Last modified by Xiaoling on 2025/04/25 14:08

From version 74.8
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/06/07 17:50
Change comment: There is no comment for this version
To version 98.13
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/10/27 13:43
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

Summary

Details

Page properties
Content
... ... @@ -4,63 +4,10 @@
4 4  
5 5  
6 6  
7 -**Contents:**
8 8  
9 -* [[1. Introduction>>path:#H1.Introduction]]
10 -** [[1.1 ​What is LoRaWAN Soil pH Sensor>>path:#H1.1200BWhatisLoRaWANSoilpHSensor]]
11 -** [[​1.2 Features>>path:#H200B1.2Features]]
12 -** [[1.3 Probe Specification>>path:#H1.3ProbeSpecification]]
13 -** [[1.4 ​Applications>>path:#H1.4200BApplications]]
14 -** [[1.5 Pin mapping and power on>>path:#H1.5Pinmappingandpoweron]]
15 -* [[2. Configure LSPH01 to connect to LoRaWAN network>>path:#H2.ConfigureLSPH01toconnecttoLoRaWANnetwork]]
16 -** [[2.1 How it works>>path:#H2.1Howitworks]]
17 -** [[2.2 ​Quick guide to connect to LoRaWAN server (OTAA)>>path:#H2.2200BQuickguidetoconnecttoLoRaWANserver28OTAA29]]
18 -** [[2.3 ​Uplink Payload>>path:#H2.3200BUplinkPayload]]
19 -*** [[2.3.1 Battery Info>>path:#H2.3.1BatteryInfo]]
20 -*** [[2.3.2 DS18B20 Temperature sensor>>path:#H2.3.2DS18B20Temperaturesensor]]
21 -*** [[2.3.3 Soil pH>>path:#H2.3.3SoilpH]]
22 -*** [[2.3.4 Soil Temperature>>path:#H2.3.4SoilTemperature]]
23 -*** [[2.3.5 Interrupt Pin>>path:#H2.3.5InterruptPin]]
24 -*** [[2.3.6 Message Type>>path:#H2.3.6MessageType]]
25 -*** [[2.3.7 Decode payload in The Things Network>>path:#H2.3.7DecodepayloadinTheThingsNetwork]]
26 -** [[2.4 Uplink Interval>>path:#H2.4UplinkInterval]]
27 -** [[2.5 ​Show Data in DataCake IoT Server>>path:#H2.5200BShowDatainDataCakeIoTServer]]
28 -** [[2.6 Installation and Maintain>>path:#H2.6InstallationandMaintain]]
29 -*** [[2.6.1 Before measurement>>path:#H2.6.1Beforemeasurement]]
30 -*** [[2.6.2 Measurement>>path:#H2.6.2Measurement]]
31 -*** [[2.6.3 Maintain Probe>>path:#H2.6.3MaintainProbe]]
32 -** [[2.7 Calibration>>path:#H2.7Calibration]]
33 -** [[2.8 Frequency Plans>>path:#H2.8FrequencyPlans]]
34 -*** [[2.8.1 EU863-870 (EU868)>>path:#H2.8.1EU863-87028EU86829]]
35 -*** [[2.8.2 US902-928(US915)>>path:#H2.8.2US902-92828US91529]]
36 -*** [[2.8.3 CN470-510 (CN470)>>path:#H2.8.3CN470-51028CN47029]]
37 -*** [[2.8.4 AU915-928(AU915)>>path:#H2.8.4AU915-92828AU91529]]
38 -*** [[2.8.5 AS920-923 & AS923-925 (AS923)>>path:#H2.8.5AS920-92326AS923-92528AS92329]]
39 -*** [[2.8.6 KR920-923 (KR920)>>path:#H2.8.6KR920-92328KR92029]]
40 -*** [[2.8.7 IN865-867 (IN865)>>path:#H2.8.7IN865-86728IN86529]]
41 -** [[2.9 LED Indicator>>path:#H2.9LEDIndicator]]
42 -** [[2.10 ​Firmware Change Log>>path:#H2.10200BFirmwareChangeLog]]
43 -* [[3. Configure LSPH01 via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink>>path:#H3.ConfigureLSPH01viaATCommandorLoRaWANDownlink]]
44 -** [[3.1 Set Transmit Interval Time>>path:#H3.1SetTransmitIntervalTime]]
45 -** [[3.2 Set Interrupt Mode>>path:#H3.2SetInterruptMode]]
46 -** [[3.3 Calibrate Sensor>>path:#H3.3CalibrateSensor]]
47 -** [[3.4 Get Firmware Version Info>>path:#H3.4GetFirmwareVersionInfo]]
48 -* [[4. Battery & How to replace>>path:#H4.Battery26Howtoreplace]]
49 -** [[4.1 Battery Type>>path:#H4.1BatteryType]]
50 -** [[4.2 Replace Battery>>path:#H4.2ReplaceBattery]]
51 -** [[4.3 Power Consumption Analyze>>path:#H4.3PowerConsumptionAnalyze]]
52 -*** [[4.3.1 ​Battery Note>>path:#H4.3.1200BBatteryNote]]
53 -*** [[​4.3.2 Replace the battery>>path:#H200B4.3.2Replacethebattery]]
54 -* [[5. Use AT Command>>path:#H5.UseATCommand]]
55 -** [[5.1 Access AT Commands>>path:#H5.1AccessATCommands]]
56 -* [[6. FAQ>>path:#H6.FAQ]]
57 -** [[6.1 How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region>>path:#H6.1HowtochangetheLoRaFrequencyBands2FRegion]]
58 -* [[7. Trouble Shooting>>path:#H7.TroubleShooting]]
59 -** [[7.1 AT Commands input doesn’t work>>path:#H7.1ATCommandsinputdoesn2019twork]]
60 -* [[8. Order Info>>path:#H8.OrderInfo]]
61 -* [[9. ​Packing Info>>path:#H9.200BPackingInfo]]
62 -* [[10. ​Support>>path:#H10.A0200BSupport]]
8 +**Table of Contents:**
63 63  
10 +{{toc/}}
64 64  
65 65  
66 66  
... ... @@ -69,8 +69,10 @@
69 69  
70 70  = 1. Introduction =
71 71  
19 +
72 72  == 1.1 ​What is LoRaWAN Soil pH Sensor ==
73 73  
22 +
74 74  (((
75 75  The Dragino LSPH01 is a (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**LoRaWAN Soil pH Sensor**(%%) for IoT of Agriculture. It is designed to measure the soil PH and soil temperature, so to send to the platform to analyze the soil acid or alkali level. The probe is IP68 waterproof.
