<
From version < 73.3 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/06/07 17:24
To version < 79.2 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/06/07 18:01
>
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

Summary

Details

Page properties
Content
... ... @@ -62,26 +62,29 @@
62 62  * [[10. ​Support>>path:#H10.A0200BSupport]]
63 63  
64 64  
65 -
66 -
67 -
68 -
69 -
70 -
71 -
72 72  = 1. Introduction =
73 73  
74 74  == 1.1 ​What is LoRaWAN Soil pH Sensor ==
75 75  
69 +(((
76 76  The Dragino LSPH01 is a (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**LoRaWAN Soil pH Sensor**(%%) for IoT of Agriculture. It is designed to measure the soil PH and soil temperature, so to send to the platform to analyze the soil acid or alkali level. The probe is IP68 waterproof.
71 +)))
77 77  
73 +(((
78 78  LSPH01 probe is made by Solid AgCl reference electrode and Pure metal pH sensitive electrode. It can detect soil's** (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)pH (%%)**with high accuracy and stable value. The LSPH01 probe can be buried into soil for long time use.
75 +)))
79 79  
77 +(((
80 80  The LoRa wireless technology used in LSPH01 allows device to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data-rates. It provides ultra-long range spread spectrum communication and high interference immunity whilst minimizing current consumption.
79 +)))
81 81  
81 +(((
82 82  LSPH01 is powered by (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**8500mAh Li-SOCI2 battery**(%%), it is designed for long term use up to 5 years.
83 +)))
83 83  
85 +(((
84 84  Each LSPH01 is pre-load with a set of unique keys for LoRaWAN registrations, register these keys to local LoRaWAN server and it will auto connect after power on.
87 +)))
85 85  
86 86  
87 87  [[image:1654592435432-887.png]]
... ... @@ -104,9 +104,6 @@
104 104  * IP68 rate for the Sensor Probe
105 105  * 8500mAh Battery for long term use
106 106  
107 -
108 -
109 -
110 110  == 1.3 Probe Specification ==
111 111  
112 112  
... ... @@ -127,9 +127,6 @@
127 127  * IP68 Protection
128 128  * Length: 3.5 meters
129 129  
130 -
131 -
132 -
133 133  == 1.4 ​Applications ==
134 134  
135 135  * Smart Agriculture
... ... @@ -212,7 +212,9 @@
212 212  [[image:image-20220607170442-2.png]]
213 213  
214 214  
212 +(((
215 215  (% style="color:blue" %)**Step 3**(%%)**:** The LSPH01 will auto join to the TTN network. After join success, it will start to upload messages to TTN and you can see the messages in the panel.
214 +)))
216 216  
217 217  [[image:1654592697690-910.png]]
218 218  
... ... @@ -220,11 +220,17 @@
220 220  
221 221  == 2.3 ​Uplink Payload ==
222 222  
222 +(((
223 223  LSPH01 will uplink payload via LoRaWAN with below payload format: 
224 +)))
224 224  
226 +(((
225 225  Uplink payload includes in total 11 bytes.
228 +)))
226 226  
230 +(((
227 227  Normal uplink payload:
232 +)))
228 228  
229 229  (% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; width:510px" %)
230 230  |(((
... ... @@ -308,18 +308,21 @@
308 308  
309 309  === 2.3.6 Message Type ===
310 310  
316 +(((
311 311  For a normal uplink payload, the message type is always 0x01.
318 +)))
312 312  
320 +(((
313 313  Valid Message Type:
322 +)))
314 314  
315 315  
316 316  (% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; width:510px" %)
317 -|**Message Type Code**|**Description**|**Payload**
326 +|=**Message Type Code**|=**Description**|=**Payload**
318 318  |0x01|Normal Uplink|[[Normal Uplink Payload>>path:#H2.3200BUplinkPayload]]
319 319  |0x02|Reply configures info|[[Configure Info Payload>>path:#H3.4GetFirmwareVersionInfo]]
320 320  |0x03|Reply Calibration Info|[[Calibration Payload>>path:#H2.7Calibration]]
321 321  
322 -
323 323  === 2.3.7 Decode payload in The Things Network ===
324 324  
325 325  While using TTN network, you can add the payload format to decode the payload.
