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Version 217.1 by Bei Jinggeng on 2022/11/11 11:27
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9 (% _msthash="315238" _msttexthash="18964465" _mstvisible="3" %)**Table of Contents：**
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11 {{toc/}}
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15
16
17 = 1. Introduction =
18
19
20 == 1.1 What is LHT65N Temperature & Humidity Sensor ==
21
22
23 (((
24 The Dragino LHT65N Temperature & Humidity sensor is a Long Range LoRaWAN Sensor. It includes a (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**built-in Temperature & Humidity sensor**(%%) and has an external sensor connector to connect to an external (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Temperature Sensor.**
25 )))
26
27 (((
28 The LHT65N allows users to send data and reach extremely long ranges. It provides ultra-long range spread spectrum communication and high interference immunity whilst minimizing current consumption. It targets professional wireless sensor network applications such as irrigation systems, smart metering, smart cities, building automation, and so on.
29 )))
30
31 (((
32 LHT65N has a built-in 2400mAh non-chargeable battery which can be used for up to 10 years*.
33 )))
34
35 (((
36 LHT65N is full compatible with LoRaWAN v1.0.3 Class A protocol, it can work with a standard LoRaWAN gateway.
37 )))
38
39 (((
40 LHT65N supports (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Datalog Feature**(%%). It will record the data when there is no network coverage and users can retrieve the sensor value later to ensure no miss for every sensor reading.
41 )))
42
43 (((
44 *The actual battery life depends on how often to send data, please see the battery analyzer chapter.
45 )))
46
47
48
49 == 1.2 Features ==
50
51
52 * Wall mountable
53 * LoRaWAN v1.0.3 Class A protocol
54 * Frequency Bands: CN470/EU433/KR920/US915/EU868/AS923/AU915
55 * AT Commands to change parameters
56 * Remote configure parameters via LoRaWAN Downlink
57 * Firmware upgradeable via program port
58 * Built-in 2400mAh battery for up to 10 years of use.
59 * Built-in Temperature & Humidity sensor
60 * Optional External Sensors
61 * Tri-color LED to indicate working status
62 * Datalog feature (Max 3328 records)
63
64 == 1.3 Specification ==
65
66
67 (% style="color:#037691" %)**Built-in Temperature Sensor:**
68
69 * Resolution: 0.01 °C
70 * Accuracy Tolerance : Typ ±0.3 °C
71 * Long Term Drift: < 0.02 °C/yr
72 * Operating Range: -40 ~~ 85 °C
73
74 (% style="color:#037691" %)**Built-in Humidity Sensor:**
75
76 * Resolution: 0.04 %RH
77 * Accuracy Tolerance : Typ ±3 %RH
78 * Long Term Drift: < 0.02 °C/yr
79 * Operating Range: 0 ~~ 96 %RH
80
81 (% style="color:#037691" %)**External Temperature Sensor:**
82
83 * Resolution: 0.0625 °C
84 * ±0.5°C accuracy from -10°C to +85°C
85 * ±2°C accuracy from -55°C to +125°C
86 * Operating Range: -55 °C ~~ 125 °C
87
88 = 2. Connect LHT65N to IoT Server =
89
90
91 == 2.1 How does LHT65N work? ==
92
93
94 (((
95 LHT65N is configured as LoRaWAN OTAA Class A mode by default. Each LHT65N is shipped with a worldwide unique set of OTAA keys. To use LHT65N in a LoRaWAN network, first, we need to put the OTAA keys in LoRaWAN Network Server and then activate LHT65N.
96 )))
97
98 (((
99 If LHT65N is under the coverage of this LoRaWAN network. LHT65N can join the LoRaWAN network automatically. After successfully joining, LHT65N will start to measure environment temperature and humidity, and start to transmit sensor data to the LoRaWAN server. The default period for each uplink is 20 minutes.
100 )))
101
102
103
104 == 2.2 How to Activate LHT65N? ==
105
106
107 (((
108 The LHT65N has two working modes:
109 )))
110
111 * (((
112 (% style="color:blue" %)**Deep Sleep Mode**(%%): LHT65N doesn’t have any LoRaWAN activation. This mode is used for storage and shipping to save battery life.
113 )))
114 * (((
115 (% style="color:blue" %)**Working Mode**(%%):  In this mode, LHT65N works as LoRaWAN Sensor mode to Join LoRaWAN network and send out the sensor data to the server. Between each sampling/tx/rx periodically, LHT65N will be in STOP mode (IDLE mode), in STOP mode, LHT65N has the same power consumption as Deep Sleep mode. 
116 )))
117
118 (((
119 The LHT65N is set in deep sleep mode by default; The ACT button on the front is to switch to different modes:
120 )))
121
122
123 [[image:image-20220515123819-1.png||_mstalt="430742" _mstvisible="3" height="379" width="317"]]
124
125 [[image:image-20220525110604-2.png||_mstalt="427531" _mstvisible="3"]]
126
127
128
129 == 2.3 Example to join LoRaWAN network ==
130
131
132 (% _msthash="315240" _msttexthash="9205482" _mstvisible="1" class="wikigeneratedid" %)
133 This section shows an example of how to join the TTN V3 LoRaWAN IoT server. Use with other LoRaWAN IoT servers is of a similar procedure.
134
135
136 (% _mstvisible="1" class="wikigeneratedid" %)
137 [[image:image-20220522232442-1.png||_mstalt="427830" _mstvisible="3" height="387" width="648"]]
138
139
140 (((
141 Assume the LPS8N is already set to connect to [[TTN V3 network>>url:https://eu1.cloud.thethings.network||_mstvisible="2"]], So it provides network coverage for LHT65N. Next we need to add the LHT65N device in TTN V3:
142 )))
143
144
145
146 === 2.3.1 Step 1: Create Device n TTN ===
147
148
149 (((
150 Create a device in TTN V3 with the OTAA keys from LHT65N.
151 )))
152
153 (((
154 Each LHT65N is shipped with a sticker with its device EUI, APP Key and APP EUI as below:
155 )))
156
157 [[image:image-20220617150003-1.jpeg]]
158
159 User can enter these keys in the LoRaWAN Server portal. Below is TTN V3 screenshot:
160
161 Add APP EUI in the application.
162
163
164 [[image:image-20220522232916-3.png||_mstalt="430495" _mstvisible="3"]]
165
166
167 [[image:image-20220522232932-4.png||_mstalt="430157" _mstvisible="3"]]
168
169
170 [[image:image-20220522232954-5.png||_mstalt="431847" _mstvisible="3"]]
171
172
173
174 (% style="color:red" %)**Note: LHT65N use same payload as LHT65.**
175
176
177 [[image:image-20220522233026-6.png||_mstalt="429403" _mstvisible="3"]]
178
179
180 Input APP EUI,  APP KEY and DEV EUI:
181
182
183 [[image:image-20220522233118-7.png||_mstalt="430430" _mstvisible="3"]]
184
185
186
187
188 === 2.3.2 Step 2: Activate LHT65N by pressing the ACT button for more than 5 seconds. ===
189
190
191 (((
192 Use ACT button to activate LHT65N and it will auto-join to the TTN V3 network. After join success, it will start to upload sensor data to TTN V3 and user can see in the panel.
193 )))
194
195 [[image:image-20220522233300-8.png||_mstalt="428389" _mstvisible="3" height="219" width="722"]]
196
197
198
199 == 2.4 Uplink Payload   ( Fport~=2) ==
200
201
202 (((
203 The uplink payload includes totally 11 bytes. Uplink packets use FPORT=2 and (% _mstvisible="3" style="color:#4f81bd" %)**every 20 minutes**(%%) send one uplink by default.
204 )))
205
206 (((
207 After each uplink, the (% _mstvisible="3" style="color:blue" %)**BLUE LED**(%%) will blink once.
208 )))
209
210 (% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:390px" %)
211 |=(% style="width: 60px;" %)(((
212 **Size(bytes)**
213 )))|=(% style="width: 30px;" %)(((
214 **2**
215 )))|=(% style="width: 100px;" %)(((
216 **2**
217 )))|=(% style="width: 100px;" %)(((
218 **2**
219 )))|=(% style="width: 50px;" %)(((
220 **1**
221 )))|=(% style="width: 50px;" %)(((
222 **4**
223 )))
224 |(% style="width:97px" %)(((
225 **Value**
226 )))|(% style="width:39px" %)(((
227 [[BAT>>||anchor="H2.4.2BAT-BatteryInfo"]]
228 )))|(% style="width:100px" %)(((
229 (((
230 [[Built-In Temperature>>||anchor="H2.4.3Built-inTemperature"]]
231 )))
232 )))|(% style="width:77px" %)(((
233 (((
234 [[Built-in Humidity>>||anchor="H2.4.4Built-inHumidity"]]
235 )))
236 )))|(% style="width:47px" %)(((
237 [[Ext>>||anchor="H2.4.5Ext23"]] #
238 )))|(% style="width:51px" %)(((
239 [[Ext value>>||anchor="H2.4.6Extvalue"]]
240 )))
241
242 * The First 6 bytes: has fix meanings for every LHT65N.
