LSN50 & LSN50-V2 - LoRaWAN Sensor Node User Manual

(% style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]]

20

)))

21

= 1. Introduction =

== 1.1 What is LSN50 LoRa Sensor Node ==

(((

(((

LSN50 is a Long Range LoRaWAN Sensor Node. It is designed for (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**outdoor data logging **(%%)and powered by (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Li/SOCl2 battery**(%%) for long term use and secure data transmission. It is designed to facilitate developers to quickly deploy industrial level LoRa and IoT solutions. It helps users to turn the idea into a practical application and make the Internet of Things a reality. It is easy to program, create and connect your things everywhere.

)))

(((

It is based on SX1276/SX1278 allows the user to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data-rates. It provides ultra-long range spread spectrum communication and high interference immunity whilst minimizing current consumption. It targets professional wireless sensor network applications such as irrigation systems, smart metering, smart cities, smartphone detection, building automation, and so on.

)))

(((

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LSN50**(%%) uses STM32l0x chip from ST, STML0x is the (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**ultra-low-power**(%%) STM32L072xx microcontrollers incorporate the connectivity power of the universal serial bus (USB 2.0 crystal-less) with the high-performance ARM® Cortex®-M0+ 32-bit RISC core operating at a 32 MHz frequency, a memory protection unit (MPU), high-speed embedded memories (192 Kbytes of Flash program memory, 6 Kbytes of data EEPROM and 20 Kbytes of RAM) plus an extensive range of enhanced I/Os and peripherals.

)))

(((

LSN50 is an (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**open source product**(%%), it is based on the STM32Cube HAL drivers and lots of libraries can be found in ST site for rapid development.

)))

)))

[[image:1656294562709-486.png]]

== 1.2 Specifications ==

63

64

65

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Micro Controller:**

* STM32L072CZT6 MCU

* MCU: STM32L072CZT6

* Flash: 192KB

* RAM: 20KB

* EEPROM: 6KB

* Clock Speed: 32Mhz

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Common DC Characteristics:**

75

76

* Supply Voltage: 2.1v ~~ 3.6v

77

* Operating Temperature: -40 ~~ 85°C

78

* I/O pins: Refer to STM32L072 datasheet

79

80

(% style="color:#037691" %)**LoRa Spec:**

81

82

* Frequency Range,

83

** Band 1 (HF): 862 ~~ 1020 Mhz

or

*

** Band 2 (LF): 410 ~~ 528 Mhz

89

* 168 dB maximum link budget.

90

* +20 dBm - 100 mW constant RF output vs.

91

* +14 dBm high efficiency PA.

92

* Programmable bit rate up to 300 kbps.

93

* High sensitivity: down to -148 dBm.

94

* Bullet-proof front end: IIP3 = -12.5 dBm.

95

* Excellent blocking immunity.

96

* Low RX current of 10.3 mA, 200 nA register retention.

97

* Fully integrated synthesizer with a resolution of 61 Hz .

98

* FSK, GFSK, MSK, GMSK, LoRaTM and OOK modulation.

99

* Built-in bit synchronizer for clock recovery.

100

* Preamble detection.

101

* 127 dB Dynamic Range RSSI.

102

* Automatic RF Sense and CAD with ultra-fast AFC.

103

* Packet engine up to 256 bytes with CRC.

104

* LoRaWAN 1.0.2 Specification

105

106

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Battery:**

107

108

* Li/SOCI2 un-chargeable battery

109

* Capacity: 4000mAh

110

* Self Discharge: <1% / Year @ 25°C

111

* Max continuously current: 130mA

112

* Max boost current: 2A, 1 second

113

114

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Power Consumption**

115

116

* STOP Mode: 2.7uA @ 3.3v

117

* LoRa Transmit Mode: 125mA @ 20dBm 44mA @ 14dBm

== 1.3 Features ==

* LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Class A, Class C

122

* STM32L072CZT6 MCU

123

* SX1276/78 Wireless Chip

124

* Pre-load bootloader on USART1/USART2

125

* MDK-ARM Version 5.24a IDE

126

* I2C, LPUSART1, USB, SPI2

127

* 3x12bit ADC, 1x12bit DAC

* 20xDigital I/Os

* LoRa™ Modem

* Preamble detection

* Baud rate configurable

132

* CN470/EU433/KR920/US915/IN865

133

* EU868/AS923/AU915

134

* Open-source hardware / software

135

* Available Band:433/868/915/920 Mhz

136

* IP66 Waterproof Enclosure

137

* Ultra-Low Power consumption

138

* AT Commands to change parameters

139

* 4000mAh or 8500mAh Battery for long term use。

140

141

== 1.4 Applications ==

142

143

* Smart Buildings & Home Automation

144

* Logistics and Supply Chain Management

* Smart Metering

* Smart Agriculture

* Smart Cities

* Smart Factory

== 1.5 Pin Definitions and Switch ==

151

152

(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)

153

[[image:1656295519542-152.png||height="413" width="728"]]

154

155

156

(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)

157

[[image:1656295532863-613.png||height="371" width="721"]]

158

159

160

(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)

161

[[image:image-20220627101527-1.png]]

=== 1.5.1 Jumper JP2 ===

166

167

Power on Device when put this jumper.

168

169

170

=== 1.5.2 BOOT MODE / SW1 ===

171

172

(((

173

~1. ISP: upgrade mode, device won't have any signal in this mode. but ready for upgrade firmware. LED won't work. Firmware won't run.

)))

(((

2. Flash: work mode, device starts to work and send out console output for further debug

)))

=== 1.5.3 Reset Button ===

182

183

Press to reboot the device.

=== 1.5.4 LED ===

It will flash:

1. When boot the device in flash mode

191

1. Send an uplink packet

192

193

=== 1.6 Hardware Change log ===

194

195

Note: Hardware version is marked in the PCB.

196

197

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LSN50 v2.1:**

198

199

1. Change R14 to 1M ohm

200

1. Change R3, R4 to 4.7Kohm. So no need to modify them for 3 DS18B20 connection.

201

1. Add ESD to each I/O

202

203

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LSN50 v2.0:**

204

205

* Change to a new enclosure. Improve with external antenna, IP68, ear hook.

206

207

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LSN50 v1.3**:

208

209

* Add P-MOS to control 5V output

210

211

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LSN50 v1.2**:

212

213

* Add LED. Turn on for every LoRa transmit

214

* Add pin PA4, PB13, NRST

215

* Add 5V Output, on/off control by PB5(Low to Enable, High to Disable)

216

217

== 1.7 Hole Option ==

218

219

The LSN50 provides different hole size options for different size sensor cable. The options provided are M12, M16 and M20. The definition is as below:

220

221

[[image:image-20220627104757-1.png]]

222

223

224

[[image:1656298089706-973.png]]

= 2. Use LSN50 with LoRaWAN firmware =

229

230

== 2.1 How it works ==

(((

(((

The LSN50 is pre-loaded with a firmware and is configured as LoRaWAN OTAA Class A mode by default. It has OTAA keys to join LoRaWAN network. To connect a local LoRaWAN network, you just need to input the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN IoT server and power on the LSN50. It will automatically join the network via OTAA.

