LSN50 & LSN50-V2 - LoRaWAN Sensor Node User Manual

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= 1. Introduction =

== 1.1 What is LSN50 LoRa Sensor Node ==

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LSN50 is a Long Range LoRaWAN Sensor Node. It is designed for (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**outdoor data logging **(%%)and powered by (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Li/SOCl2 battery**(%%) for long term use and secure data transmission. It is designed to facilitate developers to quickly deploy industrial level LoRa and IoT solutions. It helps users to turn the idea into a practical application and make the Internet of Things a reality. It is easy to program, create and connect your things everywhere.

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It is based on SX1276/SX1278 allows the user to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data-rates. It provides ultra-long range spread spectrum communication and high interference immunity whilst minimizing current consumption. It targets professional wireless sensor network applications such as irrigation systems, smart metering, smart cities, smartphone detection, building automation, and so on.

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(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LSN50**(%%) uses STM32l0x chip from ST, STML0x is the (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**ultra-low-power**(%%) STM32L072xx microcontrollers incorporate the connectivity power of the universal serial bus (USB 2.0 crystal-less) with the high-performance ARM® Cortex®-M0+ 32-bit RISC core operating at a 32 MHz frequency, a memory protection unit (MPU), high-speed embedded memories (192 Kbytes of Flash program memory, 6 Kbytes of data EEPROM and 20 Kbytes of RAM) plus an extensive range of enhanced I/Os and peripherals.

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LSN50 is an (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**open source product**(%%), it is based on the STM32Cube HAL drivers and lots of libraries can be found in ST site for rapid development.

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[[image:1656294562709-486.png]]

== 1.2 Specifications ==

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Micro Controller:**

* STM32L072CZT6 MCU

* MCU: STM32L072CZT6

* Flash: 192KB

* RAM: 20KB

* EEPROM: 6KB

* Clock Speed: 32Mhz

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Common DC Characteristics:**

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* Supply Voltage: 2.1v ~~ 3.6v

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* Operating Temperature: -40 ~~ 85°C

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* I/O pins: Refer to STM32L072 datasheet

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**LoRa Spec:**

* Frequency Range,

** Band 1 (HF): 862 ~~ 1020 Mhz

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** Band 2 (LF): 410 ~~ 528 Mhz

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* 168 dB maximum link budget.

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* +20 dBm - 100 mW constant RF output vs.

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* +14 dBm high efficiency PA.

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* Programmable bit rate up to 300 kbps.

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* High sensitivity: down to -148 dBm.

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* Bullet-proof front end: IIP3 = -12.5 dBm.

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* Excellent blocking immunity.

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* Low RX current of 10.3 mA, 200 nA register retention.

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* Fully integrated synthesizer with a resolution of 61 Hz .

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* FSK, GFSK, MSK, GMSK, LoRaTM and OOK modulation.

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* Built-in bit synchronizer for clock recovery.

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* Preamble detection.

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* 127 dB Dynamic Range RSSI.

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* Automatic RF Sense and CAD with ultra-fast AFC.

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* Packet engine up to 256 bytes with CRC.

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* LoRaWAN 1.0.2 Specification

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Battery:**

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* Li/SOCI2 un-chargeable battery

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* Capacity: 4000mAh

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* Self Discharge: <1% / Year @ 25°C

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* Max continuously current: 130mA

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* Max boost current: 2A, 1 second

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Power Consumption**

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* STOP Mode: 2.7uA @ 3.3v

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* LoRa Transmit Mode: 125mA @ 20dBm 44mA @ 14dBm

== 1.3 Features ==

* LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Class A, Class C

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* STM32L072CZT6 MCU

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* SX1276/78 Wireless Chip

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* Pre-load bootloader on USART1/USART2

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* MDK-ARM Version 5.24a IDE

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* I2C, LPUSART1, USB, SPI2

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* 3x12bit ADC, 1x12bit DAC

* 20xDigital I/Os

* LoRa™ Modem

* Preamble detection

* Baud rate configurable

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* CN470/EU433/KR920/US915/IN865

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* EU868/AS923/AU915

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* Open-source hardware / software

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* Available Band:433/868/915/920 Mhz

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* IP66 Waterproof Enclosure

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* Ultra-Low Power consumption

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* AT Commands to change parameters

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* 4000mAh or 8500mAh Battery for long term use。

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== 1.4 Applications ==

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* Smart Buildings & Home Automation

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* Logistics and Supply Chain Management

* Smart Metering

* Smart Agriculture

* Smart Cities

* Smart Factory

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== 1.5 Pin Definitions and Switch ==

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[[image:1656295519542-152.png||height="413" width="728"]]

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[[image:1656295532863-613.png||height="371" width="721"]]

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[[image:image-20220627101527-1.png]]

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=== 1.5.1 Jumper JP2 ===

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Power on Device when put this jumper.

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=== 1.5.2 BOOT MODE / SW1 ===

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~1. ISP: upgrade mode, device won't have any signal in this mode. but ready for upgrade firmware. LED won't work. Firmware won't run.

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2. Flash: work mode, device starts to work and send out console output for further debug

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=== 1.5.3 Reset Button ===

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Press to reboot the device.

=== 1.5.4 LED ===

It will flash:

1. When boot the device in flash mode

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1. Send an uplink packet

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=== 1.6 Hardware Change log ===

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Note: Hardware version is marked in the PCB.

**LSN50 v2.1:**

1. Change R14 to 1M ohm

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1. Change R3, R4 to 4.7Kohm. So no need to modify them for 3 DS18B20 connection.

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1. Add ESD to each I/O

**LSN50 v2.0:**

* Change to a new enclosure. Improve with external antenna, IP68, ear hook.

**LSN50 v1.3**:

* Add P-MOS to control 5V output

**LSN50 v1.2**:

* Add LED. Turn on for every LoRa transmit

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* Add pin PA4, PB13, NRST

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* Add 5V Output, on/off control by PB5(Low to Enable, High to Disable)

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== (% id="cke_bm_478801S" style="display:none" %) (%%)1.7 Hole Option ==

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The LSN50 provides different hole size options for different size sensor cable. The options provided are M12, M16 and M20. The definition is as below:

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[[image:image-20220627104757-1.png]]

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[[image:1656298089706-973.png]]

= 2. Use LSN50 with LoRaWAN firmware =

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== 2.1 How it works ==

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The LSN50 is pre-loaded with a firmware and is configured as LoRaWAN OTAA Class A mode by default. It has OTAA keys to join LoRaWAN network. To connect a local LoRaWAN network, you just need to input the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN IoT server and power on the LSN50. It will automatically join the network via OTAA.

