LSN50 & LSN50-V2 - LoRaWAN Sensor Node User Manual

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= 1. Introduction =

== 1.1 What is LSN50 LoRa Sensor Node ==

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LSN50 is a Long Range LoRaWAN Sensor Node. It is designed for (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**outdoor data logging **(%%)and powered by (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Li/SOCl2 battery**(%%) for long term use and secure data transmission. It is designed to facilitate developers to quickly deploy industrial level LoRa and IoT solutions. It helps users to turn the idea into a practical application and make the Internet of Things a reality. It is easy to program, create and connect your things everywhere.

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It is based on SX1276/SX1278 allows the user to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data-rates. It provides ultra-long range spread spectrum communication and high interference immunity whilst minimizing current consumption. It targets professional wireless sensor network applications such as irrigation systems, smart metering, smart cities, smartphone detection, building automation, and so on.

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(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LSN50**(%%) uses STM32l0x chip from ST, STML0x is the (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**ultra-low-power**(%%) STM32L072xx microcontrollers incorporate the connectivity power of the universal serial bus (USB 2.0 crystal-less) with the high-performance ARM® Cortex®-M0+ 32-bit RISC core operating at a 32 MHz frequency, a memory protection unit (MPU), high-speed embedded memories (192 Kbytes of Flash program memory, 6 Kbytes of data EEPROM and 20 Kbytes of RAM) plus an extensive range of enhanced I/Os and peripherals.

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LSN50 is an (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**open source product**(%%), it is based on the STM32Cube HAL drivers and lots of libraries can be found in ST site for rapid development.

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[[image:1656294562709-486.png]]

== 1.2 Specifications ==

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Micro Controller:**

* STM32L072CZT6 MCU

* MCU: STM32L072CZT6

* Flash: 192KB

* RAM: 20KB

* EEPROM: 6KB

* Clock Speed: 32Mhz

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Common DC Characteristics:**

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* Supply Voltage: 2.1v ~~ 3.6v

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* Operating Temperature: -40 ~~ 85°C

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* I/O pins: Refer to STM32L072 datasheet

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**LoRa Spec:**

* Frequency Range,

** Band 1 (HF): 862 ~~ 1020 Mhz

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** Band 2 (LF): 410 ~~ 528 Mhz

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* 168 dB maximum link budget.

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* +20 dBm - 100 mW constant RF output vs.

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* +14 dBm high efficiency PA.

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* Programmable bit rate up to 300 kbps.

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* High sensitivity: down to -148 dBm.

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* Bullet-proof front end: IIP3 = -12.5 dBm.

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* Excellent blocking immunity.

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* Low RX current of 10.3 mA, 200 nA register retention.

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* Fully integrated synthesizer with a resolution of 61 Hz .

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* FSK, GFSK, MSK, GMSK, LoRaTM and OOK modulation.

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* Built-in bit synchronizer for clock recovery.

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* Preamble detection.

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* 127 dB Dynamic Range RSSI.

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* Automatic RF Sense and CAD with ultra-fast AFC.

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* Packet engine up to 256 bytes with CRC.

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* LoRaWAN 1.0.2 Specification

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Battery:**

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* Li/SOCI2 un-chargeable battery

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* Capacity: 4000mAh

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* Self Discharge: <1% / Year @ 25°C

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* Max continuously current: 130mA

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* Max boost current: 2A, 1 second

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Power Consumption**

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* STOP Mode: 2.7uA @ 3.3v

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* LoRa Transmit Mode: 125mA @ 20dBm 44mA @ 14dBm

== 1.3 Features ==

* LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Class A, Class C

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* STM32L072CZT6 MCU

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* SX1276/78 Wireless Chip

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* Pre-load bootloader on USART1/USART2

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* MDK-ARM Version 5.24a IDE

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* I2C, LPUSART1, USB, SPI2

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* 3x12bit ADC, 1x12bit DAC

* 20xDigital I/Os

* LoRa™ Modem

* Preamble detection

* Baud rate configurable

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* CN470/EU433/KR920/US915/IN865

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* EU868/AS923/AU915

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* Open-source hardware / software

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* Available Band:433/868/915/920 Mhz

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* IP66 Waterproof Enclosure

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* Ultra-Low Power consumption

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* AT Commands to change parameters

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* 4000mAh or 8500mAh Battery for long term use。

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== 1.4 Applications ==

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* Smart Buildings & Home Automation

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* Logistics and Supply Chain Management

* Smart Metering

* Smart Agriculture

* Smart Cities

* Smart Factory

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== 1.5 Pin Definitions and Switch ==

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[[image:1656295519542-152.png||height="413" width="728"]]

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[[image:1656295532863-613.png||height="371" width="721"]]

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[[image:image-20220627101527-1.png]]

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=== 1.5.1 Jumper JP2 ===

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Power on Device when put this jumper.

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=== 1.5.2 BOOT MODE / SW1 ===

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~1. ISP: upgrade mode, device won't have any signal in this mode. but ready for upgrade firmware. LED won't work. Firmware won't run.

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2. Flash: work mode, device starts to work and send out console output for further debug

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=== 1.5.3 Reset Button ===

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Press to reboot the device.

=== 1.5.4 LED ===

It will flash:

1. When boot the device in flash mode

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1. Send an uplink packet

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=== 1.6 Hardware Change log ===

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Note: Hardware version is marked in the PCB.

**LSN50 v2.1:**

1. Change R14 to 1M ohm

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1. Change R3, R4 to 4.7Kohm. So no need to modify them for 3 DS18B20 connection.

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1. Add ESD to each I/O

**LSN50 v2.0:**

* Change to a new enclosure. Improve with external antenna, IP68, ear hook.

**LSN50 v1.3**:

* Add P-MOS to control 5V output

**LSN50 v1.2**:

* Add LED. Turn on for every LoRa transmit

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* Add pin PA4, PB13, NRST

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* Add 5V Output, on/off control by PB5(Low to Enable, High to Disable)

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== (% id="cke_bm_478801S" style="display:none" %) (%%)1.7 Hole Option ==

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The LSN50 provides different hole size options for different size sensor cable. The options provided are M12, M16 and M20. The definition is as below:

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[[image:image-20220627104757-1.png]]

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[[image:1656298089706-973.png]]

= 2. Use LSN50 with LoRaWAN firmware =

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== 2.1 How it works ==

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The LSN50 is pre-loaded with a firmware and is configured as LoRaWAN OTAA Class A mode by default. It has OTAA keys to join LoRaWAN network. To connect a local LoRaWAN network, you just need to input the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN IoT server and power on the LSN50. It will automatically join the network via OTAA.

