTL adapter to connect to LSE01 for using AT command, as below.
751 751  
752 -[[image:1654501986557-872.png||height="391" width="800"]]
745 +[[image:1654501986557-872.png]]
753 753  
754 754  
755 755  Or if you have below board, use below connection:
756 756  
757 757  
758 -[[image:1654502005655-729.png||height="503" width="801"]]
751 +[[image:1654502005655-729.png]]
759 759  
760 760  
761 761  
... ... @@ -762,7 +762,7 @@
762 762  In the PC, you need to set the serial baud rate to (% style="color:green" %)**9600**(%%) to access the serial console for LSE01. LSE01 will output system info once power on as below:
763 763  
764 764  
765 - [[image:1654502050864-459.png||height="564" width="806"]]
758 + [[image:1654502050864-459.png]]
766 766  
767 767  
768 768  Below are the available commands, a more detailed AT Command manual can be found at [[AT Command Manual>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/]]: [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/]]
... ... @@ -877,7 +877,7 @@
877 877  
878 878  == 4.1 ​How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region? ==
879 879  
880 -You can follow the instructions for [[how to upgrade image>>||anchor="H2.10200BFirmwareChangeLog"]].
873 +You can follow the instructions for [[how to upgrade image>>path:#3ygebqi]].
881 881  When downloading the images, choose the required image file for download. ​
882 882  
883 883  
... ... @@ -977,11 +977,6 @@
977 977  * (% style="color:red" %)**4**(%%): 4000mAh battery
978 978  * (% style="color:red" %)**8**(%%): 8500mAh battery
979 979  
980 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
981 -(((
982 -
983 -)))
984 -
985 985  = 7. Packing Info =
986 986  
987 987  (((
... ... @@ -1011,9 +1011,6 @@
1011 1011  )))
1012 1012  * (((
1013 1013  Weight / pcs : g
1014 -
1015 -
1016 -
1017 1017  )))
1018 1018  
1019 1019  = 8. Support =
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