243 * The 7th byte (EXT #): defines the external sensor model.
244 * The 8(% _msthash="734578" _msttexthash="21372" _mstvisible="4" %)^^th^^(%%) ~~ 11(% _msthash="734579" _msttexthash="21372" _mstvisible="4" %)^^th^^(%%) byte: the value for external sensor value. The definition is based on external sensor type. (If EXT=0, there won't be these four bytes.)
245
246 === 2.4.1 Decoder in TTN V3 ===
247
248
249 When the uplink payload arrives TTNv3, it shows HEX format and not friendly to read. We can add LHT65N decoder in TTNv3 for friendly reading.
250
251 Below is the position to put the decoder and LHT65N decoder can be download from here: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/dragino-end-node-decoder>>https://github.com/dragino/dragino-end-node-decoder]]
252
253
254 [[image:image-20220522234118-10.png||_mstalt="451464" _mstvisible="3" height="353" width="729"]]
255
256
257
258 === 2.4.2 BAT-Battery Info ===
259
260
261 These two bytes of BAT include the battery state and the actually voltage
262
263 [[image:image-20220523152839-18.png||_mstalt="457613" _mstvisible="3"]]
264
265
266 [[image:image-20220522235639-1.png||_mstalt="431392" _mstvisible="3" height="139" width="727"]]
267
268
269 Check the battery voltage for LHT65N.
270
271 * BAT status=(0Xcba4>>14)&0xFF=11(B)，very good
272 * Battery Voltage =0xCBF6&0x3FFF=0x0BA4=2980mV
273
274 === 2.4.3 Built-in Temperature ===
275
276
277 [[image:image-20220522235639-2.png||_mstalt="431756" _mstvisible="3" height="138" width="722"]]
278
279 * Temperature:  0x0ABB/100=27.47℃
280
281 [[image:image-20220522235639-3.png||_mstalt="432120" _mstvisible="3"]]
282
283 * Temperature:  (0xF5C6-65536)/100=-26.18℃
284
285 === 2.4.4 Built-in Humidity ===
286
287
288 [[image:image-20220522235639-4.png||_mstalt="432484" _mstvisible="3" height="138" width="722"]]
289
290 * Humidity:    0x025C/10=60.4%
291
292 === 2.4.5 Ext # ===
293
294
295 Bytes for External Sensor:
296
297 [[image:image-20220523152822-17.png||_mstalt="454545" _mstvisible="3"]]
298
299
300
301 === 2.4.6 Ext value ===
302
303
304 ==== 2.4.6.1 Ext~=1, E3 Temperature Sensor ====
305
306
307 [[image:image-20220522235639-5.png||_mstalt="432848" _mstvisible="3"]]
308
309
310 * DS18B20 temp=0x0ADD/100=27.81℃
311
312 The last 2 bytes of data are meaningless
313
314
315
316 [[image:image-20220522235639-6.png||_mstalt="433212" _mstvisible="3"]]
317
318
319 * External temperature= (0xF54F-65536)/100=-27.37℃
320
321 The last 2 bytes of data are meaningless
322
323 If the external sensor is 0x01, and there is no external temperature connected. The temperature will be set to 7FFF which is 327.67℃
324
325
326
327 ==== 2.4.6.2 Ext~=9, E3 sensor with Unix Timestamp ====
328
329
330 (((
331 Timestamp mode is designed for LHT65N with E3 probe, it will send the uplink payload with Unix timestamp. With the limitation of 11 bytes (max distance of AU915/US915/AS923 band), the time stamp mode will be lack of BAT voltage field, instead, it shows the battery status. The payload is as below:
332 )))
333
334 (((
335
336 )))
337
338 (% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:480px" %)
339 |=(% style="width: 50px;" %)(((
340 **Size(bytes)**
341 )))|=(% style="width: 70px;" %)(((
342 **2**
343 )))|=(% style="width: 120px;" %)(((
344 **2**
345 )))|=(% style="width: 120px;" %)(((
346 **2**
347 )))|=(% style="width: 50px;" %)(((
348 **1**
349 )))|=(% style="width: 70px;" %)(((
350 **4**
351 )))
352 |(% style="width:110px" %)(((
353 **Value**
354 )))|(% style="width:71px" %)(((
355 [[External temperature>>||anchor="H4.2SetExternalSensorMode"]]
356 )))|(% style="width:99px" %)(((
357 [[Built-In Temperature>>||anchor="H2.4.3Built-inTemperature"]]
358 )))|(% style="width:132px" %)(((
359 BAT Status & [[Built-in Humidity>>||anchor="H2.4.4Built-inHumidity"]]
360 )))|(% style="width:54px" %)(((
361 Status & Ext
362 )))|(% style="width:64px" %)(((
363 [[Unix Time Stamp>>||anchor="H2.6.2UnixTimeStamp"]]
364 )))
365
366 * **Battery status & Built-in Humidity**
367
368 (% _mstvisible="1" border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:461px" %)
369 |=(% style="width: 67px;" %)Bit(bit)|=(% style="width: 256px;" %)[15:14]|=(% style="width: 132px;" %)[11:0]
370 |(% style="width:67px" %)Value|(% style="width:256px" %)(((
371 BAT Status
372 00(b): Ultra Low ( BAT <= 2.50v)
373 01(b): Low  (2.50v <=BAT <= 2.55v)
374 10(b): OK   (2.55v <= BAT <=2.65v)
375 11(b): Good   (BAT >= 2.65v)
376 )))|(% style="width:132px" %)(((
377 [[Built-in Humidity>>||anchor="H2.4.4Built-inHumidity"]]
378 )))
379
380 * **Status & Ext Byte**
381
382 (% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:500px" %)
383 |=(% scope="row" style="width: 60px;" %)**Bits**|(% style="width:90px" %)**7**|(% style="width:100px" %)**6**|(% style="width:90px" %)**5**|(% style="width:100px" %)**4**|(% style="width:60px" %)**[3:0]**
384 |=(% style="width: 96px;" %)**Status&Ext**|(% style="width:124px" %)None-ACK Flag|(% style="width:146px" %)Poll Message FLAG|(% style="width:109px" %)Sync time OK|(% style="width:143px" %)Unix Time Request|(% style="width:106px" %)Ext: 0b(1001)
385
386 * (% style="color:blue" %)**Poll Message Flag**:(%%)  1: This message is a poll message reply, 0: means this is a normal uplink.
387 * (% style="color:blue" %)**Sync time OK**: (%%) 1: Set time ok，0: N/A. After time SYNC request is sent, LHT65N will set this bit to 0 until got the time stamp from the application server.
388 * (% style="color:blue" %)**Unix Time Request**:(%%)  1: Request server downlink Unix time, 0 : N/A. In this mode, LHT65N will set this bit to 1 every 10 days to request a time SYNC. (AT+SYNCMOD to set this)
389
390 ==== 2.4.6.3 Ext~=6, ADC Sensor (use with E2 Cable) ====
391
392
393 In this mode, user can connect external ADC sensor to check ADC value. The 3V3_OUT can
394
395 be used to power the external ADC sensor; user can control the power on time for this
396
397 (% style="color:blue" %)**sensor by setting:**
398
399 **AT+EXT=6,timeout**  (% _msthash="506085" _msttexthash="8782189" _mstvisible="3" style="color:red" %)**Time to power this sensor, from 0 ~~ 65535ms**
400
401 **For example:**
402
403 AT+EXT=6,1000 will power this sensor for 1000ms before sampling the ADC value.
404
405
406 Or use **downlink command A2** to set the same.
407
408 The measuring range of the node is only about 0.1V to 1.1V The voltage resolution is about 0.24mv.
409
410 When the measured output voltage of the sensor is not within the range of 0.1V and 1.1V, the output voltage terminal of the sensor shall be divided The example in the following figure is to reduce the output voltage of the sensor by three times If it is necessary to reduce more times, calculate according to the formula in the figure and connect the corresponding resistance in series.
411
412 [[image:image-20220628150112-1.png||height="241" width="285"]]
413
414
415 When ADC_IN1 pin is connected to GND or suspended, ADC value is 0
416
417 [[image:image-20220628150714-4.png]]
418
419
420 When the voltage collected by ADC_IN1 is less than the minimum range, the minimum range will be used as the output; Similarly, when the collected voltage is greater than the maximum range, the maximum range will be used as the output.
421
422
423 1) The minimum range is about 0.1V. Each chip has internal calibration, so this value is close to 0.1V
424
425 [[image:image-20220628151005-5.png]]
426
427
428 2) The maximum range is about 1.1V. Each chip has internal calibration, so this value is close to 1.1v
429
430 [[image:image-20220628151056-6.png]]
431
432
433 3) Within range
434
435 [[image:image-20220628151143-7.png]]
436
437
438
439 ==== 2.4.6.4 Ext~=2 TMP117 Sensor （Since Firmware v1.3） ====
440
441
442 [[image:image-20220927095645-1.png||height="534" width="460"]]
443
444
445 (% style="color:blue" %)**Ext=2,Temperature Sensor(TMP117)：**
446
447 [[image:image-20220906102307-7.png]]
448
449
450 (% style="color:blue" %)**Interrupt Mode and Counting Mode:**
451
452 The external cable NE2 can be use for MOD4 and MOD8
453
454
455
456 ==== 2.4.6.5 Ext~=4 Interrupt Mode （Since Firmware v1.3） ====
457
458
459 (% style="color:red" %)**Note: In this mode, 3.3v output will be always ON. LHT65N will send an uplink when there is a trigger.**
460
461
462 (% style="color:blue" %)**Interrupt Mode can be used to connect to external interrupt sensors such as:**
463
464 (% style="color:#037691" %)**Case 1: Door Sensor.** (%%)3.3v Out for such sensor is just to detect Open/Close.