)))

(((

)))

(((

The diagram below shows the working flow in default firmware (ver 1.7.0):

)))

[[image:image-20220627104855-2.png]]

247

248

249

In case you can't set the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN OTAA server, and you have to use the keys from the server, you can [[use AT Commands>>||anchor="H3.A0UsingtheATCommands"]] to set the keys in the LSN50.

)))

== 2.2 Quick guide to connect to LoRaWAN server (OTAA) ==

254

255

(((

256

Following is an example for how to join the [[TTN V3 LoRaWAN Network>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]]. Below is the network structure; we use the [[LG308>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora/item/140-lg308.html]] as a LoRaWAN gateway in this example.

257

258

(% style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]][[image:1655891470063-521.png]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)[[image:1656298385089-555.png]]

)))

(% title="Click and drag to resize" %)(%%)The LG308 is already set to connected to [[TTN V3 network >>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]], so what we need to now is configure the TTN V3 server.(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]][[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)(%%)

(((

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1**(%%): Create a device in TTN with the OTAA keys from LSN50.

269

270

Each LSN50is shipped with a sticker with the default device EUI as below:

)))

(((

)))

(% aria-label="image-20220607170145-1.jpeg image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220607170145-1.jpeg||data-widget="image"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]][[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)(%%)

(((

You can enter this key in the LoRaWAN Server portal. Below is TTN screen shot:

282

283

**Register the device：**

284

)))

285

286

(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="1654935135620-998.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:1654935135620-998.png||data-widget="image"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](%%)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% title="Click and drag to resize" %)

287

288

(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% title="Click and drag to resize" %)

289

290

291

**Add APP EUI and DEV EUI：**

292

293

294

(% aria-label="image-20220611161308-4.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220611161308-4.png||data-widget="image" height="551" width="753"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)

**Add APP EUI in the application：**

299

300

301

(% aria-label="image-20220611161308-5.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220611161308-5.png||data-widget="image" height="601" width="742"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)

**Add APP KEY**

(% aria-label="image-20220611161308-6.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220611161308-6.png||data-widget="image" height="485" width="744"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)

307

308

(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)

309

310

(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]][[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)(%%)

311

312

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2**(%%)**:** Power on LSN50

313

314

Put a Jumper on JP2 to power on the device.(% style="display:none" %)

315

316

[[image:image-20220627145643-5.png]](% style="display:none" %)

317

318

(% style="display:none" %)

319

320

321

(% style="display:none" %) (%%)

**For LSn50v2:**

[[image:1656313034748-905.png]](% style="display:none" %)

326

327

328

(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(%%)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]][[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)(%%)

(((

(((

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 3**(%%)**:** The LSN50 will auto join to the TTN V3 network. After join success, it will start to upload messages to TTN V3 and you can see the messages in the panel.

)))

)))

(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% title="Click and drag to resize" %)[[image:1656312908855-552.png]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]]

337

338

(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% title="Click and drag to resize" %)

339

340

341

== 2.3 Working Mode & Uplink Payload ==

342

343

LSN50 has different working mode for the connections of different type of sensors. This section describes these modes. Use can use the AT Command AT+MOD to set LSN50 to different working modes.

For example:

(% style="color:red" %)**AT+MOD=2**(%%) ~/~/ will set the LSN50 to work in MOD=2 distance mode which target to measure distance via Ultrasonic Sensor.

348

349

350

(% style="color:red" %)**NOTE:**

351

352

(% style="color:red" %)1. Some working modes has payload more than 12 bytes, The US915/AU915/AS923 frequency bands’ definition has maximum 11 bytes in **DR0**. Server sides will see NULL payload while LSn50 transmit in DR0 with 12 bytes payload.

353

2. All modes share the same Payload Explanation from HERE.

354

3. By default, the device will send an uplink message every 5 minutes.

=== 2.3.1 MOD~=1 (Default Mode) ===

359

360

(((

361

In this mode, uplink payload includes in total 11 bytes. Uplink packets use FPORT=2.

362

[[image:image-20220627171207-27.png]]

363

364

[[image:image-20220627150949-6.png]]

)))

=== 2.3.2 MOD~=2 (Distance Mode) ===

371

372

This mode is target to measure the distance. The payload of this mode is totally 11 bytes. The 8^^th^^ and 9^^th^^ bytes is for the distance.

373

374

[[image:image-20220627180835-31.png]]

375

376

377

[[image:1656324539647-568.png]]

(% style="color:red" %)**Connection of LIDAR-Lite V3HP:**

382

383

[[image:1656324581381-162.png]]

384

385

386

(% style="color:red" %)**Connection to Ultrasonic Sensor:**

387

388

[[image:1656324598488-204.png]]

389

390

391

For the connection to TF-Mini or TF-Luna , MOD2 payload is as below:

392

393

[[image:image-20220628083801-1.png]]

394

395

[[image:1656376779088-686.png]]

396

397

398

(% style="color:red" %)**Connection to [[TF-Mini plus>>url:http://en.benewake.com/product/detail/5c345cd0e5b3a844c472329b.html]] LiDAR(UART version):**

399

400

Need to remove R3 and R4 resistors to get low power. Since firmware v1.7.0

401

402

[[image:1656376795715-436.png]]

403

404

405

(% style="color:red" %)**Connection to [[TF-Luna>>url:http://en.benewake.com/product/detail/5e1c1fd04d839408076b6255.html]] LiDAR (UART version):**

406

407

Need to remove R3 and R4 resistors to get low power. Since firmware v1.7.0

408

409

[[image:1656376865561-355.png]]

(((

Please use firmware version > 1.6.5 when use MOD=2, in this firmware version, user can use LSn50 v1 to power the ultrasonic sensor directly and with low power consumption.

)))

=== 2.3.3 MOD~=3 (3 ADC + I2C) ===

419

420

421

This mode has total 12 bytes. Include 3 x ADC + 1x I2C

422

423

[[image:image-20220628085009-2.png]]

424

425

[[image:1656377431497-975.png]]

=== 2.3.4 MOD~=4 (3 x DS18B20) ===

430

431

432

This mode is supported in firmware version since v1.6.1. Software set to AT+MOD=4

433

434

Hardware connection is as below,

435

436

(% style="color:red" %)**(Note:**

437

438

* In hardware version v1.x and v2.0 , R3 & R4 should change from 10k to 4.7k ohm to support the other 2 x DS18B20 probes.

439

* In hardware version v2.1 no need to change R3 , R4, by default, they are 4.7k ohm already.

440

441

See [[here>>||anchor="H1.6A0HardwareChangelog"]] for hardware changelog.

