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Last modified by BoYang Xie on 2025/07/17 15:54
From version 25.1
edited by BoYang Xie
on 2024/09/25 10:06
Change comment: Uploaded new attachment "1727230012478-930.png", version {1}
To version 117.1
edited by Dilisi S
on 2024/12/20 21:52
Change comment: Dec 20 edits - part 1

Summary

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1 -XWiki.xieby
1 +XWiki.pradeeka
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1 -
1 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
2 2  [[image:image-20240915231842-1.png]]
3 3  
4 4  
5 +
6 +
7 +
8 +
9 +
5 5  (% _mstvisible="1" %)
6 -(% _msthash="315238" _msttexthash="18964465" _mstvisible="3" %)**Table of Contents：**
11 +(% _msthash="315238" _msttexthash="18964465" _mstvisible="3" %)**Table of Contents:**
7 7  
8 8  {{toc/}}
9 9  
... ... @@ -16,20 +16,22 @@
16 16  
17 17  = 1.  Introduction =
18 18  
19 -== 1.1  What is LTS5 LoRa HMI touch screen ==
24 +== 1.1  What is the LTS5 LoRa HMI Touch Screen? ==
20 20  
21 -LTS5 is a (% style="color:blue" %)LoRa / LoRaWAN HMI Touch Screen(%%) designed for display purpose of IoT project. It have a 5.0" HMI touch screen, and support WiFi, Bluetooch, LoRa wireless protocol.
22 22  
23 -LTS5 is an Open Source software project. The MCU is ESP32 and Dragino LA66 LoRa module. There are lots of development source for ESP32 which can greatly reduce the development time.
27 +The LTS5 is a (% style="color:blue" %)**LoRa / LoRaWAN HMI Touch Screen**(%%) designed for displaying information in IoT projects. It features a **5.0-inch HMI touch screen** and supports **Wi-Fi**, **Bluetooth**, and **LoRa** wireless protocols.
24 24  
25 -The HMI touch screen of LTS5 supports drap & drop design. Developer can use SquareLine to easily customize the display UI for different application.
29 +The LTS5 is an open-source software project powered by an **ESP32 MCU** and a **Dragino LA66 LoRa** module. The extensive development resources available for ESP32 can significantly reduce development time.
26 26  
27 -LTS5 use LA66 LoRa module, this module can be program to support private LoRa protocol or LoRaWAN protocol.
31 +The LTS5's HMI touch screen supports **drag-and-drop** design, allowing developers to use SquareLine to easily customize the display UI for various applications.
28 28  
33 +The LA66 LoRa module can be programmed to support either private LoRa protocols or the LoRaWAN protocol.
29 29  
30 30  == 1.2  Features ==
31 31  
32 -* ESP32-WROOM MCU + Dragino LA66 LoRa Module
37 +
38 +* ESP32-WROOM MCU: 8MB RAM & 16MB ROM
39 +* Dragino LA66 LoRa Module
33 33  * Support Private LoRa protocol or LoRaWAN protocol
34 34  * Support WiFi & BLE wireless protocol
35 35  * 5.0" HMI touch screen
... ... @@ -40,10 +40,17 @@
40 40  * 5V DC power
41 41  * IP Rating: IP52
42 42  
43 -== 1.3  Specification ==
50 +== 1.3  Specifications ==
44 44  
52 +
45 45  **LoRa**:
46 46  
55 +* Frequency Range: 870 MHz ~~ 960 MHz
56 +* TCXO crystal to ensure RF performance on low temperature
57 +* Maximum Power +22 dBm constant RF output
58 +* High sensitivity: -148 dBm
59 +* LoRa Tx Current: <90 mA at +17 dBm, 108 mA at +22 dBm
60 +* LoRa Rx current: <9 mA
47 47  
48 48  **WiFi:**
49 49  
... ... @@ -69,15 +69,18 @@
69 69  
70 70  == 1.4  Power Consumption ==
71 71  
86 +
72 72  * External 5V DC power adapter
73 73  
74 74  == 1.5  Storage & Operation Temperature ==
75 75  
91 +
76 76  * Operation Temperature: -20 ~~ 70°C  (No Dew)
77 77  * Storage Temperature: -30 ~~ 70°C  (No Dew)
78 78  
79 79  == 1.6  Applications ==
80 80  
97 +
81 81  * Smart Buildings & Home Automation
82 82  * Logistics and Supply Chain Management
83 83  * Smart Metering
... ... @@ -85,38 +85,443 @@
85 85  * Smart Cities
86 86  * Smart Factory
87 87  
88 -= 2.  Getting Start with Hello World =
105 += 2.  Getting Started with Hello World =
89 89  
90 90  == 2.1  About this demo ==
91 91  
92 -In this Getting Start Example, we will show how to desing a simple Display UI and upload it to LTS5. This UI has  a button , when user click the button. The Web UI will jump to a new page.