465
466 In Open State, the power consumption is the same as if there is no probe
467
468 In Close state, the power consumption will be 3uA higher than normal.
469
470 [[image:image-20220906100852-1.png||height="205" width="377"]]
471
472
473 Ext=4,Interrupt Sensor：
474
475 (% border="1.5" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; height:6px; width:478px" %)
476 |(% style="width:101px" %)(((
477 AT+EXT=4,1
478 )))|(% style="width:373px" %)(((
479 Sent uplink packet in both rising and falling interrupt
480 )))
481 |(% style="width:101px" %)(((
482 AT+EXT=4,2
483 )))|(% style="width:373px" %)(((
484 Sent uplink packet only in falling interrupt
485 )))
486 |(% style="width:101px" %)(((
487 AT+EXT=4,3
488 )))|(% style="width:373px" %)(((
489 Sent uplink packet only in rising interrupt
490 )))
491
492 Trigger by falling edge:
493
494 [[image:image-20220906101145-2.png]]
495
496
497 Trigger by raising edge：
498
499 [[image:image-20220906101145-3.png]]
500
501
502
503 ==== 2.4.6.6 Ext~=8 Counting Mode（Since Firmware v1.3） ====
504
505
506 (% style="color:red" %)**Note: In this mode, 3.3v output will be always ON. LHT65N will count for every interrupt and uplink periodically.**
507
508
509 (% style="color:blue" %)**Case 1**(%%):  Low power consumption Flow Sensor, such flow sensor has pulse output and the power consumption in uA level and can be powered by LHT65N.
510
511 [[image:image-20220906101320-4.png||height="366" width="698"]]
512
513
514 (% style="color:blue" %)**Case 2**(%%):  Normal Flow Sensor: Such flow sensor has higher power consumption and is not suitable to be powered by LHT65N. It is powered by external power and output <3.3v pulse
515
516 [[image:image-20220906101320-5.png||height="353" width="696"]]
517
518
519 Ext=8, Counting Sensor ( 4 bytes)：
520
521 (% border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; height:6px; width:381px" %)
522 |(% style="width:138px" %)(((
523 AT+EXT=8,0
524 )))|(% style="width:240px" %)(((
525 Count at falling interrupt
526 )))
527 |(% style="width:138px" %)(((
528 AT+EXT=8,1
529 )))|(% style="width:240px" %)(((
530 Count at rising interrupt
531 )))
532 |(% style="width:138px" %)(((
533 AT+SETCNT=60
534 )))|(% style="width:240px" %)(((
535 Sent current count to 60
536 )))
537
538 [[image:image-20220906101320-6.png]]
539
540
541 (% style="color:blue" %)**A2 downlink Command：**
542
543 A2 02:  Same as AT+EXT=2 (AT+EXT= second byte)
544
545 A2 06 01 F4:  Same as AT+EXT=6,500 (AT+EXT= second byte, third and fourth bytes)
546
547 A2 04 02:  Same as AT+EXT=4,2 (AT+EXT= second byte, third byte)
548
549 A2 08 01 00:  Same as AT+EXT=8,0 (AT+EXT= second byte, fourth byte)
550
551 A2 08 02 00 00 00 3C:  Same as AT+ SETCNT=60  (AT+ SETCNT = 4th byte and 5th byte and 6th byte and 7th byte)
552
553
554
555 == 2.5 Show data on Datacake ==
556
557
558 (((
559 Datacake IoT platform provides a human-friendly interface to show the sensor data, once we have sensor data in TTN V3, we can use Datacake to connect to TTN V3 and see the data in Datacake. Below are the steps:
560 )))
561
562 (((
563
564 )))
565
566 (((
567 (% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1**(%%): Be sure that your device is programmed and properly connected to the LoRaWAN network.
568 )))
569
570 (((
571 (% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2**(%%): Configure your Application to forward data to Datacake you will need to add integration. Go to TTN V3 Console ~-~-> Applications ~-~-> Integrations ~-~-> Add Integrations.
572 )))
573
574 (((
575
576 )))
577
578 (((
579 Add Datacake:
580 )))
581
582
583 [[image:image-20220523000825-7.png||_mstalt="429884" _mstvisible="3" height="262" width="583"]]
584
585
586
587 Select default key as Access Key:
588
589
590 [[image:image-20220523000825-8.png||_mstalt="430248" _mstvisible="3" height="453" width="406"]]
591
592
593 In Datacake console ([[https:~~/~~/datacake.co/>>url:https://datacake.co/||_mstvisible="2"]]) , add LHT65 device.
594
595
596 [[image:image-20220523000825-9.png||_mstalt="430612" _mstvisible="3" height="366" width="392"]]
597
598
599 [[image:image-20220523000825-10.png||_mstalt="450619" _mstvisible="3" height="413" width="728"]]
600
601
602
603 == 2.6 Datalog Feature ==
604
605
606 (((
607 Datalog Feature is to ensure IoT Server can get all sampling data from Sensor even if the LoRaWAN network is down. For each sampling, LHT65N will store the reading for future retrieving purposes. There are two ways for IoT servers to get datalog from LHT65N.
608 )))
609
610
611
612 === 2.6.1 Ways to get datalog via LoRaWAN ===
613
614
615 There are two methods:
616
617 (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 1:** (%%)IoT Server sends a downlink LoRaWAN command to [[poll the value>>||anchor="H2.6.4Pollsensorvalue"]] for specified time range.
618
619
620 (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 2: **(%%)Set [[PNACKMD=1>>||anchor="H4.13AutoSendNone-ACKmessages"]], LHT65N will wait for ACK for every uplink, when there is no LoRaWAN network, LHT65N will mark these records with non-ack messages and store the sensor data, and it will send all messages (10s interval) after the network recovery.
621
622
623 (% style="color:red" %)**Note for method 2:**
624
625 * a) LHT65N will do an ACK check for data records sending to make sure every data arrive server.
626 * b) LHT65N will send data in **CONFIRMED Mode** when PNACKMD=1, but LHT65N won't re-transmit the packet if it doesn't get ACK, it will just mark it as a NONE-ACK message. In a future uplink if LHT65N gets a ACK, LHT65N will consider there is a network connection and resend all NONE-ACK Message.
627
628 Below is the typical case for the auto-update datalog feature (Set PNACKMD=1)
629
630
631 [[image:image-20220703111700-2.png||height="381" width="1119"]]
632
633
634
635 === 2.6.2 Unix TimeStamp ===
636
637
638 LHT65N uses Unix TimeStamp format based on
639
640
641 [[image:image-20220523001219-11.png||_mstalt="450450" _mstvisible="3" height="97" width="627"]]
642
643
644
645 User can get this time from link:  [[https:~~/~~/www.epochconverter.com/>>url:https://www.epochconverter.com/||_mstvisible="3"]] :
646
647 Below is the converter example
648
649 [[image:image-20220523001219-12.png||_mstalt="450827" _mstvisible="3" height="298" width="720"]]
650
651 So, we can use AT+TIMESTAMP=1611889405 or downlink 3060137afd00 to set the current time 2021 – Jan ~-~- 29 Friday 03:03:25
652
653
654
655 === 2.6.3 Set Device Time ===
656
657
658 (((
659 (% style="color:blue" %)**There are two ways to set device's time:**
660 )))
661
662 (((
663 **1.  Through LoRaWAN MAC Command (Default settings)**
664 )))
665
666 (((
667 User need to set SYNCMOD=1 to enable sync time via MAC command.
668 )))
669
670 (((
671 Once LHT65N Joined LoRaWAN network, it will send the MAC command (DeviceTimeReq) and the server will reply with (DeviceTimeAns) to send the current time to LHT65N. If LHT65N fails to get the time from the server, LHT65N will use the internal time and wait for next time request (AT+SYNCTDC to set the time request period, default is 10 days).
672 )))
673
674 (((
675 (% style="color:red" %)**Note: LoRaWAN Server need to support LoRaWAN v1.0.3(MAC v1.0.3) or higher to support this MAC command feature, Chirpstack,TTN V3 v3 and loriot support but TTN V3 v2 doesn't support. If server doesn't support this command, it will through away uplink packet with this command, so user will lose the packet with time request for TTN V3 v2 if SYNCMOD=1.**
676 )))
677
678 (((
679
680 )))
681
682 (((
683 **2. Manually Set Time**
684 )))
685
686 (((
687 User needs to set SYNCMOD=0 to manual time, otherwise, the user set time will be overwritten by the time set by the server.