... ... @@ -345,12 +345,21 @@
345 345  
346 346  == 2.5 ​Show Data in DataCake IoT Server ==
347 347  
356 +(((
348 348  [[DATACAKE>>url:https://datacake.co/]] provides a human friendly interface to show the sensor data, once we have data in TTN, we can use [[DATACAKE>>url:https://datacake.co/]] to connect to TTN and see the data in DATACAKE. Below are the steps:
358 +)))
349 349  
360 +(((
361 +
362 +)))
350 350  
364 +(((
351 351  (% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1**(%%)**: Be sure that your device is programmed and properly connected to the network at this time.**
366 +)))
352 352  
368 +(((
353 353  (% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2**(%%)**: To configure the Application to forward data to DATACAKE you will need to add integration. To add the DATACAKE integration, perform the following steps:**
370 +)))
354 354  
355 355  
356 356  [[image:1654592790040-760.png]]
... ... @@ -373,9 +373,13 @@
373 373  [[image:1654592856403-259.png]]
374 374  
375 375  
393 +(((
376 376  (% style="color:blue" %)**Step 5**(%%)**: add payload decode**
395 +)))
377 377  
397 +(((
378 378  Download Datacake decoder from: [[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.pHp?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSPH01/Decoder/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSNPK01/Decoder/]]
399 +)))
379 379  
380 380  
381 381  [[image:1654592878525-845.png]]
... ... @@ -398,8 +398,10 @@
398 398  === 2.6.1 Before measurement ===
399 399  
400 400  (((
422 +(((
401 401  If the LSPH01 has more than 7 days not use or just clean the pH probe. User should put the probe inside pure water for more than 24 hours for activation. If no put in water, user need to put inside soil for more than 24 hours to ensure the measurement accuracy. 
402 402  )))
425 +)))
403 403  
404 404  
405 405  
... ... @@ -406,24 +406,45 @@
406 406  === 2.6.2 Measurement ===
407 407  
408 408  
432 +(((
409 409  (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Measurement the soil surface:**
434 +)))
410 410  
436 +(((
411 411  [[image:1654592946732-634.png]]
438 +)))
412 412  
440 +(((
413 413  Choose the proper measuring position. Split the surface soil according to the measured deep.
442 +)))
414 414  
444 +(((
415 415  Put pure water, or rainwater to make the soil of measurement point to moist mud. Remove rocks or hard things.
446 +)))
416 416  
448 +(((
417 417  Slowly insert the probe to the measure point. Don’t use large force which will break the probe. Make sure not shake when inserting.
450 +)))
418 418  
452 +(((
419 419  Put soil over the probe after insert. And start to measure.
454 +)))
420 420  
456 +(((
457 +
458 +)))
421 421  
460 +(((
422 422  (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Measurement inside soil:**
462 +)))
423 423  
464 +(((
424 424  Dig a hole with diameter > 20CM.
466 +)))
425 425  
468 +(((
426 426  Insert the probe inside, method like measure the surface.
470 +)))
427 427  
428 428  
429 429  
... ... @@ -453,9 +453,13 @@
453 453  
454 454  == 2.7 Calibration ==
455 455  
500 +(((
456 456  User can do calibration for the probe. It is limited to use below pH buffer solution to calibrate: 4.00, 6.86, 9.18. When calibration, user need to clean the electrode and put the probe in the pH buffer solution to wait the value stable ( a new clean electrode might need max 24 hours to be stable).
502 +)))
457 457  
504 +(((
458 458  After stable, user can use below command to calibrate.