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The diagram below shows the working flow in default firmware (ver 1.7.0):

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[[image:image-20220627104855-2.png]]

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In case you can't set the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN OTAA server, and you have to use the keys from the server, you can [[use AT Commands>>doc:Main.End Device AT Commands and Downlink Command.WebHome]] to set the keys in the LSN50.

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== 2.2 Quick guide to connect to LoRaWAN server (OTAA) ==

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Following is an example for how to join the [[TTN V3 LoRaWAN Network>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]]. Below is the network structure; we use the [[LG308>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora/item/140-lg308.html]] as a LoRaWAN gateway in this example.

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(% title="Click and drag to resize" %)(%%)The LG308 is already set to connected to [[TTN V3 network >>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]], so what we need to now is configure the TTN V3 server.(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]][[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)(%%)

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1**(%%): Create a device in TTN with the OTAA keys from LSN50.

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Each LSN50is shipped with a sticker with the default device EUI as below:

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You can enter this key in the LoRaWAN Server portal. Below is TTN screen shot:

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**Register the device：**

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**Add APP EUI and DEV EUI：**

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(% aria-label="image-20220611161308-4.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220611161308-4.png||data-widget="image" height="551" width="753"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)

**Add APP EUI in the application：**

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(% aria-label="image-20220611161308-5.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220611161308-5.png||data-widget="image" height="601" width="742"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)

**Add APP KEY**

(% aria-label="image-20220611161308-6.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220611161308-6.png||data-widget="image" height="485" width="744"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)

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(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)

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(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]][[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)(%%)

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2**(%%): Power on LSN50

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Put a Jumper on JP2 to power on the device.(% style="display:none" %)

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[[image:image-20220627145643-5.png]](% style="display:none" %)

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(% style="display:none" %)

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(% style="display:none" %) (%%)

**For LSn50v2:**

[[image:1656313034748-905.png]](% style="display:none" %)

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(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(%%)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]][[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)(%%)

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(((

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 3**(%%)**:** The LSN50 will auto join to the TTN V3 network. After join success, it will start to upload messages to TTN V3 and you can see the messages in the panel.

)))

)))

(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% title="Click and drag to resize" %)[[image:1656312908855-552.png]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]]

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(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||data-widget="image" draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% aria-label="Data URI image image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" style="background-image:url(http://wiki1.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" tabindex="-1" title="Click and drag to resize" %)(% title="Click and drag to resize" %)

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== 2.3 Working Mode & Uplink Payload ==

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LSN50 has different working mode for the connections of different type of sensors. This section describes these modes. Use can use the AT Command AT+MOD to set LSN50 to different working modes.

For example:

(% style="color:red" %)**AT+MOD=2**(%%) ~/~/ will set the LSN50 to work in MOD=2 distance mode which target to measure distance via Ultrasonic Sensor.

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(% style="color:red" %)**NOTE:**

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(% style="color:red" %)1. Some working modes has payload more than 12 bytes, The US915/AU915/AS923 frequency bands’ definition has maximum 11 bytes in **DR0**. Server sides will see NULL payload while LSn50 transmit in DR0 with 12 bytes payload.

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2. All modes share the same Payload Explanation from HERE.

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3. By default, the device will send an uplink message every 5 minutes.

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(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:400px" %)

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|=(% style="width: 62.5px;" %)(((

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**Size (bytes)**

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|(% style="width:65px" %)**Value**|(((

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[[Battery>>||anchor="HBattery:"]]

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)))|(% style="width:61px" %)(((

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ignore

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)))|(% style="width:91px" %)(((

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[[Alarm Flag>>||anchor="HAlarmFlag26MOD:"]]

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)))|(% style="width:99px" %)(((

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[[Temperature>>||anchor="HTemperature:"]]

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)))|(% style="width:97px" %)(((

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[[Humidity>>||anchor="HHumidity:"]]

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)))

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=== 2.3.1 MOD~=1 (Default Mode) ===

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(((

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In this mode, uplink payload includes in total 11 bytes. Uplink packets use FPORT=2.

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[[image:image-20220627171207-27.png]]

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[[image:image-20220627150949-6.png]]

)))

=== 2.3.2 MOD~=2 (Distance Mode) ===

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This mode is target to measure the distance. The payload of this mode is totally 11 bytes. The 8^^th^^ and 9^^th^^ bytes is for the distance.

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[[image:image-20220627180835-31.png]]

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[[image:1656324539647-568.png]]

Connection of LIDAR-Lite V3HP:

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[[image:1656324581381-162.png]]

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Connection to Ultrasonic Sensor:

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[[image:1656324598488-204.png]]

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For the connection to TF-Mini or TF-Luna , MOD2 payload is as below:

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[[image:image-20220628083801-1.png]]

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[[image:1656376779088-686.png]]

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Connection to [[TF-Mini plus>>url:http://en.benewake.com/product/detail/5c345cd0e5b3a844c472329b.html]] LiDAR(UART version):

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Need to remove R3 and R4 resistors to get low power. Since firmware v1.7.0

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[[image:1656376795715-436.png]]

Connection to [[TF-Luna>>url:http://en.benewake.com/product/detail/5e1c1fd04d839408076b6255.html]] LiDAR (UART version):

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Need to remove R3 and R4 resistors to get low power. Since firmware v1.7.0

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[[image:1656376865561-355.png]]

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Please use firmware version > 1.6.5 when use MOD=2, in this firmware version, user can use LSn50 v1 to power the ultrasonic sensor directly and with low power consumption.

)))

=== 2.3.3 MOD~=3 (3 ADC + I2C) ===

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This mode has total 12 bytes. Include 3 x ADC + 1x I2C

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[[image:image-20220628085009-2.png]]

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[[image:1656377431497-975.png]]

=== 2.3.4 MOD~=4 (3 x DS18B20) ===

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This mode is supported in firmware version since v1.6.1. Software set to AT+MOD=4

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Hardware connection is as below,

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(% style="color:red" %)**(Note:**

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* In hardware version v1.x and v2.0 , R3 & R4 should change from 10k to 4.7k ohm to support the other 2 x DS18B20 probes.

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* In hardware version v2.1 no need to change R3 , R4, by default, they are 4.7k ohm already.