688 )))
689
690
691
692 === 2.6.4 Poll sensor value ===
693
694
695 User can poll sensor value based on timestamps from the server. Below is the downlink command.
696
697 [[image:image-20220523152302-15.png||_mstalt="451581" _mstvisible="3"]]
698
699
700 Timestamp start and Timestamp end use Unix TimeStamp format as mentioned above. Devices will reply with all data log during this time period, use the uplink interval.
701
702 For example, downlink command **31 5FC5F350 5FC6 0160 05**
703
704 Is to check 2020/12/1 07:40:00 to 2020/12/1 08:40:00’s data
705
706 Uplink Internal =5s，means LHT65N will send one packet every 5s. range 5~~255s.
707
708
709
710 === 2.6.5 Datalog Uplink payload ===
711
712
713 The Datalog poll reply uplink will use below payload format.
714
715 **Retrieval data payload:**
716
717 (% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:480px" %)
718 |=(% style="width: 60px;" %)(((
719 **Size(bytes)**
720 )))|=(% style="width: 90px;" %)**2**|=(% style="width: 90px;" %)**2**|=(% style="width: 70px;" %)**2**|=(% style="width: 100px;" %)**1**|=(% style="width: 70px;" %)**4**
721 |(% style="width:97px" %)**Value**|(% style="width:123px" %)[[External sensor data>>||anchor="H2.4.6Extvalue"]]|(% style="width:108px" %)[[Built In Temperature>>||anchor="H2.4.3Built-inTemperature"]]|(% style="width:133px" %)[[Built-in Humidity>>||anchor="H2.4.4Built-inHumidity"]]|(% style="width:159px" %)Poll message flag & Ext|(% style="width:80px" %)[[Unix Time Stamp>>||anchor="H2.6.2UnixTimeStamp"]]
722
723 **Poll message flag & Ext:**
724
725 [[image:image-20221006192726-1.png||height="112" width="754"]]
726
727 (% style="color:blue" %)**No ACK Message**(%%):  1: This message means this payload is fromn Uplink Message which doesn't get ACK from the server before ( for [[PNACKMD=1>>||anchor="H4.13AutoSendNone-ACKmessages"]] feature)
728
729 (% style="color:blue" %)**Poll Message Flag**(%%): 1: This message is a poll message reply.
730
731 * Poll Message Flag is set to 1.
732
733 * Each data entry is 11 bytes, to save airtime and battery, devices will send max bytes according to the current DR and Frequency bands.
734
735 For example, in US915 band, the max payload for different DR is:
736
737 (% style="color:blue" %)**a) DR0:** (%%)max is 11 bytes so one entry of data
738
739 (% style="color:blue" %)**b) DR1:**(%%) max is 53 bytes so devices will upload 4 entries of data (total 44 bytes)
740
741 (% style="color:blue" %)**c) DR2:**(%%) total payload includes 11 entries of data
742
743 (% style="color:blue" %)**d) DR3: **(%%)total payload includes 22 entries of data.
744
745 If devise doesn't have any data in the polling time. Device will uplink 11 bytes of 0   
746
747
748 **Example:**
749
750 If LHT65N has below data inside Flash:
751
752 [[image:image-20220523144455-1.png||_mstalt="430040" _mstvisible="3" height="335" width="735"]]
753
754
755 If user sends below downlink command: (% style="background-color:yellow" %)3160065F9760066DA705
756
757 Where : Start time: 60065F97 = time 21/1/19 04:27:03
758
759 Stop time: 60066DA7= time 21/1/19 05:27:03
760
761
762 **LHT65N will uplink this payload.**
763
764 [[image:image-20220523001219-13.png||_mstalt="451204" _mstvisible="3" height="421" style="text-align:left" width="727"]]
765
766
767 __**7FFF089801464160065F97**__ **__7FFF__ __088E__ __014B__ __41__ __60066009__** 7FFF0885014E41600660667FFF0875015141600662BE7FFF086B015541600665167FFF08660155416006676E7FFF085F015A41600669C67FFF0857015D4160066C1E
768
769 Where the first 11 bytes is for the first entry:
770
771 7FFF089801464160065F97
772
773 Ext sensor data=0x7FFF/100=327.67
774
775 Temp=0x088E/100=22.00
776
777 Hum=0x014B/10=32.6
778
779 poll message flag & Ext=0x41,means reply data,Ext=1
780
781 Unix time is 0x60066009=1611030423s=21/1/19 04:27:03
782
783
784
785 == 2.7 Alarm Mode & Feature "Multi sampling, one uplink" ==
786
787
788 (((
789 when the device is in alarm mode, it checks the built-in sensor temperature for a short time. if the temperature exceeds the preconfigured range, it sends an uplink immediately.
790 )))
791
792 (((
793 (% style="color:red" %)**Note: alarm mode adds a little power consumption, and we recommend extending the normal read time when this feature is enabled.**
794
795
796
797 === 2.7.1 ALARM MODE ( Since v1.3.1 firmware) ===
798
799
800 **Internal GXHT30 temperature alarm**
801
802 (((
803 (% class="box infomessage" %)
804 (((
805 **AT+WMOD=3**:  Enable/disable alarm mode. (0: Disabled, 1: Enabled Temperature Alarm for onboard temperature sensor)
806
807 **AT+CITEMP=1**:  The interval between checking the alarm temperature. (In minutes)
808
809 **AT+ARTEMP**:  Gets or sets the alarm range of the internal temperature sensor
810
811 **AT+ARTEMP=？ **:  Gets the alarm range of the internal temperature sensor(% _mstvisible="3" style="display:none" %)
812
813 **AT+ARTEMP=45,105**:  Set the internal temperature sensor alarm range from 45 to 105.
814
815 **AT+LEDALARM=1** :       Enable LED visual Alarm.
816 )))
817 )))
818
819 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Downlink Command:**
820
821 AT+WMOD=1:  A501  ,  AT+WMOD=0 :  A600
822
823 AT+CITEMP=1 : A60001
824
825 AT+ARTEMP=1,60  :  A70001003C
826
827 AT+ARTEMP=-16,60 :  A7FFF0003C
828
829 AT+LEDALARM=1  :  3601
830
831
832 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Downlink Command: AAXXXXXXXXXXXXXX**
833
834 Total bytes: 8 bytes
835
836 **Example: **AA0100010001003C
837
838 WMOD=01
839
840 CITEMP=0001
841
842 TEMPlow=0001
843
844 TEMPhigh=003C
845
846
847 **DS18B20 and TMP117 Threshold Alarm**
848
849 **~ AT+WMOD=1,60,-10,20**
850
851 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Downlink Command:**
852
853 **Example: **A5013CFC180014
854
855 MOD=01
856
857 CITEMP=3C(S)
858
859 TEMPlow=FC18
860
861 TEMPhigh=0014
862
863
864 **Fluctuation alarm for DS18B20 and TMP117**
865
866 **AT+WMOD=2,60,5** 
867
868 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Downlink Command:**
869
870 **Example: **A5023C05
871
872 MOD=02
873
874 CITEMP=3C(S)
875
876 temperature fluctuation=05
877
878
879 ==== **Sampling multiple times and uplink together** ====
880
881 **AT+WMOD=3,1,60,20,-16,32,1**  ~/~/ Mode 3, the collection interval is 60s, the total number of collection is 20 times, and the data of these 20 times will be sent to the 20th time, with a maximum of 60 groups, the normal working temperature range is -16 to 32°C, 1 is to open the temperature alarm, 0 is to close the temperature alarm, and the temperature is turned on. After the alarm, if the temperature collected at the current time exceeds the normal working temperature, a data will be sent immediately.
882
883 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Downlink Command:**
884
885 **Example: **A50301003C14FFF0002001
886
887 MOD=03
888
889 EXT=01
890
891 CITEMP=003C(S)
892
893 Total number of acquisitions=14
894
895 TEMPlow=FFF0
896
897 TEMPhigh=0020
898
899 ARTEMP=01
900
901
902 **Uplink payload( Fport=3)**
903
904 **Example: **CBEA0109920A4109C4
905
906 BatV=CBEA
907
908 EXT=01
909
910 Temp1=0992  ~/~/ 24.50℃
911
912 Temp2=0A41  ~/~/ 26.25℃
913
914 Temp3=09C4  ~/~/ 25.00℃
915
916
917 (% style="color:red" %)**Note: This uplink will automatically select the appropriate DR according to the data length**
918
919 (% style="color:red" %)** In this mode, the temperature resolution of ds18b20 is 0.25℃ to save power consumption**
920
921
922
923 )))
924
925 (((
926 === 2.7.2 ALARM MODE ( Before v1.3.1 firmware) ===
927
928
929 )))
930
931 (% _mstvisible="1" class="box infomessage" %)
932 (((
933 (((
934 **AT+WMOD=1**:  Enable/disable alarm mode. (0: Disabled, 1: Enabled Temperature Alarm for onboard temperature sensor)
935 )))
936
937 (((
938 **AT+CITEMP=1**:  The interval between checking the alarm temperature. (In minutes)
939 )))
940
941 (((
942 **AT+ARTEMP**:  Gets or sets the alarm range of the internal temperature sensor
943 )))
944
945 (((
946 **AT+ARTEMP=？ **:  Gets the alarm range of the internal temperature sensor(% _mstvisible="3" style="display:none" %)
947 )))
948
949 (((
950 **AT+ARTEMP=45,105**:  Set the internal temperature sensor alarm range from 45 to 105.