76 76  )))
... ... @@ -98,6 +98,7 @@
98 98  
99 99  == ​1.2 Features ==
100 100  
50 +
101 101  * LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Class A
102 102  * Ultra-low power consumption
103 103  * Monitor soil pH with temperature compensation.
... ... @@ -113,6 +113,7 @@
113 113  * 8500mAh Battery for long term use
114 114  
115 115  
66 +
116 116  == 1.3 Probe Specification ==
117 117  
118 118  
... ... @@ -134,13 +134,16 @@
134 134  * Length: 3.5 meters
135 135  
136 136  
88 +
137 137  == 1.4 ​Applications ==
138 138  
91 +
139 139  * Smart Agriculture
140 140  
141 141  
142 142  == 1.5 Pin mapping and power on ==
143 143  
97 +
144 144  [[image:1654592472094-134.png]]
145 145  
146 146  
... ... @@ -147,19 +147,23 @@
147 147  
148 148  = 2. Configure LSPH01 to connect to LoRaWAN network =
149 149  
104 +
150 150  == 2.1 How it works ==
151 151  
107 +
152 152  (((
153 153  The LSPH01 is configured as LoRaWAN OTAA Class A mode by default. It has OTAA keys to join LoRaWAN network. To connect a local LoRaWAN network, you need to input the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN IoT server and power on the LSPH01. It will automatically join the network via OTAA and start to send the sensor value. The default uplink interval is 20 minutes.
154 154  )))
155 155  
156 156  (((
157 -In case you cant set the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN OTAA server, and you have to use the keys from the server, you can [[use AT Commands >>path:#H5.UseATCommand]]to set the keys in the LSPH01.
113 +In case you can't set the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN OTAA server, and you have to use the keys from the server, you can [[use AT Commands >>||anchor="H5.UseATCommand"]]to set the keys in the LSPH01.
158 158  )))
159 159  
160 160  
117 +
161 161  == 2.2 ​Quick guide to connect to LoRaWAN server (OTAA) ==
162 162  
120 +
163 163  (((
164 164  Following is an example for how to join the [[TTN v3 LoRaWAN Network>>url:https://console.cloud.thethings.network/]]. Below is the network structure; we use the [[LG308>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora/item/140-lg308.html]] as a LoRaWAN gateway in this example.
165 165  )))
... ... @@ -166,10 +166,14 @@
166 166  
167 167  (((
168 168  [[image:1654592492399-921.png]]
127 +
128 +
169 169  )))
170 170  
171 171  (((
172 172  The LG308 is already set to connected to [[TTN network >>url:https://console.cloud.thethings.network/]], so what we need to now is configure the TTN server.
133 +
134 +
173 173  )))
174 174  
175 175  (((
... ... @@ -193,11 +193,13 @@
193 193  [[image:1654592600093-601.png]]
194 194  
195 195  
158 +
196 196  **Add APP EUI and DEV EUI**
197 197  
198 198  [[image:1654592619856-881.png]]
199 199  
200 200  
164 +
201 201  **Add APP EUI in the application**
202 202  
203 203  [[image:1654592632656-512.png]]
... ... @@ -219,6 +219,8 @@
219 219  
220 220  (((
221 221  (% style="color:blue" %)**Step 3**(%%)**:** The LSPH01 will auto join to the TTN network. After join success, it will start to upload messages to TTN and you can see the messages in the panel.
