Changes for page LHT65N -- Manual do sensor de temperatura e umidade LoRaWAN

Last modified by Xiaoling on 2023/07/18 10:12

From 210.11 to 210.12 From 223.2 to 223.3

From version 210.12

edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/10/26 17:04

Change comment: There is no comment for this version

To version 223.2

edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/12/02 15:11

Change comment: There is no comment for this version

Raw
Rendered

Summary

Page properties (1 modified, 0 added, 0 removed)

Details

Page properties

Content

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
  = 1. Introduction =
--
  == 1.1 What is LHT65N Temperature & Humidity Sensor ==
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@
  )))
--
  == 1.2 Features ==
@@ -61,6 +61,8 @@
  * Tri-color LED to indicate working status
  * Datalog feature (Max 3328 records)
++
++
  == 1.3 Specification ==
@@ -85,9 +85,10 @@
  * ±2°C accuracy from -55°C to +125°C
  * Operating Range: -55 °C ~~ 125 °C
--= 2. Connect LHT65N to IoT Server =
++= 2. Connect LHT65N to IoT Server =
++
  == 2.1 How does LHT65N work? ==
@@ -100,7 +100,6 @@
  )))
--
  == 2.2 How to Activate LHT65N? ==
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
  )))
  * (((
--(% style="color:blue" %)**Deep Sleep Mode**(%%): LHT65N doesn’t have any LoRaWAN activation. This mode is used for storage and shipping to save battery life.
++(% style="color:blue" %)**Deep Sleep Mode**(%%): LHT65N doesn't have any LoRaWAN activation. This mode is used for storage and shipping to save battery life.
  )))
  * (((
  (% style="color:blue" %)**Working Mode**(%%):     In this mode, LHT65N works as LoRaWAN Sensor mode to Join LoRaWAN network and send out the sensor data to the server. Between each sampling/tx/rx periodically, LHT65N will be in STOP mode (IDLE mode), in STOP mode, LHT65N has the same power consumption as Deep Sleep mode.
@@ -125,7 +125,6 @@
  [[image:image-20220525110604-2.png||_mstalt="427531" _mstvisible="3"]]
--
  == 2.3 Example to join LoRaWAN network ==
@@ -142,7 +142,6 @@
  )))
--
  === 2.3.1 Step 1: Create Device n TTN ===
@@ -183,8 +183,6 @@
  [[image:image-20220522233118-7.png||_mstalt="430430" _mstvisible="3"]]
--
--
  === 2.3.2 Step 2: Activate LHT65N by pressing the ACT button for more than 5 seconds. ===
@@ -195,7 +195,6 @@
  [[image:image-20220522233300-8.png||_mstalt="428389" _mstvisible="3" height="219" width="722"]]
--
  == 2.4 Uplink Payload   ( Fport~=2) ==
@@ -243,6 +243,8 @@
  * The 7th byte (EXT #): defines the external sensor model.
  * The 8(% _msthash="734578" _msttexthash="21372" _mstvisible="4" %)^^th^^(%%) ~~ 11(% _msthash="734579" _msttexthash="21372" _mstvisible="4" %)^^th^^(%%) byte: the value for external sensor value. The definition is based on external sensor type. (If EXT=0, there won't be these four bytes.)
++
++
  === 2.4.1 Decoder in TTN V3 ===
@@ -254,7 +254,6 @@
  [[image:image-20220522234118-10.png||_mstalt="451464" _mstvisible="3" height="353" width="729"]]
--
  === 2.4.2 BAT-Battery Info ===
@@ -271,6 +271,8 @@
  * BAT status=(0Xcba4>>14)&0xFF=11(B)，very good
  * Battery Voltage =0xCBF6&0x3FFF=0x0BA4=2980mV
++
++
  === 2.4.3 Built-in Temperature ===
@@ -282,6 +282,8 @@
  * Temperature:  (0xF5C6-65536)/100=-26.18℃
++
++