951 )))
952 )))
953
954 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Downlink Command: AAXXXXXXXXXXXXXX**
955
956 Total bytes: 8 bytes
957
958 **Example:**AA0100010001003C
959
960 WMOD=01
961
962 CITEMP=0001
963
964 TEMPlow=0001
965
966 TEMPhigh=003C
967
968
969
970 == 2.8 LED Indicator ==
971
972
973 The LHT65 has a triple color LED which for easy showing different stage .
974
975 While user press ACT button, the LED will work as per LED status with ACT button.
976
977 In a normal working state:
978
979 * For each uplink, the BLUE LED or RED LED will blink once.
980 BLUE LED when external sensor is connected.
981 * RED LED when external sensor is not connected
982 * For each success downlink, the PURPLE LED will blink once
983
984 == 2.9 installation ==
985
986
987 (% _mstvisible="1" %)
988 [[image:image-20220516231650-1.png||_mstalt="428597" _mstvisible="3" height="436" width="428"]]
989
990
991
992 = 3. Sensors and Accessories =
993
994
995 == 3.1 E2 Extension Cable ==
996
997
998 [[image:image-20220619092222-1.png||height="182" width="188"]][[image:image-20220619092313-2.png||height="182" width="173"]]
999
1000
1001 **1m long breakout cable for LHT65N. Features:**
1002
1003 * (((
1004 Use for AT Command， works for both LHT52/LHT65N
1005 )))
1006 * (((
1007 Update firmware for LHT65N, works for both LHT52/LHT65N
1008 )))
1009 * (((
1010 Supports ADC mode to monitor external ADC
1011 )))
1012 * (((
1013 Supports Interrupt mode
1014 )))
1015 * (((
1016 Exposed All pins from the LHT65N Type-C connector.
1017
1018
1019
1020 )))
1021
1022 [[image:image-20220619092421-3.png||height="371" width="529"]]
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027 == 3.2 E3 Temperature Probe ==
1028
1029
1030 [[image:image-20220515080154-4.png||_mstalt="434681" _mstvisible="3" alt="photo-20220515080154-4.png" height="182" width="161"]] [[image:image-20220515080330-5.png||_mstalt="428792" _mstvisible="3" height="201" width="195"]]
1031
1032
1033 Temperature sensor with 2 meters cable long
1034
1035 * Resolution: 0.0625 °C
1036 * ±0.5°C accuracy from -10°C to +85°C
1037 * ±2°C accuracy from -55°C to +125°C
1038 * Operating Range: -40 ~~ 125 °C
1039 * Working voltage 2.35v ~~ 5v
1040
1041 = 4. Configure LHT65N via AT command or LoRaWAN downlink =
1042
1043
1044 (((
1045 Use can configure LHT65N via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink.
1046 )))
1047
1048 * (((
1049 AT Command Connection: See [[FAQ>>||anchor="H6.FAQ"]].
1050 )))
1051
1052 * (((
1053 LoRaWAN Downlink instruction for different platforms: [[IoT LoRaWAN Server>>doc:Main.WebHome]]
1054 )))
1055
1056 (((
1057 There are two kinds of commands to configure LHT65N, they are:
1058 )))
1059
1060 * (((
1061 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**General Commands**.
1062 )))
1063
1064 (((
1065 These commands are to configure:
1066 )))
1067
1068 1. (((
1069 General system settings like: uplink interval.
1070 )))
1071 1. (((
1072 LoRaWAN protocol & radio-related commands.
1073 )))
1074
1075 (((
1076 They are the same for all Dragino Devices which supports DLWS-005 LoRaWAN Stack(Note~*~*). These commands can be found on the wiki: [[End Device Downlink Command>>doc:Main.End Device AT Commands and Downlink Command.WebHome]]
1077 )))
1078
1079 * (((
1080 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Commands special design for LHT65N**
1081 )))
1082
1083 (((
1084 These commands are only valid for LHT65N, as below:
1085 )))
1086
1087
1088
1089 == 4.1 Set Transmit Interval Time ==
1090
1091
1092 Feature: Change LoRaWAN End Node Transmit Interval.
1093
1094
1095 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**AT Command: AT+TDC**
1096
1097 [[image:image-20220523150701-2.png||_mstalt="427453" _mstvisible="3"]]
1098
1099
1100 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Downlink Command: 0x01**
1101
1102 Format: Command Code (0x01) followed by 3 bytes time value.
1103
1104 If the downlink payload=0100003C, it means set the END Node's Transmit Interval to 0x00003C=60(S), while type code is 01.
1105
1106 * **Example 1**: Downlink Payload: 0100001E  ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 30 seconds
1107
1108 * **Example 2**: Downlink Payload: 0100003C  ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 60 seconds
1109
1110 == 4.2 Set External Sensor Mode ==
1111
1112
1113 Feature: Change External Sensor Mode.
1114
1115
1116 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**AT Command: AT+EXT**
1117
1118 [[image:image-20220523150759-3.png||_mstalt="432146" _mstvisible="3"]]
1119
1120
1121 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Downlink Command: 0xA2**
1122
1123 Total bytes: 2 ~~ 5 bytes
1124
1125 **Example:**
1126
1127 * 0xA201: Set external sensor type to E1
1128
1129 * 0xA209: Same as AT+EXT=9
1130
1131 * 0xA20702003c: Same as AT+SETCNT=60
1132
1133 == 4.3 Enable/Disable uplink Temperature probe ID ==
1134
1135
1136 (((
1137 Feature: If PID is enabled, device will send the temperature probe ID on:
1138 )))
1139
1140 * (((
1141 First Packet after OTAA Join
1142 )))
1143 * (((
1144 Every 24 hours since the first packet.
1145 )))
1146
1147 (((
1148 PID is default set to disable (0)
1149
1150
1151 )))
1152
1153 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**AT Command:**
1154
1155 [[image:image-20220523150928-4.png||_mstalt="431821" _mstvisible="3"]]
1156
1157
1158 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Downlink Command:**
1159
1160 * **0xA800**  **~-~->** AT+PID=0
1161 * **0xA801**     **~-~->** AT+PID=1
1162
1163 == 4.4 Set Password ==
1164
1165
1166 Feature: Set device password, max 9 digits
1167
1168
1169 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**AT Command: AT+PWORD**
1170
1171 [[image:image-20220523151052-5.png||_mstalt="428623" _mstvisible="3"]]
1172
1173
1174 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Downlink Command:**
1175
1176 No downlink command for this feature.
1177
1178
1179
1180 == 4.5 Quit AT Command ==
1181
1182
1183 Feature: Quit AT Command mode, so user needs to input password again before use AT Commands.
1184
1185
1186 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**AT Command: AT+DISAT**
1187
1188 [[image:image-20220523151132-6.png||_mstalt="428649" _mstvisible="3"]]
1189
1190
1191 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Downlink Command:**
1192
1193 No downlink command for this feature.
1194
1195
1196
1197 == 4.6 Set to sleep mode ==
1198
1199
1200 Feature: Set device to sleep mode
1201
1202 * **AT+Sleep=0**  : Normal working mode, device will sleep and use lower power when there is no LoRa message
1203 * **AT+Sleep=1** :  Device is in deep sleep mode, no LoRa activation happen, used for storage or shipping.
1204
1205 (% _msthash="315251" _msttexthash="289783" style="color:#4f81bd" %)**AT Command: AT+SLEEP**
1206
1207 [[image:image-20220523151218-7.png||_mstalt="430703" _mstvisible="3"]]
1208
1209
1210 (% _msthash="315252" _msttexthash="298038" style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Downlink Command:**
1211
1212 * There is no downlink command to set to Sleep mode.
1213
1214 == 4.7 Set system time ==
1215
1216
1217 Feature: Set system time, unix format. [[See here for format detail.>>||anchor="H2.6.2UnixTimeStamp"]]
1218
1219
1220 (% _msthash="315253" _msttexthash="137488" style="color:#4f81bd" %)**AT Command:**
1221
1222 [[image:image-20220523151253-8.png||_mstalt="430677" _mstvisible="3"]]
1223
1224
1225 (% _msthash="315254" _msttexthash="298038" style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Downlink Command:**
1226
1227 0x306007806000  ~/~/  Set timestamp to 0x(6007806000),Same as AT+TIMESTAMP=1611104352
1228
1229
1230
1231 == 4.8 Set Time Sync Mode ==
1232
1233
1234 (((
1235 Feature: Enable/Disable Sync system time via LoRaWAN MAC Command (DeviceTimeReq), LoRaWAN server must support v1.0.3 protocol to reply this command.
1236 )))
1237
1238 (((
1239 SYNCMOD is set to 1 by default. If user want to set a different time from LoRaWAN server, user need to set this to 0.