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The diagram below shows the working flow in default firmware (ver 1.7.0):

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[[image:image-20220627104855-2.png]]

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In case you can't set the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN OTAA server, and you have to use the keys from the server, you can [[use AT Commands>>doc:Main.End Device AT Commands and Downlink Command.WebHome]] to set the keys in the LSN50.

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== 2.2 Quick guide to connect to LoRaWAN server (OTAA) ==

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Following is an example for how to join the [[TTN V3 LoRaWAN Network>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]]. Below is the network structure; we use the [[LG308>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora/item/140-lg308.html]] as a LoRaWAN gateway in this example.

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(% title="Click and drag to resize" %)(%%)The LG308 is already set to connected to [[TTN V3 network >>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]], so what we need to now is configure the TTN V3 server.(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]][[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)(%%)

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1**(%%): Create a device in TTN with the OTAA keys from LSN50.

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Each LSN50is shipped with a sticker with the default device EUI as below:

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You can enter this key in the LoRaWAN Server portal. Below is TTN screen shot:

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**Register the device：**

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**Add APP EUI and DEV EUI：**

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(% aria-label="image-20220611161308-4.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220611161308-4.png||data-widget="image" height="551" width="753"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)

**Add APP EUI in the application：**

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(% aria-label="image-20220611161308-5.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220611161308-5.png||data-widget="image" height="601" width="742"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)

**Add APP KEY**

(% aria-label="image-20220611161308-6.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220611161308-6.png||data-widget="image" height="485" width="744"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)

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(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)

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(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]][[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)(%%)

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2**(%%): Power on LSN50

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Put a Jumper on JP2 to power on the device.(% style="display:none" %)

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[[image:image-20220627145643-5.png]](% style="display:none" %)

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(% style="display:none" %)

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(% style="display:none" %) (%%)

**For LSn50v2:**

[[image:1656313034748-905.png]](% style="display:none" %)

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(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(%%)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]][[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)(%%)

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(((

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 3**(%%)**:** The LSN50 will auto join to the TTN V3 network. After join success, it will start to upload messages to TTN V3 and you can see the messages in the panel.

)))

)))

(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% title="Click and drag to resize" %)[[image:1656312908855-552.png]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]]

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(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% title="Click and drag to resize" %)

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== 2.3 Working Mode & Uplink Payload ==

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LSN50 has different working mode for the connections of different type of sensors. This section describes these modes. Use can use the AT Command AT+MOD to set LSN50 to different working modes.

For example:

(% style="color:red" %)**AT+MOD=2**(%%) ~/~/ will set the LSN50 to work in MOD=2 distance mode which target to measure distance via Ultrasonic Sensor.

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(% style="color:red" %)**NOTE:**

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(% style="color:red" %)1. Some working modes has payload more than 12 bytes, The US915/AU915/AS923 frequency bands’ definition has maximum 11 bytes in **DR0**. Server sides will see NULL payload while LSn50 transmit in DR0 with 12 bytes payload.

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2. All modes share the same Payload Explanation from HERE.

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3. By default, the device will send an uplink message every 5 minutes.

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(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:400px" %)

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|=(% style="width: 62.5px;" %)(((

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**Size (bytes)**

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|(% style="width:65px" %)**Value**|(((

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[[Battery>>||anchor="HBattery:"]]

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)))|(% style="width:61px" %)(((

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ignore

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)))|(% style="width:91px" %)(((

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[[Alarm Flag>>||anchor="HAlarmFlag26MOD:"]]

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)))|(% style="width:99px" %)(((

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[[Temperature>>||anchor="HTemperature:"]]

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)))|(% style="width:97px" %)(((

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[[Humidity>>||anchor="HHumidity:"]]

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)))

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=== 2.3.1 MOD~=1 (Default Mode) ===

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(((

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In this mode, uplink payload includes in total 11 bytes. Uplink packets use FPORT=2.

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[[image:image-20220627171207-27.png]]

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[[image:image-20220627150949-6.png]]

)))

=== 2.3.2 MOD~=2 (Distance Mode) ===

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This mode is target to measure the distance. The payload of this mode is totally 11 bytes. The 8^^th^^ and 9^^th^^ bytes is for the distance.

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[[image:image-20220627180835-31.png]]

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[[image:1656324539647-568.png]]

Connection of LIDAR-Lite V3HP:

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[[image:1656324581381-162.png]]

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Connection to Ultrasonic Sensor:

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[[image:1656324598488-204.png]]

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For the connection to TF-Mini or TF-Luna , MOD2 payload is as below:

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[[image:image-20220628083801-1.png]]

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[[image:1656376779088-686.png]]

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Connection to [[TF-Mini plus>>url:http://en.benewake.com/product/detail/5c345cd0e5b3a844c472329b.html]] LiDAR(UART version):

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Need to remove R3 and R4 resistors to get low power. Since firmware v1.7.0

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[[image:1656376795715-436.png]]

Connection to [[TF-Luna>>url:http://en.benewake.com/product/detail/5e1c1fd04d839408076b6255.html]] LiDAR (UART version):

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Need to remove R3 and R4 resistors to get low power. Since firmware v1.7.0

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[[image:1656376865561-355.png]]

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Please use firmware version > 1.6.5 when use MOD=2, in this firmware version, user can use LSn50 v1 to power the ultrasonic sensor directly and with low power consumption.

)))

=== 2.3.3 MOD~=3 (3 ADC + I2C) ===

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This mode has total 12 bytes. Include 3 x ADC + 1x I2C

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[[image:image-20220628085009-2.png]]

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[[image:1656377431497-975.png]]

=== 2.3.4 MOD~=4 (3 x DS18B20) ===

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This mode is supported in firmware version since v1.6.1. Software set to AT+MOD=4

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Hardware connection is as below,

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(% style="color:red" %)**(Note:**

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* In hardware version v1.x and v2.0 , R3 & R4 should change from 10k to 4.7k ohm to support the other 2 x DS18B20 probes.

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* In hardware version v2.1 no need to change R3 , R4, by default, they are 4.7k ohm already.

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See [[here>>path:#hardware_changelog]] for hardware changelog.