186 +
187 +
222 222  )))
223 223  
224 224  [[image:1654592697690-910.png]]
... ... @@ -227,6 +227,7 @@
227 227  
228 228  == 2.3 ​Uplink Payload ==
229 229  
196 +
230 230  (((
231 231  LSPH01 will uplink payload via LoRaWAN with below payload format: 
232 232  )))
... ... @@ -239,20 +239,15 @@
239 239  Normal uplink payload:
240 240  )))
241 241  
242 -(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; width:510px" %)
243 -|(((
244 -**Size**
245 -
246 -**(bytes)**
247 -)))|**2**|**2**|**2**|**2**|**1**|**1**|**1**
248 -|**Value**|[[BAT>>path:#H2.3.1BatteryInfo]]|(((
249 -[[Temperature>>path:#H2.3.2DS18B20Temperaturesensor]]
250 -
251 -[[(Optional)>>path:#H2.3.2DS18B20Temperaturesensor]]
252 -)))|[[Soil pH>>path:#H2.3.3SoilpH]]|[[Soil Temperature>>path:#H2.3.4SoilTemperature]]|(((
253 -[[Digital Interrupt (Optional)>>path:#H2.3.5InterruptPin]]
209 +(% border="1" cellspacing="5" style="background-color:#ffffcc; width:510px" %)
210 +|=(% style="width: 60px;" %)(((
211 +**Size (bytes)**)))|=(% style="width: 30px;" %)**2**|=(% style="width: 70px;" %)**2**|=(% style="width: 70px;" %)**2**|=(% style="width: 60px;" %)**2**|=(% style="width: 70px;" %)**1**|=(% style="width: 50px;" %)**1**|=(% style="width: 80px;" %)**1**
212 +|(% style="width:62.5px" %)**Value**|(% style="width:62.5px" %)[[BAT>>||anchor="H2.3.1BatteryInfo"]]|(% style="width:62.5px" %)(((
213 +[[Temperature (Optional)>>||anchor="H2.3.2DS18B20Temperaturesensor"]]
214 +)))|[[Soil pH>>||anchor="H2.3.3SoilpH"]]|[[Soil Temperature>>||anchor="H2.3.4SoilTemperature"]]|(((
215 +[[Digital Interrupt (Optional)>>||anchor="H2.3.5InterruptPin"]]
254 254  )))|Reserve|(((
255 -[[Message Type>>path:#H2.3.6MessageType]]
217 +[[Message Type>>||anchor="H2.3.6MessageType"]]
256 256  )))
257 257  
258 258  [[image:1654592721645-318.png]]
... ... @@ -272,6 +272,7 @@
272 272  
273 273  === 2.3.2 DS18B20 Temperature sensor ===
274 274  
237 +
275 275  This is optional, user can connect external DS18B20 sensor to the +3.3v, 1-wire and GND pin . and this field will report temperature.
276 276  
277 277  
... ... @@ -285,6 +285,7 @@
285 285  
286 286  === 2.3.3 Soil pH ===
287 287  
251 +
288 288  Range: 0 ~~ 14 pH
289 289  
290 290  **Example:**
... ... @@ -295,6 +295,7 @@
295 295  
296 296  === 2.3.4 Soil Temperature ===
297 297  
262 +
298 298  Get Soil Temperature 
299 299  
300 300  
... ... @@ -308,9 +308,10 @@
308 308  
309 309  === 2.3.5 Interrupt Pin ===
310 310  
311 -This data field shows if this packet is generated by interrupt or not. [[Click here>>path:#H3.2SetInterruptMode]] for the hardware and software set up.
312 312  
277 +This data field shows if this packet is generated by interrupt or not. [[Click here>>||anchor="H3.2SetInterruptMode"]] for the hardware and software set up.
313 313  
279 +
314 314  **Example:**
315 315  
316 316  0x00: Normal uplink packet.
... ... @@ -321,6 +321,7 @@
321 321  
322 322  === 2.3.6 Message Type ===
323 323  
290 +
324 324  (((
325 325  For a normal uplink payload, the message type is always 0x01.
326 326  )))
... ... @@ -330,11 +330,11 @@
330 330  )))
331 331  
332 332  
333 -(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; width:510px" %)
334 -|=**Message Type Code**|=**Description**|=**Payload**
335 -|0x01|Normal Uplink|[[Normal Uplink Payload>>path:#H2.3200BUplinkPayload]]
336 -|0x02|Reply configures info|[[Configure Info Payload>>path:#H3.4GetFirmwareVersionInfo]]
337 -|0x03|Reply Calibration Info|[[Calibration Payload>>path:#H2.7Calibration]]
300 +(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; width:499px" %)
301 +|=(% style="width: 160px;" %)**Message Type Code**|=(% style="width: 163px;" %)**Description**|=(% style="width: 173px;" %)**Payload**
302 +|(% style="width:160px" %)0x01|(% style="width:163px" %)Normal Uplink|(% style="width:173px" %)[[Normal Uplink Payload>>||anchor="H2.3200BUplinkPayload"]]
303 +|(% style="width:160px" %)0x02|(% style="width:163px" %)Reply configures info|(% style="width:173px" %)[[Configure Info Payload>>||anchor="H3.4GetFirmwareVersionInfo"]]
304 +|(% style="width:160px" %)0x03|(% style="width:163px" %)Reply Calibration Info|(% style="width:173px" %)[[Calibration Payload>>||anchor="H2.7Calibration"]]
338 338  
339 339  
340 340  
... ... @@ -350,7 +350,7 @@
350 350  )))
351 351  
352 352  (((
353 -LSPH01 TTN Payload Decoder: [[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.pHp?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSPH01/Decoder/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSNPK01/Decoder/]]
320 +LSPH01 TTN Payload Decoder:  [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/dragino-end-node-decoder>>https://github.com/dragino/dragino-end-node-decoder]]
354 354  )))
355 355  
356 356  
... ... @@ -357,12 +357,14 @@
357 357  
358 358  == 2.4 Uplink Interval ==
359 359  
360 -The LSPH01 by default uplink the sensor data every 20 minutes. User can change this interval by AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink Command. See this link: [[Change Uplink Interval>>path:/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/#H4.1ChangeUplinkInterval]]
361 361  
328 +The LSPH01 by default uplink the sensor data every 20 minutes. User can change this interval by AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink Command. See this link: [[Change Uplink Interval>>doc:Main.End Device AT Commands and Downlink Command.WebHome||anchor="H4.1ChangeUplinkInterval"]]
362 362  
363 363  
331 +
364 364  == 2.5 ​Show Data in DataCake IoT Server ==
365 365  
334 +
366 366  (((
367 367  [[DATACAKE>>url:https://datacake.co/]] provides a human friendly interface to show the sensor data, once we have data in TTN, we can use [[DATACAKE>>url:https://datacake.co/]] to connect to TTN and see the data in DATACAKE. Below are the steps:
368 368  )))
... ... @@ -405,7 +405,7 @@
405 405  )))
406 406  
407 407  (((
408 -Download Datacake decoder from: [[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.pHp?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSPH01/Decoder/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSNPK01/Decoder/]]
377 +Download Datacake decoder from: [[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/sh/pj7cgmgqg3gx3ta/AABYFbg1DVOOR9Hmr1mLSBkga?dl=0>>url:https://www.dropbox.com/sh/pj7cgmgqg3gx3ta/AABYFbg1DVOOR9Hmr1mLSBkga?dl=0]]
409 409  )))
410 410  
411 411  
... ... @@ -426,8 +426,10 @@
426 426  
427 427  == 2.6 Installation and Maintain ==
428 428  
398 +
429 429  === 2.6.1 Before measurement ===
430 430  
401 +
431 431  (((
432 432  (((
433 433  If the LSPH01 has more than 7 days not use or just clean the pH probe. User should put the probe inside pure water for more than 24 hours for activation. If no put in water, user need to put inside soil for more than 24 hours to ensure the measurement accuracy. 