506 +)))
459 459  
460 460  [[image:image-20220607171149-4.png]]
461 461  
... ... @@ -462,7 +462,7 @@
462 462  
463 463  (% style="color:#037691" %)**Calibration Payload**
464 464  
465 -(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; width:510px" %)
513 +(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:510px" %)
466 466  |(((
467 467  **Size**
468 468  
... ... @@ -490,7 +490,6 @@
490 490  * Reply to the confirmation package: 14 01
491 491  * Reply to non-confirmed packet: 14 00
492 492  
493 -
494 494  == 2.8 Frequency Plans ==
495 495  
496 496  (((
... ... @@ -500,32 +500,61 @@
500 500  
501 501  === 2.8.1 EU863-870 (EU868) ===
502 502  
550 +(((
503 503  (% style="color:blue" %)**Uplink:**
552 +)))
504 504  
554 +(((
505 505  868.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
556 +)))
506 506  
558 +(((
507 507  868.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 and SF7BW250
560 +)))
508 508  
562 +(((
509 509  868.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
564 +)))
510 510  
566 +(((
511 511  867.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
568 +)))
512 512  
570 +(((
513 513  867.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
572 +)))
514 514  
574 +(((
515 515  867.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
576 +)))
516 516  
578 +(((
517 517  867.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
580 +)))
518 518  
582 +(((
519 519  867.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
584 +)))
520 520  
586 +(((
521 521  868.8 - FSK
588 +)))
522 522  
590 +(((
591 +
592 +)))
523 523  
594 +(((
524 524  (% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink:**
596 +)))
525 525  
598 +(((
526 526  Uplink channels 1-9 (RX1)
600 +)))
527 527  
602 +(((
528 528  869.525 - SF9BW125 (RX2 downlink only)
604 +)))
529 529  
530 530  
531 531  
... ... @@ -548,48 +548,92 @@
548 548  
549 549  
550 550  
627 +
551 551  === 2.8.3 CN470-510 (CN470) ===
552 552  
630 +(((
553 553  Used in China, Default use CHE=1
632 +)))
554 554  
634 +(((
555 555  (% style="color:blue" %)**Uplink:**
636 +)))
556 556  
638 +(((
557 557  486.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
640 +)))
558 558  
642 +(((
559 559  486.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
644 +)))
560 560  
646 +(((
561 561  486.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
648 +)))
562 562  
650 +(((
563 563  486.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
652 +)))
564 564  
654 +(((
565 565  487.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
656 +)))
566 566  
658 +(((
567 567  487.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
660 +)))
568 568  
662 +(((
569 569  487.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
664 +)))
570 570  
666 +(((
571 571  487.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
668 +)))
572 572  
670 +(((
671 +
672 +)))
573 573  
674 +(((
574 574  (% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink:**
676 +)))
575 575  
678 +(((
576 576  506.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
680 +)))
577 577  
682 +(((
578 578  506.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
684 +)))
579 579  
686 +(((
580 580  507.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
688 +)))
581 581  
690 +(((
582 582  507.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
692 +)))
583 583  
694 +(((
584 584  507.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
696 +)))
585 585  
698 +(((
586 586  507.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
700 +)))
587 587  
702 +(((
588 588  507.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
704 +)))
589 589  
706 +(((
590 590  508.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
708 +)))
591 591  
710 +(((
592 592  505.3 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only)
712 +)))
593 593  
594 594  
595 595  
... ... @@ -614,112 +614,219 @@
614 614  * Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and switch to that sub-band
615 615  * Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn’t include sub-band info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
616 616  
617 -
618 -
619 619  === 2.8.5 AS920-923 & AS923-925 (AS923) ===
620 620  
739 +(((
621 621  (% style="color:blue" %)**Default Uplink channel:**
741 +)))
622 622  
743 +(((
623 623  923.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
745 +)))
624 624  
747 +(((
625 625  923.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
749 +)))
626 626  
751 +(((
752 +
753 +)))
627 627  
755 +(((
628 628  (% style="color:blue" %)**Additional Uplink Channel**:
757 +)))
629 629  
759 +(((
630 630  (OTAA mode, channel added by JoinAccept message)
761 +)))
631 631  
763 +(((
764 +
765 +)))
632 632  
767 +(((
633 633  (% style="color:blue" %)**AS920~~AS923 for Japan, Malaysia, Singapore**:
769 +)))
634 634  
771 +(((
635 635  922.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
773 +)))
636 636  
775 +(((
637 637  922.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
777 +)))
638 638  
779 +(((
639 639  922.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
781 +)))
640 640  
783 +(((
641 641  922.8 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
785 +)))
642 642  
787 +(((
643 643  923.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
789 +)))
644 644  
791 +(((
645 645  922.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
793 +)))
646 646  
795 +(((
796 +
797 +)))
647 647  
799 +(((