442

443

(% style="color:red" %)**) **

444

445

[[image:1656377461619-156.png]]

446

447

448

This mode has total 11 bytes. As shown below:

449

450

[[image:image-20220628085248-3.png]]

451

452

[[image:1656377606181-607.png]]

=== 2.3.5 MOD~=5(Weight Measurement by HX711) ===

457

458

459

This mode is supported in firmware version since v1.6.2. Please use v1.6.5 firmware version so user no need to use extra LDO for connection.

460

461

[[image:1656378224664-860.png]]

462

463

464

Each HX711 need to be calibrated before used. User need to do below two steps:

465

466

1. Zero calibration. Don’t put anything on load cell and run **AT+WEIGRE** to calibrate to Zero gram.

467

1. Adjust calibration factor (default value 400): Put a known weight thing on load cell and run **AT+WEIGAP** to adjust the Calibration Factor.

For example:

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**AT+WEIGAP =403.0**

473

474

Response: Weight is 401 g

475

476

477

Check the response of this command and adjust the value to match the real value for thing.

478

479

480

(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:510px" %)

481

482

|(% style="width:97px" %)**Value**|(% style="width:44px" %)[[BAT>>||anchor="H2.4.1BatteryInfo"]]|(% style="width:172px" %)(((

483

[[Temperature(DS18B20)>>||anchor="H2.4.2Temperature28DS18B2029"]]

484

)))|(% style="width:51px" %)[[ADC>>||anchor="H2.4.4AnalogueDigitalConverter28ADC29"]]|(% style="width:206px" %)[[Digital in & Digital Interrupt>>||anchor="H2.4.3DigitalInput"]]|(% style="width:72px" %)Weight|(% style="width:81px" %)Reserved

485

486

[[image:1656378323863-824.png]]

=== 2.3.6 MOD~=6(Counting Mode, Since firmware v1.6.5) ===

(((

(((

In this mode, the device will work in counting mode. It counts the interrupt on the interrupt pins and sends the count on TDC time.

)))

)))

(((

(((

Connection is as below. The PIR sensor is a count sensor, it will generate interrupt when people come close or go away. User can replace the PIR sensor with other counting sensors.

)))

)))

[[image:1656378351863-572.png]]

506

507

**Note:** LoRaWAN wireless transmission will infect the PIR sensor. Which cause the counting value increase +1 for every uplink. User can change PIR sensor or put sensor away of the LSN50 to avoid this happen.

508

509

(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:510px" %)

510

511

|(% style="width:97px" %)**Value**|(% style="width:44px" %)[[BAT>>||anchor="H2.4.1BatteryInfo"]]|(% style="width:172px" %)(((

512

[[Temperature(DS18B20)>>||anchor="H2.4.2Temperature28DS18B2029"]]

513

)))|(% style="width:51px" %)[[ADC>>||anchor="H2.4.4AnalogueDigitalConverter28ADC29"]]|(% style="width:206px" %)[[Digital in>>||anchor="H2.4.3DigitalInput"]]|(% style="width:72px" %)Count

514

515

[[image:1656378441509-171.png]]

=== 2.3.7 Decode payload in The Things Network ===

520

521

While using TTN V3 network, you can add the payload format to decode the payload.

522

523

524

[[image:1656378466788-734.png]]

(((

The payload decoder function for TTN V3 are here:

)))

(((

LSN50 TTN V3 Payload Decoder: [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LSN50-LoRaST/Payload_decoder/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LSN50-LoRaST/Payload_decoder/]]

)))

(% style="display:none" %) (%%)

537

538

== 2.4 Payload Explanation and Sensor Interface ==

539

540

=== 2.4.1 Battery Info ===

541

542

Check the battery voltage for LSN50.

Ex1: 0x0B45 = 2885mV

Ex2: 0x0B49 = 2889mV

=== 2.4.2 Temperature (DS18B20) ===

551

552

If there is a DS18B20 connected to PB3 pin. The temperature will be uploaded in the payload.

553

554

More DS18B20 can check the [[3 DS18B20 mode>>||anchor="2.3.4MOD3D4283xDS18B2029"]]

555

556

557

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Connection:**

558

559

[[image:1656378573379-646.png]]

560

561

562

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Example**:

563

564

If payload is: 0105H: (0105 & FC00 == 0), temp = 0105H /10 = 26.1 degree

565

566

If payload is: FF3FH : (FF3F & FC00 == 1) , temp = (FF3FH - 65536)/10 = -19.3 degrees.

=== 2.4.3 Digital Input ===

571

572

The digital input for pin PA12,

573

574

* When PA12 is high, the bit 1 of payload byte 6 is 1.

575

* When PA12 is low, the bit 1 of payload byte 6 is 0.

576

577

=== 2.4.4 Analogue Digital Converter (ADC) ===

578

579

The ADC pins in LSN50 can measure range from 0~~3.3v, it use reference voltage from STM32. If user need to measure a voltage >3.3v, please use resistors to divide this voltage to lower than 3.3v, otherwise, it may destroy the ADC pin.

580

581

582

The ADC monitors the voltage on the PA0 line, in mV.

Ex: 0x021F = 543mv,

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** Example1:** (%%) Reading an Oil Sensor (Read a resistance value):

588

589

[[image:image-20220627172409-28.png]]

590

591

592

In the LSN50, we can use PB4 and PA0 pin to calculate the resistance for the oil sensor.

593

594

595

(% style="color:blue" %)**Steps:**

596

597

1. Solder a 10K resistor between PA0 and VCC.

598

1. Screw oil sensor's two pins to PA0 and PB4.

599

600

The equipment circuit is as below:

601

602

[[image:image-20220627172500-29.png]]

603

604

605

According to above diagram:

606

607

[[image:image-20220628091043-4.png]]

So

[[image:image-20220628091344-6.png]]

612

613

614

[[image:image-20220628091621-8.png]] is the reading of ADC. So if ADC=0x05DC=0.9 v and VCC (BAT) is 2.9v

615

616

617

The [[image:image-20220628091702-9.png]] 4.5K ohm

618

619

Since the Bouy is linear resistance from 10 ~~ 70cm.

620

621

622

The position of Bouy is [[image:image-20220628091824-10.png]] , from the bottom of Bouy.

=== 2.4.5 Digital Interrupt ===

627

628

Digital Interrupt refers to pin PB14, and there are different trigger methods. When there is a trigger, the LSN50 will send a packet to the server.

(((

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** Interrupt connection method:**

633

)))

634

635

[[image:1656379178634-321.png]]

636

637

638

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** Example to use with door sensor :**(%%)

639

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)(Requires firmware > 1.5.1)

640

641

642

The door sensor is shown at right. It is a two wire magnetic contact switch used for detecting the open/close status of doors or windows.

643

644

[[image:1656379210849-860.png]]

645

646

647

When the two pieces are close to each other, the 2 wire output will be short or open (depending on the type), while if the two pieces are away from each other, the 2 wire output will be the opposite status. So we can use LSN50 interrupt interface to detect the status for the door or window.