... ... @@ -445,6 +445,8 @@
445 445  
446 446  (((
447 447  [[image:1654592946732-634.png]]
419 +
420 +
448 448  )))
449 449  
450 450  (((
... ... @@ -456,7 +456,7 @@
456 456  )))
457 457  
458 458  (((
459 -Slowly insert the probe to the measure point. Dont use large force which will break the probe. Make sure not shake when inserting.
432 +Slowly insert the probe to the measure point. Don't use large force which will break the probe. Make sure not shake when inserting.
460 460  )))
461 461  
462 462  (((
... ... @@ -483,6 +483,7 @@
483 483  
484 484  === 2.6.3 Maintain Probe ===
485 485  
459 +
486 486  1. (((
487 487  pH probe electrode is fragile and no strong. User must avoid strong force or hitting it.
488 488  )))
... ... @@ -507,6 +507,7 @@
507 507  
508 508  == 2.7 Calibration ==
509 509  
484 +
510 510  (((
511 511  User can do calibration for the probe. It is limited to use below pH buffer solution to calibrate: 4.00, 6.86, 9.18. When calibration, user need to clean the electrode and put the probe in the pH buffer solution to wait the value stable ( a new clean electrode might need max 24 hours to be stable).
512 512  )))
... ... @@ -521,11 +521,9 @@
521 521  (% style="color:#037691" %)**Calibration Payload**
522 522  
523 523  (% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:510px" %)
524 -|(((
525 -**Size**
526 -
527 -**(bytes)**
528 -)))|**1**|**1**|**1**|**7**|**1**
499 +|=(% style="width: 62.5px;" %)(((
500 +**Size (bytes)**
501 +)))|=(% style="width: 89px;" %)**1**|=(% style="width: 89px;" %)**1**|=(% style="width: 89px;" %)**1**|=(% style="width: 89px;" %)**7**|=(% style="width: 89px;" %)**1**
529 529  |**Value**|(((
530 530  PH4
531 531  
... ... @@ -535,7 +535,7 @@
535 535  
536 536  Calibrate value
537 537  )))|Reserve|(((
538 -[[Message Type>>path:#H2.3.6MessageType]]
511 +[[Message Type>>||anchor="H2.3.6MessageType"]]
539 539  
540 540  Always 0x03
541 541  )))
... ... @@ -549,47 +549,79 @@
549 549  * Reply to non-confirmed packet: 14 00
550 550  
551 551  
552 -
553 553  == 2.8 Frequency Plans ==
554 554  
527 +
555 555  (((
556 556  The LSPH01 uses OTAA mode and below frequency plans by default. If user want to use it with different frequency plan, please refer the AT command sets.
557 557  )))
558 558  
559 559  
533 +
560 560  === 2.8.1 EU863-870 (EU868) ===
561 561  
536 +
537 +(((
562 562  (% style="color:blue" %)**Uplink:**
539 +)))
563 563  
541 +(((
564 564  868.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
543 +)))
565 565  
545 +(((
566 566  868.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 and SF7BW250
547 +)))
567 567  
549 +(((
568 568  868.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
551 +)))
569 569  
553 +(((
570 570  867.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
555 +)))
571 571  
557 +(((
572 572  867.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
559 +)))
573 573  
561 +(((
574 574  867.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
563 +)))
575 575  
565 +(((
576 576  867.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
567 +)))
577 577  
569 +(((
578 578  867.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
571 +)))
579 579  
573 +(((
580 580  868.8 - FSK
575 +)))
581 581  
577 +(((
578 +
579 +)))
582 582  
581 +(((
583 583  (% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink:**
583 +)))
584 584  
585 +(((
585 585  Uplink channels 1-9 (RX1)
587 +)))
586 586  
589 +(((
587 587  869.525 - SF9BW125 (RX2 downlink only)
591 +)))
588 588  
589 589  
590 590  
591 591  === 2.8.2 US902-928(US915) ===
592 592  
597 +
593 593  (((
594 594  Used in USA, Canada and South America. Frequency band as per definition in LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Regional document.