93 93  
110 +This getting started example demonstrates how to design and deploy a simple display UI for the LTS5 device. The example includes:
94 94  
112 +* Creating a basic UI with a single button.
113 +* Implementing functionality to navigate the Web UI to a new page when the button is clicked.
114 +* Uploading the UI to the LTS5 device.
115 +
116 +
117 +By completing this demo, you will gain foundational knowledge for customizing the LTS5 interface and building more advanced IoT applications.
118 +
119 +
95 95  == 2.2  Install Software Running Environment ==
96 96  
97 -=== 2.2.1 Install ESP-IDF tool ===
98 98  
123 +The **ESP MCU** supports development using **ESP-IDF**, **Arduino**, or **MicroPython**. For this project, we use **ESP-IDF** for compilation and **Visual Studio Code (VS Code)** as the development environment.
124 +
125 +
126 +=== 2.2.1 Install VSCode and ESP-IDF extension ===
127 +
128 +
129 +Firstly, download and install VSCode for your computer's operating system from the official website: [[Download Visual Studio Code - Mac, Linux, Windows>>url:https://code.visualstudio.com/download]].
130 +
131 +Next, you need to install the ESP-IDF extension within VSCode. The detailed operation steps are illustrated in image 1.
132 +
133 +[[image:image-20240928110211-5.png||height="508" width="866"]]
134 +
135 + image 1 ESP-IDF extension install
136 +
137 +Links for reference: [[Install ESP32 ESP-IDF on Windows and Integrate with VS code (esp32tutorials.com)>>url:https://esp32tutorials.com/install-esp32-esp-idf-windows-integrate-vs-code/#:~~:text=In%20this%20tutorial,%20we%20will%20show%20you%20how%20to%20install]]
138 +
139 +
99 99  === 2.2.2 Install SquareLine Studio ===
100 100  
101 101  
102 -== 2.3 Program in SquareLine and get UI code ==
143 +The version we are utilizing for this software is 1.4.2. You can download it from the official link: [[SquareLine Studio - Download the current version of SquareLine Studio>>url:https://squareline.io/downloads#lastRelease]].
103 103  
145 +Please note that this software necessitates the registration of a license prior to usage, and various licenses come with distinct limitations. For instance, the free version imposes restrictions such as a limit of 1 component, 150 widgets, and 10 screens. However, for first-time downloads, you are granted unrestricted access for a period of 30 days without the need for immediate registration.
104 104  
105 -== 2.4 Intergrate UI Code to ESP32 ==
106 106  
148 +== 2.3 Simple usage of SquareLine Studio and export UI code ==
107 107  
108 -== 2.5 Test Result ==
109 109  
151 +After launching and logging in to this software, create a project as shown in the following image 2. The version of LVGL is 8.3.11.
110 110  
153 +[[image:image-20240928103357-2.png||height="680" width="708"]]
154 +
155 + image 2 create a SquareLine project
156 +
157 +Next, we need to make some settings for this project. By clicking in the specified order on image 3, we can see the page as shown in image 4.
158 +
159 +[[image:1727229582471-566.png]]
160 +
161 + image 3 project settings
162 +
163 +[[image:image-20240928105309-4.png||height="526" width="556"]]
164 +
165 + image 4 modify project settings
166 +
167 +Now we can start to use this software. Here are some usage information for this software.
168 +
169 +**~1. add widget**
170 +
171 +To add a widget, you should click a widget you want to add at the area entitled “Widgets”. In image , demonstrate a add process of label, button, and image 5.