648 648  (% style="color:blue" %)**AS923 ~~ AS925 for Brunei, Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Laos, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam**:
801 +)))
649 649  
803 +(((
650 650  923.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
805 +)))
651 651  
807 +(((
652 652  923.8 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
809 +)))
653 653  
811 +(((
654 654  924.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
813 +)))
655 655  
815 +(((
656 656  924.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
817 +)))
657 657  
819 +(((
658 658  924.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
821 +)))
659 659  
823 +(((
660 660  924.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
825 +)))
661 661  
827 +(((
828 +
829 +)))
662 662  
831 +(((
663 663  (% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink:**
833 +)))
664 664  
835 +(((
665 665  Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
837 +)))
666 666  
839 +(((
667 667  923.2 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
841 +)))
668 668  
669 669  
670 670  
671 671  === 2.8.6 KR920-923 (KR920) ===
672 672  
847 +(((
673 673  (% style="color:blue" %)**Default channel:**
849 +)))
674 674  
851 +(((
675 675  922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
853 +)))
676 676  
855 +(((
677 677  922.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
857 +)))
678 678  
859 +(((
679 679  922.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
861 +)))
680 680  
863 +(((
864 +
865 +)))
681 681  
867 +(((
682 682  (% style="color:blue" %)**Uplink: (OTAA mode, channel added by JoinAccept message)**
869 +)))
683 683  
871 +(((
684 684  922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
873 +)))
685 685  
875 +(((
686 686  922.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
877 +)))
687 687  
879 +(((
688 688  922.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
881 +)))
689 689  
883 +(((
690 690  922.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
885 +)))
691 691  
887 +(((
692 692  922.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
889 +)))
693 693  
891 +(((
694 694  923.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
893 +)))
695 695  
895 +(((
696 696  923.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
897 +)))
697 697  
899 +(((
900 +
901 +)))
698 698  
903 +(((
699 699  (% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink:**
905 +)))
700 700  
907 +(((
701 701  Uplink channels 1-7(RX1)
909 +)))
702 702  
911 +(((
703 703  921.9 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only; SF12BW125 might be changed to SF9BW125)
913 +)))
704 704  
705 705  
706 706  
707 707  === 2.8.7 IN865-867 (IN865) ===
708 708  
919 +(((
709 709  (% style="color:blue" %)**Uplink:**
921 +)))
710 710  
923 +(((
711 711  865.0625 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
925 +)))
712 712  
927 +(((
713 713  865.4025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
929 +)))
714 714  
931 +(((
715 715  865.9850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
933 +)))
716 716  
935 +(((
936 +
937 +)))
717 717  
939 +(((
718 718  (% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink:**
941 +)))
719 719  
943 +(((
720 720  Uplink channels 1-3 (RX1)
945 +)))
721 721  
947 +(((
722 722  866.550 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
949 +)))
723 723  
724 724  
725 725  
... ... @@ -746,26 +746,51 @@
746 746  
747 747  = 3. Configure LSPH01 via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink =
748 748  
976 +(((
749 749  Use can configure LSPH01 via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink.
978 +)))
750 750  
751 -* AT Command Connection: See [[FAQ>>path:#H6.FAQ]].
752 -* LoRaWAN Downlink instruction for different platforms: [[IoT LoRaWAN Server>>path:/xwiki/bin/view/Main/]]
980 +* (((
981 +AT Command Connection: See [[FAQ>>path:#H6.FAQ]].
982 +)))
983 +* (((
984 +LoRaWAN Downlink instruction for different platforms: [[IoT LoRaWAN Server>>path:/xwiki/bin/view/Main/]]
985 +)))
753 753  
987 +(((
754 754  There are two kinds of commands to configure LSPH01, they are:
989 +)))
755 755  
756 -* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** General Commands**.
991 +* (((
992 +(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** General Commands**.
993 +)))
757 757  
995 +(((
758 758  These commands are to configure:
997 +)))
759 759  
760 -* General system settings like: uplink interval.
761 -* LoRaWAN protocol & radio related command.
999 +* (((
1000 +General system settings like: uplink interval.
1001 +)))
1002 +* (((
1003 +LoRaWAN protocol & radio related command.
1004 +)))
762 762  
1006 +(((
763 763  They are same for all Dragino Device which support DLWS-005 LoRaWAN Stack. These commands can be found on the wiki:[[End Device AT Commands and Downlink Command>>path:/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/]]
1008 +)))
764 764  
1010 +(((
1011 +
1012 +)))
765 765  
766 -* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** Commands special design for LSPH01**
1014 +* (((
1015 +(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** Commands special design for LSPH01**
1016 +)))
767 767  
1018 +(((
768 768  These commands only valid for LSPH01, as below:
1020 +)))
769 769  
770 770  
771 771  
... ... @@ -779,16 +779,28 @@
779 779  
780 780  
781 781  
1034 +(((
782 782  (% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command: 0x01**
1036 +)))
783 783  
1038 +(((
784 784  Format: Command Code (0x01) followed by 3 bytes time value.