595 595  )))
... ... @@ -603,58 +603,102 @@
603 603  )))
604 604  
605 605  * Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and switch to that sub-band
606 -* Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesnt include sub-band info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
611 +* Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn't include sub-band info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
607 607  
608 608  
609 609  
610 -
611 611  === 2.8.3 CN470-510 (CN470) ===
612 612  
617 +
618 +(((
613 613  Used in China, Default use CHE=1
620 +)))
614 614  
622 +(((
615 615  (% style="color:blue" %)**Uplink:**
624 +)))
616 616  
626 +(((
617 617  486.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
628 +)))
618 618  
630 +(((
619 619  486.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
632 +)))
620 620  
634 +(((
621 621  486.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
636 +)))
622 622  
638 +(((
623 623  486.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
640 +)))
624 624  
642 +(((
625 625  487.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
644 +)))
626 626  
646 +(((
627 627  487.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
648 +)))
628 628  
650 +(((
629 629  487.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
652 +)))
630 630  
654 +(((
631 631  487.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
656 +)))
632 632  
658 +(((
659 +
660 +)))
633 633  
662 +(((
634 634  (% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink:**
664 +)))
635 635  
666 +(((
636 636  506.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
668 +)))
637 637  
670 +(((
638 638  506.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
672 +)))
639 639  
674 +(((
640 640  507.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
676 +)))
641 641  
678 +(((
642 642  507.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
680 +)))
643 643  
682 +(((
644 644  507.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
684 +)))
645 645  
686 +(((
646 646  507.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
688 +)))
647 647  
690 +(((
648 648  507.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
692 +)))
649 649  
694 +(((
650 650  508.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
696 +)))
651 651  
698 +(((
652 652  505.3 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only)
700 +)))
653 653  
654 654  
655 655  
656 656  === 2.8.4 AU915-928(AU915) ===
657 657  
706 +
658 658  (((
659 659  Frequency band as per definition in LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Regional document.
660 660  )))
... ... @@ -672,118 +672,232 @@
672 672  )))
673 673  
674 674  * Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and switch to that sub-band
675 -* Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesnt include sub-band info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
724 +* Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn't include sub-band info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
676 676  
677 677  
727 +
678 678  === 2.8.5 AS920-923 & AS923-925 (AS923) ===
679 679  
730 +
731 +(((
680 680  (% style="color:blue" %)**Default Uplink channel:**
733 +)))
681 681  
735 +(((
682 682  923.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
737 +)))
683 683  
739 +(((
684 684  923.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
741 +)))
685 685  
743 +(((
744 +
745 +)))
686 686  
747 +(((
687 687  (% style="color:blue" %)**Additional Uplink Channel**:
749 +)))
688 688  
751 +(((
689 689  (OTAA mode, channel added by JoinAccept message)
753 +)))
690 690  
755 +(((
756 +
757 +)))
691 691  
759 +(((
692 692  (% style="color:blue" %)**AS920~~AS923 for Japan, Malaysia, Singapore**:
761 +)))
693 693  
763 +(((
694 694  922.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
765 +)))
695 695  
767 +(((
696 696  922.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
769 +)))
697 697  
771 +(((
698 698  922.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
773 +)))
699 699  
775 +(((
700 700  922.8 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
777 +)))
701 701  
779 +(((
702 702  923.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
781 +)))
703 703  
783 +(((
704 704  922.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
785 +)))
705 705  
787 +(((
788 +
789 +)))
706 706  
791 +(((
707 707  (% style="color:blue" %)**AS923 ~~ AS925 for Brunei, Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Laos, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam**:
793 +)))
708 708  
795 +(((
709 709  923.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
797 +)))
710 710  
799 +(((
711 711  923.8 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
801 +)))
712 712  
803 +(((
713 713  924.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
805 +)))
714 714  
807 +(((
715 715  924.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
809 +)))
716 716  
811 +(((
717 717  924.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
813 +)))
718 718  
815 +(((
719 719  924.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
817 +)))
720 720  
819 +(((
820 +
821 +)))
721 721  
823 +(((
722 722  (% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink:**
825 +)))
723 723  
827 +(((
724 724  Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
829 +)))
725 725  
831 +(((
726 726  923.2 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
833 +)))
727 727  
728 728  
729 729  
730 730  === 2.8.6 KR920-923 (KR920) ===
731 731  
839 +
840 +(((
732 732  (% style="color:blue" %)**Default channel:**
842 +)))
733 733  
844 +(((
734 734  922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
846 +)))
735 735  
848 +(((
736 736  922.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
850 +)))
737 737  
852 +(((
738 738  922.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
854 +)))
739 739  
856 +(((
857 +
858 +)))
740 740  
860 +(((
741 741  (% style="color:blue" %)**Uplink: (OTAA mode, channel added by JoinAccept message)**
862 +)))
742 742  
864 +(((
743 743  922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
866 +)))
744 744  
868 +(((
745 745  922.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
870 +)))
746 746  
872 +(((
747 747  922.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
874 +)))
748 748  
876 +(((
749 749  922.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
878 +)))
750 750  
880 +(((
751 751  922.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
882 +)))
752 752  
884 +(((
753 753  923.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
886 +)))
754 754  
888 +(((
755 755  923.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
890 +)))
756 756  
892 +(((
893 +
894 +)))
757 757  
896 +(((
758 758  (% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink:**
898 +)))
759 759  
900 +(((
760 760  Uplink channels 1-7(RX1)
902 +)))
761 761  
904 +(((
762 762  921.9 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only; SF12BW125 might be changed to SF9BW125)
906 +)))
763 763  
764 764  
765 765  
766 766  === 2.8.7 IN865-867 (IN865) ===
767 767  
912 +
913 +(((
768 768  (% style="color:blue" %)**Uplink:**
915 +)))
769 769  
917 +(((
770 770  865.0625 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
919 +)))
771 771  
921 +(((
772 772  865.4025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
923 +)))
773 773  
925 +(((
774 774  865.9850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
927 +)))
775 775  
929 +(((
930 +
931 +)))
776 776  
933 +(((
777 777  (% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink:**
935 +)))
778 778  
937 +(((
779 779  Uplink channels 1-3 (RX1)
939 +)))
780 780  
941 +(((
781 781  866.550 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
943 +)))
782 782  
783 783  
784 784  
785 785  == 2.9 LED Indicator ==
786 786  
949 +
787 787  The LSPH01 has an internal LED which is to show the status of different state.
