LSN50 & LSN50-V2 - LoRaWAN Sensor Node User Manual

(% style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]]

20

)))

21

= 1. Introduction =

== 1.1 What is LSN50 LoRa Sensor Node ==

(((

(((

LSN50 is a Long Range LoRaWAN Sensor Node. It is designed for (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**outdoor data logging **(%%)and powered by (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Li/SOCl2 battery**(%%) for long term use and secure data transmission. It is designed to facilitate developers to quickly deploy industrial level LoRa and IoT solutions. It helps users to turn the idea into a practical application and make the Internet of Things a reality. It is easy to program, create and connect your things everywhere.

)))

(((

It is based on SX1276/SX1278 allows the user to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data-rates. It provides ultra-long range spread spectrum communication and high interference immunity whilst minimizing current consumption. It targets professional wireless sensor network applications such as irrigation systems, smart metering, smart cities, smartphone detection, building automation, and so on.

)))

(((

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LSN50**(%%) uses STM32l0x chip from ST, STML0x is the (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**ultra-low-power**(%%) STM32L072xx microcontrollers incorporate the connectivity power of the universal serial bus (USB 2.0 crystal-less) with the high-performance ARM® Cortex®-M0+ 32-bit RISC core operating at a 32 MHz frequency, a memory protection unit (MPU), high-speed embedded memories (192 Kbytes of Flash program memory, 6 Kbytes of data EEPROM and 20 Kbytes of RAM) plus an extensive range of enhanced I/Os and peripherals.

)))

(((

LSN50 is an (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**open source product**(%%), it is based on the STM32Cube HAL drivers and lots of libraries can be found in ST site for rapid development.

)))

)))

[[image:1656294562709-486.png]]

== 1.2 Specifications ==

62

63

64

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Micro Controller:**

* STM32L072CZT6 MCU

* MCU: STM32L072CZT6

* Flash: 192KB

* RAM: 20KB

* EEPROM: 6KB

* Clock Speed: 32Mhz

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Common DC Characteristics:**

74

75

* Supply Voltage: 2.1v ~~ 3.6v

76

* Operating Temperature: -40 ~~ 85°C

77

* I/O pins: Refer to STM32L072 datasheet

78

79

(% style="color:#037691" %)**LoRa Spec:**

* Frequency Range,

** Band 1 (HF): 862 ~~ 1020 Mhz

or

*

** Band 2 (LF): 410 ~~ 528 Mhz

89

* 168 dB maximum link budget.

90

* +20 dBm - 100 mW constant RF output vs.

91

* +14 dBm high efficiency PA.

92

* Programmable bit rate up to 300 kbps.

93

* High sensitivity: down to -148 dBm.

94

* Bullet-proof front end: IIP3 = -12.5 dBm.

95

* Excellent blocking immunity.

96

* Low RX current of 10.3 mA, 200 nA register retention.

97

* Fully integrated synthesizer with a resolution of 61 Hz .

98

* FSK, GFSK, MSK, GMSK, LoRaTM and OOK modulation.

99

* Built-in bit synchronizer for clock recovery.

100

* Preamble detection.

101

* 127 dB Dynamic Range RSSI.

102

* Automatic RF Sense and CAD with ultra-fast AFC.

103

* Packet engine up to 256 bytes with CRC.

104

* LoRaWAN 1.0.2 Specification

105

106

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Battery:**

107

108

* Li/SOCI2 un-chargeable battery

109

* Capacity: 4000mAh

110

* Self Discharge: <1% / Year @ 25°C

111

* Max continuously current: 130mA

112

* Max boost current: 2A, 1 second

113

114

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Power Consumption**

115

116

* STOP Mode: 2.7uA @ 3.3v

117

* LoRa Transmit Mode: 125mA @ 20dBm 44mA @ 14dBm

== 1.3 Features ==

* LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Class A, Class C

122

* STM32L072CZT6 MCU

123

* SX1276/78 Wireless Chip

124

* Pre-load bootloader on USART1/USART2

125

* MDK-ARM Version 5.24a IDE

126

* I2C, LPUSART1, USB, SPI2

127

* 3x12bit ADC, 1x12bit DAC

* 20xDigital I/Os

* LoRa™ Modem

* Preamble detection

* Baud rate configurable

132

* CN470/EU433/KR920/US915/IN865

133

* EU868/AS923/AU915

134

* Open-source hardware / software

135

* Available Band:433/868/915/920 Mhz

136

* IP66 Waterproof Enclosure

137

* Ultra-Low Power consumption

138

* AT Commands to change parameters

139

* 4000mAh or 8500mAh Battery for long term use。

140

141

== 1.4 Applications ==

142

143

* Smart Buildings & Home Automation

144

* Logistics and Supply Chain Management

* Smart Metering

* Smart Agriculture

* Smart Cities

* Smart Factory

(% title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]][[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)(%%)

== 1.5 Pin Definitions and Switch ==

155

156

(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)

157

[[image:1656295519542-152.png||height="413" width="728"]]

158

159

160

(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)

161

[[image:1656295532863-613.png||height="371" width="721"]]

162

163

164

(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)

165

[[image:image-20220627101527-1.png]]

166

167

(% class="wikigeneratedid" style="display:none" %)

=== 1.5.1 Jumper JP2 ===

172

173

Power on Device when put this jumper.

174

175

176

=== 1.5.2 BOOT MODE / SW1 ===

177

178

(((

179

~1. ISP: upgrade mode, device won't have any signal in this mode. but ready for upgrade firmware. LED won't work. Firmware won't run.

)))

(((

2. Flash: work mode, device starts to work and send out console output for further debug

)))

=== 1.5.3 Reset Button ===

188

189

Press to reboot the device.

=== 1.5.4 LED ===

It will flash:

1. When boot the device in flash mode

197

1. Send an uplink packet

198

199

=== 1.6 Hardware Change log ===

200

201

Note: Hardware version is marked in the PCB.

**LSN50 v2.1:**

1. Change R14 to 1M ohm

206

1. Change R3, R4 to 4.7Kohm. So no need to modify them for 3 DS18B20 connection.

207

1. Add ESD to each I/O

**LSN50 v2.0:**

* Change to a new enclosure. Improve with external antenna, IP68, ear hook.

**LSN50 v1.3**:

* Add P-MOS to control 5V output

**LSN50 v1.2**:

* Add LED. Turn on for every LoRa transmit

220

* Add pin PA4, PB13, NRST

221

* Add 5V Output, on/off control by PB5(Low to Enable, High to Disable)

222

223

== (% id="cke_bm_478801S" style="display:none" %) (%%)1.7 Hole Option ==

224

225

The LSN50 provides different hole size options for different size sensor cable. The options provided are M12, M16 and M20. The definition is as below:

226

227

[[image:image-20220627104757-1.png]]

228

229

230

[[image:1656298089706-973.png]]

= 2. Use LSN50 with LoRaWAN firmware =

235

236

== 2.1 How it works ==

(((

(((

The LSN50 is pre-loaded with a firmware and is configured as LoRaWAN OTAA Class A mode by default. It has OTAA keys to join LoRaWAN network. To connect a local LoRaWAN network, you just need to input the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN IoT server and power on the LSN50. It will automatically join the network via OTAA.