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See [[here>>path:#hardware_changelog]] for hardware changelog.

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(% style="color:red" %)**) **

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[[image:1656377461619-156.png]]

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This mode has total 11 bytes. As shown below:

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[[image:image-20220628085248-3.png]]

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[[image:1656377606181-607.png]]

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=== 2.3.5 MOD~=5(Weight Measurement by HX711) ===

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This mode is supported in firmware version since v1.6.2. Please use v1.6.5 firmware version so user no need to use extra LDO for connection.

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[[image:1656378224664-860.png]]

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Each HX711 need to be calibrated before used. User need to do below two steps:

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1. Zero calibration. Don’t put anything on load cell and run **AT+WEIGRE** to calibrate to Zero gram.

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1. Adjust calibration factor (default value 400): Put a known weight thing on load cell and run **AT+WEIGAP** to adjust the Calibration Factor.

For example:

**AT+WEIGAP =403.0**

Response: Weight is 401 g

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Check the response of this command and adjust the value to match the real value for thing.

(% border="1" cellspacing="10" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:726px" %)

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|(% style="width:97px" %)**Value**|(% style="width:44px" %)[[BAT>>path:#BAT]]|(% style="width:172px" %)(((

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[[Temperature(DS18B20)>>path:#DS18B20]]

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)))|(% style="width:51px" %)[[ADC>>path:#ADC]]|(% style="width:206px" %)[[Digital in & Digital Interrupt>>path:#Digtial_input]]|(% style="width:72px" %)Weight|(% style="width:81px" %)Reserved

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[[image:1656378323863-824.png]]

=== 2.3.6 MOD~=6(Counting Mode, Since firmware v1.6.5) ===

(((

In this mode, the device will work in counting mode. It counts the interrupt on the interrupt pins and sends the count on TDC time.

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(((

Connection is as below. The PIR sensor is a count sensor, it will generate interrupt when people come close or go away. User can replace the PIR sensor with other counting sensors.

)))

[[image:1656378351863-572.png]]

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Note: LoRaWAN wireless transmission will infect the PIR sensor. Which cause the counting value increase +1 for every uplink. User can change PIR sensor or put sensor away of the LSN50 to avoid this happen.

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(% border="1" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green" %)

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|**Size(bytes)**|**2**|**2**|**2**|**1**|**4**

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|**Value**|[[BAT>>path:#BAT]]|(((

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[[Temperature>>path:#DS18B20]]

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[[(DS18B20)>>path:#DS18B20]]

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)))|[[ADC>>path:#ADC]]|[[Digital in>>path:#Digtial_input]]|Count

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image013.png]]

=== 2.3.7 Decode payload in The Things Network ===

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While using TTN V3 network, you can add the payload format to decode the payload.

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image014.png]]

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The payload decoder function for TTN V3 are here:

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LSN50 TTN V3 Payload Decoder: [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LSN50-LoRaST/Payload_decoder/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LSN50-LoRaST/Payload_decoder/]]

== 2.4 Payload Explanation and Sensor Interface ==

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=== 2.4.1 Battery Info ===

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566

Check the battery voltage for LSN50.

Ex1: 0x0B45 = 2885mV

Ex2: 0x0B49 = 2889mV

=== 2.4.2 Temperature (DS18B20) ===

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575

If there is a DS18B20 connected to PB3 pin. The temperature will be uploaded in the payload.

576

577

578

More DS18B20 can check the [[3 DS18B20 mode>>path:#ds18b20_3]]

**Connection**

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image015.png]]

**Example**:

If payload is: 0105H: (0105 & FC00 == 0), temp = 0105H /10 = 26.1 degree

589

590

If payload is: FF3FH : (FF3F & FC00 == 1) , temp = (FF3FH - 65536)/10 = -19.3 degrees.

591

592

593

=== 2.4.3 Digital Input ===

594

595

The digital input for pin PA12,

596

597

* When PA12 is high, the bit 1 of payload byte 6 is 1.

598

* When PA12 is low, the bit 1 of payload byte 6 is 0.

599

600

601

=== 2.4.4 Analogue Digital Converter (ADC) ===

602

603

604

The ADC pins in LSN50 can measure range from 0~~3.3v, it use reference voltage from STM32. If user need to measure a voltage >3.3v, please use resistors to divide this voltage to lower than 3.3v, otherwise, it may destroy the ADC pin.

605

606

607

The ADC monitors the voltage on the PA0 line, in mV.

Ex: 0x021F = 543mv,

**Example1:** Reading an Oil Sensor (Read a resistance value):

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614

[[image:image-20220627172409-28.png]]

In the LSN50, we can use PB4 and PA0 pin to calculate the resistance for the oil sensor.

Steps:

1. Solder a 10K resistor between PA0 and VCC.

625

1. Screw oil sensor's two pins to PA0 and PB4.

626

627

The equipment circuit is as below:

628

629

[[image:image-20220627172500-29.png]]

According to above diagram:

635

636

(//VCC-VPA010k=VPA0Roilsensor//[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image018.png]]

So

//Roilsensor=VPA0×10KVCC-VPA0//[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image019.png]]

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643

//VPA0//[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]] is the reading of ADC. So if ADC=0x05DC=0.9 v and VCC (BAT) is 2.9v

644

645

646

The //Roilsensor=0.9×10K2.9-0.9=//[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image021.png]] 4.5K ohm

647

648

Since the Bouy is linear resistance from 10 ~~ 70cm.

649

650

651

The position of Bouy is //4.5K10K×70cm-10cm+10cm=37cm//[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image022.png]] , from the bottom of Bouy

652

653

654

=== 2.4.5 Digital Interrupt ===

655

656

Digital Interrupt refers to pin PB14, and there are different trigger methods. When there is a trigger, the LSN50 will send a packet to the server.

657

658

659

Interrupt connection method:

660

661

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image023.png]]

662

663

664

**Example to use with door sensor **

665

(Requires firmware > 1.5.1)

666

667

668

The door sensor is shown at right. It is a two wire magnetic contact switch used for detecting the open/close status of doors or windows. [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image024.png]]

669

670

671

When the two pieces are close to each other, the 2 wire output will be short or open (depending on the type), while if the two pieces are away from each other, the 2 wire output will be the opposite status. So we can use LSN50 interrupt interface to detect the status for the door or window.