  === 2.4.4 Built-in Humidity ===
@@ -289,6 +289,8 @@
  * Humidity:    0x025C/10=60.4%
++
++
  === 2.4.5 Ext # ===
@@ -297,10 +297,8 @@
  [[image:image-20220523152822-17.png||_mstalt="454545" _mstvisible="3"]]
--
  === 2.4.6 Ext value ===
--
  ==== 2.4.6.1 Ext~=1, E3 Temperature Sensor ====
@@ -311,6 +311,8 @@
  The last 2 bytes of data are meaningless
++
++
  [[image:image-20220522235639-6.png||_mstalt="433212" _mstvisible="3"]]
@@ -321,7 +321,6 @@
  If the external sensor is 0x01, and there is no external temperature connected. The temperature will be set to 7FFF which is 327.67℃
--
  ==== 2.4.6.2 Ext~=9, E3 sensor with Unix Timestamp ====
@@ -385,6 +385,8 @@
  * (% style="color:blue" %)**Sync time OK**: (%%)          1: Set time ok，0: N/A. After time SYNC request is sent, LHT65N will set this bit to 0 until got the time stamp from the application server.
  * (% style="color:blue" %)**Unix Time Request**:(%%)  1: Request server downlink Unix time, 0 : N/A. In this mode, LHT65N will set this bit to 1 every 10 days to request a time SYNC. (AT+SYNCMOD to set this)
++
++
  ==== 2.4.6.3 Ext~=6, ADC Sensor (use with E2 Cable) ====
@@ -433,7 +433,6 @@
  [[image:image-20220628151143-7.png]]
--
  ==== 2.4.6.4 Ext~=2 TMP117 Sensor （Since Firmware v1.3） ====
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@
  The external cable NE2 can be use for MOD4 and MOD8
--
  ==== 2.4.6.5 Ext~=4 Interrupt Mode （Since Firmware v1.3） ====
@@ -497,8 +497,6 @@
  [[image:image-20220906101145-3.png]]
--
--
  ==== 2.4.6.6 Ext~=8 Counting Mode（Since Firmware v1.3） ====
@@ -550,7 +550,6 @@
  A2 08 02 00 00 00 3C:    Same as AT+ SETCNT=60  (AT+ SETCNT = 4th byte and 5th byte and 6th byte and 7th byte)
--
  == 2.5 Show data on Datacake ==
@@ -598,7 +598,6 @@
  [[image:image-20220523000825-10.png||_mstalt="450619" _mstvisible="3" height="413" width="728"]]
--
  == 2.6 Datalog Feature ==
@@ -607,7 +607,6 @@
  )))
--
  === 2.6.1 Ways to get datalog via LoRaWAN ===
@@ -618,6 +618,7 @@
  (% style="color:blue" %)**Method 2: **(%%)Set [[PNACKMD=1>>||anchor="H4.13AutoSendNone-ACKmessages"]], LHT65N will wait for ACK for every uplink, when there is no LoRaWAN network, LHT65N will mark these records with non-ack messages and store the sensor data, and it will send all messages (10s interval) after the network recovery.
++
  (% style="color:red" %)**Note for method 2:**
  * a) LHT65N will do an ACK check for data records sending to make sure every data arrive server.
@@ -645,10 +645,10 @@
  [[image:image-20220523001219-12.png||_mstalt="450827" _mstvisible="3" height="298" width="720"]]
++
  So, we can use AT+TIMESTAMP=1611889405 or downlink 3060137afd00 to set the current time 2021 – Jan ~-~- 29 Friday 03:03:25
--
  === 2.6.3 Set Device Time ===
@@ -672,10 +672,8 @@
  (% style="color:red" %)**Note: LoRaWAN Server need to support LoRaWAN v1.0.3(MAC v1.0.3) or higher to support this MAC command feature, Chirpstack,TTN V3 v3 and loriot support but TTN V3 v2 doesn't support. If server doesn't support this command, it will through away uplink packet with this command, so user will lose the packet with time request for TTN V3 v2 if SYNCMOD=1.**
  )))
--(((
--
--)))
++
  (((
  **2. Manually Set Time**
  )))
@@ -685,7 +685,6 @@
  )))
--
  === 2.6.4 Poll sensor value ===