)))

(((

)))

(((

The diagram below shows the working flow in default firmware (ver 1.7.0):

)))

[[image:image-20220627104855-2.png]]

253

254

255

In case you can't set the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN OTAA server, and you have to use the keys from the server, you can [[use AT Commands>>doc:Main.End Device AT Commands and Downlink Command.WebHome]] to set the keys in the LSN50.

)))

== 2.2 Quick guide to connect to LoRaWAN server (OTAA) ==

260

261

(((

262

Following is an example for how to join the [[TTN V3 LoRaWAN Network>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]]. Below is the network structure; we use the [[LG308>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora/item/140-lg308.html]] as a LoRaWAN gateway in this example.

263

264

(% style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]][[image:1655891470063-521.png]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)[[image:1656298385089-555.png]]

)))

(% title="Click and drag to resize" %)(%%)The LG308 is already set to connected to [[TTN V3 network >>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]], so what we need to now is configure the TTN V3 server.(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]][[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)(%%)

(((

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1**(%%): Create a device in TTN with the OTAA keys from LSN50.

275

276

Each LSN50is shipped with a sticker with the default device EUI as below:

)))

(((

)))

(% aria-label="image-20220607170145-1.jpeg image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220607170145-1.jpeg||data-widget="image"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]][[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)(%%)

(((

You can enter this key in the LoRaWAN Server portal. Below is TTN screen shot:

288

289

**Register the device：**

290

)))

291

292

(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="1654935135620-998.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:1654935135620-998.png||data-widget="image"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](%%)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% title="Click and drag to resize" %)

293

294

(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% title="Click and drag to resize" %)

295

296

297

**Add APP EUI and DEV EUI：**

298

299

300

(% aria-label="image-20220611161308-4.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220611161308-4.png||data-widget="image" height="551" width="753"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)

**Add APP EUI in the application：**

305

306

307

(% aria-label="image-20220611161308-5.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220611161308-5.png||data-widget="image" height="601" width="742"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)

**Add APP KEY**

(% aria-label="image-20220611161308-6.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220611161308-6.png||data-widget="image" height="485" width="744"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)

313

314

(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)

315

316

(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]][[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)(%%)

317

318

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2**(%%): Power on LSN50

319

320

Put a Jumper on JP2 to power on the device.(% style="display:none" %)

321

322

[[image:image-20220627145643-5.png]](% style="display:none" %)

323

324

(% style="display:none" %)

325

326

327

(% style="display:none" %) (%%)

**For LSn50v2:**

[[image:1656313034748-905.png]](% style="display:none" %)

332

333

334

(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(%%)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]][[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)(%%)

(((

(((

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 3**(%%)**:** The LSN50 will auto join to the TTN V3 network. After join success, it will start to upload messages to TTN V3 and you can see the messages in the panel.

)))

)))

(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% title="Click and drag to resize" %)[[image:1656312908855-552.png]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]]

343

344

(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% title="Click and drag to resize" %)

345

346

347

== 2.3 Working Mode & Uplink Payload ==

348

349

LSN50 has different working mode for the connections of different type of sensors. This section describes these modes. Use can use the AT Command AT+MOD to set LSN50 to different working modes.

For example:

(% style="color:red" %)**AT+MOD=2**(%%) ~/~/ will set the LSN50 to work in MOD=2 distance mode which target to measure distance via Ultrasonic Sensor.

354

355

356

(% style="color:red" %)**NOTE:**

357

358

(% style="color:red" %)1. Some working modes has payload more than 12 bytes, The US915/AU915/AS923 frequency bands’ definition has maximum 11 bytes in **DR0**. Server sides will see NULL payload while LSn50 transmit in DR0 with 12 bytes payload.

359

2. All modes share the same Payload Explanation from HERE.

360

3. By default, the device will send an uplink message every 5 minutes.

361

362

(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:400px" %)

363

|=(% style="width: 62.5px;" %)(((

364

**Size (bytes)**

365

366

|(% style="width:65px" %)**Value**|(((

367

[[Battery>>||anchor="HBattery:"]]

368

)))|(% style="width:61px" %)(((

369

ignore

370

)))|(% style="width:91px" %)(((

371

[[Alarm Flag>>||anchor="HAlarmFlag26MOD:"]]

372

)))|(% style="width:99px" %)(((

373

[[Temperature>>||anchor="HTemperature:"]]

374

)))|(% style="width:97px" %)(((

375

[[Humidity>>||anchor="HHumidity:"]]

376

)))

377

378

=== 2.3.1 MOD~=1 (Default Mode) ===

379

380

(((

381

In this mode, uplink payload includes in total 11 bytes. Uplink packets use FPORT=2.

382

[[image:image-20220627171207-27.png]]

383

384

[[image:image-20220627150949-6.png]]

)))

=== 2.3.2 MOD~=2 (Distance Mode) ===

391

392

This mode is target to measure the distance. The payload of this mode is totally 11 bytes. The 8^^th^^ and 9^^th^^ bytes is for the distance.

393

394

[[image:image-20220627180835-31.png]]

395

396

397

[[image:1656324539647-568.png]]

Connection of LIDAR-Lite V3HP:

402

403

[[image:1656324581381-162.png]]

404

405

406

Connection to Ultrasonic Sensor:

407

408

[[image:1656324598488-204.png]]

409

410

411

For the connection to TF-Mini or TF-Luna , MOD2 payload is as below:

412

413

[[image:image-20220628083801-1.png]]

414

415

[[image:1656376779088-686.png]]

416

417

418

Connection to [[TF-Mini plus>>url:http://en.benewake.com/product/detail/5c345cd0e5b3a844c472329b.html]] LiDAR(UART version):

419

420

Need to remove R3 and R4 resistors to get low power. Since firmware v1.7.0

421

422

[[image:1656376795715-436.png]]

Connection to [[TF-Luna>>url:http://en.benewake.com/product/detail/5e1c1fd04d839408076b6255.html]] LiDAR (UART version):

427

428

Need to remove R3 and R4 resistors to get low power. Since firmware v1.7.0

429

430

[[image:1656376865561-355.png]]

(((

Please use firmware version > 1.6.5 when use MOD=2, in this firmware version, user can use LSn50 v1 to power the ultrasonic sensor directly and with low power consumption.