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(% style="color:red" %)**) **

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[[image:1656377461619-156.png]]

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This mode has total 11 bytes. As shown below:

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[[image:image-20220628085248-3.png]]

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[[image:1656377606181-607.png]]

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=== 2.3.5 MOD~=5(Weight Measurement by HX711) ===

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This mode is supported in firmware version since v1.6.2. Please use v1.6.5 firmware version so user no need to use extra LDO for connection.

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[[image:1656378224664-860.png]]

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Each HX711 need to be calibrated before used. User need to do below two steps:

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1. Zero calibration. Don’t put anything on load cell and run **AT+WEIGRE** to calibrate to Zero gram.

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1. Adjust calibration factor (default value 400): Put a known weight thing on load cell and run **AT+WEIGAP** to adjust the Calibration Factor.

For example:

**AT+WEIGAP =403.0**

Response: Weight is 401 g

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Check the response of this command and adjust the value to match the real value for thing.

(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:726px" %)

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|(% style="width:97px" %)**Value**|(% style="width:44px" %)[[BAT>>path:#BAT]]|(% style="width:172px" %)(((

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[[Temperature(DS18B20)>>path:#DS18B20]]

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)))|(% style="width:51px" %)[[ADC>>path:#ADC]]|(% style="width:206px" %)[[Digital in & Digital Interrupt>>path:#Digtial_input]]|(% style="width:72px" %)Weight|(% style="width:81px" %)Reserved

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[[image:1656378323863-824.png]]

=== 2.3.6 MOD~=6(Counting Mode, Since firmware v1.6.5) ===

(((

In this mode, the device will work in counting mode. It counts the interrupt on the interrupt pins and sends the count on TDC time.

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(((

Connection is as below. The PIR sensor is a count sensor, it will generate interrupt when people come close or go away. User can replace the PIR sensor with other counting sensors.

)))

[[image:1656378351863-572.png]]

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**Note:** LoRaWAN wireless transmission will infect the PIR sensor. Which cause the counting value increase +1 for every uplink. User can change PIR sensor or put sensor away of the LSN50 to avoid this happen.

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(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:522px" %)

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|(% style="width:98px" %)**Value**|(% style="width:45px" %)[[BAT>>path:#BAT]]|(% style="width:177px" %)(((

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[[Temperature(DS18B20)>>path:#DS18B20]]

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)))|(% style="width:52px" %)[[ADC>>path:#ADC]]|(% style="width:85px" %)[[Digital in>>path:#Digtial_input]]|(% style="width:62px" %)Count

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[[image:1656378441509-171.png]]

=== 2.3.7 Decode payload in The Things Network ===

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While using TTN V3 network, you can add the payload format to decode the payload.

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[[image:1656378466788-734.png]]

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The payload decoder function for TTN V3 are here:

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LSN50 TTN V3 Payload Decoder: [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LSN50-LoRaST/Payload_decoder/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LSN50-LoRaST/Payload_decoder/]]

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552

(% style="display:none" %) (%%)

553

554

== 2.4 Payload Explanation and Sensor Interface ==

555

556

=== 2.4.1 Battery Info ===

557

558

Check the battery voltage for LSN50.

Ex1: 0x0B45 = 2885mV

Ex2: 0x0B49 = 2889mV

=== 2.4.2 Temperature (DS18B20) ===

567

568

If there is a DS18B20 connected to PB3 pin. The temperature will be uploaded in the payload.

569

570

571

More DS18B20 can check the [[3 DS18B20 mode>>path:#ds18b20_3]]

**Connection**

[[image:1656378573379-646.png]]

**Example**:

If payload is: 0105H: (0105 & FC00 == 0), temp = 0105H /10 = 26.1 degree

582

583

If payload is: FF3FH : (FF3F & FC00 == 1) , temp = (FF3FH - 65536)/10 = -19.3 degrees.

=== 2.4.3 Digital Input ===

588

589

The digital input for pin PA12,

590

591

* When PA12 is high, the bit 1 of payload byte 6 is 1.

592

* When PA12 is low, the bit 1 of payload byte 6 is 0.

593

594

595

=== 2.4.4 Analogue Digital Converter (ADC) ===

596

597

The ADC pins in LSN50 can measure range from 0~~3.3v, it use reference voltage from STM32. If user need to measure a voltage >3.3v, please use resistors to divide this voltage to lower than 3.3v, otherwise, it may destroy the ADC pin.

598

599

600

The ADC monitors the voltage on the PA0 line, in mV.

Ex: 0x021F = 543mv,

**Example1:** Reading an Oil Sensor (Read a resistance value):

606

607

[[image:image-20220627172409-28.png]]

608

609

610

In the LSN50, we can use PB4 and PA0 pin to calculate the resistance for the oil sensor.

611

612

613

(% style="color:blue" %)**Steps:**

614

615

1. Solder a 10K resistor between PA0 and VCC.

616

1. Screw oil sensor's two pins to PA0 and PB4.

617

618

The equipment circuit is as below:

619

620

[[image:image-20220627172500-29.png]]

621

622

623

According to above diagram:

624

625

[[image:image-20220628091043-4.png]]

So

[[image:image-20220628091344-6.png]]

630

631

632

[[image:image-20220628091621-8.png]] is the reading of ADC. So if ADC=0x05DC=0.9 v and VCC (BAT) is 2.9v

633

634

635

The [[image:image-20220628091702-9.png]] 4.5K ohm

636

637

Since the Bouy is linear resistance from 10 ~~ 70cm.

638

639

640

The position of Bouy is [[image:image-20220628091824-10.png]] , from the bottom of Bouy.

=== 2.4.5 Digital Interrupt ===

645

646

Digital Interrupt refers to pin PB14, and there are different trigger methods. When there is a trigger, the LSN50 will send a packet to the server.

(((

Interrupt connection method:

651

)))

652

653

[[image:1656379178634-321.png]]

654

655

656

**Example to use with door sensor **

657

(Requires firmware > 1.5.1)

658

659

660

The door sensor is shown at right. It is a two wire magnetic contact switch used for detecting the open/close status of doors or windows.

661

662

[[image:1656379210849-860.png]]

663

664

665

When the two pieces are close to each other, the 2 wire output will be short or open (depending on the type), while if the two pieces are away from each other, the 2 wire output will be the opposite status. So we can use LSN50 interrupt interface to detect the status for the door or window.