@@ -703,7 +703,6 @@
  Uplink Internal =5s，means LHT65N will send one packet every 5s. range 5~~255s.
--
  === 2.6.5 Datalog Uplink payload ===
@@ -719,7 +719,6 @@
  **Poll message flag & Ext:**
--
  [[image:image-20221006192726-1.png||height="112" width="754"]]
  (% style="color:blue" %)**No ACK Message**(%%):  1: This message means this payload is fromn Uplink Message which doesn't get ACK from the server before ( for [[PNACKMD=1>>||anchor="H4.13AutoSendNone-ACKmessages"]] feature)
@@ -730,7 +730,6 @@
  * Each data entry is 11 bytes, to save airtime and battery, devices will send max bytes according to the current DR and Frequency bands.
--
  For example, in US915 band, the max payload for different DR is:
  (% style="color:blue" %)**a) DR0:** (%%)max is 11 bytes so one entry of data
@@ -763,7 +763,7 @@
  [[image:image-20220523001219-13.png||_mstalt="451204" _mstvisible="3" height="421" style="text-align:left" width="727"]]
--7FFF089801464160065F977FFF088E014B41600660097FFF0885014E41600660667FFF0875015141600662BE7FFF086B015541600665167FFF08660155416006676E7FFF085F015A41600669C67FFF0857015D4160066C1E
++__**7FFF089801464160065F97**__ **__7FFF__ __088E__ __014B__ __41__ __60066009__** 7FFF0885014E41600660667FFF0875015141600662BE7FFF086B015541600665167FFF08660155416006676E7FFF085F015A41600669C67FFF0857015D4160066C1E
  Where the first 11 bytes is for the first entry:
@@ -771,19 +771,18 @@
  Ext sensor data=0x7FFF/100=327.67
--Temp=0x0898/100=22.00
++Temp=0x088E/100=22.00
--Hum=0x0146/10=32.6
++Hum=0x014B/10=32.6
  poll message flag & Ext=0x41,means reply data,Ext=1
--Unix time is 0x60065F97=1611030423s=21/1/19 04:27:03
++Unix time is 0x60066009=1611030423s=21/1/19 04:27:03
++== 2.7 Alarm Mode & Feature "Multi sampling, one uplink" ==
--== 2.7 Alarm Mode ==
--
  (((
  when the device is in alarm mode, it checks the built-in sensor temperature for a short time. if the temperature exceeds the preconfigured range, it sends an uplink immediately.
  )))
@@ -792,14 +792,15 @@
  (% style="color:red" %)**Note: alarm mode adds a little power consumption, and we recommend extending the normal read time when this feature is enabled.**
--
  === 2.7.1 ALARM MODE ( Since v1.3.1 firmware) ===
++**Internal GXHT30 temperature alarm（Acquisition time: fixed at one minute）**
++
  (((
  (% class="box infomessage" %)
  (((
--**AT+WMOD=3,**:              Enable/disable alarm mode. (0: Disabled, 1: Enabled Temperature Alarm for onboard temperature sensor)
++**AT+WMOD=3**:              Enable/disable alarm mode. (0: Disabled, 1: Enabled Temperature Alarm for onboard temperature sensor)
  **AT+CITEMP=1**:             The interval between checking the alarm temperature. (In minutes)
@@ -813,15 +813,120 @@
  )))
  )))
++(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Downlink Command:**
--
++AT+WMOD=1:  A501    ,     AT+WMOD=0 :   A600
++
++AT+CITEMP=1 : A60001
++
++AT+ARTEMP=1,60  :  A70001003C
++
++AT+ARTEMP=-16,60 :  A7FFF0003C
++
++AT+LEDALARM=1  :  3601
++
++
++(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Downlink Command: AAXXXXXXXXXXXXXX**
++
++Total bytes: 8 bytes
++
++**Example: **AA0100010001003C
++
++WMOD=01
++
++CITEMP=0001
++
++TEMPlow=0001
++
++TEMPhigh=003C
++
++
++**DS18B20 and TMP117 Threshold Alarm**
++
++**~ AT+WMOD=1,60,-10,20**