)))

=== 2.3.3 MOD~=3 (3 ADC + I2C) ===

440

441

442

This mode has total 12 bytes. Include 3 x ADC + 1x I2C

443

444

[[image:image-20220628085009-2.png]]

445

446

[[image:1656377431497-975.png]]

=== 2.3.4 MOD~=4 (3 x DS18B20) ===

451

452

453

This mode is supported in firmware version since v1.6.1. Software set to AT+MOD=4

454

455

Hardware connection is as below,

456

457

(% style="color:red" %)**(Note:**

458

459

* In hardware version v1.x and v2.0 , R3 & R4 should change from 10k to 4.7k ohm to support the other 2 x DS18B20 probes.

460

* In hardware version v2.1 no need to change R3 , R4, by default, they are 4.7k ohm already.

461

462

See [[here>>path:#hardware_changelog]] for hardware changelog.

463

464

(% style="color:red" %)**) **

465

466

[[image:1656377461619-156.png]]

467

468

469

This mode has total 11 bytes. As shown below:

470

471

[[image:image-20220628085248-3.png]]

472

473

[[image:1656377606181-607.png]]

474

475

476

=== 2.3.5 MOD~=5(Weight Measurement by HX711) ===

477

478

479

This mode is supported in firmware version since v1.6.2. Please use v1.6.5 firmware version so user no need to use extra LDO for connection.

480

481

[[image:1656378224664-860.png]]

482

483

484

Each HX711 need to be calibrated before used. User need to do below two steps:

485

486

1. Zero calibration. Don’t put anything on load cell and run **AT+WEIGRE** to calibrate to Zero gram.

487

1. Adjust calibration factor (default value 400): Put a known weight thing on load cell and run **AT+WEIGAP** to adjust the Calibration Factor.

For example:

**AT+WEIGAP =403.0**

Response: Weight is 401 g

495

496

497

Check the response of this command and adjust the value to match the real value for thing.

(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:726px" %)

502

503

|(% style="width:97px" %)**Value**|(% style="width:44px" %)[[BAT>>path:#BAT]]|(% style="width:172px" %)(((

504

[[Temperature(DS18B20)>>path:#DS18B20]]

505

)))|(% style="width:51px" %)[[ADC>>path:#ADC]]|(% style="width:206px" %)[[Digital in & Digital Interrupt>>path:#Digtial_input]]|(% style="width:72px" %)Weight|(% style="width:81px" %)Reserved

506

507

[[image:1656378323863-824.png]]

=== 2.3.6 MOD~=6(Counting Mode, Since firmware v1.6.5) ===

(((

In this mode, the device will work in counting mode. It counts the interrupt on the interrupt pins and sends the count on TDC time.

)))

(((

Connection is as below. The PIR sensor is a count sensor, it will generate interrupt when people come close or go away. User can replace the PIR sensor with other counting sensors.

)))

[[image:1656378351863-572.png]]

525

526

**Note:** LoRaWAN wireless transmission will infect the PIR sensor. Which cause the counting value increase +1 for every uplink. User can change PIR sensor or put sensor away of the LSN50 to avoid this happen.

527

528

529

(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:522px" %)

530

531

|(% style="width:98px" %)**Value**|(% style="width:45px" %)[[BAT>>path:#BAT]]|(% style="width:177px" %)(((

532

[[Temperature(DS18B20)>>path:#DS18B20]]

533

)))|(% style="width:52px" %)[[ADC>>path:#ADC]]|(% style="width:85px" %)[[Digital in>>path:#Digtial_input]]|(% style="width:62px" %)Count

534

535

[[image:1656378441509-171.png]]

=== 2.3.7 Decode payload in The Things Network ===

540

541

While using TTN V3 network, you can add the payload format to decode the payload.

542

543

544

[[image:1656378466788-734.png]]

545

546

547

The payload decoder function for TTN V3 are here:

548

549

LSN50 TTN V3 Payload Decoder: [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LSN50-LoRaST/Payload_decoder/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LSN50-LoRaST/Payload_decoder/]]

550

551

552

(% style="display:none" %) (%%)

553

554

== 2.4 Payload Explanation and Sensor Interface ==

555

556

=== 2.4.1 Battery Info ===

557

558

Check the battery voltage for LSN50.

Ex1: 0x0B45 = 2885mV

Ex2: 0x0B49 = 2889mV

=== 2.4.2 Temperature (DS18B20) ===

567

568

If there is a DS18B20 connected to PB3 pin. The temperature will be uploaded in the payload.

569

570

571

More DS18B20 can check the [[3 DS18B20 mode>>path:#ds18b20_3]]

**Connection**

[[image:1656378573379-646.png]]

**Example**:

If payload is: 0105H: (0105 & FC00 == 0), temp = 0105H /10 = 26.1 degree

582

583

If payload is: FF3FH : (FF3F & FC00 == 1) , temp = (FF3FH - 65536)/10 = -19.3 degrees.

=== 2.4.3 Digital Input ===

588

589

The digital input for pin PA12,

590

591

* When PA12 is high, the bit 1 of payload byte 6 is 1.

592

* When PA12 is low, the bit 1 of payload byte 6 is 0.

593

594

595

=== 2.4.4 Analogue Digital Converter (ADC) ===

596

597

The ADC pins in LSN50 can measure range from 0~~3.3v, it use reference voltage from STM32. If user need to measure a voltage >3.3v, please use resistors to divide this voltage to lower than 3.3v, otherwise, it may destroy the ADC pin.

598

599

600

The ADC monitors the voltage on the PA0 line, in mV.

Ex: 0x021F = 543mv,

**Example1:** Reading an Oil Sensor (Read a resistance value):

606

607

[[image:image-20220627172409-28.png]]

608

609

610

In the LSN50, we can use PB4 and PA0 pin to calculate the resistance for the oil sensor.

611

612

613

(% style="color:blue" %)**Steps:**

614

615

1. Solder a 10K resistor between PA0 and VCC.

616

1. Screw oil sensor's two pins to PA0 and PB4.

617

618

The equipment circuit is as below:

619

620

[[image:image-20220627172500-29.png]]

621

622

623

According to above diagram:

624

625

[[image:image-20220628091043-4.png]]

So

[[image:image-20220628091344-6.png]]

630

631

632

[[image:image-20220628091621-8.png]] is the reading of ADC. So if ADC=0x05DC=0.9 v and VCC (BAT) is 2.9v

633

634

635

The [[image:image-20220628091702-9.png]] 4.5K ohm

636

637

Since the Bouy is linear resistance from 10 ~~ 70cm.

638

639

640

The position of Bouy is [[image:image-20220628091824-10.png]] , from the bottom of Bouy.

=== 2.4.5 Digital Interrupt ===

645

646

Digital Interrupt refers to pin PB14, and there are different trigger methods. When there is a trigger, the LSN50 will send a packet to the server.

(((

Interrupt connection method:

651

)))

652

653

[[image:1656379178634-321.png]]

654

655

656

**Example to use with door sensor **

657

(Requires firmware > 1.5.1)

658

659

660

The door sensor is shown at right. It is a two wire magnetic contact switch used for detecting the open/close status of doors or windows.