1240
1241
1242 )))
1243
1244 (% _msthash="506058" _msttexthash="137488" style="color:#4f81bd" %)**AT Command:**
1245
1246 [[image:image-20220523151336-9.png||_mstalt="431717" _mstvisible="3"]]
1247
1248
1249 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Downlink Command:**
1250
1251 0x28 01  ~/~/  Same As AT+SYNCMOD=1
1252 0x28 00  ~/~/  Same As AT+SYNCMOD=0
1253
1254
1255
1256 == 4.9 Set Time Sync Interval ==
1257
1258
1259 Feature: Define System time sync interval. SYNCTDC default value: 10 days.
1260
1261
1262 (% _msthash="315256" _msttexthash="137488" style="color:#4f81bd" %)**AT Command:**
1263
1264 [[image:image-20220523151411-10.png||_mstalt="449696" _mstvisible="3"]]
1265
1266
1267 (% _msthash="315257" _msttexthash="298038" style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Downlink Command:**
1268
1269 **0x29 0A**  ~/~/ Same as AT+SYNCTDC=0x0A
1270
1271
1272
1273 == 4.10 Print data entries base on page. ==
1274
1275
1276 Feature: Print the sector data from start page to stop page (max is 416 pages).
1277
1278
1279 (% _msthash="315258" _msttexthash="264953" style="color:#4f81bd" %)**AT Command: AT+PDTA**
1280
1281 [[image:image-20220523151450-11.png||_mstalt="451035" _mstvisible="3"]]
1282
1283
1284 (% _msthash="315259" _msttexthash="298038" style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Downlink Command:**
1285
1286 No downlink commands for feature
1287
1288
1289
1290 == 4.11 Print last few data entries. ==
1291
1292
1293 Feature: Print the last few data entries
1294
1295
1296 (% _msthash="315260" _msttexthash="288522" style="color:#4f81bd" %)**AT Command: AT+PLDTA**
1297
1298 [[image:image-20220523151524-12.png||_mstalt="452101" _mstvisible="3"]]
1299
1300
1301 (% _msthash="315261" _msttexthash="298038" style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Downlink Command:**
1302
1303 No downlink commands for feature
1304
1305
1306
1307 == 4.12 Clear Flash Record ==
1308
1309
1310 Feature: Clear flash storage for data log feature.
1311
1312
1313 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**AT Command: AT+CLRDTA**
1314
1315 [[image:image-20220523151556-13.png||_mstalt="454129" _mstvisible="3"]]
1316
1317
1318 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Downlink Command: 0xA3**
1319
1320 * Example: 0xA301  ~/~/  Same as AT+CLRDTA
1321
1322 == 4.13 Auto Send None-ACK messages ==
1323
1324
1325 Feature: LHT65N will wait for ACK for each uplink, If LHT65N doesn't get ACK from the IoT server, it will consider the message doesn't arrive server and store it. LHT65N keeps sending messages in normal periodically. Once LHT65N gets ACK from a server, it will consider the network is ok and start to send the not-arrive message.
1326
1327
1328 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**AT Command: AT+PNACKMD**
1329
1330 The default factory setting is 0
1331
1332 (% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:367px" %)
1333 |=(% style="width: 158px;" %)**Command Example**|=(% style="width: 118px;" %)**Function**|=(% style="width: 87px;" %)**Response**
1334 |(% style="width:158px" %)AT+PNACKMD=1|(% style="width:118px" %)Poll None-ACK message|(% style="width:87px" %)OK
1335
1336 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Downlink Command: 0x34**
1337
1338 * Example: 0x3401  ~/~/  Same as AT+PNACKMD=1
1339
1340 == 4.14 Modified WMOD command for external sensor TMP117 or DS18B20 temperature alarm（Since firmware 1.3.0） ==
1341
1342
1343 Feature: Set internal and external temperature sensor alarms.
1344
1345 (% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:500px" %)
1346 |=(% style="width: 250px;" %)**Command Example**|=(% style="width: 200px;" %)**Function**|=(% style="width: 50px;" %)**Response**
1347 |(% style="width:268px" %)AT+WMOD=parameter1,parameter2,parameter3,parameter4|(% style="width:255px" %)Set internal and external temperature sensor alarms|(% style="width:181px" %)OK
1348
1349 (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+WMOD=parameter1,parameter2,parameter3,parameter4**
1350
1351 (% style="color:#037691" %)**Parameter 1**(%%):  Alarm mode:
1352
1353 0): Cancel
1354
1355 1): Threshold alarm
1356
1357 2): Fluctuation alarm
1358
1359
1360 (% style="color:#037691" %)** Parameter 2**(%%):  Sampling time. Unit: seconds, up to 255 seconds.
1361
1362 (% style="color:red" %)**Note: When the collection time is less than 60 seconds and always exceeds the set alarm threshold, the sending interval will not be the collection time, but will be sent every 60 seconds.**
1363
1364
1365 (% style="color:#037691" %) **Parameter 3 and parameter 4:**
1366
1367 1):  If Alarm Mode is set to 1: Parameter 3 and parameter 4 are valid, as before, they represent low temperature and high temperature.
1368
1369 Such as AT+WMOD=1,60,45,105, it means high and low temperature alarm.
1370
1371
1372 2):  If Alarm Mode is set to 2: Parameter 3 is valid, which represents the difference between the currently collected temperature and the last uploaded temperature.
1373
1374 Such as AT+WMOD=2,10,2,it means that it is a fluctuation alarm.
1375
1376 If the difference between the current collected temperature and the last Uplin is ±2 degrees, the alarm will be issued.
1377
1378
1379 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Downlink Command: 0xA5**
1380
1381 0xA5 00 ~-~- AT+WMOD=0.
1382
1383 0xA5 01 0A 11 94 29 04 ~-~- AT+WMOD=1,10,45,105  (AT+WMOD = second byte, third byte, fourth and fifth bytes divided by 100, sixth and seventh bytes divided by 100 )
1384
1385 0XA5 01 0A F9 C0 29 04 ~-~-AT+WMOD=1,10,-16,105(Need to convert -16 to -1600 for calculation，-1600(DEC)=FFFFFFFFFFFFF9C0(HEX)  FFFFFFFFFFFFF9C0(HEX) +10000(HEX)=F9C0(HEX))
1386
1387 0xA5 02 0A 02 ~-~- AT+WMOD=2,10,2  (AT+WMOD = second byte, third byte, fourth byte)
1388
1389 0xA5 FF ~-~- After the device receives it, upload the current alarm configuration (FPORT=8). Such as 01 0A 11 94 29 04 or 02 0A 02.
1390
1391
1392
1393 = 5. Battery & How to replace =
1394
1395
1396 == 5.1 Battery Type ==
1397
1398
1399 (((
1400 (((
1401 LHT65N is equipped with a 2400mAH Li-MnO2 (CR17505) battery . The battery is an un-rechargeable battery with low discharge rate targeting for up to 8~~10 years use. This type of battery is commonly used in IoT devices for long-term running, such as water meters.
1402 )))
1403 )))
1404
1405 (((
1406
1407 )))
1408
1409 (((
1410 (((
1411 The discharge curve is not linear so can't simply use percentage to show the battery level. Below is the battery performance.
1412 [[image:image-20220515075034-1.png||_mstalt="428961" _mstvisible="4" height="208" width="644"]]
1413 )))
1414 )))
1415
1416 The minimum Working Voltage for the LHT65N is ~~ 2.5v. When battery is lower than 2.6v, it is time to change the battery.
1417
1418
1419
1420 == 5.2 Replace Battery ==
1421
1422
1423 LHT65N has two screws on the back, Unscrew them, and changing the battery inside is ok. The battery is a general CR17450 battery. Any brand should be ok.
1424
1425 [[image:image-20220515075440-2.png||_mstalt="429546" _mstvisible="3" height="338" width="272"]][[image:image-20220515075625-3.png||_mstalt="431574" _mstvisible="3" height="193" width="257"]]
1426
1427
1428
1429 == 5.3 Battery Life Analyze ==
1430
1431
1432 (((
1433 Dragino battery-powered products are all run in Low Power mode. User can check the guideline from this link to calculate the estimated battery life:
1434 [[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/Battery_Analyze/DRAGINO_Battery_Life_Guide.pdf>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/Battery_Analyze/DRAGINO_Battery_Life_Guide.pdf]]
1435 )))
1436
1437 (((
1438
1439 )))
1440
1441 (((
1442 A full detail test report for LHT65N on different frequency can be found at : [[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/sh/r2i3zlhsyrpavla/AAB1sZw3mdT0K7XjpHCITt13a?dl=0>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/r2i3zlhsyrpavla/AAB1sZw3mdT0K7XjpHCITt13a?dl=0]]
1443 )))
1444
1445
1446
1447 = 6. FAQ =
1448
1449
1450 == 6.1 How to use AT Command? ==
1451
1452
1453 LHT65N supports AT Command set.User can use a USB to TTL adapter plus the Program Cable to connect to LHT65 for using AT command, as below.