648

649

650

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** Below is the installation example:**

651

652

Fix one piece of the magnetic sensor to the door and connect the two pins to LSN50 as follows:

653

654

* One pin to LSN50's PB14 pin

655

* The other pin to LSN50's VCC pin

656

657

Install the other piece to the door. Find a place where the two pieces will be close to each other when the door is closed. For this particular magnetic sensor, when the door is closed, the output will be short, and PB14 will be at the VCC voltage.

658

659

660

Door sensors have two types: ** (% style="color:#4472c4" %)NC (Normal close)(%%)** and (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**NO (normal open)**(%%). The connection for both type sensors are the same. But the decoding for payload are reverse, user need to modify this in the IoT Server decoder.

661

662

When door sensor is shorted, there will extra power consumption in the circuit, the extra current is 3v3/R14 = 3v2/1Mohm = 0.3uA which can be ignored.

663

664

665

[[image:1656379283019-229.png]]

(((

The above photos shows the two parts of the magnetic switch fitted to a door.

)))

(((

The software by default uses the falling edge on the signal line as an interrupt. We need to modify it to accept both the rising edge (0v ~-~-> VCC , door close) and the falling edge (VCC ~-~-> 0v , door open) as the interrupt.

)))

The command is:

(% style="color:blue" %)**AT+INTMOD=1 **(%%)** **~/~/(more info about INMOD please refer** **[[**AT Command Manual**>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/&file=DRAGINO_LSN50_AT_Commands_v1.5.1.pdf]]**. **)

681

682

683

Below shows some screen captures in TTN V3:

684

685

686

[[image:1656379339508-835.png]]

687

688

689

In MOD=1, user can use byte 6 to see the status for door open or close. TTN V3 decoder is as below:

690

691

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)door= (bytes[6] & 0x80)? "CLOSE":"OPEN";

692

693

694

(% style="color:red" %)**Notice for hardware version LSN50 v1 < v1.3**(%%) (produced before 2018-Nov).

695

696

In this hardware version, there is no R14 resistance solder. When use the latest firmware, it should set AT+INTMOD=0 to close the interrupt. If user need to use Interrupt in this hardware version, user need to solder R14 with 10M resistor and C1 (0.1uF) on board.

697

698

[[image:1656379563303-771.png]]

=== 2.4.6 I2C Interface (SHT20) ===

703

704

The PB6(SDA) and PB7(SCK) are I2C interface lines. You can use these to connect to an I2C device and get the sensor data.

705

706

We have made an example to show how to use the I2C interface to connect to the SHT20 Temperature and Humidity Sensor. This is supported in the stock firmware since v1.5 with (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**AT+MOD=1 (default value).**

707

708

Below is the connection to SHT20.

709

710

711

[[image:1656379593307-549.png]]

712

713

714

The device will be able to get the I2C sensor data now and upload to IoT Server.

715

716

717

[[image:1656379664142-345.png]]

718

719

Convert the read byte to decimal and divide it by ten.

720

721

722

(% style="color:blue" %)**Example:**

723

724

Temperature: Read:0116(H) = 278(D) Value: 278 /10=27.8℃;

725

726

Humidity: Read:0248(H)=584(D) Value: 584 / 10=58.4, So 58.4%

727

728

729

If you want to use other I2C device, please refer the SHT20 part source code as reference.

=== 2.4.7 Distance Reading ===

734

735

Refer [[Ultrasonic Sensor section>>||anchor="H2.4.8UltrasonicSensor"]].

736

737

738

=== 2.4.8 Ultrasonic Sensor ===

739

740

(((

741

The LSN50 v1.5 firmware supports ultrasonic sensor (with AT+MOD=2) such as SEN0208 from DF-Robot. This Fundamental Principles of this sensor can be found at this link: [[https:~~/~~/wiki.dfrobot.com/Weather_-_proof_Ultrasonic_Sensor_with_Separate_Probe_SKU~~_~~__SEN0208>>url:https://wiki.dfrobot.com/Weather_-_proof_Ultrasonic_Sensor_with_Separate_Probe_SKU___SEN0208]]

)))

(((

The LSN50 detects the pulse width of the sensor and converts it to mm output. The accuracy will be within 1 centimeter. The usable range (the distance between the ultrasonic probe and the measured object) is between 24cm and 600cm.

)))

(((

The picture below shows the connection:

752

)))

753

754

[[image:1656380061365-178.png]]

Connect to the LSN50 and run (% style="color:blue" %)**AT+MOD=2**(%%) to switch to ultrasonic mode (ULT).

759

760

The ultrasonic sensor uses the 8^^th^^ and 9^^th^^ byte for the measurement value.

761

762

763

(% style="color:blue" %)**Example:**

764

765

Distance: Read:0C2D(Hex) = 3117(D) Value: 3117 mm=311.7 cm

766

767

768

[[image:1656384895430-327.png]]

769

770

771

[[image:1656384913616-455.png]]

772

773

774

You can see the serial output in ULT mode as below:

775

776

[[image:1656384939855-223.png]]

In TTN V3 server:

[[image:1656384961830-307.png]]

783

784

785

[[image:1656384973646-598.png]]

786

787

788

=== 2.4.9 +5V Output ===

789

790

Since v1.2 hardware version, a +5v output is added in the hardware. The +5V output will be valid for every sampling. LSN50 will enable +5V output before all sampling and disable the +5v after all sampling.

791

792

793

Since firmware (% style="color:red" %)**v1.6.3**(%%), The 5V output time can be controlled by AT Command.

794

795

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**AT+5VT=1000**

796

797

Means set 5V valid time to have 1000ms. So the real 5V output will actually have 1000ms + sampling time for other sensors.

798

799

800

By default the AT+5VT=500. If the external sensor which require 5v and require more time to get stable state, user can use this command to increase the power ON duration for this sensor.

=== 2.4.10 Weigh Sensor HX711 ===

805

806

Since v1.6.2 firmware, LSN50 support Weigh Sensor HX711.

807

808

809

=== 2.4.11 BH1750 Illumination Sensor ===

810

811

Since v1.7.0 firmware, MOD=1 support this sensor. The sensor value is in the 8^^th^^ and 9^^th^^ bytes.

812

813

814

[[image:image-20220628110012-11.jpeg]]

815

816

817

[[image:image-20220628110012-12.png]]

=== 2.4.12 Working MOD ===

822

823

The working MOD info is contained in the Digital in & Digital Interrupt byte (7^^th^^ Byte).