788 788  
789 789  * The sensor is detected when the device is turned on, and it will flash 4 times quickly when it is detected.
... ... @@ -790,14 +790,13 @@
790 790  * Blink once when device transmit a packet.
791 791  
792 792  
956 +
793 793  == 2.10 ​Firmware Change Log ==
794 794  
795 795  
796 -**Firmware download link:**
960 +**Firmware download link: **[[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/sh/xtm5tw37mewaw99/AAD0uy06odmreQQ7vMzZYVIGa?dl=0>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/xtm5tw37mewaw99/AAD0uy06odmreQQ7vMzZYVIGa?dl=0]]
797 797  
798 -[[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.pHp?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSPH01/Firmware/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/Firmware/]]
799 799  
800 -
801 801  **Firmware Upgrade Method: **[[Firmware Upgrade Instruction>>path:/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Firmware%20Upgrade%20Instruction%20for%20STM32%20base%20products/]]
802 802  
803 803  
... ... @@ -804,31 +804,58 @@
804 804  
805 805  = 3. Configure LSPH01 via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink =
806 806  
969 +
970 +(((
807 807  Use can configure LSPH01 via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink.
972 +)))
808 808  
809 -* AT Command Connection: See [[FAQ>>path:#H6.FAQ]].
810 -* LoRaWAN Downlink instruction for different platforms: [[IoT LoRaWAN Server>>path:/xwiki/bin/view/Main/]]
974 +* (((
975 +AT Command Connection: See [[FAQ>>||anchor="H6.FAQ"]].
976 +)))
977 +* (((
978 +LoRaWAN Downlink instruction for different platforms: [[IoT LoRaWAN Server>>path:/xwiki/bin/view/Main/]]
979 +)))
811 811  
981 +(((
812 812  There are two kinds of commands to configure LSPH01, they are:
983 +)))
813 813  
814 -* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** General Commands**.
985 +* (((
986 +(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** General Commands**.
987 +)))
815 815  
989 +(((
816 816  These commands are to configure:
991 +)))
817 817  
818 -* General system settings like: uplink interval.
819 -* LoRaWAN protocol & radio related command.
993 +* (((
994 +General system settings like: uplink interval.
995 +)))
996 +* (((
997 +LoRaWAN protocol & radio related command.
998 +)))
820 820  
821 -They are same for all Dragino Device which support DLWS-005 LoRaWAN Stack. These commands can be found on the wiki:[[End Device AT Commands and Downlink Command>>path:/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/]]
1000 +(((
1001 +They are same for all Dragino Device which support DLWS-005 LoRaWAN Stack. These commands can be found on the wiki: [[End Device AT Commands and Downlink Command>>path:/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/]]
1002 +)))
822 822  
1004 +(((
1005 +
1006 +)))
823 823  
824 -* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** Commands special design for LSPH01**
1008 +* (((
1009 +(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** Commands special design for LSPH01**
1010 +)))
825 825  
1012 +(((
826 826  These commands only valid for LSPH01, as below:
1014 +)))
827 827  
828 828  
829 829  
830 830  == 3.1 Set Transmit Interval Time ==
831 831  
1020 +
832 832  Feature: Change LoRaWAN End Node Transmit Interval.
833 833  
834 834  (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command: AT+TDC**
... ... @@ -836,44 +836,74 @@
836 836  [[image:image-20220607171554-8.png]]
837 837  
838 838  
839 -
1028 +(((
840 840  (% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command: 0x01**
1030 +)))
841 841  
1032 +(((
842 842  Format: Command Code (0x01) followed by 3 bytes time value.
1034 +)))
843 843  
1036 +(((
844 844  If the downlink payload=0100003C, it means set the END Node’s Transmit Interval to 0x00003C=60(S), while type code is 01.
1038 +)))
845 845  
846 -* Example 1: Downlink Payload: 0100001E ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 30 seconds
847 -* Example 2: Downlink Payload: 0100003C ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 60 seconds
1040 +* (((
1041 +Example 1: Downlink Payload: 0100001E ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 30 seconds
1042 +)))
1043 +* (((
1044 +Example 2: Downlink Payload: 0100003C ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 60 seconds
848 848  
849 849  
850 850  
1048 +
1049 +)))
1050 +
851 851  == 3.2 Set Interrupt Mode ==
852 852  
1053 +
853 853  Feature, Set Interrupt mode for GPIO_EXIT.
854 854  
855 855  (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command: AT+INTMOD**
856 856  
857 -[[image:image-20220607171716-9.png]]
1058 +[[image:image-20220610105907-1.png]]
858 858  
859 859  
1061 +(((
860 860  (% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command: 0x06**
1063 +)))
861 861  
1065 +(((
862 862  Format: Command Code (0x06) followed by 3 bytes.
1067 +)))
863 863  
1069 +(((
864 864  This means that the interrupt mode of the end node is set to 0x000003=3 (rising edge trigger), and the type code is 06.