672

673

674

Below is the installation example:

675

676

Fix one piece of the magnetic sensor to the door and connect the two pins to LSN50 as follows:

677

678

* One pin to LSN50’s PB14 pin

679

* The other pin to LSN50’s VCC pin

680

681

Install the other piece to the door. Find a place where the two pieces will be close to each other when the door is closed. For this particular magnetic sensor, when the door is closed, the output will be short, and PB14 will be at the VCC voltage.

682

683

684

Door sensors have two types: NC (Normal close) and NO (normal open). The connection for both type sensors are the same. But the decoding for payload are reverse, user need to modify this in the IoT Server decoder.

685

686

687

When door sensor is shorted, there will extra power consumption in the circuit, the extra current is 3v3/R14 = 3v2/1Mohm = 0.3uA which can be ignored.

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image025.png]]

693

694

695

The above photos shows the two parts of the magnetic switch fitted to a door.

696

697

698

The software by default uses the falling edge on the signal line as an interrupt. We need to modify it to accept both the rising edge (0v ~-~-> VCC , door close) and the falling edge (VCC ~-~-> 0v , door open) as the interrupt.

The command is:

**AT+INTMOD=1 ~/~/(more info about INMOD please refer **[[**AT Command Manual**>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/&file=DRAGINO_LSN50_AT_Commands_v1.5.1.pdf]]**. )**

704

705

706

Below shows some screen captures in TTN V3:

707

708

709

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image026.png]]

710

711

712

In MOD=1, user can use byte 6 to see the status for door open or close. TTN V3 decoder is as below:

713

714

715

door= (bytes[6] & 0x80)? "CLOSE":"OPEN";

**Notice for hardware version LSN50 v1 < v1.3** (produced before 2018-Nov).

720

721

In this hardware version, there is no R14 resistance solder. When use the latest firmware, it should set AT+INTMOD=0 to close the interrupt. If user need to use Interrupt in this hardware version, user need to solder R14 with 10M resistor and C1 (0.1uF) on board.

722

723

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.png]]

=== 2.4.6 I2C Interface (SHT20) ===

730

731

The PB6(SDA) and PB7(SCK) are I2C interface lines. You can use these to connect to an I2C device and get the sensor data.

732

733

734

We have made an example to show how to use the I2C interface to connect to the SHT20 Temperature and Humidity Sensor. This is supported in the stock firmware since v1.5 with **AT+MOD=1 (default value).**

735

736

737

Below is the connection to SHT20.

738

739

740

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image028.png]]

741

742

743

The device will be able to get the I2C sensor data now and upload to IoT Server.

744

745

746

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image029.png]]

747

748

Convert the read byte to decimal and divide it by ten.

**Example:**

Temperature: Read:0116(H) = 278(D) Value: 278 /10=27.8℃;

754

755

Humidity: Read:0248(H)=584(D) Value: 584 / 10=58.4, So 58.4%

756

757

758

If you want to use other I2C device, please refer the SHT20 part source code as reference.

759

760

761

=== 2.4.7 Distance Reading ===

762

763

Refer [[Ultrasonic Sensor section>>path:#Ultrasonic_Sensor]].

764

765

766

=== 2.4.8 Ultrasonic Sensor ===

767

768

The LSN50 v1.5 firmware supports ultrasonic sensor (with AT+MOD=2) such as SEN0208 from DF-Robot. This Fundamental Principles of this sensor can be found at this link: [[https:~~/~~/wiki.dfrobot.com/Weather_-_proof_Ultrasonic_Sensor_with_Separate_Probe_SKU~~_~~__SEN0208>>url:https://wiki.dfrobot.com/Weather_-_proof_Ultrasonic_Sensor_with_Separate_Probe_SKU___SEN0208]]

769

770

771

The LSN50 detects the pulse width of the sensor and converts it to mm output. The accuracy will be within 1 centimeter. The usable range (the distance between the ultrasonic probe and the measured object) is between 24cm and 600cm.

772

773

774

The picture below shows the connection:

775

776

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.png]]

Connect to the LSN50 and run **AT+MOD=2** to switch to ultrasonic mode (ULT).

781

782

The ultrasonic sensor uses the 8^^th^^ and 9^^th^^ byte for the measurement value.

**Example:**

Distance: Read:0C2D(Hex) = 3117(D) Value: 3117 mm=311.7 cm

788

789

790

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image030.png]]

791

792

793

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image031.png]]

You can see the serial output in ULT mode as below:

798

799

800

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image032.png]]

In TTN V3 server:

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image030.png]]

807

808

809

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image031.png]]

810

811

812

=== 2.4.9 +5V Output ===

813

814

Since v1.2 hardware version, a +5v output is added in the hardware. The +5V output will be valid for every sampling. LSN50 will enable +5V output before all sampling and disable the +5v after all sampling.

815

816

817

Since firmware **v1.6.3**, The 5V output time can be controlled by AT Command.

**AT+5VT=1000**

Means set 5V valid time to have 1000ms. So the real 5V output will actually have 1000ms + sampling time for other sensors.

822

823

824

By default the AT+5VT=500. If the external sensor which require 5v and require more time to get stable state, user can use this command to increase the power ON duration for this sensor.

=== 2.4.10 Weigh Sensor HX711 ===

830

831

Since v1.6.2 firmware, LSN50 support Weigh Sensor HX711.

832

833

834

=== 2.4.11 BH1750 Illumination Sensor ===

835

836

Since v1.7.0 firmware, MOD=1 support this sensor. The sensor value is in the 8^^th^^ and 9^^th^^ bytes.

837

838

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image033.jpg]]

839

840

841

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image034.png]]

=== 2.4.12 Working MOD ===

846

847

The working MOD info is contained in the Digital in & Digital Interrupt byte (7^^th^^ Byte).