661

662

[[image:1656379210849-860.png]]

663

664

665

When the two pieces are close to each other, the 2 wire output will be short or open (depending on the type), while if the two pieces are away from each other, the 2 wire output will be the opposite status. So we can use LSN50 interrupt interface to detect the status for the door or window.

666

667

668

Below is the installation example:

669

670

Fix one piece of the magnetic sensor to the door and connect the two pins to LSN50 as follows:

671

672

* One pin to LSN50's PB14 pin

673

* The other pin to LSN50's VCC pin

674

675

Install the other piece to the door. Find a place where the two pieces will be close to each other when the door is closed. For this particular magnetic sensor, when the door is closed, the output will be short, and PB14 will be at the VCC voltage.

676

677

678

Door sensors have two types: ** (% style="color:#4472c4" %)NC (Normal close)(%%)** and (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**NO (normal open)**(%%). The connection for both type sensors are the same. But the decoding for payload are reverse, user need to modify this in the IoT Server decoder.

679

680

When door sensor is shorted, there will extra power consumption in the circuit, the extra current is 3v3/R14 = 3v2/1Mohm = 0.3uA which can be ignored.

681

682

683

[[image:1656379283019-229.png]]

(((

The above photos shows the two parts of the magnetic switch fitted to a door.

)))

(((

The software by default uses the falling edge on the signal line as an interrupt. We need to modify it to accept both the rising edge (0v ~-~-> VCC , door close) and the falling edge (VCC ~-~-> 0v , door open) as the interrupt.

)))

The command is:

(% style="color:blue" %)**AT+INTMOD=1 **(%%)** ~/~/(more info about INMOD please refer **[[**AT Command Manual**>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/&file=DRAGINO_LSN50_AT_Commands_v1.5.1.pdf]]**. )**

699

700

701

Below shows some screen captures in TTN V3:

702

703

704

[[image:1656379339508-835.png]]

705

706

707

In MOD=1, user can use byte 6 to see the status for door open or close. TTN V3 decoder is as below:

708

709

door= (bytes[6] & 0x80)? "CLOSE":"OPEN";

710

711

712

(% style="color:red" %)**Notice for hardware version LSN50 v1 < v1.3**(%%) (produced before 2018-Nov).

713

714

In this hardware version, there is no R14 resistance solder. When use the latest firmware, it should set AT+INTMOD=0 to close the interrupt. If user need to use Interrupt in this hardware version, user need to solder R14 with 10M resistor and C1 (0.1uF) on board.

715

716

[[image:1656379563303-771.png]]

=== 2.4.6 I2C Interface (SHT20) ===

721

722

The PB6(SDA) and PB7(SCK) are I2C interface lines. You can use these to connect to an I2C device and get the sensor data.

723

724

We have made an example to show how to use the I2C interface to connect to the SHT20 Temperature and Humidity Sensor. This is supported in the stock firmware since v1.5 with (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**AT+MOD=1 (default value).**

725

726

Below is the connection to SHT20.

727

728

729

[[image:1656379593307-549.png]]

730

731

732

The device will be able to get the I2C sensor data now and upload to IoT Server.

733

734

735

[[image:1656379664142-345.png]]

736

737

Convert the read byte to decimal and divide it by ten.

**Example:**

Temperature: Read:0116(H) = 278(D) Value: 278 /10=27.8℃;

743

744

Humidity: Read:0248(H)=584(D) Value: 584 / 10=58.4, So 58.4%

745

746

747

If you want to use other I2C device, please refer the SHT20 part source code as reference.

=== 2.4.7 Distance Reading ===

752

753

Refer [[Ultrasonic Sensor section>>path:#Ultrasonic_Sensor]].

754

755

756

=== 2.4.8 Ultrasonic Sensor ===

757

758

The LSN50 v1.5 firmware supports ultrasonic sensor (with AT+MOD=2) such as SEN0208 from DF-Robot. This Fundamental Principles of this sensor can be found at this link: [[https:~~/~~/wiki.dfrobot.com/Weather_-_proof_Ultrasonic_Sensor_with_Separate_Probe_SKU~~_~~__SEN0208>>url:https://wiki.dfrobot.com/Weather_-_proof_Ultrasonic_Sensor_with_Separate_Probe_SKU___SEN0208]]

759

760

761

The LSN50 detects the pulse width of the sensor and converts it to mm output. The accuracy will be within 1 centimeter. The usable range (the distance between the ultrasonic probe and the measured object) is between 24cm and 600cm.

762

763

764

The picture below shows the connection:

765

766

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.png]]

Connect to the LSN50 and run **AT+MOD=2** to switch to ultrasonic mode (ULT).

771

772

The ultrasonic sensor uses the 8^^th^^ and 9^^th^^ byte for the measurement value.

**Example:**

Distance: Read:0C2D(Hex) = 3117(D) Value: 3117 mm=311.7 cm

778

779

780

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image030.png]]

781

782

783

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image031.png]]

You can see the serial output in ULT mode as below:

788

789

790

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image032.png]]

In TTN V3 server:

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image030.png]]

797

798

799

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image031.png]]

800

801

802

=== 2.4.9 +5V Output ===

803

804

Since v1.2 hardware version, a +5v output is added in the hardware. The +5V output will be valid for every sampling. LSN50 will enable +5V output before all sampling and disable the +5v after all sampling.

805

806

807

Since firmware **v1.6.3**, The 5V output time can be controlled by AT Command.

**AT+5VT=1000**

Means set 5V valid time to have 1000ms. So the real 5V output will actually have 1000ms + sampling time for other sensors.

812

813

814

By default the AT+5VT=500. If the external sensor which require 5v and require more time to get stable state, user can use this command to increase the power ON duration for this sensor.

=== 2.4.10 Weigh Sensor HX711 ===

820

821

Since v1.6.2 firmware, LSN50 support Weigh Sensor HX711.

822

823

824

=== 2.4.11 BH1750 Illumination Sensor ===

825

826

Since v1.7.0 firmware, MOD=1 support this sensor. The sensor value is in the 8^^th^^ and 9^^th^^ bytes.

827

828

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image033.jpg]]

829

830

831

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image034.png]]

=== 2.4.12 Working MOD ===

836

837

The working MOD info is contained in the Digital in & Digital Interrupt byte (7^^th^^ Byte).