172 +
173 +[[image:image-20240928111412-6.png||height="526" width="864"]]
174 +
175 + image 5 add widgets
176 +
177 +**2. modify widget**
178 +
179 +The area for modifying widgets is called "Inspector". There are four parts in the "Inspector" tab. We use three of them more frequently, excluding "COMPONENT". The second part is aimed at adjusting the layout, size, position, alignment, flags, and states, etc. of widgets. The name of the second part indicates the type of widget it is representing, and in image 6, it is "BUTTON".
180 +
181 +[[image:1727485118799-984.png]]
182 +
183 + image 6 the button widget's "Inspector" tab
184 +
185 +Second part: "Layout" means a auto position-management for widgets contained in the parent widget. "Transform" includes size, position and align modification.
186 +
187 +[[image:1727485251053-655.png]]
188 +
189 +image 7 the button widget's "BUTTON" tab
190 +
191 +Third part: It is an area of style setting.
192 +
193 +Fourth part: It is an area for adding events. In image 8, it is adding a click event to a button. If the button is clicked after the click event is added as shown in image 8, the current screen will fade into another specified screen, and the switching process will last 500ms.
194 +
195 +[[image:1727485480434-713.png||height="395" width="290"]]
196 +
197 + image 8 add event for button
198 +
199 +**3. change label widget content**
200 +
201 +Modify the content in text as shown in image 9, the text content of label widget will be changed accordingly.
202 +
203 +[[image:image-20240928090825-1.png||height="327" width="391"]]
204 +
205 + image 9 modify text content of label widget
206 +
207 +**4. Add image into project**
208 +
209 +To use the image widget, you should first add an image to your project. The image format must be PNG, and its resolution should not exceed 800x480 pixels. There are two ways to add an image file. One way is to move your image into the folder "…/squareline project/assets/", as shown in image 10. The other way is to click the "ADD FILE INTO ASSETS" button, then select an image from your computer to import. After adding, you can see the image in the "assets" area in SquareLine Studio, as demonstrated in image 11.
210 +
211 +[[image:image-20240928113424-9.png||height="355" width="505"]]
212 +
213 + image 10 add image file into SquareLine Studio project
214 +
215 +[[image:image-20240928114139-10.png||height="559" width="810"]]
216 +
217 + image 11 use image widget in SquareLine Studio
218 +
219 +**5. The relationship between widgets**
220 +
221 +There are two common relationships between widgets: one is parallel, the other is parent-child. The parallel relationship means that widgets' relative position is based on a collective object of reference. In parent-child relationship, the parts of the child object that are outside the boundaries of the parent object are not visible by default. Therefore, we need to adjust the position of the child object so that it falls within the range of the parent object, allowing it to be seen as illustrated in image 13.
222 +
223 +[[image:1727486567182-334.png||height="318" width="278"]]
224 +
225 +image 12 move label1 to make label1 widget be a child of button1 widget(1)
226 +
227 +[[image:image-20240928112001-8.png||height="431" width="796"]]
228 +
229 + image 13 move label1 to make label1 widget be a child of button1 widget(2)
230 +
231 +**6. Preview the final effect**
232 +
233 +An advantage of this kind of software is that you can edit the UI with quick previews. In other words, it provides a way of combining graphical programming with simulation immediately.
234 +
235 +[[image:1727487368023-281.png]]
236 +
237 + image 14 click on the triangle icon to start or end the simulation
238 +
239 +For more detailed usage, please visit the official link: [[SquareLine Studio 1.4.2 Documentation ~| SquareLine Studio>>url:https://docs.squareline.io/docs/squareline/]].
240 +
241 +
242 +== 2.4 Integrate UI Code to ESP-IDF Project ==
243 +
244 +
245 +To achieve the integrating, we first need to export the UI code, then make some modifications, and finally relocate the UI code to a specific position within the project.
246 +
247 +[[image:1727229798126-306.png]]
248 +
249 + image 15 export UI file
250 +
251 +[[image:1727229821582-258.png||height="333" width="662"]]
252 +
253 + image 16 exported UI file
254 +
255 +Create a empty directory entitled "ui" in path "basic_prj/app_components/ui/", and then copy all UI code exported to this directory.
256 +
257 +[[image:image-20240928144830-11.png]]
258 +
259 + image 17 open CMakeLists.txt
260 +
261 +[[image:1727229892636-154.png||height="521" width="407"]]
262 +
263 + image 18 modify CMakeLists.txt
264 +
265 +The last step of integrating is adding two lines of code in main.c file.