848

849

850

User can use the 3^^rd^^ ~~ 7^^th^^ bit of this byte to see the working mod:

851

852

853

Case 7^^th^^ Byte >> 2 & 0x1f:

* 0: MOD1

* 1: MOD2

* 2: MOD3

* 3: MOD4

* 4:MOD5

* 5:MOD6

== 2.5 Configure LSN50 via AT or Downlink ==

863

864

User can configure LSN50 via [[AT Commands >>path:#_Using_the_AT]]or LoRaWAN Downlink Commands

865

866

There are two kinds of Commands:

867

868

* (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Common Commands**(%%): They should be available for each sensor, such as: change uplink interval, reset device. For firmware v1.7.0, user can find what common commands it supports: http:~/~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_AT_Commands_and_Downlink_Commands

869

870

* (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Sensor Related Commands**(%%): These commands are special designed for LSN50. User can see these commands below:

871

872

=== 2.5.1 Common Commands: ===

873

874

875

They should be available for each of Dragino Sensors, such as: change uplink interval, reset device. For firmware v1.7.0, user can find what common commands it supports: http:~/~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_AT_Commands_and_Downlink_Commands

876

877

878

=== 2.5.2 Sensor related commands: ===

879

880

881

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Set work mode:**

882

883

* (% style="color:#037691" %)AT Command:

884

885

AT+MOD=2 ~/~/ Set work MOD =2. (1:IIC mode,2:Distance mode,3:3ADC mode, 4:3DS18B20 mode,5:weight mode)

886

887

AT+MOD=? ~/~/ Get current work MOD

888

889

890

* (% style="color:#037691" %)Downlink Payload:

891

892

0x0A aa ~/~/ Same as AT+MOD=aa

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Set the trigger interrupt mode:**

897

898

* (% style="color:#037691" %)AT Command:

899

900

AT+INTMOD=2 ~/~/ Set INTMOD =2. (0:Disable,1:falling or rising,2:falling,3:rising)

901

902

AT+INTMOD=? ~/~/ Get current INTMOD

903

904

905

* (% style="color:#037691" %)Downlink Payload:

906

907

0x06 000003 ~/~/ Set AT+INTMOD=3

908

909

910

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Set the 5V power open time during sampling:**

911

912

913

* (% style="color:#037691" %)AT Command:

914

915

AT+5VT=1000 ~/~/ Set 5v open time to 1000ms

916

917

AT+5VT=? ~/~/ Check current 5v open duration

918

919

920

* (% style="color:#037691" %)Downlink Payload:

921

922

0x07 aa bb ~/~/ Equal AT+5VT=0x(aa bb)

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Set the weight to 0g (Zero Calibration)**

928

929

* (% style="color:#037691" %)AT Command:

930

931

AT+WEIGRE ~/~/ Set the weight to 0g

932

933

934

* (% style="color:#037691" %)Downlink Payload:

935

936

0x08 01 ~/~/ Set the weight to 0g

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**Get or Set the GAP Value (calibrate factor) of measurement**

941

942

* (% style="color:#037691" %)AT Command:

943

944

AT+WEIGAP=403.0 ~/~/ Set GAP Value =403.0 (response: Weight: xx g)

945

946

AT+WEIGAP=? ~/~/ Get current GAP Value

947

948

949

* (% style="color:#037691" %)Downlink Payload:

950

951

0x08 02 aa bb ~/~/ Equal to AT+WEIGAP=0x(aa bb)/10

== 2.6 Show Data in Datacake IoT Server ==

960

961

Datacake provides a human friendly interface to show the sensor data, once we have data in TTN V3, we can use Datacake to connect to TTN V3 and see the data in Datacake. Below are the steps:

962

963

964

(% style="color:blue" %)Step 1(%%): Be sure that your device is programmed and properly connected to the network at this time.

965

966

(% style="color:blue" %)Step 2(%%): To configure the Application to forward data to Datacake you will need to add integration. To add the Datacake integration, perform the following steps:

967

968

969

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image035.png]]

970

971

972

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image036.png]]

973

974

975

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image037.png]]

(% style="color:blue" %)Step 3(%%): Create an account or log in Datacake.

980

981

(% style="color:blue" %)Step 4(%%): Search the LSN50 and add DevEUI.

982

983

[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image038.png]]

== 2.7 Firmware Change Log ==

988

989

~* [[**Firmware download link**>>url:https://github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/LSN50.hex]]

990

991

[[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Firmware/LSN50.hex/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Firmware/LSN50.hex/]]

992

993

994

**~* Firmware Change Log:**

995

996

[[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Firmware/LSN50.hex/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Firmware/LSN50.hex/]]

== 2.8 Use VDD or +5V to Power External Sensor ==

1002

1003

User can use VDD or +5V to power external sensor.

1004

1005

(% style="color:red" %)Note:

1006

1007

1. VDD is 2.5~~3.3v from the battery + diode, the VDD is always on, so when use VDD to power external sensor, make sure the sensor has a low power consumption in sleep mode ( less 50 uA) to get a long battery life.

1008

1. +5V output is only ON when sampling. And MCU will turn off it after sampling. So if sensor can support 5v, +5V out is the best choice. [[See here for more info>>path:#output_5v]].

1009

1010

(% style="color:red" %)Note: Always test the actually current pass by the JP2 jumper when connect to a new type of sensor.

== 2.9 Battery Analysis ==

1019

1020

=== 2.9.1 Battery Type ===

1021

1022

The LSN50 battery is a combination of a 4000mAh or 8500mAh Li/SOCI2 Battery and a Super Capacitor. The battery is non-rechargeable battery type with a low discharge rate (<2% per year). This type of battery is commonly used in IoT devices such as water meter.

1023

1024

1025

The battery is designed to last for more than 5 years for the LSN50.

1026

1027

1028

The battery related documents as below:

1029

1030

* [[Battery Dimension>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]],

1031

* [[Lithium-Thionyl Chloride Battery datasheet>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]], [[Tech Spec>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]]

1032

* [[Lithium-ion Battery-Capacitor datasheet>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]], [[Tech Spec>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]]

1033

1034

[[image:image-20220627175349-30.png]]

1035

1036

1037

=== 2.9.2 Power consumption Analyze ===

1038

1039

When connect to different sensors, it is good to test the power consumption with the sensor working. User can remove the [[ON/OFF Jumper>>path:#power_on]] of LSN50, and connect a multimeter between the two pins of this header and measure the current to know the whole system power consumption. Because the sleep mode will have as low as 10uA, at least 4.5 digit multimeter is required to measure this level of current.

1040

1041

A victor VC86E is recommended.

1042

1043

[[image:1656323400306-359.png]]

1044

1045

1046

In a minimum system with DS18B20 and Oil Sensor and default firmware, the power consumption includes:

1047

1048

1049

~1. Deep Sleep (Stop mode) for STM32. ~~ 5uA

1050

1051

2. Sampling current while reading DS18B20 and Oil Sensor

1052

1053

* Oil Sensor sampling time: 200us, current: 0.3mA

1054

* DS18B20 sampling time: 750ms, current: 0.64mA

1055

* Above power should add 8mA CPU power in working mode.