838

839

840

User can use the 3^^rd^^ ~~ 7^^th^^ bit of this byte to see the working mod:

841

842

843

Case 7^^th^^ Byte >> 2 & 0x1f:

* 0: MOD1

* 1: MOD2

* 2: MOD3

* 3: MOD4

* 4:MOD5

* 5:MOD6

== 2.5 Configure LSN50 via AT or Downlink ==

853

854

User can configure LSN50 via [[AT Commands >>path:#_Using_the_AT]]or LoRaWAN Downlink Commands

855

856

There are two kinds of Commands:

857

858

* (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Common Commands**(%%): They should be available for each sensor, such as: change uplink interval, reset device. For firmware v1.7.0, user can find what common commands it supports: http:~/~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_AT_Commands_and_Downlink_Commands

859

860

* (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Sensor Related Commands**(%%): These commands are special designed for LSN50. User can see these commands below:

861

862

=== 2.5.1 Common Commands: ===

863

864

865

They should be available for each of Dragino Sensors, such as: change uplink interval, reset device. For firmware v1.7.0, user can find what common commands it supports: http:~/~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_AT_Commands_and_Downlink_Commands

866

867

868

=== 2.5.2 Sensor related commands: ===

869

870

871

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Set work mode:**

872

873

* (% style="color:#037691" %)AT Command:

874

875

AT+MOD=2 ~/~/ Set work MOD =2. (1:IIC mode,2:Distance mode,3:3ADC mode, 4:3DS18B20 mode,5:weight mode)

876

877

AT+MOD=? ~/~/ Get current work MOD

878

879

880

* (% style="color:#037691" %)Downlink Payload:

881

882

0x0A aa ~/~/ Same as AT+MOD=aa

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Set the trigger interrupt mode:**

887

888

* (% style="color:#037691" %)AT Command:

889

890

AT+INTMOD=2 ~/~/ Set INTMOD =2. (0:Disable,1:falling or rising,2:falling,3:rising)

891

892

AT+INTMOD=? ~/~/ Get current INTMOD

893

894

895

* (% style="color:#037691" %)Downlink Payload:

896

897

0x06 000003 ~/~/ Set AT+INTMOD=3

898

899

900

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Set the 5V power open time during sampling:**

901

902

903

* (% style="color:#037691" %)AT Command:

904

905

AT+5VT=1000 ~/~/ Set 5v open time to 1000ms

906

907

AT+5VT=? ~/~/ Check current 5v open duration

908

909

910

* (% style="color:#037691" %)Downlink Payload:

911

912

0x07 aa bb ~/~/ Equal AT+5VT=0x(aa bb)

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Set the weight to 0g (Zero Calibration)**

918

919

* (% style="color:#037691" %)AT Command:

920

921

AT+WEIGRE ~/~/ Set the weight to 0g

922

923

924

* (% style="color:#037691" %)Downlink Payload:

925

926

0x08 01 ~/~/ Set the weight to 0g

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Get or Set the GAP Value (calibrate factor) of measurement**

931

932

* (% style="color:#037691" %)AT Command:

933

934

AT+WEIGAP=403.0 ~/~/ Set GAP Value =403.0 (response: Weight: xx g)

935

936

AT+WEIGAP=? ~/~/ Get current GAP Value

937

938

939

* (% style="color:#037691" %)Downlink Payload:

940

941

0x08 02 aa bb ~/~/ Equal to AT+WEIGAP=0x(aa bb)/10

== 2.6 Show Data in Datacake IoT Server ==

950

951

Datacake provides a human friendly interface to show the sensor data, once we have data in TTN V3, we can use Datacake to connect to TTN V3 and see the data in Datacake. Below are the steps:

952

953

954

(% style="color:blue" %)Step 1(%%): Be sure that your device is programmed and properly connected to the network at this time.

955

956

(% style="color:blue" %)Step 2(%%): To configure the Application to forward data to Datacake you will need to add integration. To add the Datacake integration, perform the following steps:

957

958

959

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image035.png]]

960

961

962

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image036.png]]

963

964

965

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image037.png]]

(% style="color:blue" %)Step 3(%%): Create an account or log in Datacake.

970

971

(% style="color:blue" %)Step 4(%%): Search the LSN50 and add DevEUI.

972

973

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image038.png]]

== 2.7 Firmware Change Log ==

978

979

~* [[**Firmware download link**>>url:https://github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/LSN50.hex]]

980

981

[[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Firmware/LSN50.hex/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Firmware/LSN50.hex/]]

982

983

984

**~* Firmware Change Log:**

985

986

[[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Firmware/LSN50.hex/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Firmware/LSN50.hex/]]

== 2.8 Use VDD or +5V to Power External Sensor ==

992

993

User can use VDD or +5V to power external sensor.

994

995

(% style="color:red" %)Note:

996

997

1. VDD is 2.5~~3.3v from the battery + diode, the VDD is always on, so when use VDD to power external sensor, make sure the sensor has a low power consumption in sleep mode ( less 50 uA) to get a long battery life.

998

1. +5V output is only ON when sampling. And MCU will turn off it after sampling. So if sensor can support 5v, +5V out is the best choice. [[See here for more info>>path:#output_5v]].

999

1000

(% style="color:red" %)Note: Always test the actually current pass by the JP2 jumper when connect to a new type of sensor.

== 2.9 Battery Analysis ==

1009

1010

=== 2.9.1 Battery Type ===

1011

1012

The LSN50 battery is a combination of a 4000mAh or 8500mAh Li/SOCI2 Battery and a Super Capacitor. The battery is non-rechargeable battery type with a low discharge rate (<2% per year). This type of battery is commonly used in IoT devices such as water meter.

1013

1014

1015

The battery is designed to last for more than 5 years for the LSN50.

1016

1017

1018

The battery related documents as below:

1019

1020

* [[Battery Dimension>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]],

1021

* [[Lithium-Thionyl Chloride Battery datasheet>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]], [[Tech Spec>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]]

1022

* [[Lithium-ion Battery-Capacitor datasheet>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]], [[Tech Spec>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]]

1023

1024

[[image:image-20220627175349-30.png]]

1025

1026

1027

=== 2.9.2 Power consumption Analyze ===

1028

1029

When connect to different sensors, it is good to test the power consumption with the sensor working. User can remove the [[ON/OFF Jumper>>path:#power_on]] of LSN50, and connect a multimeter between the two pins of this header and measure the current to know the whole system power consumption. Because the sleep mode will have as low as 10uA, at least 4.5 digit multimeter is required to measure this level of current.

1030

1031

A victor VC86E is recommended.

1032

1033

[[image:1656323400306-359.png]]

1034

1035

1036

In a minimum system with DS18B20 and Oil Sensor and default firmware, the power consumption includes:

1037

1038

1039

~1. Deep Sleep (Stop mode) for STM32. ~~ 5uA

1040

1041

2. Sampling current while reading DS18B20 and Oil Sensor

1042

1043

* Oil Sensor sampling time: 200us, current: 0.3mA

1044

* DS18B20 sampling time: 750ms, current: 0.64mA

1045

* Above power should add 8mA CPU power in working mode.

1046

1047

3. LoRaWAN transmit and receive time consumption. The LoRa TX / RX time and power can be found in the [[LoRa calculator tool>>url:https://www.semtech.com/uploads/documents/SX1272LoRaCalculatorSetup1_1.zip]].