++
++(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Downlink Command:**
++
++**Example: **A5013CFC180014
++
++MOD=01
++
++CITEMP=3C(S)
++
++TEMPlow=FC18
++
++TEMPhigh=0014
++
++
++**Fluctuation alarm for DS18B20 and TMP117（Acquisition time: minimum 1s）**
++
++**AT+WMOD=2,60,5**
++
++(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Downlink Command:**
++
++**Example: **A5023C05
++
++MOD=02
++
++CITEMP=3C(S)
++
++temperature fluctuation=05
++
++
++==== **Sampling multiple times and uplink together** ====
++
++**AT+WMOD=3,1,60,20,-16,32,1**
++
++Explain:
++
++* Set Working Mode to **Mode 3**
++* Sampling Interval is **60**s.
++* When there is **20** sampling dats, Device will send these data via one uplink. (max value is 60, means max 60 sampling in one uplink)
++* Temperature alarm range is **-16** to **32**°C,
++* **1** to enable temperature alarm, **0** to disable the temperature alarm. If alarm is enabled, a data will be sent immediately  if temperate exceeds the Alarm range.
++
++(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Downlink Command:**
++
++**Example: **A50301003C14FFF0002001
++
++MOD=03
++
++EXT=01
++
++CITEMP=003C(S)
++
++Total number of acquisitions=14
++
++TEMPlow=FFF0
++
++TEMPhigh=0020
++
++ARTEMP=01
++
++
++**Uplink payload( Fport=3)**
++
++**Example: CBEA**01**0992**//0A41//**09C4**
++
++BatV=CBEA
++
++EXT=01
++
++Temp1=0992   ~/~/ 24.50℃
++
++Temp2=0A41   ~/~/ 26.25℃
++
++Temp3=09C4   ~/~/ 25.00℃
++
++
++(% style="color:red" %)**Note: This uplink will automatically select the appropriate DR according to the data length**
++
++(% style="color:red" %)**           In this mode, the temperature resolution of ds18b20 is 0.25℃ to save power consumption**
  )))
--(((
++
  === 2.7.2 ALARM MODE ( Before v1.3.1 firmware) ===
--
--)))
  (% _mstvisible="1" class="box infomessage" %)
  (((
@@ -861,7 +861,6 @@
  TEMPhigh=003C
--
  == 2.8 LED Indicator ==
@@ -876,6 +876,8 @@
  * RED LED when external sensor is not connected
  * For each success downlink, the PURPLE LED will blink once
++
++
  == 2.9 installation ==
@@ -883,10 +883,8 @@
  [[image:image-20220516231650-1.png||_mstalt="428597" _mstvisible="3" height="436" width="428"]]
--
  = 3. Sensors and Accessories =
--
  == 3.1 E2 Extension Cable ==
@@ -917,8 +917,6 @@
  [[image:image-20220619092421-3.png||height="371" width="529"]]
--
--
  == 3.2 E3 Temperature Probe ==
@@ -933,6 +933,8 @@
  * Operating Range: -40 ~~ 125 °C
  * Working voltage 2.35v ~~ 5v
++
++
  = 4. Configure LHT65N via AT command or LoRaWAN downlink =
@@ -980,7 +980,6 @@
  )))
--
  == 4.1 Set Transmit Interval Time ==
@@ -1002,6 +1002,8 @@
  * **Example 2**: Downlink Payload: 0100003C         ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 60 seconds
++
++
  == 4.2 Set External Sensor Mode ==
@@ -1025,6 +1025,8 @@
  * 0xA20702003c: Same as AT+SETCNT=60
++
++
  == 4.3 Enable/Disable uplink Temperature probe ID ==
@@ -1055,6 +1055,8 @@
  * **0xA800**     **~-~->** AT+PID=0
  * **0xA801**     **~-~->** AT+PID=1
++
++
  == 4.4 Set Password ==
@@ -1071,7 +1071,6 @@
  No downlink command for this feature.
--
  == 4.5 Quit AT Command ==
@@ -1088,7 +1088,6 @@
  No downlink command for this feature.
--
  == 4.6 Set to sleep mode ==
@@ -1106,6 +1106,8 @@
  * There is no downlink command to set to Sleep mode.