666

667

668

Below is the installation example:

669

670

Fix one piece of the magnetic sensor to the door and connect the two pins to LSN50 as follows:

671

672

* One pin to LSN50's PB14 pin

673

* The other pin to LSN50's VCC pin

674

675

Install the other piece to the door. Find a place where the two pieces will be close to each other when the door is closed. For this particular magnetic sensor, when the door is closed, the output will be short, and PB14 will be at the VCC voltage.

676

677

678

Door sensors have two types: ** (% style="color:#4472c4" %)NC (Normal close)(%%)** and (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**NO (normal open)**(%%). The connection for both type sensors are the same. But the decoding for payload are reverse, user need to modify this in the IoT Server decoder.

679

680

When door sensor is shorted, there will extra power consumption in the circuit, the extra current is 3v3/R14 = 3v2/1Mohm = 0.3uA which can be ignored.

681

682

683

[[image:1656379283019-229.png]]

(((

The above photos shows the two parts of the magnetic switch fitted to a door.

)))

(((

The software by default uses the falling edge on the signal line as an interrupt. We need to modify it to accept both the rising edge (0v ~-~-> VCC , door close) and the falling edge (VCC ~-~-> 0v , door open) as the interrupt.

)))

The command is:

(% style="color:blue" %)**AT+INTMOD=1 **(%%)** ~/~/(more info about INMOD please refer **[[**AT Command Manual**>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/&file=DRAGINO_LSN50_AT_Commands_v1.5.1.pdf]]**. )**

699

700

701

Below shows some screen captures in TTN V3:

702

703

704

[[image:1656379339508-835.png]]

705

706

707

In MOD=1, user can use byte 6 to see the status for door open or close. TTN V3 decoder is as below:

708

709

door= (bytes[6] & 0x80)? "CLOSE":"OPEN";

710

711

712

(% style="color:red" %)**Notice for hardware version LSN50 v1 < v1.3**(%%) (produced before 2018-Nov).

713

714

In this hardware version, there is no R14 resistance solder. When use the latest firmware, it should set AT+INTMOD=0 to close the interrupt. If user need to use Interrupt in this hardware version, user need to solder R14 with 10M resistor and C1 (0.1uF) on board.

715

716

[[image:1656379563303-771.png]]

=== 2.4.6 I2C Interface (SHT20) ===

721

722

The PB6(SDA) and PB7(SCK) are I2C interface lines. You can use these to connect to an I2C device and get the sensor data.

723

724

We have made an example to show how to use the I2C interface to connect to the SHT20 Temperature and Humidity Sensor. This is supported in the stock firmware since v1.5 with (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**AT+MOD=1 (default value).**

725

726

Below is the connection to SHT20.

727

728

729

[[image:1656379593307-549.png]]

730

731

732

The device will be able to get the I2C sensor data now and upload to IoT Server.

733

734

735

[[image:1656379664142-345.png]]

736

737

Convert the read byte to decimal and divide it by ten.

**Example:**

Temperature: Read:0116(H) = 278(D) Value: 278 /10=27.8℃;

743

744

Humidity: Read:0248(H)=584(D) Value: 584 / 10=58.4, So 58.4%

745

746

747

If you want to use other I2C device, please refer the SHT20 part source code as reference.

=== 2.4.7 Distance Reading ===

752

753

Refer [[Ultrasonic Sensor section>>path:#Ultrasonic_Sensor]].

754

755

756

=== 2.4.8 Ultrasonic Sensor ===

757

758

(((

759

The LSN50 v1.5 firmware supports ultrasonic sensor (with AT+MOD=2) such as SEN0208 from DF-Robot. This Fundamental Principles of this sensor can be found at this link: [[https:~~/~~/wiki.dfrobot.com/Weather_-_proof_Ultrasonic_Sensor_with_Separate_Probe_SKU~~_~~__SEN0208>>url:https://wiki.dfrobot.com/Weather_-_proof_Ultrasonic_Sensor_with_Separate_Probe_SKU___SEN0208]]

)))

(((

The LSN50 detects the pulse width of the sensor and converts it to mm output. The accuracy will be within 1 centimeter. The usable range (the distance between the ultrasonic probe and the measured object) is between 24cm and 600cm.

)))

(((

The picture below shows the connection:

770

)))

771

772

[[image:1656380061365-178.png]]

Connect to the LSN50 and run **AT+MOD=2** to switch to ultrasonic mode (ULT).

777

778

The ultrasonic sensor uses the 8^^th^^ and 9^^th^^ byte for the measurement value.

**Example:**

Distance: Read:0C2D(Hex) = 3117(D) Value: 3117 mm=311.7 cm

784

785

786

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image030.png]]

787

788

789

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image031.png]]

You can see the serial output in ULT mode as below:

794

795

796

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image032.png]]

In TTN V3 server:

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image030.png]]

803

804

805

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image031.png]]

806

807

808

=== 2.4.9 +5V Output ===

809

810

Since v1.2 hardware version, a +5v output is added in the hardware. The +5V output will be valid for every sampling. LSN50 will enable +5V output before all sampling and disable the +5v after all sampling.

811

812

813

Since firmware **v1.6.3**, The 5V output time can be controlled by AT Command.

**AT+5VT=1000**

Means set 5V valid time to have 1000ms. So the real 5V output will actually have 1000ms + sampling time for other sensors.

818

819

820

By default the AT+5VT=500. If the external sensor which require 5v and require more time to get stable state, user can use this command to increase the power ON duration for this sensor.

=== 2.4.10 Weigh Sensor HX711 ===

826

827

Since v1.6.2 firmware, LSN50 support Weigh Sensor HX711.

828

829

830

=== 2.4.11 BH1750 Illumination Sensor ===

831

832

Since v1.7.0 firmware, MOD=1 support this sensor. The sensor value is in the 8^^th^^ and 9^^th^^ bytes.

833

834

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image033.jpg]]

835

836

837

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image034.png]]

=== 2.4.12 Working MOD ===

842

843

The working MOD info is contained in the Digital in & Digital Interrupt byte (7^^th^^ Byte).