1048

1049

1050

In a typical LoRaWAN data transmit. The energy profile is as below:

1051

1052

1053

[[image:1656323450362-299.png]]

1054

1055

In the LoRaWAN protocol, the device will transfer in different LoRa Radio, and have different energy profile in LoRa part. We can calculate the battery life in two cases:

1056

1057

1. Lower power LoRa radio. Device has a good signal to gateway

1058

1. Higher power LoRa radio. Device has a poor signal to gateway

1059

1060

(% style="color:blue" %)**Low Power Case**:

1061

1062

* Radio Parameter: SF7, 125kHz, 20dbm

1063

* Transmit interval: 15 minutes.

1064

* Payload: 8 Bytes.

1065

1066

(% style="color:blue" %)**High Power Case**:

1067

1068

* Radio Parameter: SF10, 125kHz, 20dbm

1069

* Transmit interval: 15 minutes.

1070

* Payload: 8 Bytes.

1071

1072

To simplify the calculation, we can:

1073

1074

* Combine oil sensor and DS18B20 sampling energy together to **751ms@8.64ma**

1075

1076

* Combine the two RX windows together.

1077

1078

There is a [[power consumption tool>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/&file=Battery_Calculator_v1.0.xlsx]] for easy analysis. Below is the analysis result.

1079

1080

1081

[[image:1656323531520-949.png]]

1082

1083

[[image:1656323549994-233.png]]

1084

1085

1086

(% style="color:red" %)Note: Ignore the 18 year result, because the battery has a max 2% discharge per year.

1087

1088

1089

=== 2.9.3 Battery Note ===

1090

1091

(((

1092

The Li-SICO battery is designed for small current / long period application. It is not good to use a high current, short period transmit method. The recommended minimum period for use of this battery is 5 minutes. If you use a shorter period time to transmit LoRa, then the battery life may be decreased.

)))

=== 2.9.4 Replace the battery ===

1097

1098

(((

1099

You can change the battery in the LSN50.The type of battery is not limited as long as the output is between 3v to 3.6v. On the main board, there is a diode (D1) between the battery and the main circuit. If you need to use a battery with less than 3.3v, please remove the D1 and shortcut the two pads of it so there won’t be voltage drop between battery and main board.

)))

(((

The default battery pack of LSN50 includes a ER18505 plus super capacitor. If user can't find this pack locally, they can find ER18505 or equivalence, which will also work in most case. The SPC can enlarge the battery life for high frequency use (update period below 5 minutes).

)))

= 3. Using the AT Commands =

1109

1110

== 3.1 Access AT Commands ==

1111

1112

LSN50 supports AT Command set in the stock firmware. You can use a USB to TTL adapter to connect to LSN50 for using AT command, as below.

1113

1114

1115

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LSN50 v1 UART connection photo**

1116

1117

[[image:image-20220627165424-24.png||height="495" width="486"]]

1118

1119

1120

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LSN50 v2 UART connection photo**

1121

1122

[[image:image-20220627165424-25.png||height="483" width="988"]]

(((

In the PC, you need to set the serial baud rate to (% style="color:green" %)**9600**(%%) to access the serial console for LSN50. LSN50 will output system info once power on as below:

1127

)))

1128

1129

[[image:image-20220627165531-26.png]]

== 3.2 Common AT Command Sequence ==

1134

1135

1136

=== 3.2.1 Multi-channel ABP mode (Use with SX1301/LG308) ===

1137

1138

(% style="color:#037691" %)**If device has not joined network via OTAA:**

1139

1140

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+FDR

1141

1142

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+NJM=0

1143

1144

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)ATZ

1145

1146

1147

(% style="color:#037691" %)**If device already joined network:**

1148

1149

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+NJM=0

1150

1151

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)ATZ

1152

1153

1154

=== 3.2.2 Single-channel ABP mode (Use with LG01/LG02) ===

1155

1156

See [[Sect 6.7>>path:#single_channel_mode]]

= 4. Upload Firmware =

1161

1162

(% style="color:red" %)**Notes**:

1163

1164

* Since image v1.3, the firmware will show version info during boot. If your device doesn't show version info, you may have a very old image version.

1165

* Always run AT+FDR to reset parameters to factory default after an update image.

1166

If the update is from image >= v1.3 to another image version >=v1.3, then the keys will be kept after running AT+FDR.

1167

Otherwise (e.g. from v1.2 to v1.3), AT+FDR may erase the keys.

1168

1169

== 4.1 Upload Firmware via Serial Port ==

1170

1171

The LSN50's AT Command port can be used for firmware upgrade. The hardware connection for upgrade firmware is as below:

1172

1173

1174

[[image:image-20220627163506-18.png||height="426" width="418"]]

1175

1176

1177

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step1**(%%)**:** Download [[flash loader>>url:https://www.st.com/content/st_com/en/products/development-tools/software-development-tools/stm32-software-development-tools/stm32-programmers/flasher-stm32.html]].

1178

1179

1180

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step2**(%%)**:** Download the [[LSN50 Image files>>url:https://github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/LSN50.hex]].

1181

1182

1183

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step3**(%%)**: **Open flashloader; choose the correct COM port to update

1184

1185

[[image:image-20220627163821-19.png]]

1186

1187

1188

[[image:image-20220627163930-20.png||height="450" width="751"]]

1189

1190

1191

[[image:image-20220627164030-21.png||height="459" width="750"]]

1192

1193

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step4**(%%)**: **Switch SW1 back to flash state and push the RESET button.

1194

1195

The LSN50 will then run the new firmware.

1196

1197

1198

== 4.2 Upload Firmware via ST-Link V2 ==

1199

1200

You can use ST-LINK to upgrade firmware into LSN50. The hardware connection for upgrade firmware is as below:

1201

1202

[[image:1656319349131-664.png]]

Connection:

* ST-LINK v2 GND <~-~-> LSN50 GND

1207

* ST-LINK v2 SWCLK <~-~-> LSN50 PA14

1208

* ST-LINK v2 SWDIO <~-~-> LSN50 PA13

1209

* ST-LINK v2 RST <~-~->LSN50 NRST.

1210

1211

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step1:**(%%) Install [[ST-LINK driver>>url:https://www.stmicroelectronics.com.cn/content/st_com/en/products/development-tools/software-development-tools/stm32-software-development-tools/stm32-utilities/stsw-link009.html]] first and then install [[ST-LINK Utility>>url:https://www.st.com/content/st_com/en/products/development-tools/software-development-tools/stm32-software-development-tools/stm32-programmers/stsw-link004.html]]

1212

1213

1214

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step2**(%%): Download the [[LSN50 Image files>>url:https://github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/LSN50.hex]].

1215

1216

1217

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step3:**(%%)** **Open ST-LINK utility, (% style="color:blue" %)**file ~-~-> open file**(%%) to select the image to be upgraded.