1071 +)))
865 865  
866 -* Example 1: Downlink Payload: 06000000 ~/~/ Turn off interrupt mode
867 -* Example 2: Downlink Payload: 06000003 ~/~/ Set the interrupt mode to rising edge trigger
1073 +* (((
1074 +Example 1: Downlink Payload: 06000000 ~/~/ Turn off interrupt mode
1075 +)))
1076 +* (((
1077 +Example 2: Downlink Payload: 06000003 ~/~/ Set the interrupt mode to rising edge trigger
1078 +)))
868 868  
1080 +(((
1081 +
1082 +)))
1083 +
1084 +
1085 +
869 869  == 3.3 Calibrate Sensor ==
870 870  
871 -Detail See [[Calibration Guide>>path:#H2.7Calibration]] for the user of 0x13 and 0x14 downlink commands
872 872  
1089 +Detail See [[Calibration Guide>>||anchor="H2.7Calibration"]] for the user of 0x13 and 0x14 downlink commands
873 873  
874 874  
1092 +
875 875  == 3.4 Get Firmware Version Info ==
876 876  
1095 +
877 877  Feature: use downlink to get firmware version.
878 878  
879 879  (% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command: 0x26**
... ... @@ -900,14 +900,14 @@
900 900  
901 901  Version
902 902  )))|Sensor Type|Reserve|(((
903 -[[Message Type>>path:#H2.3.6MessageType]]
1122 +[[Message Type>>||anchor="H2.3.6MessageType"]]
904 904  Always 0x02
905 905  )))
906 906  
907 -**Software Type**: Always 0x03 for LSPH01
1126 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Software Type**(%%): Always 0x03 for LSPH01
908 908  
909 909  
910 -**Frequency Band**:
1129 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Frequency Band**:
911 911  
912 912  *0x01: EU868
913 913  
... ... @@ -930,13 +930,13 @@
930 930  *0xa0: AS923-3
931 931  
932 932  
933 -**Sub-Band**: value 0x00 ~~ 0x08
1152 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Sub-Band**(%%): value 0x00 ~~ 0x08
934 934  
935 935  
936 -**Firmware Version**: 0x0100, Means: v1.0.0 version
1155 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Firmware Version**(%%): 0x0100, Means: v1.0.0 version
937 937  
938 938  
939 -**Sensor Type**:
1158 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Sensor Type**:
940 940  
941 941  0x01: LSE01
942 942  
... ... @@ -956,14 +956,18 @@
956 956  
957 957  = 4. Battery & How to replace =
958 958  
1178 +
959 959  == 4.1 Battery Type ==
960 960  
1181 +
961 961  (((
962 962  LSPH01 is equipped with a [[8500mAH ER26500 Li-SOCI2 battery>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/ER26500/]]. The battery is un-rechargeable battery with low discharge rate targeting for 8~~10 years use. This type of battery is commonly used in IoT target for long-term running, such as water meter.
963 963  )))
964 964  
965 965  (((
966 -The discharge curve is not linear so can’t simply use percentage to show the battery level. Below is the battery performance.
1187 +The discharge curve is not linear so can't simply use percentage to show the battery level. Below is the battery performance.
1188 +
1189 +
967 967  )))
968 968  
969 969  [[image:1654593587246-335.png]]
... ... @@ -977,6 +977,7 @@
977 977  
978 978  == 4.2 Replace Battery ==
979 979  
1203 +
980 980  (((
981 981  Any battery with range 2.45 ~~ 3.6v can be a replacement. We recommend to use Li-SOCl2 Battery.
982 982  )))
... ... @@ -989,6 +989,7 @@
989 989  
990 990  == 4.3 Power Consumption Analyze ==
991 991  
1216 +
992 992  (((
993 993  Dragino Battery powered product are all runs in Low Power mode. We have an update battery calculator which base on the measurement of the real device. User can use this calculator to check the battery life and calculate the battery life if want to use different transmit interval.
994 994  )))
... ... @@ -998,12 +998,12 @@
998 998  )))
999 999  
1000 1000  
1001 -**Step 1**: Downlink the up-to-date DRAGINO_Battery_Life_Prediction_Table.xlsx from:
1226 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Step 1**(%%): Downlink the up-to-date DRAGINO_Battery_Life_Prediction_Table.xlsx from:
1002 1002  
1003 1003  [[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.pHp?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Battery_Analyze/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Battery_Analyze/]]
1004 1004  
1005 1005  
1006 -**Step 2**: Open it and choose
1231 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Step 2**(%%): Open it and choose
1007 1007  
1008 1008  * Product Model
1009 1009  * Uplink Interval
... ... @@ -1017,13 +1017,13 @@
1017 1017  The battery related documents as below:
1018 1018  
1019 1019  * (((
1020 -[[Battery Dimension>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/&file=LSN50-Battery-Dimension.pdf]],
1245 +[[Battery Dimension>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]],
1021 1021  )))
1022 1022  * (((
1023 1023  [[Lithium-Thionyl Chloride Battery  datasheet>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/ER26500/ER26500_Datasheet-EN.pdf]],
1024 1024  )))
1025 1025  * (((
1026 -[[Lithium-ion Battery-Capacitor datasheet>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/SPC_1520_datasheet.jpg]], [[Tech Spec>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/SPC1520%20Technical%20Specification20171123.pdf]]
1251 +[[Lithium-ion Battery-Capacitor datasheet>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]], [[Tech Spec>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]]
1027 1027  )))
1028 1028  
1029 1029  [[image:image-20220607172042-11.png]]
... ... @@ -1032,6 +1032,7 @@
1032 1032  
1033 1033  === 4.3.1 ​Battery Note ===
1034 1034  
1260 +
1035 1035  (((
1036 1036  The Li-SICO battery is designed for small current / long period application. It is not good to use a high current, short period transmit method. The recommended minimum period for use of this battery is 5 minutes. If you use a shorter period time to transmit LoRa, then the battery life may be decreased.