++
++
  == 4.7 Set system time ==
@@ -1122,7 +1122,6 @@
 x306007806000        ~/~/  Set timestamp to 0x(6007806000),Same as AT+TIMESTAMP=1611104352
--
  == 4.8 Set Time Sync Mode ==
@@ -1147,7 +1147,6 @@
 x28 00             ~/~/  Same As AT+SYNCMOD=0
--
  == 4.9 Set Time Sync Interval ==
@@ -1164,7 +1164,6 @@
  **0x29 0A**       ~/~/ Same as AT+SYNCTDC=0x0A
--
  == 4.10 Print data entries base on page. ==
@@ -1181,7 +1181,6 @@
  No downlink commands for feature
--
  == 4.11 Print last few data entries. ==
@@ -1198,7 +1198,6 @@
  No downlink commands for feature
--
  == 4.12 Clear Flash Record ==
@@ -1226,9 +1226,9 @@
  The default factory setting is 0
--(%  border="1" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:270px" %)
--|=(%  style="width: 100px;" %)**Command Example**|=(%  style="width: 120px;" %)**Function**|=(%  style="width: 50px;" %)**Response**
--|(% style="width:171px" %)AT+PNACKMD=1|(%  style="width:219px" %)Poll None-ACK message|(% style="width:88px" %)OK
++(% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:367px" %)
++|=(% style="width: 158px;" %)**Command Example**|=(% style="width: 118px;" %)**Function**|=(% style="width: 87px;" %)**Response**
++|(% style="width:158px" %)AT+PNACKMD=1|(% style="width:118px" %)Poll None-ACK message|(% style="width:87px" %)OK
  (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Downlink Command: 0x34**
@@ -1236,17 +1236,15 @@
++== 4.14 Modified WMOD command for external sensor TMP117 or DS18B20 temperature alarm（Since firmware 1.3.0） ==
--== 4.14 Modified ATWOOD command for external sensor TMP117 or DS18B20 temperature alarm ==
--
  Feature: Set internal and external temperature sensor alarms.
--(% border="1" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:500px" %)
--|(% style="width:250px" %)**Command Example**|(% style="width:200px" %)**Function**|(% style="width:50px" %)**Response**
--|(% style="width:271px" %)AT+WMOD=parameter1,parameter2,parameter3,parameter4|(% style="width:462px" %)Set internal and external temperature sensor alarms|(% style="width:181px" %)OK
++(% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:500px" %)
++|=(% style="width: 250px;" %)**Command Example**|=(% style="width: 200px;" %)**Function**|=(% style="width: 50px;" %)**Response**
++|(% style="width:268px" %)AT+WMOD=parameter1,parameter2,parameter3,parameter4|(% style="width:255px" %)Set internal and external temperature sensor alarms|(% style="width:181px" %)OK
--
  (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+WMOD=parameter1,parameter2,parameter3,parameter4**
  (% style="color:#037691" %)**Parameter 1**(%%):  Alarm mode:
@@ -1283,39 +1283,32 @@
 xA5 01 0A 11 94 29 04 ~-~- AT+WMOD=1,10,45,105  (AT+WMOD = second byte, third byte, fourth and fifth bytes divided by 100, sixth and seventh bytes divided by 100 )
++0XA5 01 0A F9 C0 29 04 ~-~-AT+WMOD=1,10,-16,105(Need to convert -16 to -1600 for calculation，-1600(DEC)=FFFFFFFFFFFFF9C0(HEX)  FFFFFFFFFFFFF9C0(HEX) +10000(HEX)=F9C0(HEX))
++
 xA5 02 0A 02 ~-~- AT+WMOD=2,10,2  (AT+WMOD = second byte, third byte, fourth byte)
 xA5 FF ~-~- After the device receives it, upload the current alarm configuration (FPORT=8). Such as 01 0A 11 94 29 04 or 02 0A 02.
--
  = 5. Battery & How to replace =
--