1056

1057

3. LoRaWAN transmit and receive time consumption. The LoRa TX / RX time and power can be found in the [[LoRa calculator tool>>url:https://www.semtech.com/uploads/documents/SX1272LoRaCalculatorSetup1_1.zip]].

1058

1059

1060

In a typical LoRaWAN data transmit. The energy profile is as below:

1061

1062

1063

[[image:1656323450362-299.png]]

1064

1065

In the LoRaWAN protocol, the device will transfer in different LoRa Radio, and have different energy profile in LoRa part. We can calculate the battery life in two cases:

1066

1067

1. Lower power LoRa radio. Device has a good signal to gateway

1068

1. Higher power LoRa radio. Device has a poor signal to gateway

1069

1070

(% style="color:blue" %)**Low Power Case**:

1071

1072

* Radio Parameter: SF7, 125kHz, 20dbm

1073

* Transmit interval: 15 minutes.

1074

* Payload: 8 Bytes.

1075

1076

(% style="color:blue" %)**High Power Case**:

1077

1078

* Radio Parameter: SF10, 125kHz, 20dbm

1079

* Transmit interval: 15 minutes.

1080

* Payload: 8 Bytes.

1081

1082

To simplify the calculation, we can:

1083

1084

* Combine oil sensor and DS18B20 sampling energy together to **751ms@8.64ma**

1085

1086

* Combine the two RX windows together.

1087

1088

There is a [[power consumption tool>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/&file=Battery_Calculator_v1.0.xlsx]] for easy analysis. Below is the analysis result.

1089

1090

1091

[[image:1656323531520-949.png]]

1092

1093

[[image:1656323549994-233.png]]

1094

1095

1096

(% style="color:red" %)Note: Ignore the 18 year result, because the battery has a max 2% discharge per year.

1097

1098

1099

=== 2.9.3 Battery Note ===

1100

1101

(((

1102

The Li-SICO battery is designed for small current / long period application. It is not good to use a high current, short period transmit method. The recommended minimum period for use of this battery is 5 minutes. If you use a shorter period time to transmit LoRa, then the battery life may be decreased.

)))

=== 2.9.4 Replace the battery ===

1107

1108

(((

1109

You can change the battery in the LSN50.The type of battery is not limited as long as the output is between 3v to 3.6v. On the main board, there is a diode (D1) between the battery and the main circuit. If you need to use a battery with less than 3.3v, please remove the D1 and shortcut the two pads of it so there won’t be voltage drop between battery and main board.

)))

(((

The default battery pack of LSN50 includes a ER18505 plus super capacitor. If user can't find this pack locally, they can find ER18505 or equivalence, which will also work in most case. The SPC can enlarge the battery life for high frequency use (update period below 5 minutes).

)))

= 3. Using the AT Commands =

1119

1120

== 3.1 Access AT Commands ==

1121

1122

LSN50 supports AT Command set in the stock firmware. You can use a USB to TTL adapter to connect to LSN50 for using AT command, as below.

1123

1124

1125

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LSN50 v1 UART connection photo**

1126

1127

[[image:image-20220627165424-24.png||height="495" width="486"]]

1128

1129

1130

(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LSN50 v2 UART connection photo**

1131

1132

[[image:image-20220627165424-25.png||height="483" width="988"]]

(((

In the PC, you need to set the serial baud rate to (% style="color:green" %)**9600**(%%) to access the serial console for LSN50. LSN50 will output system info once power on as below:

1137

)))

1138

1139

[[image:image-20220627165531-26.png]]

== 3.2 Common AT Command Sequence ==

1144

1145

1146

=== 3.2.1 Multi-channel ABP mode (Use with SX1301/LG308) ===

1147

1148

(% style="color:#037691" %)**If device has not joined network via OTAA:**

1149

1150

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+FDR

1151

1152

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+NJM=0

1153

1154

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)ATZ

1155

1156

1157

(% style="color:#037691" %)**If device already joined network:**

1158

1159

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+NJM=0

1160

1161

(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)ATZ

1162

1163

1164

=== 3.2.2 Single-channel ABP mode (Use with LG01/LG02) ===

1165

1166

See [[Sect 6.7>>path:#single_channel_mode]]

= 4. Upload Firmware =

1171

1172

(% style="color:red" %)**Notes**:

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1174

* Since image v1.3, the firmware will show version info during boot. If your device doesn't show version info, you may have a very old image version.

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* Always run AT+FDR to reset parameters to factory default after an update image.

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If the update is from image >= v1.3 to another image version >=v1.3, then the keys will be kept after running AT+FDR.

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Otherwise (e.g. from v1.2 to v1.3), AT+FDR may erase the keys.

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== 4.1 Upload Firmware via Serial Port ==

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The LSN50's AT Command port can be used for firmware upgrade. The hardware connection for upgrade firmware is as below:

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[[image:image-20220627163506-18.png||height="426" width="418"]]

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step1**(%%)**:** Download [[flash loader>>url:https://www.st.com/content/st_com/en/products/development-tools/software-development-tools/stm32-software-development-tools/stm32-programmers/flasher-stm32.html]].

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step2**(%%)**:** Download the [[LSN50 Image files>>url:https://github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/LSN50.hex]].

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step3**(%%)**: **Open flashloader; choose the correct COM port to update

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[[image:image-20220627163821-19.png]]

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[[image:image-20220627163930-20.png||height="450" width="751"]]

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[[image:image-20220627164030-21.png||height="459" width="750"]]

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step4**(%%)**: **Switch SW1 back to flash state and push the RESET button.

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The LSN50 will then run the new firmware.

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== 4.2 Upload Firmware via ST-Link V2 ==

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You can use ST-LINK to upgrade firmware into LSN50. The hardware connection for upgrade firmware is as below:

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[[image:1656319349131-664.png]]

Connection:

* ST-LINK v2 GND <~-~-> LSN50 GND

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* ST-LINK v2 SWCLK <~-~-> LSN50 PA14

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* ST-LINK v2 SWDIO <~-~-> LSN50 PA13

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* ST-LINK v2 RST <~-~->LSN50 NRST.

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step1:**(%%) Install [[ST-LINK driver>>url:https://www.stmicroelectronics.com.cn/content/st_com/en/products/development-tools/software-development-tools/stm32-software-development-tools/stm32-utilities/stsw-link009.html]] first and then install [[ST-LINK Utility>>url:https://www.st.com/content/st_com/en/products/development-tools/software-development-tools/stm32-software-development-tools/stm32-programmers/stsw-link004.html]]

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step2**(%%): Download the [[LSN50 Image files>>url:https://github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/LSN50.hex]].