844

845

846

User can use the 3^^rd^^ ~~ 7^^th^^ bit of this byte to see the working mod:

847

848

849

Case 7^^th^^ Byte >> 2 & 0x1f:

* 0: MOD1

* 1: MOD2

* 2: MOD3

* 3: MOD4

* 4:MOD5

* 5:MOD6

== 2.5 Configure LSN50 via AT or Downlink ==

859

860

User can configure LSN50 via [[AT Commands >>path:#_Using_the_AT]]or LoRaWAN Downlink Commands

861

862

There are two kinds of Commands:

863

864

* (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Common Commands**(%%): They should be available for each sensor, such as: change uplink interval, reset device. For firmware v1.7.0, user can find what common commands it supports: http:~/~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_AT_Commands_and_Downlink_Commands

865

866

* (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Sensor Related Commands**(%%): These commands are special designed for LSN50. User can see these commands below:

867

868

=== 2.5.1 Common Commands: ===

869

870

871

They should be available for each of Dragino Sensors, such as: change uplink interval, reset device. For firmware v1.7.0, user can find what common commands it supports: http:~/~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_AT_Commands_and_Downlink_Commands

872

873

874

=== 2.5.2 Sensor related commands: ===

875

876

877

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Set work mode:**

878

879

* (% style="color:#037691" %)AT Command:

880

881

AT+MOD=2 ~/~/ Set work MOD =2. (1:IIC mode,2:Distance mode,3:3ADC mode, 4:3DS18B20 mode,5:weight mode)

882

883

AT+MOD=? ~/~/ Get current work MOD

884

885

886

* (% style="color:#037691" %)Downlink Payload:

887

888

0x0A aa ~/~/ Same as AT+MOD=aa

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Set the trigger interrupt mode:**

893

894

* (% style="color:#037691" %)AT Command:

895

896

AT+INTMOD=2 ~/~/ Set INTMOD =2. (0:Disable,1:falling or rising,2:falling,3:rising)

897

898

AT+INTMOD=? ~/~/ Get current INTMOD

899

900

901

* (% style="color:#037691" %)Downlink Payload:

902

903

0x06 000003 ~/~/ Set AT+INTMOD=3

904

905

906

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Set the 5V power open time during sampling:**

907

908

909

* (% style="color:#037691" %)AT Command:

910

911

AT+5VT=1000 ~/~/ Set 5v open time to 1000ms

912

913

AT+5VT=? ~/~/ Check current 5v open duration

914

915

916

* (% style="color:#037691" %)Downlink Payload:

917

918

0x07 aa bb ~/~/ Equal AT+5VT=0x(aa bb)

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Set the weight to 0g (Zero Calibration)**

924

925

* (% style="color:#037691" %)AT Command:

926

927

AT+WEIGRE ~/~/ Set the weight to 0g

928

929

930

* (% style="color:#037691" %)Downlink Payload:

931

932

0x08 01 ~/~/ Set the weight to 0g

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Get or Set the GAP Value (calibrate factor) of measurement**

937

938

* (% style="color:#037691" %)AT Command:

939

940

AT+WEIGAP=403.0 ~/~/ Set GAP Value =403.0 (response: Weight: xx g)

941

942

AT+WEIGAP=? ~/~/ Get current GAP Value

943

944

945

* (% style="color:#037691" %)Downlink Payload:

946

947

0x08 02 aa bb ~/~/ Equal to AT+WEIGAP=0x(aa bb)/10

== 2.6 Show Data in Datacake IoT Server ==

956

957

Datacake provides a human friendly interface to show the sensor data, once we have data in TTN V3, we can use Datacake to connect to TTN V3 and see the data in Datacake. Below are the steps:

958

959

960

(% style="color:blue" %)Step 1(%%): Be sure that your device is programmed and properly connected to the network at this time.

961

962

(% style="color:blue" %)Step 2(%%): To configure the Application to forward data to Datacake you will need to add integration. To add the Datacake integration, perform the following steps:

963

964

965

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image035.png]]

966

967

968

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image036.png]]

969

970

971

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image037.png]]

(% style="color:blue" %)Step 3(%%): Create an account or log in Datacake.

976

977

(% style="color:blue" %)Step 4(%%): Search the LSN50 and add DevEUI.

978

979

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image038.png]]

== 2.7 Firmware Change Log ==

984

985

~* [[**Firmware download link**>>url:https://github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/LSN50.hex]]

986

987

[[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Firmware/LSN50.hex/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Firmware/LSN50.hex/]]

988

989

990

**~* Firmware Change Log:**

991

992

[[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Firmware/LSN50.hex/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Firmware/LSN50.hex/]]

== 2.8 Use VDD or +5V to Power External Sensor ==

998

999

User can use VDD or +5V to power external sensor.

1000

1001

(% style="color:red" %)Note:

1002

1003

1. VDD is 2.5~~3.3v from the battery + diode, the VDD is always on, so when use VDD to power external sensor, make sure the sensor has a low power consumption in sleep mode ( less 50 uA) to get a long battery life.

1004

1. +5V output is only ON when sampling. And MCU will turn off it after sampling. So if sensor can support 5v, +5V out is the best choice. [[See here for more info>>path:#output_5v]].

1005

1006

(% style="color:red" %)Note: Always test the actually current pass by the JP2 jumper when connect to a new type of sensor.

== 2.9 Battery Analysis ==

1015

1016

=== 2.9.1 Battery Type ===

1017

1018

The LSN50 battery is a combination of a 4000mAh or 8500mAh Li/SOCI2 Battery and a Super Capacitor. The battery is non-rechargeable battery type with a low discharge rate (<2% per year). This type of battery is commonly used in IoT devices such as water meter.

1019

1020

1021

The battery is designed to last for more than 5 years for the LSN50.

1022

1023

1024

The battery related documents as below:

1025

1026

* [[Battery Dimension>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]],

1027

* [[Lithium-Thionyl Chloride Battery datasheet>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]], [[Tech Spec>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]]

1028

* [[Lithium-ion Battery-Capacitor datasheet>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]], [[Tech Spec>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]]

1029

1030

[[image:image-20220627175349-30.png]]

1031

1032

1033

=== 2.9.2 Power consumption Analyze ===

1034

1035

When connect to different sensors, it is good to test the power consumption with the sensor working. User can remove the [[ON/OFF Jumper>>path:#power_on]] of LSN50, and connect a multimeter between the two pins of this header and measure the current to know the whole system power consumption. Because the sleep mode will have as low as 10uA, at least 4.5 digit multimeter is required to measure this level of current.

1036

1037

A victor VC86E is recommended.