1454
1455 [[image:image-20220530085651-1.png||_mstalt="429949"]]
1456
1457
1458 (% _msthash="506061" _msttexthash="170755" %)**Connection:**
1459
1460 * (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**USB to TTL GND <~-~->GND**
1461 * (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**USB to TTL RXD <~-~-> D+**
1462 * (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**USB to TTL TXD <~-~-> A11**
1463
1464 (((
1465 In PC, User needs to set serial tool(such as [[**putty**>>https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/latest.html]], SecureCRT) baud rate to (% style="color:green" %)**9600**(%%) to access to access serial console for LHT65N. The AT commands are disable by default and need to enter password (default:(% style="color:green" %)**123456**) (%%)to active it. Timeout to input AT Command is 5 min, after 5-minute, user need to input password again. User can use AT+DISAT command to disable AT command before timeout.
1466 )))
1467
1468
1469 Input password and ATZ to activate LHT65N,As shown below:
1470
1471 [[image:image-20220530095701-4.png||_mstalt="430014"]]
1472
1473
1474 (% _msthash="506066" _msttexthash="544869" %)
1475 AT Command List is as below:
1476
1477 (% _msthash="506067" _msttexthash="361920" %)
1478 AT+<CMD>? :  Help on <CMD>
1479
1480 (% _msthash="506068" _msttexthash="243061" %)
1481 AT+<CMD> :  Run <CMD>
1482
1483 (% _msthash="506069" _msttexthash="704197" %)
1484 AT+<CMD>=<value> :  Set the value
1485
1486 (% _msthash="506070" _msttexthash="455676" %)
1487 AT+<CMD>=? :  Get the value
1488
1489 (% _msthash="506071" _msttexthash="670553" %)
1490 AT+DEBUG:  Set more info output
1491
1492 (% _msthash="506072" _msttexthash="485888" %)
1493 ATZ:  Trig a reset of the MCU
1494
1495 (% _msthash="506073" _msttexthash="2068872" %)
1496 AT+FDR:  Reset Parameters to Factory Default, Keys Reserve
1497
1498 (% _msthash="506074" _msttexthash="689169" %)
1499 AT+DEUI:  Get or Set the Device EUI
1500
1501 (% _msthash="506075" _msttexthash="960414" %)
1502 AT+DADDR:  Get or Set the Device Address
1503
1504 (% _msthash="506076" _msttexthash="1079897" %)
1505 AT+APPKEY:  Get or Set the Application Key
1506
1507 (% _msthash="506077" _msttexthash="1326143" %)
1508 AT+NWKSKEY:  Get or Set the Network Session Key
1509
1510 (% _msthash="506078" _msttexthash="1573000" %)
1511 AT+APPSKEY:  Get or Set the Application Session Key
1512
1513 (% _msthash="506079" _msttexthash="1041729" %)
1514 AT+APPEUI:  Get or Set the Application EUI
1515
1516 (% _msthash="506080" _msttexthash="2104206" %)
1517 AT+ADR:  Get or Set the Adaptive Data Rate setting. (0: off, 1: on)
1518
1519 (% _msthash="506081" _msttexthash="3369288" %)
1520 AT+TXP:  Get or Set the Transmit Power (0-5, MAX:0, MIN:5, according to LoRaWAN Spec)
1521
1522 (% _msthash="506082" _msttexthash="1894529" %)
1523 AT+DR:  Get or Set the Data Rate. (0-7 corresponding to DR_X)
1524
1525 (% _msthash="506083" _msttexthash="3864172" %)
1526 AT+DCS:  Get or Set the ETSI Duty Cycle setting - 0=disable, 1=enable - Only for testing
1527
1528 (% _msthash="506084" _msttexthash="1712204" %)
1529 AT+PNM:  Get or Set the public network mode. (0: off, 1: on)
1530
1531 (% _msthash="506085" _msttexthash="1281202" %)
1532 AT+RX2FQ:  Get or Set the Rx2 window frequency
1533
1534 (% _msthash="506086" _msttexthash="2796781" %)
1535 AT+RX2DR:  Get or Set the Rx2 window data rate (0-7 corresponding to DR_X)
1536
1537 (% _msthash="506087" _msttexthash="3285165" %)
1538 AT+RX1DL:  Get or Set the delay between the end of the Tx and the Rx Window 1 in ms
1539
1540 (% _msthash="506088" _msttexthash="3286179" %)
1541 AT+RX2DL:  Get or Set the delay between the end of the Tx and the Rx Window 2 in ms
1542
1543 (% _msthash="506089" _msttexthash="4703803" %)
1544 AT+JN1DL:  Get or Set the Join Accept Delay between the end of the Tx and the Join Rx Window 1 in ms
1545
1546 (% _msthash="506090" _msttexthash="4704999" %)
1547 AT+JN2DL:  Get or Set the Join Accept Delay between the end of the Tx and the Join Rx Window 2 in ms
1548
1549 (% _msthash="506091" _msttexthash="1528683" %)
1550 AT+NJM:  Get or Set the Network Join Mode. (0: ABP, 1: OTAA)
1551
1552 (% _msthash="506092" _msttexthash="757185" %)
1553 AT+NWKID:  Get or Set the Network ID
1554
1555 (% _msthash="506093" _msttexthash="1156597" %)
1556 AT+FCU:  Get or Set the Frame Counter Uplink
1557
1558 (% _msthash="506094" _msttexthash="1273987" %)
1559 AT+FCD:  Get or Set the Frame Counter Downlink
1560
1561 (% _msthash="506095" _msttexthash="859222" %)
1562 AT+CLASS:  Get or Set the Device Class
1563
1564 (% _msthash="506096" _msttexthash="384852" %)
1565 AT+JOIN:  Join network
1566
1567 (% _msthash="506097" _msttexthash="548626" %)
1568 AT+NJS:  Get the join status
1569
1570 (% _msthash="506098" _msttexthash="2546206" %)
1571 AT+SENDB:  Send hexadecimal data along with the application port
1572
1573 (% _msthash="506099" _msttexthash="1932307" %)
1574 AT+SEND:  Send text data along with the application port
1575
1576 (% _msthash="506100" _msttexthash="3560557" %)
1577 AT+RECVB:  Print last received data in binary format (with hexadecimal values)
1578
1579 (% _msthash="506101" _msttexthash="1429701" %)
1580 AT+RECV:  Print last received data in raw format
1581
1582 (% _msthash="506102" _msttexthash="1735981" %)
1583 AT+VER:  Get current image version and Frequency Band
1584
1585 (% _msthash="506103" _msttexthash="1189474" %)
1586 AT+CFM:  Get or Set the confirmation mode (0-1)
1587
1588 (% _msthash="506104" _msttexthash="1718210" %)
1589 AT+CFS:  Get confirmation status of the last AT+SEND (0-1)
1590
1591 (% _msthash="506105" _msttexthash="1339403" %)
1592 AT+SNR:  Get the SNR of the last received packet
1593
1594 (% _msthash="506106" _msttexthash="1452009" %)
1595 AT+RSSI:  Get the RSSI of the last received packet
1596
1597 (% _msthash="506107" _msttexthash="2768142" %)
1598 AT+TDC:  Get or set the application data transmission interval in ms
1599
1600 (% _msthash="506108" _msttexthash="1083914" %)
1601 AT+PORT:  Get or set the application port
1602
1603 (% _msthash="506109" _msttexthash="622440" %)
1604 AT+DISAT:  Disable AT commands
1605
1606 (% _msthash="506110" _msttexthash="868361" %)
1607 AT+PWORD: Set password, max 9 digits
1608
1609 (% _msthash="506111" _msttexthash="2210299" %)
1610 AT+CHS:  Get or Set Frequency (Unit: Hz) for Single Channel Mode
1611
1612 (% _msthash="506112" _msttexthash="2113462" %)
1613 AT+CHE:  Get or Set eight channels mode,Only for US915,AU915,CN470
1614
1615 (% _msthash="506113" _msttexthash="2087423" %)
1616 AT+PDTA:  Print the sector data from start page to stop page
1617
1618 (% _msthash="506114" _msttexthash="1063127" %)
1619 AT+PLDTA:  Print the last few sets of data
1620
1621 (% _msthash="506115" _msttexthash="1999426" %)
1622 AT+CLRDTA:  Clear the storage, record position back to 1st
1623
1624 (% _msthash="506116" _msttexthash="442130" %)
1625 AT+SLEEP:  Set sleep mode
1626
1627 (% _msthash="506117" _msttexthash="1080222" %)
1628 AT+EXT:  Get or Set external sensor model
1629
1630 (% _msthash="506118" _msttexthash="1309490" %)
1631 AT+BAT:  Get the current battery voltage in mV
1632
1633 (% _msthash="506119" _msttexthash="813891" %)
1634 AT+CFG:  Print all configurations
1635
1636 (% _msthash="506120" _msttexthash="551707" %)
1637 AT+WMOD:  Get or Set Work Mode
1638
1639 (% _msthash="506121" _msttexthash="2631499" %)
1640 AT+ARTEMP:  Get or set the internal Temperature sensor alarm range
1641
1642 (% _msthash="506122" _msttexthash="3907150" %)
1643 AT+CITEMP:  Get or set the internal Temperature sensor collection interval in min
1644
1645 (% _msthash="506123" _msttexthash="854620" %)
1646 AT+SETCNT:  Set the count at present
1647
1648 (% _msthash="506124" _msttexthash="2554877" %)
1649 AT+RJTDC:  Get or set the ReJoin data transmission interval in min
1650
1651 (% _msthash="506125" _msttexthash="771849" %)
1652 AT+RPL:  Get or set response level
1653
1654 (% _msthash="506126" _msttexthash="1484314" %)
1655 AT+TIMESTAMP:  Get or Set UNIX timestamp in second
1656
1657 (% _msthash="506127" _msttexthash="741728" %)
1658 AT+LEAPSEC:  Get or Set Leap Second
1659
1660 (% _msthash="506128" _msttexthash="1694017" %)
1661 AT+SYNCMOD:  Get or Set time synchronization method