266 +
267 +[[image:1727229926561-300.png]]
268 +
269 + image 19 add "ui.h"
270 +
271 +[[image:1727229955611-607.png]]
272 +
273 + image 20 add "ui_init()"
274 +
275 +
276 +== 2.5 Brief introduction of hello world project ==
277 +
278 +
279 +The project consists of two screens. The first screen displays the company's logo, the project name, and a button to navigate to the next screen. The second screen presents some information about this HMI screen product through an image and includes a button to return to the previous screen.
280 +
281 +
282 +== 2.6 Test Result ==
283 +
284 +
285 +By pressing the button lying bottom right, the screen can switch to another as expected. This indicates that the UI file has been successfully integrated into the project and is now effective.
286 +
287 +[[image:1727488067077-684.png||height="402" width="574"]]
288 +
289 + image 21 screen1
290 +
291 +[[image:1727488157579-949.png||height="397" width="572"]]
292 +
293 + image 22 screen2
294 +
295 +
111 111  = 3. Example Project 1: LoRa Central Display =
112 112  
113 113  [[image:image-20240916101737-1.png||height="468" width="683"]]
114 114  
115 115  
116 -
117 117  = 4. Example Project 2: LoRaWAN RS485 Alarm =
118 118  
303 += 5.  The way to add a new panel to project =
119 119  
305 +**~1. Design a panel in SquareLine Studio, using image 5.1 below as a reference.**
306 +
307 +[[image:image-20241121113445-1.png||height="584" width="934"]]
308 +
309 + image 5.1 a panel about water_leak
310 +
311 +**2. Export the ui file.** You need  to adjust the export path first, then click "Export->Export UI Files". This step had been introduced before. Then you can get the ui files as shown in image 5.2.
312 +
313 +[[image:image-20241121141120-4.png||height="383" width="795"]]
314 +
315 + image 5.2 ui files exported
316 +
317 +**3. Delete or rename some file.** Here are the steps:
318 +
319 + Step1 Delete the 'components' directory.
320 + Step2 Delete 'filelist.txt'.
321 + Step3 Delete 'ui_helpers.c' and 'ui_helpers.h'.
322 + Step4 Rename 'ui_ScreenMain.c' in the 'screens' directory to 'ui_water_leak_style.c'.
323 + Step5 Rename the 'screens' directory to 'styles'.
324 +
325 +[[image:image-20241121151934-10.png||height="303" width="792"]]
326 +
327 + image 5.3 rest file (1)
328 +
329 +[[image:image-20241121142925-7.png||height="141" width="793"]]
330 +
331 + image 5.4 rest file (2)
332 +
333 +**4. Open this project in vscode.**
334 +
335 +5. Add file include path about water_leak in extra_lib/CMakeLists.txt as shown in image 5.5, 5.6, and its format is similar to the tem_hum or door.
336 +
337 +[[image:image-20241121181957-17.png||height="438" width="516"]]
338 +
339 + image 5.5 extra_lib/CMakeLists.txt before add
340 +
341 +[[image:image-20241121182239-18.png||height="520" width="518"]]
342 +
343 + image 5.6 extra_lib/CMakeLists.txt after add
344 +
345 +**6. Modify header file include in fonts and images directory.** Open the fonts/ui_font_Font12.c file, as shown in image 5.7, then modify the '#include "../ui.h"' to '#include "../ui_water_leak.h"', the image 5.8 is the modified image. Other font file need to be modified in same way.
346 +
347 +[[image:image-20241121171629-11.png]]
348 +
349 + image 5.7 before-modified font file
350 +
351 +[[image:image-20241121171901-12.png]]
352 +
353 + image 5.8 modified font file
354 +
355 +Open the images/ui_img_battery_empty_png.c file, as shown in image 5.9, then modify the '#include "../ui.h"' to '#include "../ui_water_leak.h"', the image 5.10 is the modified image. Other image file need to be modified in same way.
356 +
357 +[[image:image-20241121172714-13.png]]
358 +
359 + image 5.9 before-modified image file
360 +
361 +[[image:image-20241121172908-14.png]]
362 +
363 + image 5.10 modified image file
364 +
365 +**7. Modify the ui_water_leak/CMakeLists.txt.** Open this file, and modify it from image 5.11 to image 5.12.