1038

1039

[[image:1656323400306-359.png]]

1040

1041

1042

In a minimum system with DS18B20 and Oil Sensor and default firmware, the power consumption includes:

1043

1044

1045

~1. Deep Sleep (Stop mode) for STM32. ~~ 5uA

1046

1047

2. Sampling current while reading DS18B20 and Oil Sensor

1048

1049

* Oil Sensor sampling time: 200us, current: 0.3mA

1050

* DS18B20 sampling time: 750ms, current: 0.64mA

1051

* Above power should add 8mA CPU power in working mode.

1052

1053

3. LoRaWAN transmit and receive time consumption. The LoRa TX / RX time and power can be found in the [[LoRa calculator tool>>url:https://www.semtech.com/uploads/documents/SX1272LoRaCalculatorSetup1_1.zip]].

1054

1055

1056

In a typical LoRaWAN data transmit. The energy profile is as below:

1057

1058

1059

[[image:1656323450362-299.png]]

1060

1061

In the LoRaWAN protocol, the device will transfer in different LoRa Radio, and have different energy profile in LoRa part. We can calculate the battery life in two cases:

1062

1063

1. Lower power LoRa radio. Device has a good signal to gateway

1064

1. Higher power LoRa radio. Device has a poor signal to gateway

1065

1066

(% style="color:blue" %)**Low Power Case**:

1067

1068

* Radio Parameter: SF7, 125kHz, 20dbm

1069

* Transmit interval: 15 minutes.

1070

* Payload: 8 Bytes.

1071

1072

(% style="color:blue" %)**High Power Case**:

1073

1074

* Radio Parameter: SF10, 125kHz, 20dbm

1075

* Transmit interval: 15 minutes.

1076

* Payload: 8 Bytes.

1077

1078

To simplify the calculation, we can:

1079

1080

* Combine oil sensor and DS18B20 sampling energy together to **751ms@8.64ma**

1081

1082

* Combine the two RX windows together.

1083

1084

There is a [[power consumption tool>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/&file=Battery_Calculator_v1.0.xlsx]] for easy analysis. Below is the analysis result.

1085

1086

1087

[[image:1656323531520-949.png]]

1088

1089

[[image:1656323549994-233.png]]

1090

1091

1092

(% style="color:red" %)Note: Ignore the 18 year result, because the battery has a max 2% discharge per year.

1093

1094

1095

=== 2.9.3 Battery Note ===

1096

1097

(((

1098

The Li-SICO battery is designed for small current / long period application. It is not good to use a high current, short period transmit method. The recommended minimum period for use of this battery is 5 minutes. If you use a shorter period time to transmit LoRa, then the battery life may be decreased.

)))

=== 2.9.4 Replace the battery ===

1103

1104

(((

1105

You can change the battery in the LSN50.The type of battery is not limited as long as the output is between 3v to 3.6v. On the main board, there is a diode (D1) between the battery and the main circuit. If you need to use a battery with less than 3.3v, please remove the D1 and shortcut the two pads of it so there won’t be voltage drop between battery and main board.

)))

(((

The default battery pack of LSN50 includes a ER18505 plus super capacitor. If user can't find this pack locally, they can find ER18505 or equivalence, which will also work in most case. The SPC can enlarge the battery life for high frequency use (update period below 5 minutes).

)))

= 3. Using the AT Commands =

1115

1116

== 3.1 Access AT Commands ==

1117

1118

LSN50 supports AT Command set in the stock firmware. You can use a USB to TTL adapter to connect to LSN50 for using AT command, as below.

1119

1120

1121

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LSN50 v1 UART connection photo**

1122

1123

[[image:image-20220627165424-24.png||height="495" width="486"]]

1124

1125

1126

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LSN50 v2 UART connection photo**

1127

1128

[[image:image-20220627165424-25.png||height="483" width="988"]]

(((

In the PC, you need to set the serial baud rate to (% style="color:green" %)**9600**(%%) to access the serial console for LSN50. LSN50 will output system info once power on as below:

1133

)))

1134

1135

[[image:image-20220627165531-26.png]]

== 3.2 Common AT Command Sequence ==

1140

1141

1142

=== 3.2.1 Multi-channel ABP mode (Use with SX1301/LG308) ===

1143

1144

(% style="color:#037691" %)**If device has not joined network via OTAA:**

1145

1146

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+FDR

1147

1148

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+NJM=0

1149

1150

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)ATZ

1151

1152

1153

(% style="color:#037691" %)**If device already joined network:**

1154

1155

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+NJM=0

1156

1157

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)ATZ

1158

1159

1160

=== 3.2.2 Single-channel ABP mode (Use with LG01/LG02) ===

1161

1162

See [[Sect 6.7>>path:#single_channel_mode]]

= 4. Upload Firmware =

1167

1168

(% style="color:red" %)**Notes**:

1169

1170

* Since image v1.3, the firmware will show version info during boot. If your device doesn't show version info, you may have a very old image version.

1171

* Always run AT+FDR to reset parameters to factory default after an update image.

1172

If the update is from image >= v1.3 to another image version >=v1.3, then the keys will be kept after running AT+FDR.

1173

Otherwise (e.g. from v1.2 to v1.3), AT+FDR may erase the keys.

1174

1175

== 4.1 Upload Firmware via Serial Port ==

1176

1177

The LSN50's AT Command port can be used for firmware upgrade. The hardware connection for upgrade firmware is as below:

1178

1179

1180

[[image:image-20220627163506-18.png||height="426" width="418"]]

1181

1182

1183

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step1**(%%)**:** Download [[flash loader>>url:https://www.st.com/content/st_com/en/products/development-tools/software-development-tools/stm32-software-development-tools/stm32-programmers/flasher-stm32.html]].

1184

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step2**(%%)**:** Download the [[LSN50 Image files>>url:https://github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/LSN50.hex]].

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step3**(%%)**: **Open flashloader; choose the correct COM port to update

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[[image:image-20220627163821-19.png]]

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[[image:image-20220627163930-20.png||height="450" width="751"]]

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[[image:image-20220627164030-21.png||height="459" width="750"]]

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step4**(%%)**: **Switch SW1 back to flash state and push the RESET button.

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The LSN50 will then run the new firmware.

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== 4.2 Upload Firmware via ST-Link V2 ==

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You can use ST-LINK to upgrade firmware into LSN50. The hardware connection for upgrade firmware is as below:

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[[image:1656319349131-664.png]]

Connection:

* ST-LINK v2 GND <~-~-> LSN50 GND

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* ST-LINK v2 SWCLK <~-~-> LSN50 PA14

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* ST-LINK v2 SWDIO <~-~-> LSN50 PA13

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* ST-LINK v2 RST <~-~->LSN50 NRST.