824

825

User can use the 3^^rd^^ ~~ 7^^th^^ bit of this byte to see the working mod:

826

827

Case 7^^th^^ Byte >> 2 & 0x1f:

* 0: MOD1

* 1: MOD2

* 2: MOD3

* 3: MOD4

* 4:MOD5

* 5:MOD6

== 2.5 Configure LSN50 via AT or Downlink ==

837

838

User can configure LSN50 via [[AT Commands >>||anchor="H3.A0UsingtheATCommands"]]or LoRaWAN Downlink Commands

839

840

There are two kinds of Commands:

841

842

* (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Common Commands**(%%): They should be available for each sensor, such as: change uplink interval, reset device. For firmware v1.7.0, user can find what common commands it supports: [[End Device AT Commands>>doc:Main.End Device AT Commands and Downlink Command.WebHome]]

843

844

* (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Sensor Related Commands**(%%): These commands are special designed for LSN50. User can see these commands below:

845

846

=== 2.5.1 Common Commands: ===

847

848

They should be available for each of Dragino Sensors, such as: change uplink interval, reset device. For firmware v1.7.0, user can find what common commands it supports: [[End Device AT Commands>>doc:Main.End Device AT Commands and Downlink Command.WebHome]]

849

850

851

=== 2.5.2 Sensor related commands: ===

852

853

854

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Set work mode:**

855

856

* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

857

858

(((

859

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+MOD=2 **(%%) ~/~/ Set work MOD =2. (1:IIC mode,2:Distance mode,3:3ADC mode, 4:3DS18B20 mode,5:weight mode)

)))

(((

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+MOD=?** (%%) ~/~/ Get current work MOD

)))

* (% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Payload:**

868

869

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**0x0A aa** (%%) ~/~/ Same as AT+MOD=aa

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Set the trigger interrupt mode:**

874

875

* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

876

877

(((

878

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+INTMOD=2** (%%) ~/~/ Set INTMOD =2. (0:Disable,1:falling or rising,2:falling,3:rising)

)))

(((

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+INTMOD=?** (%%) ~/~/ Get current INTMOD

)))

* (% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Payload:**

887

888

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**0x06 000003** (%%) ~/~/ Set AT+INTMOD=3

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Set the 5V power open time during sampling:**

893

894

* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

895

896

(((

897

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+5VT=1000** (%%) ~/~/ Set 5v open time to 1000ms

)))

(((

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+5VT=?** (%%) ~/~/ Check current 5v open duration

)))

* (% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Payload:**

906

907

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**0x07 aa bb** (%%) ~/~/ Equal AT+5VT=0x(aa bb)

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Set the weight to 0g (Zero Calibration)**

912

913

* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

914

915

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+WEIGRE** ** **(%%)** **~/~/ Set the weight to 0g

916

917

918

* (% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Payload:**

919

920

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**0x08 01** (%%) ~/~/ Set the weight to 0g

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Get or Set the GAP Value (calibrate factor) of measurement**

925

926

* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command:**

927

928

(((

929

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+WEIGAP=403.0** (%%) ~/~/ Set GAP Value =403.0 (response: Weight: xx g)

)))

(((

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**AT+WEIGAP=?** (%%) ~/~/ Get current GAP Value

)))

* (% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Payload:**

938

939

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)**0x08 02 aa bb** (%%) ~/~/ Equal to AT+WEIGAP=0x(aa bb)/10

== 2.6 Show Data in Datacake IoT Server ==

944

945

Datacake provides a human friendly interface to show the sensor data, once we have data in TTN V3, we can use Datacake to connect to TTN V3 and see the data in Datacake. Below are the steps:

946

947

948

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1**(%%)**:** Be sure that your device is programmed and properly connected to the network at this time.

949

950

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2**(%%)**:** To configure the Application to forward data to Datacake you will need to add integration. To add the Datacake integration, perform the following steps:

951

952

953

[[image:1656385623971-339.png]]

954

955

956

[[image:1656385646347-395.png]]

957

958

959

[[image:1656385662459-942.png]]

960

961

962

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 3**(%%)**: **Create an account or log in Datacake.

963

964

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 4**(%%)**:** Search the LSN50 and add DevEUI.

965

966

[[image:1656385688973-317.png]]

== 2.7 Firmware Change Log ==

971

972

973

**Firmware download: ** [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Firmware/LSN50.hex/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Firmware/LSN50.hex/]]

974

975

**Firmware Change Log: **[[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Firmware/LSN50.hex/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Firmware/LSN50.hex/]]

976

977

978

== 2.8 Use VDD or +5V to Power External Sensor ==

979

980

(((

981

User can use VDD or +5V to power external sensor.

)))

(((

(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**

)))

1. (((

VDD is 2.5~~3.3v from the battery + diode, the VDD is always on, so when use VDD to power external sensor, make sure the sensor has a low power consumption in sleep mode ( less 50 uA) to get a long battery life.

990

)))

991

1. (((

992

+5V output is only ON when sampling. And MCU will turn off it after sampling. So if sensor can support 5v, +5V out is the best choice. [[See here for more info>>||anchor="H2.4.92B5VOutput"]].

)))

(((

(% style="color:red" %)Note: Always test the actually current pass by the JP2 jumper when connect to a new type of sensor.

)))

== 2.9 Battery Analysis ==

1002

1003

=== 2.9.1 Battery Type ===

1004

1005

(((

1006

The LSN50 battery is a combination of a 4000mAh or 8500mAh Li/SOCI2 Battery and a Super Capacitor. The battery is non-rechargeable battery type with a low discharge rate (<2% per year). This type of battery is commonly used in IoT devices such as water meter.

)))

(((

The battery is designed to last for more than 5 years for the LSN50.

)))

(((

The battery related documents as below:

1016

)))

1017

1018

* [[Battery Dimension>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]],

1019

* [[Lithium-Thionyl Chloride Battery datasheet>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]], [[Tech Spec>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]]

1020

* [[Lithium-ion Battery-Capacitor datasheet>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]], [[Tech Spec>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]]

1021

1022

[[image:image-20220627175349-30.png]]

1023

1024

1025

=== 2.9.2 Power consumption Analyze ===

1026

1027

When connect to different sensors, it is good to test the power consumption with the sensor working. User can remove the ON/OFF Jumper of LSN50, and connect a multimeter between the two pins of this header and measure the current to know the whole system power consumption. Because the sleep mode will have as low as 10uA, at least 4.5 digit multimeter is required to measure this level of current.

1028

1029

A victor VC86E is recommended.

1030

1031

[[image:1656323400306-359.png]]

1032

1033

1034

In a minimum system with DS18B20 and Oil Sensor and default firmware, the power consumption includes:

1035

1036

1037

~1. Deep Sleep (Stop mode) for STM32. ~~ 5uA

1038

1039

2. Sampling current while reading DS18B20 and Oil Sensor

1040

1041

* Oil Sensor sampling time: 200us, current: 0.3mA

1042

* DS18B20 sampling time: 750ms, current: 0.64mA

1043

* Above power should add 8mA CPU power in working mode.

1044

1045

3. LoRaWAN transmit and receive time consumption. The LoRa TX / RX time and power can be found in the [[LoRa calculator tool>>url:https://www.semtech.com/uploads/documents/SX1272LoRaCalculatorSetup1_1.zip]].