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step3:**(%%)** **Open ST-LINK utility, (% style="color:blue" %)**file ~-~-> open file**(%%) to select the image to be upgraded.

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step4:**(%%)** **Click the “(% style="color:blue" %)**Program Verify**”(%%) button on ST-LINK.

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[[image:image-20220627164303-22.png]]

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step5:**(%%)** **The led on the ST-LINK adapter will now blinking, and the ST-Link utility will pop up a download window. Click the start button to download the image to LSN50.

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(% style="color:red" %)NOTE: If this step fails, ST-LINK can't establish connection to LSN50, please try to swap SWDIO & SWCLK pin. Some ST-LINK v2 devices are incorrectly marked.

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[[image:image-20220627164303-23.png]]

= 5. Developer Guide =

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(% style="display:none" %)

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* Software Source Code Download : [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/STM32CubeExpansion_LRWAN>>https://github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/STM32CubeExpansion_LRWAN]]

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* Hardware Source Code Download: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/Lora/tree/master/LSN50>>https://github.com/dragino/Lora/tree/master/LSN50]]

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LSN50 is an open source project, developer can use compile their firmware for customized applications. User can get the source code from:

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* Software Source Code: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/STM32CubeExpansion_LRWAN>>url:https://github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/STM32CubeExpansion_LRWAN]]

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* Hardware Design files: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/Lora/tree/master/LSN50>>url:https://github.com/dragino/Lora/tree/master/LSN50]]

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* Compile instruction: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Firmware%20Compile%20Instruction%20~~-~~-%20STM32/>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Firmware%20Compile%20Instruction%20--%20STM32/]]

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Use Keil to open project file:

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STM32CubeExpansion_LRWAN/Projects/Multi/Applications/LoRa/DRAGINO-LRWAN(AT)/MDK-ARM/STM32L072CZ-Nucleo/Lora.uvprojx

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In Keil, you can see what frequency band the code support.

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[[image:image-20220627162417-15.png]]

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~1. If you want to change frequency, modify the Preprocessor Symbols.

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For example, change EU868 to US915

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[[image:1656318662202-530.png]]

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[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.emz]]

2. Compile and build

[[image:image-20220627163212-17.png]]

= 6. FAQ =

== 6.1 Why there is 433/868/915 version? ==

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(((

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Different countries have different rules for the ISM band for LoRa. Although the LoRa chip can support a wide range of Frequencies, we provide different versions of the hardware for best tune of the LoRa hardware part.

)))

== 6.2 What is the frequency range of LT LoRa part? ? ==

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Different LT version supports different frequency range, below is the table for the working frequency and recommend bands for each model:

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[[image:image-20220627155456-9.png]]

== 6.3 How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region? ==

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You can follow the instructions for [[how to upgrade image>>path:#3ygebqi]].

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When downloading the images, choose the required image file for download.

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== 6.4 Can I use Private LoRa protocol? ==

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The stock firmware is based on LoRaWAN protocol. You can use a private LoRa protocol in LSN50. This section describes an example for base LoRa transfer. It is a reference/demo and we do not provide further software development support on this topic.

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In this demo, we will show the communication between LoRa Shield and LSN50, both of them using the basic LoRa library. LSN50 will send a message to a LoRa Shield and the LoRa Shield will print it to the console.

)))

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(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LoRa Shield + UNO**:

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Use the [[LoRa Library>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/Arduino/&file=LoRa.zip]] and upload the [[LoRa Receive>>http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/Arduino/LoRaReceiver.ino]] Sketch to Arduino.

Refs:

[[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/Arduino/&file=LoRa.zip>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/Arduino/&file=LoRa.zip]]

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[[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/Arduino/LoRaReceiver.ino>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/Arduino/LoRaReceiver.ino]]

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Open the serial monitor to Arduino. The device acts as a LoRa Receiver and listen on the frequency 868.3Mhz by default.

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(% style="color:#4472c4" %)**LSN50**:

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Use the <[[LoRa RAW code>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/LoRa_Raw_Example/LSN50/&file=lora_send.zip]]> . The project file is in: MDK-ARM\STM32L072CZ-Nucleo\ Lora.uvprojx

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[[Compile>>path:#19c6y18]] it and [[Upload>>path:#3ygebqi]] it to LSN50, the LSN50 will transfer on the frequency 868.3Mhz.

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In the Arduino Console, it will see the received packets as below.

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[[image:image-20220627160116-10.png]]

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== 6.5 How to set up LSN50 to work in 8 channel mode ==

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By default, the frequency bands US915, AU915, CN470 work in 72 frequencies. Many gateways are 8 channel gateways, and in this case, the OTAA join time and uplink schedule is long and unpredictable while the end node is hopping in 72 frequencies.

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You can configure the end node to work in 8 channel mode by using the AT+CHE command. The 500kHz channels are always included for OTAA.

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For example, in (% style="color:blue" %)**US915**(%%) band, the frequency table is as below. By default, the end node will use all channels (0~~71) for OTAA Join process. After the OTAA Join, the end node will use these all channels (0~~71) to send uplink packets.

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[[image:image-20220627160940-13.png]]

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When you use the TTN V3 network, the US915 frequency bands use are:

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* 903.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

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* 904.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

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* 904.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

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* 904.5 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

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* 904.7 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

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* 904.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

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* 905.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

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* 905.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125

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* 904.6 - SF8BW500

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Because the end node is now hopping in 72 frequency, it makes it difficult for the devices to Join the TTN V3 network and uplink data. To solve this issue, you can access the device via the AT commands and run:

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(% style="color:blue" %)**AT+CHE=2**

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(% style="color:blue" %)**ATZ**

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to set the end node to work in 8 channel mode. The device will work in Channel 8-15 & 64-71 for OTAA, and channel 8-15 for Uplink.

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The (% style="color:blue" %)**AU915**(%%) band is similar. Below are the AU915 Uplink Channels.

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[[image:image-20220627161124-14.png]]

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== 6.6 How to set up LSN50 to work with Single Channel Gateway such as LG01/LG02? ==

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In this case, users need to set LSN50 to work in ABP mode and transmit in only one frequency.