366 +
367 +[[image:image-20241121180030-15.png]]
368 +
369 + image 5.11 ui_water_leak/CMakeLists.txt before modification
370 +
371 +[[image:image-20241121180517-16.png]]
372 +
373 + image 5.12 ui_water_leak/CMakeLists.txt after modification
374 +
375 +**8. Modify ui_water_leak.h file.** The image 5.13, 5.14 show the code before modification, and the image 5.15, 5.16 show the code after modification.
376 +
377 +[[image:image-20241122094200-23.png]]
378 +
379 + image 5.13 ui_water_leak.h (1) before modification
380 +
381 +[[image:image-20241122094320-24.png||height="852" width="554"]]
382 +
383 + image 5.14 ui_water_leak.h (2) before modification
384 +
385 +[[image:image-20241122094600-25.png||height="1078" width="554"]]
386 +
387 + image 5.15 ui_water_leak.h (1) after modification
388 +
389 +[[image:image-20241122094719-26.png||height="941" width="583"]]
390 +
391 + image 5.16 ui_water_leak.h (2) before modification
392 +
393 +**9. Modify ui_water_leak.c file.** The image 5.17, 5.18, 5.19 show the code before modification, and the image 5.20, 5.21, 5.22 show the code after modification.
394 +
395 +_ui_flag_modify( ((lv_obj_t *)(e->user_data)), LV_OBJ_FLAG_HIDDEN, _UI_MODIFY_FLAG_TOGGLE);  This code replaces 4 lines of code in ui_water_leak.c, so it is pasted here for convenience.
396 +
397 +[[image:image-20241122102929-27.png||height="619" width="426"]]
398 +
399 + image 5.17 ui_water_leak.c (1) before modification
400 +
401 +[[image:image-20241122112838-30.png||height="551" width="628"]]
402 +
403 + image 5.18 ui_water_leak.c (2) before modification
404 +
405 +[[image:image-20241122110815-29.png||height="725" width="712"]]
406 +
407 + image 5.19 ui_water_leak.c (3) before modification
408 +
409 +[[image:image-20241122113158-31.png||height="872" width="677"]]
410 +
411 + image 5.20 ui_water_leak.c (1) after modification
412 +
413 +[[image:image-20241122113259-33.png||height="874" width="724"]]
414 +
415 + image 5.21 ui_water_leak.c (2) after modification
416 +
417 +[[image:image-20241122113359-34.png||height="804" width="746"]]
418 +
419 + image 5.22 ui_water_leak.c (3) after modification
420 +
421 +**10. Modify ui_water_leak_events.h file.** The image 5.23 show the code before modification, and the image 5.24 show the code after modification.
422 +
423 +[[image:image-20241122134113-35.png||height="380" width="421"]]
424 +
425 + image 5.23 ui_water_leak_events_.h before modification
426 +
427 +[[image:image-20241122134420-37.png||height="201" width="283"]]
428 +
429 +image 5.24 ui_water_leak_events_.h after modification
430 +
431 +**11. Modify ui_water_leak_events.c file.** The image 5.25 show the code before modification, and the image 5.26 show the code after modification.
432 +
433 +Step1. '#include "ui.h"'~-~->'#include "ui_water_leak.h"'
434 +
435 +Step2. add code  below in delete_object() function definition.
436 +
437 + panel_all * panel = find_upper_by_SensorPanel(&arr,((lv_obj_t *)(e->user_data~)~)~);
438 +
439 + size_t index = panel->panel_obj_index;
440 +
441 + deleteElement(&arr, index);
442 +
443 +[[image:image-20241122135023-38.png||height="358" width="372"]]
444 +
445 + image 5.25 ui_water_leak_events_.c before modification
446 +
447 +[[image:image-20241122135258-39.png||height="403" width="559"]]
448 +
449 + image 5.26 ui_water_leak_events_.c after modification
450 +
451 +**12. Modify ui_water_leak_style.c file.**
452 +
453 +Step1. '#include "../ui.h"'~-~->#include '"../ui_water_leak.h"'
454 +
455 + add '#include "../../sort.h"'
456 +
457 + add '#include "ui.h"'
458 +
459 +[[image:image-20241122141536-41.png||height="361" width="612"]]
460 +
461 + image 5.27 ui_water_leak_style.c (1) before modification
462 +
463 +[[image:image-20241122142129-42.png||height="386" width="613"]]
464 +
465 + image 5.28 ui_water_leak_style.c (1) after modification
466 +
467 +Step2. modify 'void ui_ScreenMain_screen_init(void)'~-~->'panel_with_type create_water_leak(uint8_t index)'
468 +
469 + delete code as shown in image 5.29
470 +
471 +[[image:image-20241122145620-44.png||height="757" width="671"]]
472 +
473 + image 5.29 ui_water_leak_style.c (2)
474 +
475 +Step3. The image 5.30, 5.31 show the change.