1218

1219

1220

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step4:**(%%)** **Click the “(% style="color:blue" %)**Program Verify**”(%%) button on ST-LINK.

1221

1222

1223

[[image:image-20220627164303-22.png]]

1224

1225

1226

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step5:**(%%)** **The led on the ST-LINK adapter will now blinking, and the ST-Link utility will pop up a download window. Click the start button to download the image to LSN50.

1227

1228

1229

(% style="color:red" %)NOTE: If this step fails, ST-LINK can't establish connection to LSN50, please try to swap SWDIO & SWCLK pin. Some ST-LINK v2 devices are incorrectly marked.

1230

1231

1232

[[image:image-20220627164303-23.png]]

= 5. Developer Guide =

1237

1238

(% style="display:none" %)

1239

1240

* Software Source Code Download : [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/STM32CubeExpansion_LRWAN>>https://github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/STM32CubeExpansion_LRWAN]]

1241

* Hardware Source Code Download: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/Lora/tree/master/LSN50>>https://github.com/dragino/Lora/tree/master/LSN50]]

1242

1243

LSN50 is an open source project, developer can use compile their firmware for customized applications. User can get the source code from:

1244

1245

* Software Source Code: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/STM32CubeExpansion_LRWAN>>url:https://github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/STM32CubeExpansion_LRWAN]]

1246

* Hardware Design files: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/Lora/tree/master/LSN50>>url:https://github.com/dragino/Lora/tree/master/LSN50]]

1247

* Compile instruction: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Firmware%20Compile%20Instruction%20~~-~~-%20STM32/>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Firmware%20Compile%20Instruction%20--%20STM32/]]

1248

1249

Use Keil to open project file:

1250

1251

STM32CubeExpansion_LRWAN/Projects/Multi/Applications/LoRa/DRAGINO-LRWAN(AT)/MDK-ARM/STM32L072CZ-Nucleo/Lora.uvprojx

1252

1253

1254

In Keil, you can see what frequency band the code support.

1255

1256

[[image:image-20220627162417-15.png]]

1257

1258

1259

~1. If you want to change frequency, modify the Preprocessor Symbols.

1260

For example, change EU868 to US915

1261

1262

[[image:1656318662202-530.png]]

1263

1264

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.emz]]

2. Compile and build

[[image:image-20220627163212-17.png]]

= 6. FAQ =

== 6.1 Why there is 433/868/915 version? ==

1275

1276

(((

1277

Different countries have different rules for the ISM band for LoRa. Although the LoRa chip can support a wide range of Frequencies, we provide different versions of the hardware for best tune of the LoRa hardware part.

)))

== 6.2 What is the frequency range of LT LoRa part? ? ==

1282

1283

Different LT version supports different frequency range, below is the table for the working frequency and recommend bands for each model:

1284

1285

[[image:image-20220627155456-9.png]]

== 6.3 How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region? ==

1290

1291

You can follow the instructions for [[how to upgrade image>>path:#3ygebqi]].

1292

When downloading the images, choose the required image file for download.

1293

1294

1295

== 6.4 Can I use Private LoRa protocol? ==

(((

(((

The stock firmware is based on LoRaWAN protocol. You can use a private LoRa protocol in LSN50. This section describes an example for base LoRa transfer. It is a reference/demo and we do not provide further software development support on this topic.

)))

(((

In this demo, we will show the communication between LoRa Shield and LSN50, both of them using the basic LoRa library. LSN50 will send a message to a LoRa Shield and the LoRa Shield will print it to the console.

)))

)))

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LoRa Shield + UNO**:

1310

1311

Use the [[LoRa Library>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/Arduino/&file=LoRa.zip]] and upload the [[LoRa Receive>>http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/Arduino/LoRaReceiver.ino]] Sketch to Arduino.

Refs:

[[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/Arduino/&file=LoRa.zip>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/Arduino/&file=LoRa.zip]]

1317

1318

[[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/Arduino/LoRaReceiver.ino>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/Arduino/LoRaReceiver.ino]]

1319

1320

1321

Open the serial monitor to Arduino. The device acts as a LoRa Receiver and listen on the frequency 868.3Mhz by default.

1322

1323

1324

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LSN50**:

1325

1326

Use the <[[LoRa RAW code>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/LSN50/&file=lora_send.zip]]> . The project file is in: MDK-ARM\STM32L072CZ-Nucleo\ Lora.uvprojx

1327

1328

[[Compile>>path:#19c6y18]] it and [[Upload>>path:#3ygebqi]] it to LSN50, the LSN50 will transfer on the frequency 868.3Mhz.

1329

1330

In the Arduino Console, it will see the received packets as below.

1331

1332

1333

[[image:image-20220627160116-10.png]]

1334

1335

1336

== 6.5 How to set up LSN50 to work in 8 channel mode ==

1337

1338

By default, the frequency bands US915, AU915, CN470 work in 72 frequencies. Many gateways are 8 channel gateways, and in this case, the OTAA join time and uplink schedule is long and unpredictable while the end node is hopping in 72 frequencies.

1339

1340

You can configure the end node to work in 8 channel mode by using the AT+CHE command. The 500kHz channels are always included for OTAA.

1341

1342

1343

For example, in (% style="color:blue" %)**US915**(%%) band, the frequency table is as below. By default, the end node will use all channels (0~~71) for OTAA Join process. After the OTAA Join, the end node will use these all channels (0~~71) to send uplink packets.

1344

1345

[[image:image-20220627160940-13.png]]

1346

1347

1348

When you use the TTN V3 network, the US915 frequency bands use are:

1349

1350

* 903.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

1351

* 904.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

1352

* 904.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

1353

* 904.5 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

1354

* 904.7 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

1355

* 904.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

1356

* 905.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

1357

* 905.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

1358

* 904.6 - SF8BW500

1359

1360

Because the end node is now hopping in 72 frequency, it makes it difficult for the devices to Join the TTN V3 network and uplink data. To solve this issue, you can access the device via the AT commands and run:

1361

1362

(% style="color:blue" %)**AT+CHE=2**

1363

1364

(% style="color:blue" %)**ATZ**

1365

1366

1367

to set the end node to work in 8 channel mode. The device will work in Channel 8-15 & 64-71 for OTAA, and channel 8-15 for Uplink.

1368

1369

The (% style="color:blue" %)**AU915**(%%) band is similar. Below are the AU915 Uplink Channels.

1370

1371

[[image:image-20220627161124-14.png]]

1372

1373

1374

== 6.6 How to set up LSN50 to work with Single Channel Gateway such as LG01/LG02? ==

1375

1376

In this case, users need to set LSN50 to work in ABP mode and transmit in only one frequency.

1377

1378

Assume we have a LG02 working in the frequency 868400000 now, below is the steps.