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step1:**(%%) Install [[ST-LINK driver>>url:https://www.stmicroelectronics.com.cn/content/st_com/en/products/development-tools/software-development-tools/stm32-software-development-tools/stm32-utilities/stsw-link009.html]] first and then install [[ST-LINK Utility>>url:https://www.st.com/content/st_com/en/products/development-tools/software-development-tools/stm32-software-development-tools/stm32-programmers/stsw-link004.html]]

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step2**(%%): Download the [[LSN50 Image files>>url:https://github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/LSN50.hex]].

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step3:**(%%)** **Open ST-LINK utility, (% style="color:blue" %)**file ~-~-> open file**(%%) to select the image to be upgraded.

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step4:**(%%)** **Click the “(% style="color:blue" %)**Program Verify**”(%%) button on ST-LINK.

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[[image:image-20220627164303-22.png]]

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step5:**(%%)** **The led on the ST-LINK adapter will now blinking, and the ST-Link utility will pop up a download window. Click the start button to download the image to LSN50.

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(% style="color:red" %)NOTE: If this step fails, ST-LINK can't establish connection to LSN50, please try to swap SWDIO & SWCLK pin. Some ST-LINK v2 devices are incorrectly marked.

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[[image:image-20220627164303-23.png]]

= 5. Developer Guide =

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(% style="display:none" %)

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* Software Source Code Download : [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/STM32CubeExpansion_LRWAN>>https://github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/STM32CubeExpansion_LRWAN]]

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* Hardware Source Code Download: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/Lora/tree/master/LSN50>>https://github.com/dragino/Lora/tree/master/LSN50]]

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LSN50 is an open source project, developer can use compile their firmware for customized applications. User can get the source code from:

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* Software Source Code: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/STM32CubeExpansion_LRWAN>>url:https://github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/STM32CubeExpansion_LRWAN]]

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* Hardware Design files: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/Lora/tree/master/LSN50>>url:https://github.com/dragino/Lora/tree/master/LSN50]]

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* Compile instruction: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Firmware%20Compile%20Instruction%20~~-~~-%20STM32/>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Firmware%20Compile%20Instruction%20--%20STM32/]]

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Use Keil to open project file:

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STM32CubeExpansion_LRWAN/Projects/Multi/Applications/LoRa/DRAGINO-LRWAN(AT)/MDK-ARM/STM32L072CZ-Nucleo/Lora.uvprojx

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In Keil, you can see what frequency band the code support.

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[[image:image-20220627162417-15.png]]

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~1. If you want to change frequency, modify the Preprocessor Symbols.

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For example, change EU868 to US915

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[[image:1656318662202-530.png]]

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.emz]]

2. Compile and build

[[image:image-20220627163212-17.png]]

= 6. FAQ =

== 6.1 Why there is 433/868/915 version? ==

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Different countries have different rules for the ISM band for LoRa. Although the LoRa chip can support a wide range of Frequencies, we provide different versions of the hardware for best tune of the LoRa hardware part.

)))

== 6.2 What is the frequency range of LT LoRa part? ? ==

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Different LT version supports different frequency range, below is the table for the working frequency and recommend bands for each model:

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[[image:image-20220627155456-9.png]]

== 6.3 How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region? ==

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You can follow the instructions for [[how to upgrade image>>path:#3ygebqi]].

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When downloading the images, choose the required image file for download.

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== 6.4 Can I use Private LoRa protocol? ==

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The stock firmware is based on LoRaWAN protocol. You can use a private LoRa protocol in LSN50. This section describes an example for base LoRa transfer. It is a reference/demo and we do not provide further software development support on this topic.

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In this demo, we will show the communication between LoRa Shield and LSN50, both of them using the basic LoRa library. LSN50 will send a message to a LoRa Shield and the LoRa Shield will print it to the console.

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(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LoRa Shield + UNO**:

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Use the [[LoRa Library>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/Arduino/&file=LoRa.zip]] and upload the [[LoRa Receive>>http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/Arduino/LoRaReceiver.ino]] Sketch to Arduino.

Refs:

[[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/Arduino/&file=LoRa.zip>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/Arduino/&file=LoRa.zip]]

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[[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/Arduino/LoRaReceiver.ino>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/Arduino/LoRaReceiver.ino]]

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Open the serial monitor to Arduino. The device acts as a LoRa Receiver and listen on the frequency 868.3Mhz by default.

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(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LSN50**:

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Use the <[[LoRa RAW code>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/LSN50/&file=lora_send.zip]]> . The project file is in: MDK-ARM\STM32L072CZ-Nucleo\ Lora.uvprojx

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[[Compile>>path:#19c6y18]] it and [[Upload>>path:#3ygebqi]] it to LSN50, the LSN50 will transfer on the frequency 868.3Mhz.

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In the Arduino Console, it will see the received packets as below.

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[[image:image-20220627160116-10.png]]

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== 6.5 How to set up LSN50 to work in 8 channel mode ==

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By default, the frequency bands US915, AU915, CN470 work in 72 frequencies. Many gateways are 8 channel gateways, and in this case, the OTAA join time and uplink schedule is long and unpredictable while the end node is hopping in 72 frequencies.

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You can configure the end node to work in 8 channel mode by using the AT+CHE command. The 500kHz channels are always included for OTAA.

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For example, in (% style="color:blue" %)**US915**(%%) band, the frequency table is as below. By default, the end node will use all channels (0~~71) for OTAA Join process. After the OTAA Join, the end node will use these all channels (0~~71) to send uplink packets.

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[[image:image-20220627160940-13.png]]

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When you use the TTN V3 network, the US915 frequency bands use are:

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* 903.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

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* 904.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

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* 904.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

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* 904.5 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

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* 904.7 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

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* 904.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

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* 905.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

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* 905.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

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* 904.6 - SF8BW500

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Because the end node is now hopping in 72 frequency, it makes it difficult for the devices to Join the TTN V3 network and uplink data. To solve this issue, you can access the device via the AT commands and run:

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(% style="color:blue" %)**AT+CHE=2**

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(% style="color:blue" %)**ATZ**

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to set the end node to work in 8 channel mode. The device will work in Channel 8-15 & 64-71 for OTAA, and channel 8-15 for Uplink.

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The (% style="color:blue" %)**AU915**(%%) band is similar. Below are the AU915 Uplink Channels.