476 +
477 +[[image:image-20241122152026-45.png||height="277" width="828"]]
478 +
479 + image 5.30 ui_water_leak_style.c (3) before modification
480 +
481 +[[image:image-20241122152542-46.png||height="293" width="830"]]
482 +
483 + image 5.31 ui_water_leak_style.c (3) after modification
484 +
485 +Step4. Copy partly the code in ui_water_leak.c, paste at extra_lib/sort.h(The process is shown in image 5.32, 5.33).
486 +
487 +[[image:image-20241122153958-47.png]]
488 +
489 + image 5.32 ui_water_leak_style.c (4)
490 +
491 +[[image:image-20241122154755-49.png||height="864" width="513"]]
492 +
493 + image 5.33 ui_water_leak_style.c (4)
494 +
495 +Step5. Delete event function in code which was just pasted in extra_lib/sort.h(The process is shown in image 5.34).
496 +
497 +[[image:image-20241122155650-50.png||height="922" width="513"]]
498 +
499 + image 5.34 ui_water_leak_style.c (5)
500 +
501 +Step6. Add some lines of code in extra_lib/sort.h as shown in image 5.35.
502 +
503 +[[image:image-20241122161934-51.png]]
504 +
505 + image 5.35
506 +
507 +Step7. Add a line of code in extra_lib/sort.h as shown in image 5.36.
508 +
509 +[[image:image-20241122162852-53.png||height="330" width="529"]]
510 +
511 + image 5.37
512 +
513 +Step8. Add some code in ui_water_leak_style.c as shown in image 5.38 from line534 to line 576 in detail.
514 +
515 +panel_with_type union_sensor;
516 +
517 +union_sensor.panel_type = WATER_LEAK_TYPE;
518 +
519 +......
520 +
521 +lv_obj_set_x(union_sensor.panel_union.door.ui_PanelSensorDoor, x_by_index(index));
522 +
523 +lv_obj_set_y(union_sensor.panel_union.door.ui_PanelSensorDoor, y_by_index(index));
524 +
525 +return union_sensor;
526 +
527 +[[image:image-20241122171211-54.png||height="635" width="792"]]
528 +
529 + image 5.38
530 +
531 +**13. Modify sort.c file.**
532 +
533 +Add a line of code ~-~-'#include "ui_water_leak.h"' as shown in image 5.39 line 16.
534 +
535 +[[image:image-20241122173718-56.png||height="378" width="579"]]
536 +
537 + image 5.39 sort.c (1)
538 +
539 +There are still some changes need to be done in sort.c, and omit here for the moment.
540 +
541 +
120 120  = 6. FAQ =
121 121  
122 122  == 6.1 ==
... ... @@ -126,11 +126,13 @@
126 126  
127 127  == 7.1  Part Number ==
128 128  
551 +
129 129  Part Number: (% style="color:#4472c4" %)LTS5
130 130  
131 131  
132 132  == 7.2  Packing Info ==
133 133  
557 +
134 134  **Package Includes**:
135 135  
136 136  * LTS5 HMI Touch Screen
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139 139  
140 140  = 8. Support =
141 141  
566 +
142 142  * Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8. Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before-mentioned schedule.
143 143  * Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to [[support@dragino.com>>url:file:///D:/市场资料/说明书/LoRa/LT系列/support@dragino.com]].
144 144  
145 145  = 9.  Reference material =
146 146  
572 +
147 147  * Datasheet
148 148  * Source Code
149 149  * Mechinical
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