1037 1037  )))
... ... @@ -1040,20 +1040,29 @@
1040 1040  
1041 1041  === ​4.3.2 Replace the battery ===
1042 1042  
1043 -You can change the battery in the LSPH01.The type of battery is not limited as long as the output is between 3v to 3.6v. On the main board, there is a diode (D1) between the battery and the main circuit. If you need to use a battery with less than 3.3v, please remove the D1 and shortcut the two pads of it so there won’t be voltage drop between battery and main board.
1044 1044  
1045 -The default battery pack of LSPH01 includes a ER26500 plus super capacitor. If user can’t find this pack locally, they can find ER26500 or equivalence, which will also work in most case. The SPC can enlarge the battery life for high frequency use (update period below 5 minutes)
1270 +(((
1271 +You can change the battery in the LSPH01.The type of battery is not limited as long as the output is between 3v to 3.6v. On the main board, there is a diode (D1) between the battery and the main circuit. If you need to use a battery with less than 3.3v, please remove the D1 and shortcut the two pads of it so there won't be voltage drop between battery and main board.
1272 +)))
1046 1046  
1274 +(((
1275 +The default battery pack of LSPH01 includes a ER26500 plus super capacitor. If user can't find this pack locally, they can find ER26500 or equivalence, which will also work in most case. The SPC can enlarge the battery life for high frequency use (update period below 5 minutes)
1276 +)))
1047 1047  
1048 1048  
1279 +
1049 1049  = 5. Use AT Command =
1050 1050  
1282 +
1051 1051  == 5.1 Access AT Commands ==
1052 1052  
1285 +
1053 1053  LSPH01 supports AT Command set in the stock firmware. You can use a USB to TTL adapter to connect to LSPH01 for using AT command, as below.
1054 1054  
1288 +
1055 1055  [[image:1654593668970-604.png]]
1056 1056  
1291 +
1057 1057  **Connection:**
1058 1058  
1059 1059  (% style="background-color:yellow" %)** USB TTL GND <~-~-~-~-> GND**
... ... @@ -1063,20 +1063,23 @@
1063 1063  (% style="background-color:yellow" %)** USB TTL RXD  <~-~-~-~-> UART_TXD**
1064 1064  
1065 1065  
1301 +(((
1066 1066  In the PC, you need to set the serial baud rate to (% style="color:green" %)**9600**(%%) to access the serial console for LSPH01. LSPH01 will output system info once power on as below:
1303 +)))
1067 1067  
1068 1068  
1069 1069   [[image:1654593712276-618.png]]
1070 1070  
1071 -Valid AT Command please check [[Configure Device>>path:#H3.ConfigureLSPH01viaATCommandorLoRaWANDownlink]].
1308 +Valid AT Command please check [[Configure Device>>||anchor="H3.ConfigureLSPH01viaATCommandorLoRaWANDownlink"]].
1072 1072  
1073 1073  
1074 -
1075 1075  = 6. FAQ =
1076 1076  
1313 +
1077 1077  == 6.1 How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region ==
1078 1078  
1079 -You can follow the instructions for [[how to upgrade image>>path:#H2.10200BFirmwareChangeLog]].
1316 +
1317 +You can follow the instructions for [[how to upgrade image>>||anchor="H2.10200BFirmwareChangeLog"]].
1080 1080  When downloading the images, choose the required image file for download. ​
1081 1081  
1082 1082  
... ... @@ -1083,14 +1083,17 @@
1083 1083  
1084 1084  = 7. Trouble Shooting =
1085 1085  
1086 -== 7.1 AT Commands input doesn’t work ==
1087 1087  
1088 -In the case if user can see the console output but can’t type input to the device. Please check if you already include the (% style="color:green" %)**ENTER**(%%) while sending out the command. Some serial tool doesnt send (% style="color:green" %)**ENTER**(%%) while press the send key, user need to add ENTER in their string.
1325 +== 7.1 AT Commands input doesn't work ==
1089 1089  
1090 1090  
1328 +In the case if user can see the console output but can't type input to the device. Please check if you already include the (% style="color:green" %)**ENTER**(%%) while sending out the command. Some serial tool doesn't send (% style="color:green" %)**ENTER**(%%) while press the send key, user need to add ENTER in their string.
1091 1091  
1330 +
1331 +
1092 1092  = 8. Order Info =
1093 1093  
1334 +
1094 1094  Part Number: (% style="color:blue" %)**LSPH01-XX**
1095 1095  
1096 1096  
... ... @@ -1105,6 +1105,7 @@
1105 1105  * (% style="color:red" %)**IN865**(%%):  LoRaWAN IN865 band
1106 1106  * (% style="color:red" %)**CN470**(%%): LoRaWAN CN470 band
1107 1107  
1349 +
1108 1108  = 9. ​Packing Info =
1109 1109  
1110 1110  
... ... @@ -1119,8 +1119,10 @@
1119 1119  * Package Size / pcs : cm
1120 1120  * Weight / pcs : g
1121 1121  
1364 +
1122 1122  = 10. ​Support =
1123 1123  
1367 +
1124 1124  * Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8. Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before-mentioned schedule.
1125 1125  * Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to [[support@dragino.com>>url:http://../../../../../../D:%5C%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99%5C%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A6%5CLoRa%5CLT%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%5Csupport@dragino.com]].
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