1046

1047

1048

In a typical LoRaWAN data transmit. The energy profile is as below:

1049

1050

1051

[[image:1656323450362-299.png]]

1052

1053

In the LoRaWAN protocol, the device will transfer in different LoRa Radio, and have different energy profile in LoRa part. We can calculate the battery life in two cases:

1054

1055

1. Lower power LoRa radio. Device has a good signal to gateway

1056

1. Higher power LoRa radio. Device has a poor signal to gateway

1057

1058

(% style="color:blue" %)**Low Power Case**:

1059

1060

* Radio Parameter: SF7, 125kHz, 20dbm

1061

* Transmit interval: 15 minutes.

1062

* Payload: 8 Bytes.

1063

1064

(% style="color:blue" %)**High Power Case**:

1065

1066

* Radio Parameter: SF10, 125kHz, 20dbm

1067

* Transmit interval: 15 minutes.

1068

* Payload: 8 Bytes.

1069

1070

To simplify the calculation, we can:

1071

1072

* Combine oil sensor and DS18B20 sampling energy together to (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**751ms@8.64ma**

1073

1074

* Combine the two RX windows together.

1075

1076

There is a [[power consumption tool>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/&file=Battery_Calculator_v1.0.xlsx]] for easy analysis. Below is the analysis result.

1077

1078

1079

[[image:1656323531520-949.png]]

1080

1081

[[image:1656323549994-233.png]]

1082

1083

1084

(% style="color:red" %)**Note: Ignore the 18 year result, because the battery has a max 2% discharge per year.**

1085

1086

1087

=== 2.9.3 Battery Note ===

1088

1089

(((

1090

The Li-SICO battery is designed for small current / long period application. It is not good to use a high current, short period transmit method. The recommended minimum period for use of this battery is 5 minutes. If you use a shorter period time to transmit LoRa, then the battery life may be decreased.

)))

=== 2.9.4 Replace the battery ===

1095

1096

(((

1097

You can change the battery in the LSN50.The type of battery is not limited as long as the output is between 3v to 3.6v. On the main board, there is a diode (D1) between the battery and the main circuit. If you need to use a battery with less than 3.3v, please remove the D1 and shortcut the two pads of it so there won’t be voltage drop between battery and main board.

)))

(((

The default battery pack of LSN50 includes a ER18505 plus super capacitor. If user can't find this pack locally, they can find ER18505 or equivalence, which will also work in most case. The SPC can enlarge the battery life for high frequency use (update period below 5 minutes).

)))

= 3. Using the AT Commands =

1107

1108

== 3.1 Access AT Commands ==

1109

1110

LSN50 supports AT Command set in the stock firmware. You can use a USB to TTL adapter to connect to LSN50 for using AT command, as below.

1111

1112

1113

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LSN50 v1 UART connection photo**

1114

1115

[[image:image-20220627165424-24.png||height="495" width="486"]]

1116

1117

1118

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LSN50 v2 UART connection photo**

1119

1120

[[image:image-20220627165424-25.png||height="437" width="894"]]

(((

In the PC, you need to set the serial baud rate to (% style="color:green" %)**9600**(%%) to access the serial console for LSN50. LSN50 will output system info once power on as below:

)))

[[image:image-20220627165531-26.png||height="624" width="893"]](% style="display:none" %)

== 3.2 Common AT Command Sequence ==

1133

1134

1135

=== 3.2.1 Multi-channel ABP mode (Use with SX1301/LG308) ===

1136

1137

(% style="color:#037691" %)**If device has not joined network via OTAA:**

1138

1139

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+FDR

1140

1141

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+NJM=0

1142

1143

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)ATZ

1144

1145

1146

(% style="color:#037691" %)**If device already joined network:**

1147

1148

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+NJM=0

1149

1150

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)ATZ

1151

1152

1153

=== 3.2.2 Single-channel ABP mode (Use with LG01/LG02) ===

1154

1155

See [[Sect 6.7>>||anchor="H6.7A0HowtoconfiguretheEUIkeysinLSN503F"]]

= 4. Upload Firmware =

1160

1161

(% style="color:red" %)**Notes**:

1162

1163

* Since image v1.3, the firmware will show version info during boot. If your device doesn't show version info, you may have a very old image version.

1164

* Always run AT+FDR to reset parameters to factory default after an update image.

1165

If the update is from image >= v1.3 to another image version >=v1.3, then the keys will be kept after running AT+FDR.

1166

Otherwise (e.g. from v1.2 to v1.3), AT+FDR may erase the keys.

1167

1168

== 4.1 Upload Firmware via Serial Port ==

1169

1170

The LSN50's AT Command port can be used for firmware upgrade. The hardware connection for upgrade firmware is as below:

1171

1172

1173

[[image:image-20220627163506-18.png||height="426" width="418"]]

1174

1175

1176

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step1**(%%)**:** Download [[flash loader>>url:https://www.st.com/content/st_com/en/products/development-tools/software-development-tools/stm32-software-development-tools/stm32-programmers/flasher-stm32.html]].

1177

1178

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step2**(%%)**:** Download the [[LSN50 Image files>>url:https://github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/LSN50.hex]].

1179

1180

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step3**(%%)**: **Open flashloader; choose the correct COM port to update

1181

1182

[[image:image-20220627163821-19.png]]

1183

1184

1185

[[image:image-20220627163930-20.png||height="450" width="751"]]

1186

1187

1188

[[image:image-20220627164030-21.png||height="459" width="750"]]

(((

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step4**(%%)**: **Switch SW1 back to flash state and push the RESET button.

)))

(((

The LSN50 will then run the new firmware.

)))

== 4.2 Upload Firmware via ST-Link V2 ==

1201

1202

You can use ST-LINK to upgrade firmware into LSN50. The hardware connection for upgrade firmware is as below:

1203

1204

[[image:1656319349131-664.png]]

1205

1206

(% style="color:blue" %)**Connection:**

1207

1208

* (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**ST-LINK v2 GND <~-~-> LSN50 GND**

1209

* (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**ST-LINK v2 SWCLK <~-~-> LSN50 PA14**

1210

* (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**ST-LINK v2 SWDIO <~-~-> LSN50 PA13**

1211

* (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**ST-LINK v2 RST <~-~-> LSN50 NRST**

1212

1213

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step1:**(%%) Install [[ST-LINK driver>>url:https://www.stmicroelectronics.com.cn/content/st_com/en/products/development-tools/software-development-tools/stm32-software-development-tools/stm32-utilities/stsw-link009.html]] first and then install [[ST-LINK Utility>>url:https://www.st.com/content/st_com/en/products/development-tools/software-development-tools/stm32-software-development-tools/stm32-programmers/stsw-link004.html]]

1214

1215

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step2**(%%): Download the [[LSN50 Image files>>url:https://github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/LSN50.hex]].

1216

1217

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step3:**(%%)** **Open ST-LINK utility, (% style="color:blue" %)**file ~-~-> open file**(%%) to select the image to be upgraded.