1662
1663 (% _msthash="506129" _msttexthash="2235948" %)
1664 AT+SYNCTDC:  Get or set time synchronization interval in day
1665
1666 (% _msthash="506130" _msttexthash="425542" %)
1667 AT+PID:  Get or set the PID
1668
1669
1670
1671 == 6.2 Where to use AT commands and Downlink commands ==
1672
1673
1674 **AT commands：**
1675
1676 [[image:image-20220620153708-1.png||height="603" width="723"]]
1677
1678
1679 **Downlink commands:**
1680
1681
1682
1683 (% style="color:blue" %)**TTN:**
1684
1685 [[image:image-20220615092124-2.png||_mstalt="429221" height="649" width="688"]]
1686
1687
1688
1689 (% style="color:blue" %)**Helium：**
1690
1691 [[image:image-20220615092551-3.png||_mstalt="430794" height="423" width="835"]]
1692
1693
1694
1695 (% style="color:blue" %)**Chirpstack: The downlink window will not be displayed until the network is accessed**
1696
1697
1698 [[image:image-20220615094850-6.png||_mstalt="433082"]]
1699
1700
1701 [[image:image-20220615094904-7.png||_mstalt="433485" height="281" width="911"]]
1702
1703
1704
1705 (% style="color:blue" %)**Aws:**
1706
1707 [[image:image-20220615092939-4.png||_mstalt="434460" height="448" width="894"]]
1708
1709
1710
1711 == 6.3 How to change the uplink interval？ ==
1712
1713
1714 Please see this link: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/How%20to%20set%20the%20transmit%20time%20interval/>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/How%20to%20set%20the%20transmit%20time%20interval/||_msthash="506137" _msttexthash="5712018" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"]]
1715
1716
1717
1718 == 6.4 How to use TTL-USB to connect a PC to input AT commands? ==
1719
1720
1721 [[image:image-20220615153355-1.png]]
1722
1723 [[image:1655802313617-381.png]]
1724
1725
1726 (((
1727 In PC, User needs to set serial tool(such as [[**putty**>>https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/latest.html]], SecureCRT) baud rate to (% style="color:green" %)**9600** (%%)to access to access serial console for LHT65N. The AT commands are disable by default and need to enter password (default:(% style="color:green" %)**123456**(% style="color:red" %))(%%) to active it. Timeout to input AT Command is 5 min, after 5-minute, user need to input password again. User can use AT+DISAT command to disable AT command before timeout.
1728 )))
1729
1730
1731 Input password and ATZ to activate LHT65N,As shown below:
1732
1733 [[image:image-20220615154519-3.png||height="672" width="807"]]
1734
1735
1736
1737 == 6.5 How to use TTL-USB to connect PC to upgrade firmware? ==
1738
1739
1740 [[image:image-20220615153355-1.png]]
1741
1742
1743 (% style="color:blue" %)**Step1**(%%): Install TremoProgrammer  first.
1744
1745 [[image:image-20220615170542-5.png]]
1746
1747
1748
1749 (% style="color:blue" %)**Step2**(%%)：wiring method.(% style="display:none" %)
1750
1751 (% _msthash="506146" _msttexthash="52173160" %)
1752 First connect the four lines；(% style="display:none" %)
1753
1754 [[image:image-20220621170938-1.png||height="413" width="419"]](% _mstvisible="1" %)，(% style="display:none" %)
1755
1756
1757 (% _mstvisible="1" %)Then use DuPont cable to short circuit port3 and port1, and then release them, so that the device enters bootlaod mode.
1758
1759 [[image:image-20220621170938-2.png]]
1760
1761
1762
1763 (% style="color:blue" %)**Step3：**(%%)Select the device port to be connected, baud rate and bin file to be downloaded.
1764
1765 [[image:image-20220615171334-6.png]]
1766
1767
1768 Click the (% style="color:blue" %)**start**(%%) button to start the firmware upgrade.
1769
1770
1771 When this interface appears, it indicates that the download has been completed.
1772
1773 [[image:image-20220620160723-8.png]]
1774
1775
1776 Finally, unplug the DuPont cable on port4, and then use the DuPont cable to short circuit port3 and port1 to reset the device.
1777
1778
1779
1780 == 6.6 Using USB-TYPE-C to connect to the computer using the AT command ==
1781
1782
1783 [[image:image-20220623110706-1.png]]
1784
1785
1786 [[image:image-20220623112117-4.png||height="459" width="343"]]
1787
1788
1789 (((
1790 In PC, User needs to set serial tool(such as [[**putty**>>https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/latest.html]], SecureCRT) baud rate to (% style="color:green" %)**9600** (%%)to access to access serial console for LHT65N. The AT commands are disable by default and need to enter password (default:(% style="color:green" %)**123456**(% style="color:red" %))(%%) to active it. Timeout to input AT Command is 5 min, after 5-minute, user need to input password again. User can use AT+DISAT command to disable AT command before timeout.
1791 )))
1792
1793
1794 Input password and ATZ to activate LHT65N,As shown below:
1795
1796 [[image:image-20220615154519-3.png||height="672" width="807"]]
1797
1798
1799
1800 == 6.7 How to use  USB-TYPE-C to connect PC to upgrade firmware? ==
1801
1802
1803 [[image:image-20220623110706-1.png]]
1804
1805
1806 (% style="color:blue" %)**Step1**(%%): Install TremoProgrammer  first.
1807
1808 [[image:image-20220615170542-5.png]]
1809
1810
1811
1812 (% style="color:blue" %)**Step2**(%%)：wiring method.(% style="display:none" %)
1813
1814 (% _msthash="506146" _msttexthash="52173160" %)
1815 First connect the four lines；
1816
1817 (% _msthash="506146" _msttexthash="52173160" %)
1818 [[image:image-20220623113959-5.png||height="528" width="397"]]
1819
1820 (% _msthash="506146" _msttexthash="52173160" %)
1821 Press and hold the start key to restart and enter  (% _mstvisible="1" %)bootlaod(%%) mode.
1822
1823
1824
1825 (% style="color:blue" %)**Step3：**(%%)Select the device port to be connected, baud rate and bin file to be downloaded.
1826
1827 [[image:image-20220615171334-6.png]]
1828
1829
1830 Click the (% style="color:blue" %)**start**(%%) button to start the firmware upgrade.
1831
1832
1833 When this interface appears, it indicates that the download has been completed.
1834
1835 [[image:image-20220620160723-8.png]]
1836
1837
1838 Finally,restart reset device again
1839
1840
1841
1842 = 7. Order Info =
1843
1844
1845 Part Number: (% _mstvisible="4" style="color:#4f81bd" %)** LHT65N-XX-YY**
1846
1847 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**XX **(%%): The default frequency band
1848
1849 * (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** **(% style="color:red" %)**AS923**(%%): LoRaWAN AS923 band
1850 * (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** **(% style="color:red" %)**AU915**(%%): LoRaWAN AU915 band
1851 * (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** **(% style="color:red" %)**EU433**(%%): LoRaWAN EU433 band
1852 * (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** **(% style="color:red" %)**EU868**(%%): LoRaWAN EU868 band
1853 * (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** **(% style="color:red" %)**KR920**(%%): LoRaWAN KR920 band
1854 * (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** **(% style="color:red" %)**US915**(%%): LoRaWAN US915 band
1855 * (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** **(% style="color:red" %)**IN865**(%%): LoRaWAN IN865 band
1856 * (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** **(% style="color:red" %)**CN470**(%%): LoRaWAN CN470 band
1857
1858 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**YY**(%%): Sensor Accessories
1859
1860 * (% style="color:red" %)**E3**(%%): External Temperature Probe
1861
1862 = 8. Packing Info =
1863
1864
1865 **Package Includes**:
1866
1867 * LHT65N Temperature & Humidity Sensor x 1
1868 * Optional external sensor
1869
1870 **Dimension and weight**:
1871
1872 * Device Size:  10 x 10 x 3.5 cm
1873 * Device Weight: 120.5g
1874
1875 = 9. Reference material =
1876
1877
1878 * [[Datasheet, photos, decoder, firmware>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/una19zsni308dme/AACOKp6J2RF5TMlKWT5zU3RTa?dl=0||_msthash="504975" _msttexthash="51420512"]]
1879
1880 = 10. FCC Warning =
1881
1882
1883 This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules.Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
1884
1885 (1) This device may not cause harmful interference；
1886
1887 (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
1888
1889
1890