1379

1380

1381

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step1: **(%%)Log in TTN V3, Create an ABP device in the application and input the network session key (NETSKEY), app session key (APPSKEY) from the device.

1382

1383

1384

[[image:image-20220627160542-11.png]]

1385

1386

1387

(% style="color:red" %)Note: You need to make sure the above three keys match in the device and in TTN V3. You can change them either in TTN V3 or in the Device to make them match. In TTN V3, NETSKEY and APPSKEY can be configured in the setting page, but the Device Addr is generated by TTN V3.

1388

You can also change the Device ADDR in TTN V3 by using the [[The Things Network CLI>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/network/cli/quick-start.html]].

1389

1390

1391

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step2: **(%%)Run AT commands to make the LSN50 work in Single frequency and ABP mode. Below are the AT commands:

1392

1393

1394

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+FDR(%%) Reset Parameters to Factory Default, Keys Reserve

1395

1396

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+NJM=0(%%) Set to ABP mode

1397

1398

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+ADR=0(%%) Set the Adaptive Data Rate Off

1399

1400

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+DR=5(%%) Set Data Rate (Set AT+DR=3 for 915 band)

1401

1402

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+TDC=300000(%%) Set transmit interval to 5 minutes

1403

1404

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+CHS=868400000(%%) Set transmit frequency to 868.4Mhz

1405

1406

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+DADDR=26 01 1A F1(%%) Set Device Address to 26 01 1A F1

1407

1408

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)ATZ(%%) Reset MCU

As shown below:

[[image:image-20220627160542-12.png]]

1414

1415

1416

== 6.7 How to configure the EUI keys in LSN50? ==

1417

1418

The early version of LSN50 firmware doesn't have pre-configured keys.

1419

It is recommended that you update the image to the latest version before configure the keys. Refer [[upgrade_image>>path:#3ygebqi]] to update the firmware to the latest version.

1420

1421

Run AT commands to set the keys to desired keys; refer [[AT Command manual>>path:#23ckvvd]].

1422

1423

1424

= 7. Trouble Shooting =

1425

1426

== 7.1 Connection problem when uploading firmware. ==

1427

1428

(% style="color:red" %)**Issue**(%%): While using USB to TTL to upload firmware via UART interface. It works for several times but most of times it fails.

1429

1430

1431

(% style="color:green" %)**Checklist**:

1432

1433

~1. Double check if follow up exactly the steps as manual.

1434

1435

2. Check if hardware works fine: a) check if AT command works, b) check if ISP / flash switch works: PA12 will have different output level while set the ISP/Flash Switch in different position. c) check if reset button works.

1436

1437

3. If you use Windows10 system. Please change the flash loader to run in Windows7 compatibility mode.

1438

1439

1440

[[image:image-20220627153421-8.png]]

1441

1442

4. We have seen cases where the FT232 USB TTL adapter has a reliability issue with the PC USB chipset (Intel). In this case, even though points 1 and 2 above work, it still has a reliability issue for uploading. If this happens, change to a different PC or change the USB to TTL adapter to solve the issue.

1443

1444

1445

== 7.2 Why I can't join TTN V3 in US915 / AU915 bands? ==

1446

1447

It is due to channel mapping. Please see the [[Eight Channel Mode>>path:#206ipza]] section above for details.

1448

1449

1450

7.3 AT Command input doesn't work

1451

1452

In the case if user can see the console output but can't type input to the device. Please check if you already include the (% style="color:red" %)**ENTER**(%%) while sending out the command. Some serial tool doesn't send (% style="color:red" %)**ENTER**(%%) while press the send key, user need to add ENTER in their string.

= 8. Order Info =

Part Number: (% style="color:blue" %)**LSN50-XX-YY **(%%)**or (% style="color:blue" %)LSN50-XX-YY-ZZ(%%)**

1459

1460

1461

(% style="color:blue" %)**XX**(%%): The default frequency band

1462

1463

* (% style="color:red" %)**AS923 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN AS923 band

1464

* (% style="color:red" %)**AU915 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN AU915 band

1465

* (% style="color:red" %)**EU433 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN EU433 band

1466

* (% style="color:red" %)**EU868 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN EU868 band

1467

* (% style="color:red" %)**KR920 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN KR920 band

1468

* (% style="color:red" %)**US915 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN US915 band

1469

* (% style="color:red" %)**IN865 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN IN865 band

1470

* (% style="color:red" %)**CN470 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN CN470 band

1471

1472

(% style="color:blue" %)**YY**(%%)**: **Hole Option

1473

1474

* (% style="color:red" %)**12**(%%): With M12 waterproof cable hole

1475

* (% style="color:red" %)**16**(%%): With M16 waterproof cable hole

1476

* (% style="color:red" %)**20**(%%): With M20 waterproof cable hole (LSN50 v2 doesn’t have this version)

1477

* (% style="color:red" %)**NH**(%%): No Hole

1478

1479

(% style="color:blue" %)**ZZ**(%%)**: **Battery Option ( Only valid for v2 model)

1480

1481

* (% style="color:red" %)**4**(%%): with 4000mAh battery

1482

* (% style="color:red" %)**8**(%%): with 8500mAg battery

= 9. Packing Info =

(% style="color:blue" %)**For LSN50**(%%)**:**

1488

1489

**Package Includes**:

1490

1491

* LSN50 LoRa Sensor Node x 1

1492

1493

**Dimension and weight**:

1494

1495

* Device Size: 8 x 6.5 x 5 cm

1496

* Device Weight: 137g

1497

* Package Size / pcs : 9 x 7 x 6cm

1498

* Weight / pcs : 160g

1499

1500

(% style="color:blue" %)**For LSN50 v2**(%%)**:**

1501

1502

**Package Includes**:

1503

1504

* LSN50 v2 LoRa Sensor Node x 1

1505

* External antenna x 1

1506

* Spring Antenna (evaluate purpose)

1507

1508

**Dimension and weight**:

1509

1510

* Device Size: 9.7 x 6.5 x 4.7 cm

1511

* Device Weight: 150g

1512

* Package Size / pcs : 14.0 x 8x 5 cm

1513

* Weight / pcs : 180g

(((

)))

= 10. Support =

* Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8. Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before-mentioned schedule.

1526

* Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to [[support@dragino.com>>url:http://../../../../../../D:%5C%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99%5C%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A6%5CLoRa%5CLT%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%5Csupport@dragino.com]].

= 11. References =

* [[Product Page>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora/item/128-lsn50.html]]

1531

* [[Data Sheet>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/EN/&file=Datasheet_LoRaSensorNode.pdf]]

1532

* [[Image Download>>url:https://github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/LSN50.hex]]

1533

* [[Mechanical Drawing>>http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Mechanical_Drawing/]]

1534

1535

Wiki source code of LSN50 & LSN50-V2 - LoRaWAN Sensor Node User Manual

Applications

Navigation