1218

1219

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step4:**(%%)** **Click the “(% style="color:blue" %)**Program Verify**”(%%) button on ST-LINK.

1220

1221

1222

[[image:image-20220627164303-22.png]]

1223

1224

1225

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step5:**(%%)** **The led on the ST-LINK adapter will now blinking, and the ST-Link utility will pop up a download window. Click the start button to download the image to LSN50.

1226

1227

(% style="color:red" %)NOTE: If this step fails, ST-LINK can't establish connection to LSN50, please try to swap SWDIO & SWCLK pin. Some ST-LINK v2 devices are incorrectly marked.

1228

1229

1230

[[image:image-20220627164303-23.png]]

= 5. Developer Guide =

1235

1236

* Software Source Code Download : [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/STM32CubeExpansion_LRWAN>>https://github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/STM32CubeExpansion_LRWAN]]

1237

* Hardware Source Code Download: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/Lora/tree/master/LSN50>>https://github.com/dragino/Lora/tree/master/LSN50]]

1238

1239

LSN50 is an open source project, developer can use compile their firmware for customized applications. User can get the source code from:

1240

1241

* Software Source Code: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/STM32CubeExpansion_LRWAN>>url:https://github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/STM32CubeExpansion_LRWAN]]

1242

* Hardware Design files: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/Lora/tree/master/LSN50>>url:https://github.com/dragino/Lora/tree/master/LSN50]]

1243

* Compile instruction: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Firmware%20Compile%20Instruction%20~~-~~-%20STM32/>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Firmware%20Compile%20Instruction%20--%20STM32/]]

1244

1245

Use Keil to open project file:

1246

1247

STM32CubeExpansion_LRWAN/Projects/Multi/Applications/LoRa/DRAGINO-LRWAN(AT)/MDK-ARM/STM32L072CZ-Nucleo/Lora.uvprojx

1248

1249

1250

In Keil, you can see what frequency band the code support.

1251

1252

[[image:image-20220627162417-15.png]]

1253

1254

1255

**~1. If you want to change frequency, modify the Preprocessor Symbols.**

1256

1257

1258

For example, change EU868 to US915

1259

1260

[[image:1656318662202-530.png]]

1261

1262

1263

**2. Compile and build**

1264

1265

[[image:image-20220627163212-17.png]]

= 6. FAQ =

== 6.1 Why there is 433/868/915 version? ==

1272

1273

(((

1274

Different countries have different rules for the ISM band for LoRa. Although the LoRa chip can support a wide range of Frequencies, we provide different versions of the hardware for best tune of the LoRa hardware part.

)))

== 6.2 What is the frequency range of LT LoRa part? ? ==

1279

1280

Different LT version supports different frequency range, below is the table for the working frequency and recommend bands for each model:

1281

1282

[[image:image-20220627155456-9.png]]

== 6.3 How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region? ==

1287

1288

You can follow the instructions for [[how to upgrade image>>||anchor="H2.7200BFirmwareChangeLog"]].

1289

When downloading the images, choose the required image file for download.

1290

1291

1292

== 6.4 Can I use Private LoRa protocol? ==

(((

(((

The stock firmware is based on LoRaWAN protocol. You can use a private LoRa protocol in LSN50. This section describes an example for base LoRa transfer. It is a reference/demo and we do not provide further software development support on this topic.

)))

(((

In this demo, we will show the communication between LoRa Shield and LSN50, both of them using the basic LoRa library. LSN50 will send a message to a LoRa Shield and the LoRa Shield will print it to the console.

)))

)))

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LoRa Shield + UNO**:

1307

1308

Use the [[LoRa Library>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/Arduino/&file=LoRa.zip]] and upload the [[LoRa Receive>>http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/Arduino/LoRaReceiver.ino]] Sketch to Arduino.

Refs:

[[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/Arduino/&file=LoRa.zip>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/Arduino/&file=LoRa.zip]]

1314

1315

[[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/Arduino/LoRaReceiver.ino>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/Arduino/LoRaReceiver.ino]]

1316

1317

1318

Open the serial monitor to Arduino. The device acts as a LoRa Receiver and listen on the frequency 868.3Mhz by default.

1319

1320

1321

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LSN50**:

1322

1323

Use the <[[LoRa RAW code>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/LSN50/&file=lora_send.zip]]> . The project file is in: MDK-ARM\STM32L072CZ-Nucleo\ Lora.uvprojx

1324

1325

Compile it and Upload it to LSN50, the LSN50 will transfer on the frequency 868.3Mhz.

1326

1327

In the Arduino Console, it will see the received packets as below.

1328

1329

1330

[[image:image-20220627160116-10.png]]

1331

1332

1333

== 6.5 How to set up LSN50 to work in 8 channel mode ==

1334

1335

By default, the frequency bands US915, AU915, CN470 work in 72 frequencies. Many gateways are 8 channel gateways, and in this case, the OTAA join time and uplink schedule is long and unpredictable while the end node is hopping in 72 frequencies.

1336

1337

You can configure the end node to work in 8 channel mode by using the AT+CHE command. The 500kHz channels are always included for OTAA.

1338

1339

1340

For example, in (% style="color:blue" %)**US915**(%%) band, the frequency table is as below. By default, the end node will use all channels (0~~71) for OTAA Join process. After the OTAA Join, the end node will use these all channels (0~~71) to send uplink packets.

1341

1342

[[image:image-20220627160940-13.png]]

1343

1344

1345

When you use the TTN V3 network, the US915 frequency bands use are:

1346

1347

* 903.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

1348

* 904.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

1349

* 904.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

1350

* 904.5 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

1351

* 904.7 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

1352

* 904.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

1353

* 905.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

1354

* 905.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

1355

* 904.6 - SF8BW500

1356

1357

Because the end node is now hopping in 72 frequency, it makes it difficult for the devices to Join the TTN V3 network and uplink data. To solve this issue, you can access the device via the AT commands and run:

1358

1359

(% style="color:blue" %)**AT+CHE=2**

1360

1361

(% style="color:blue" %)**ATZ**

1362

1363

1364

to set the end node to work in 8 channel mode. The device will work in Channel 8-15 & 64-71 for OTAA, and channel 8-15 for Uplink.

1365

1366

The (% style="color:blue" %)**AU915**(%%) band is similar. Below are the AU915 Uplink Channels.

1367

1368

[[image:image-20220627161124-14.png]]

1369

1370

1371

== 6.6 How to set up LSN50 to work with Single Channel Gateway such as LG01/LG02? ==

1372

1373

In this case, users need to set LSN50 to work in ABP mode and transmit in only one frequency.

1374

1375

Assume we have a LG02 working in the frequency 868400000 now, below is the steps.

1376

1377

1378

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step1: **(%%)Log in TTN V3, Create an ABP device in the application and input the network session key (NETSKEY), app session key (APPSKEY) from the device.