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[[image:image-20220627161124-14.png]]

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== 6.6 How to set up LSN50 to work with Single Channel Gateway such as LG01/LG02? ==

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In this case, users need to set LSN50 to work in ABP mode and transmit in only one frequency.

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Assume we have a LG02 working in the frequency 868400000 now, below is the steps.

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step1: **(%%)Log in TTN V3, Create an ABP device in the application and input the network session key (NETSKEY), app session key (APPSKEY) from the device.

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[[image:image-20220627160542-11.png]]

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(% style="color:red" %)Note: You need to make sure the above three keys match in the device and in TTN V3. You can change them either in TTN V3 or in the Device to make them match. In TTN V3, NETSKEY and APPSKEY can be configured in the setting page, but the Device Addr is generated by TTN V3.

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You can also change the Device ADDR in TTN V3 by using the [[The Things Network CLI>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/network/cli/quick-start.html]].

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step2: **(%%)Run AT commands to make the LSN50 work in Single frequency and ABP mode. Below are the AT commands:

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(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+FDR(%%) Reset Parameters to Factory Default, Keys Reserve

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(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+NJM=0(%%) Set to ABP mode

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(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+ADR=0(%%) Set the Adaptive Data Rate Off

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(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+DR=5(%%) Set Data Rate (Set AT+DR=3 for 915 band)

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(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+TDC=300000(%%) Set transmit interval to 5 minutes

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(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+CHS=868400000(%%) Set transmit frequency to 868.4Mhz

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(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+DADDR=26 01 1A F1(%%) Set Device Address to 26 01 1A F1

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(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)ATZ(%%) Reset MCU

As shown below:

[[image:image-20220627160542-12.png]]

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== 6.7 How to configure the EUI keys in LSN50? ==

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The early version of LSN50 firmware doesn't have pre-configured keys.

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It is recommended that you update the image to the latest version before configure the keys. Refer [[upgrade_image>>path:#3ygebqi]] to update the firmware to the latest version.

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Run AT commands to set the keys to desired keys; refer [[AT Command manual>>path:#23ckvvd]].

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= 7. Trouble Shooting =

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== 7.1 Connection problem when uploading firmware. ==

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(% style="color:red" %)**Issue**(%%): While using USB to TTL to upload firmware via UART interface. It works for several times but most of times it fails.

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(% style="color:green" %)**Checklist**:

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~1. Double check if follow up exactly the steps as manual.

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2. Check if hardware works fine: a) check if AT command works, b) check if ISP / flash switch works: PA12 will have different output level while set the ISP/Flash Switch in different position. c) check if reset button works.

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3. If you use Windows10 system. Please change the flash loader to run in Windows7 compatibility mode.

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[[image:image-20220627153421-8.png]]

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4. We have seen cases where the FT232 USB TTL adapter has a reliability issue with the PC USB chipset (Intel). In this case, even though points 1 and 2 above work, it still has a reliability issue for uploading. If this happens, change to a different PC or change the USB to TTL adapter to solve the issue.

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== 7.2 Why I can't join TTN V3 in US915 / AU915 bands? ==

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It is due to channel mapping. Please see the [[Eight Channel Mode>>path:#206ipza]] section above for details.

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7.3 AT Command input doesn't work

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In the case if user can see the console output but can't type input to the device. Please check if you already include the (% style="color:red" %)**ENTER**(%%) while sending out the command. Some serial tool doesn't send (% style="color:red" %)**ENTER**(%%) while press the send key, user need to add ENTER in their string.

= 8. Order Info =

Part Number: (% style="color:blue" %)**LSN50-XX-YY **(%%)**or (% style="color:blue" %)LSN50-XX-YY-ZZ(%%)**

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(% style="color:blue" %)**XX**(%%): The default frequency band

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* (% style="color:red" %)**AS923 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN AS923 band

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* (% style="color:red" %)**AU915 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN AU915 band

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* (% style="color:red" %)**EU433 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN EU433 band

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* (% style="color:red" %)**EU868 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN EU868 band

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* (% style="color:red" %)**KR920 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN KR920 band

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* (% style="color:red" %)**US915 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN US915 band

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* (% style="color:red" %)**IN865 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN IN865 band

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* (% style="color:red" %)**CN470 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN CN470 band

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(% style="color:blue" %)**YY**(%%)**: **Hole Option

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* (% style="color:red" %)**12**(%%): With M12 waterproof cable hole

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* (% style="color:red" %)**16**(%%): With M16 waterproof cable hole

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* (% style="color:red" %)**20**(%%): With M20 waterproof cable hole (LSN50 v2 doesn’t have this version)

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* (% style="color:red" %)**NH**(%%): No Hole

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(% style="color:blue" %)**ZZ**(%%)**: **Battery Option ( Only valid for v2 model)

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* (% style="color:red" %)**4**(%%): with 4000mAh battery

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* (% style="color:red" %)**8**(%%): with 8500mAg battery

= 9. Packing Info =

(% style="color:blue" %)**For LSN50**(%%)**:**

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**Package Includes**:

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* LSN50 LoRa Sensor Node x 1

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**Dimension and weight**:

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* Device Size: 8 x 6.5 x 5 cm

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* Device Weight: 137g

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* Package Size / pcs : 9 x 7 x 6cm

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* Weight / pcs : 160g

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(% style="color:blue" %)**For LSN50 v2**(%%)**:**

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**Package Includes**:

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* LSN50 v2 LoRa Sensor Node x 1

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* External antenna x 1

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* Spring Antenna (evaluate purpose)

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**Dimension and weight**:

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* Device Size: 9.7 x 6.5 x 4.7 cm

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* Device Weight: 150g

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* Package Size / pcs : 14.0 x 8x 5 cm

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* Weight / pcs : 180g

(((

)))

= 10. Support =

* Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8. Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before-mentioned schedule.

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* Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to [[support@dragino.com>>url:http://../../../../../../D:%5C%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99%5C%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A6%5CLoRa%5CLT%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%5Csupport@dragino.com]].

= 11. References =

* [[Product Page>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora/item/128-lsn50.html]]

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* [[Data Sheet>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/EN/&file=Datasheet_LoRaSensorNode.pdf]]

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* [[Image Download>>url:https://github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/LSN50.hex]]

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* [[Mechanical Drawing>>http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Mechanical_Drawing/]]

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Wiki source code of LSN50 & LSN50-V2 - LoRaWAN Sensor Node User Manual

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