1040 +)))
785 785  
1042 +(((
786 786  If the downlink payload=0100003C, it means set the END Node’s Transmit Interval to 0x00003C=60(S), while type code is 01.
1044 +)))
787 787  
788 -* Example 1: Downlink Payload: 0100001E ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 30 seconds
789 -* Example 2: Downlink Payload: 0100003C ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 60 seconds
1046 +* (((
1047 +Example 1: Downlink Payload: 0100001E ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 30 seconds
1048 +)))
1049 +* (((
1050 +Example 2: Downlink Payload: 0100003C ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 60 seconds
790 790  
791 791  
1053 +
1054 +)))
1055 +
792 792  == 3.2 Set Interrupt Mode ==
793 793  
794 794  Feature, Set Interrupt mode for GPIO_EXIT.
... ... @@ -798,17 +798,31 @@
798 798  [[image:image-20220607171716-9.png]]
799 799  
800 800  
1065 +(((
801 801  (% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command: 0x06**
1067 +)))
802 802  
1069 +(((
803 803  Format: Command Code (0x06) followed by 3 bytes.
1071 +)))
804 804  
1073 +(((
805 805  This means that the interrupt mode of the end node is set to 0x000003=3 (rising edge trigger), and the type code is 06.
1075 +)))
806 806  
807 -* Example 1: Downlink Payload: 06000000 ~/~/ Turn off interrupt mode
808 -* Example 2: Downlink Payload: 06000003 ~/~/ Set the interrupt mode to rising edge trigger
1077 +* (((
1078 +Example 1: Downlink Payload: 06000000 ~/~/ Turn off interrupt mode
1079 +)))
1080 +* (((
1081 +Example 2: Downlink Payload: 06000003 ~/~/ Set the interrupt mode to rising edge trigger
1082 +)))
809 809  
1084 +(((
1085 +
1086 +)))
810 810  
811 811  
1089 +
812 812  == 3.3 Calibrate Sensor ==
813 813  
814 814  Detail See [[Calibration Guide>>path:#H2.7Calibration]] for the user of 0x13 and 0x14 downlink commands
... ... @@ -983,9 +983,13 @@
983 983  
984 984  === ​4.3.2 Replace the battery ===
985 985  
1264 +(((
986 986  You can change the battery in the LSPH01.The type of battery is not limited as long as the output is between 3v to 3.6v. On the main board, there is a diode (D1) between the battery and the main circuit. If you need to use a battery with less than 3.3v, please remove the D1 and shortcut the two pads of it so there won’t be voltage drop between battery and main board.
1266 +)))
987 987  
1268 +(((
988 988  The default battery pack of LSPH01 includes a ER26500 plus super capacitor. If user can’t find this pack locally, they can find ER26500 or equivalence, which will also work in most case. The SPC can enlarge the battery life for high frequency use (update period below 5 minutes)
1270 +)))
989 989  
990 990  
991 991  
... ... @@ -1006,7 +1006,9 @@
1006 1006  (% style="background-color:yellow" %)** USB TTL RXD  <~-~-~-~-> UART_TXD**
1007 1007  
1008 1008  
1291 +(((
1009 1009  In the PC, you need to set the serial baud rate to (% style="color:green" %)**9600**(%%) to access the serial console for LSPH01. LSPH01 will output system info once power on as below:
1293 +)))
1010 1010  
1011 1011  
1012 1012   [[image:1654593712276-618.png]]
... ... @@ -1048,8 +1048,6 @@
1048 1048  * (% style="color:red" %)**IN865**(%%):  LoRaWAN IN865 band
1049 1049  * (% style="color:red" %)**CN470**(%%): LoRaWAN CN470 band
1050 1050  
1051 -
1052 -
1053 1053  = 9. ​Packing Info =
1054 1054  
1055 1055  
... ... @@ -1064,8 +1064,6 @@
1064 1064  * Package Size / pcs : cm
1065 1065  * Weight / pcs : g
1066 1066  
1067 -
1068 -
1069 1069  = 10. ​Support =
1070 1070  
1071 1071  * Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8. Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before-mentioned schedule.
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