1379

1380

1381

[[image:image-20220627160542-11.png]]

1382

1383

1384

(% style="color:red" %)Note: You need to make sure the above three keys match in the device and in TTN V3. You can change them either in TTN V3 or in the Device to make them match. In TTN V3, NETSKEY and APPSKEY can be configured in the setting page, but the Device Addr is generated by TTN V3.

1385

1386

1387

(% style="color:red" %)You can also change the Device ADDR in TTN V3 by using the [[The Things Network CLI>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/network/cli/quick-start.html]].

1388

1389

1390

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step2: **(%%)Run AT commands to make the LSN50 work in Single frequency and ABP mode. Below are the AT commands:

1391

1392

1393

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+FDR(%%) Reset Parameters to Factory Default, Keys Reserve

1394

1395

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+NJM=0(%%) Set to ABP mode

1396

1397

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+ADR=0(%%) Set the Adaptive Data Rate Off

1398

1399

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+DR=5(%%) Set Data Rate (Set AT+DR=3 for 915 band)

1400

1401

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+TDC=300000(%%) Set transmit interval to 5 minutes

1402

1403

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+CHS=868400000(%%) Set transmit frequency to 868.4Mhz

1404

1405

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+DADDR=26 01 1A F1(%%) Set Device Address to 26 01 1A F1

1406

1407

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)ATZ(%%) Reset MCU

As shown below:

[[image:image-20220627160542-12.png]]

1413

1414

1415

== 6.7 How to configure the EUI keys in LSN50? ==

1416

1417

The early version of LSN50 firmware doesn't have pre-configured keys.

1418

It is recommended that you update the image to the latest version before configure the keys. Refer [[upgrade_image>>||anchor="H2.7200BFirmwareChangeLog"]] to update the firmware to the latest version.

1419

1420

Run AT commands to set the keys to desired keys; refer [[AT Command manual>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LSN50-LoRaST/DRAGINO_LSN50_AT_Commands_v1.6.3.pdf]].

1421

1422

1423

= 7. Trouble Shooting =

1424

1425

== 7.1 Connection problem when uploading firmware. ==

1426

1427

(% style="color:red" %)**Issue**(%%): While using USB to TTL to upload firmware via UART interface. It works for several times but most of times it fails.

1428

1429

1430

(% style="color:green" %)**Checklist**:

1431

1432

~1. Double check if follow up exactly the steps as manual.

1433

1434

2. Check if hardware works fine: a) check if AT command works, b) check if ISP / flash switch works: PA12 will have different output level while set the ISP/Flash Switch in different position. c) check if reset button works.

1435

1436

3. If you use Windows10 system. Please change the flash loader to run in Windows7 compatibility mode.

1437

1438

1439

[[image:image-20220627153421-8.png]]

1440

1441

1442

4. We have seen cases where the FT232 USB TTL adapter has a reliability issue with the PC USB chipset (Intel). In this case, even though points 1 and 2 above work, it still has a reliability issue for uploading. If this happens, change to a different PC or change the USB to TTL adapter to solve the issue.

1443

1444

1445

== 7.2 Why I can't join TTN V3 in US915 / AU915 bands? ==

1446

1447

It is due to channel mapping. Please see the [[Eight Channel Mode>>doc:Main.End Device AT Commands and Downlink Command.WebHome||anchor="H7.19EightChannelMode"]] section above for details.

1448

1449

1450

== 7.3 AT Command input doesn't work ==

1451

1452

In the case if user can see the console output but can't type input to the device. Please check if you already include the (% style="color:red" %)**ENTER**(%%) while sending out the command. Some serial tool doesn't send (% style="color:red" %)**ENTER**(%%) while press the send key, user need to add ENTER in their string.

= 8. Order Info =

Part Number: (% style="color:blue" %)**LSN50-XX-YY **(%%)**or (% style="color:blue" %)LSN50-XX-YY-ZZ(%%)**

1459

1460

(% style="color:blue" %)**XX**(%%): The default frequency band

1461

1462

* (% style="color:red" %)**AS923 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN AS923 band

1463

* (% style="color:red" %)**AU915 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN AU915 band

1464

* (% style="color:red" %)**EU433 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN EU433 band

1465

* (% style="color:red" %)**EU868 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN EU868 band

1466

* (% style="color:red" %)**KR920 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN KR920 band

1467

* (% style="color:red" %)**US915 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN US915 band

1468

* (% style="color:red" %)**IN865 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN IN865 band

1469

* (% style="color:red" %)**CN470 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN CN470 band

1470

1471

(% style="color:blue" %)**YY**(%%)**: **Hole Option

1472

1473

* (% style="color:red" %)**12**(%%): With M12 waterproof cable hole

1474

* (% style="color:red" %)**16**(%%): With M16 waterproof cable hole

1475

* (% style="color:red" %)**20**(%%): With M20 waterproof cable hole (LSN50 v2 doesn’t have this version)

1476

* (% style="color:red" %)**NH**(%%): No Hole

1477

1478

(% style="color:blue" %)**ZZ**(%%)**: **Battery Option ( Only valid for v2 model)

1479

1480

* (% style="color:red" %)**4**(%%): with 4000mAh battery

1481

* (% style="color:red" %)**8**(%%): with 8500mAg battery

= 9. Packing Info =

(% style="color:blue" %)**For LSN50**(%%)**:**

1492

1493

**Package Includes**:

1494

1495

* LSN50 LoRa Sensor Node x 1

1496

1497

**Dimension and weight**:

1498

1499

* Device Size: 8 x 6.5 x 5 cm

1500

* Device Weight: 137g

1501

* Package Size / pcs : 9 x 7 x 6cm

1502

* Weight / pcs : 160g

(% style="color:blue" %)**For LSN50 v2**(%%)**:**

1508

1509

**Package Includes**:

1510

1511

* LSN50 v2 LoRa Sensor Node x 1

1512

* External antenna x 1

1513

* Spring Antenna (evaluate purpose)

1514

1515

**Dimension and weight**:

1516

1517

* Device Size: 9.7 x 6.5 x 4.7 cm

1518

* Device Weight: 150g

1519

* Package Size / pcs : 14.0 x 8x 5 cm

1520

* Weight / pcs : 180g

= 10. Support =

* Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8. Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before-mentioned schedule.

1530

* Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to [[support@dragino.com>>url:http://../../../../../../D:%5C%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99%5C%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A6%5CLoRa%5CLT%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%5Csupport@dragino.com]].

= 11. References =

* [[Product Page>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora/item/128-lsn50.html]]

1540

* [[Data Sheet>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/EN/&file=Datasheet_LoRaSensorNode.pdf]]

1541

* [[Image Download>>url:https://github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/LSN50.hex]]

1542

* [[Mechanical Drawing>>http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Mechanical_Drawing/]]

1543

1544

Wiki source code of LSN50 & LSN50-V2 - LoRaWAN Sensor Node User Manual

Applications

Navigation