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Assume we have a LG02 working in the frequency 868400000 now, below is the steps.

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step1: **(%%)Log in TTN V3, Create an ABP device in the application and input the network session key (NETSKEY), app session key (APPSKEY) from the device.

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[[image:image-20220627160542-11.png]]

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(% style="color:red" %)Note: You need to make sure the above three keys match in the device and in TTN V3. You can change them either in TTN V3 or in the Device to make them match. In TTN V3, NETSKEY and APPSKEY can be configured in the setting page, but the Device Addr is generated by TTN V3.

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You can also change the Device ADDR in TTN V3 by using the [[The Things Network CLI>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/network/cli/quick-start.html]].

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step2: **(%%)Run AT commands to make the LSN50 work in Single frequency and ABP mode. Below are the AT commands:

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(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+FDR(%%) Reset Parameters to Factory Default, Keys Reserve

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(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+NJM=0(%%) Set to ABP mode

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(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+ADR=0(%%) Set the Adaptive Data Rate Off

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(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+DR=5(%%) Set Data Rate (Set AT+DR=3 for 915 band)

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(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+TDC=300000(%%) Set transmit interval to 5 minutes

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(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+CHS=868400000(%%) Set transmit frequency to 868.4Mhz

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(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)AT+DADDR=26 01 1A F1(%%) Set Device Address to 26 01 1A F1

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(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)ATZ(%%) Reset MCU

As shown below:

[[image:image-20220627160542-12.png]]

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== 6.7 How to configure the EUI keys in LSN50? ==

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The early version of LSN50 firmware doesn't have pre-configured keys.

1429

It is recommended that you update the image to the latest version before configure the keys. Refer [[upgrade_image>>path:#3ygebqi]] to update the firmware to the latest version.

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Run AT commands to set the keys to desired keys; refer [[AT Command manual>>path:#23ckvvd]].

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= 7. Trouble Shooting =

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== 7.1 Connection problem when uploading firmware. ==

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(% style="color:red" %)**Issue**(%%): While using USB to TTL to upload firmware via UART interface. It works for several times but most of times it fails.

1439

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(% style="color:green" %)**Checklist**:

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~1. Double check if follow up exactly the steps as manual.

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2. Check if hardware works fine: a) check if AT command works, b) check if ISP / flash switch works: PA12 will have different output level while set the ISP/Flash Switch in different position. c) check if reset button works.

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3. If you use Windows10 system. Please change the flash loader to run in Windows7 compatibility mode.

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[[image:image-20220627153421-8.png]]

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4. We have seen cases where the FT232 USB TTL adapter has a reliability issue with the PC USB chipset (Intel). In this case, even though points 1 and 2 above work, it still has a reliability issue for uploading. If this happens, change to a different PC or change the USB to TTL adapter to solve the issue.

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== 7.2 Why I can't join TTN V3 in US915 / AU915 bands? ==

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It is due to channel mapping. Please see the [[Eight Channel Mode>>path:#206ipza]] section above for details.

1458

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7.3 AT Command input doesn't work

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In the case if user can see the console output but can't type input to the device. Please check if you already include the (% style="color:red" %)**ENTER**(%%) while sending out the command. Some serial tool doesn't send (% style="color:red" %)**ENTER**(%%) while press the send key, user need to add ENTER in their string.

= 8. Order Info =

Part Number: (% style="color:blue" %)**LSN50-XX-YY **(%%)**or (% style="color:blue" %)LSN50-XX-YY-ZZ(%%)**

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(% style="color:blue" %)**XX**(%%): The default frequency band

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* (% style="color:red" %)**AS923 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN AS923 band

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* (% style="color:red" %)**AU915 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN AU915 band

1475

* (% style="color:red" %)**EU433 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN EU433 band

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* (% style="color:red" %)**EU868 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN EU868 band

1477

* (% style="color:red" %)**KR920 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN KR920 band

1478

* (% style="color:red" %)**US915 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN US915 band

1479

* (% style="color:red" %)**IN865 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN IN865 band

1480

* (% style="color:red" %)**CN470 **(%%)**:** LoRaWAN CN470 band

1481

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(% style="color:blue" %)**YY**(%%)**: **Hole Option

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* (% style="color:red" %)**12**(%%): With M12 waterproof cable hole

1485

* (% style="color:red" %)**16**(%%): With M16 waterproof cable hole

1486

* (% style="color:red" %)**20**(%%): With M20 waterproof cable hole (LSN50 v2 doesn’t have this version)

1487

* (% style="color:red" %)**NH**(%%): No Hole

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(% style="color:blue" %)**ZZ**(%%)**: **Battery Option ( Only valid for v2 model)

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* (% style="color:red" %)**4**(%%): with 4000mAh battery

1492

* (% style="color:red" %)**8**(%%): with 8500mAg battery

= 9. Packing Info =

(% style="color:blue" %)**For LSN50**(%%)**:**

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**Package Includes**:

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1501

* LSN50 LoRa Sensor Node x 1

1502

1503

**Dimension and weight**:

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1505

* Device Size: 8 x 6.5 x 5 cm

1506

* Device Weight: 137g

1507

* Package Size / pcs : 9 x 7 x 6cm

1508

* Weight / pcs : 160g

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(% style="color:blue" %)**For LSN50 v2**(%%)**:**

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**Package Includes**:

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* LSN50 v2 LoRa Sensor Node x 1

1515

* External antenna x 1

1516

* Spring Antenna (evaluate purpose)

1517

1518

**Dimension and weight**:

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* Device Size: 9.7 x 6.5 x 4.7 cm

1521

* Device Weight: 150g

1522

* Package Size / pcs : 14.0 x 8x 5 cm

1523

* Weight / pcs : 180g

(((

)))

= 10. Support =

* Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8. Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before-mentioned schedule.

1536

* Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to [[support@dragino.com>>url:http://../../../../../../D:%5C%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99%5C%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A6%5CLoRa%5CLT%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%5Csupport@dragino.com]].

= 11. References =

* [[Product Page>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora/item/128-lsn50.html]]

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* [[Data Sheet>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/EN/&file=Datasheet_LoRaSensorNode.pdf]]

1542

* [[Image Download>>url:https://github.com/dragino/LoRa_STM32/tree/master/LSN50.hex]]

1543

* [[Mechanical Drawing>>http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Mechanical_Drawing/]]

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Wiki source code of LSN50 & LSN50-V2 - LoRaWAN Sensor Node User Manual

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