  == 5.1 Battery Type ==
  (((
--(((
  LHT65N is equipped with a 2400mAH Li-MnO2 (CR17505) battery . The battery is an un-rechargeable battery with low discharge rate targeting for up to 8~~10 years use. This type of battery is commonly used in IoT devices for long-term running, such as water meters.
  )))
--)))
  (((
--
--)))
--
--(((
--(((
  The discharge curve is not linear so can't simply use percentage to show the battery level. Below is the battery performance.
++
++
  [[image:image-20220515075034-1.png||_mstalt="428961" _mstvisible="4" height="208" width="644"]]
  )))
--)))
  The minimum Working Voltage for the LHT65N is ~~ 2.5v. When battery is lower than 2.6v, it is time to change the battery.
--
  == 5.2 Replace Battery ==
@@ -1332,9 +1332,6 @@
  [[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/Battery_Analyze/DRAGINO_Battery_Life_Guide.pdf>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/Battery_Analyze/DRAGINO_Battery_Life_Guide.pdf]]
  )))
--(((
--
--)))
  (((
  A full detail test report for LHT65N on different frequency can be found at : [[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/sh/r2i3zlhsyrpavla/AAB1sZw3mdT0K7XjpHCITt13a?dl=0>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/r2i3zlhsyrpavla/AAB1sZw3mdT0K7XjpHCITt13a?dl=0]]
@@ -1341,10 +1341,8 @@
  )))
--
  = 6. FAQ =
--
  == 6.1 How to use AT Command? ==
@@ -1565,7 +1565,6 @@
  AT+PID:                Get or set the PID
--
  == 6.2 Where to use AT commands and Downlink commands ==
@@ -1605,7 +1605,6 @@
  [[image:image-20220615092939-4.png||_mstalt="434460" height="448" width="894"]]
--
  == 6.3 How to change the uplink interval？ ==
@@ -1612,7 +1612,6 @@
  Please see this link: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/How%20to%20set%20the%20transmit%20time%20interval/>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/How%20to%20set%20the%20transmit%20time%20interval/||_msthash="506137" _msttexthash="5712018" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"]]
--
  == 6.4 How to use TTL-USB to connect a PC to input AT commands? ==
@@ -1631,7 +1631,6 @@
  [[image:image-20220615154519-3.png||height="672" width="807"]]
--
  == 6.5 How to use TTL-USB to connect PC to upgrade firmware? ==
@@ -1674,7 +1674,6 @@
  Finally, unplug the DuPont cable on port4, and then use the DuPont cable to short circuit port3 and port1 to reset the device.
--
  == 6.6 Using USB-TYPE-C to connect to the computer using the AT command ==
@@ -1694,7 +1694,6 @@
  [[image:image-20220615154519-3.png||height="672" width="807"]]
--
  == 6.7 How to use  USB-TYPE-C to connect PC to upgrade firmware? ==
@@ -1716,7 +1716,7 @@
  [[image:image-20220623113959-5.png||height="528" width="397"]]
  (% _msthash="506146" _msttexthash="52173160" %)
--Press and hold the start key to restart and enter  (% _mstvisible="1" %)bootlaod(%%) mode.
++Connect A8 and GND with Dupont wire for a while and then separate，enter reset mode
@@ -1733,10 +1733,9 @@
  [[image:image-20220620160723-8.png]]
--Finally,restart reset device again
++Finally,Disconnect 3.3v，Connect A8 and GND with Dupont wire for a while and then separate，exit reset mode
--
  = 7. Order Info =
@@ -1757,6 +1757,7 @@
  * (% style="color:red" %)**E3**(%%): External Temperature Probe
++
  = 8. Packing Info =
@@ -1767,14 +1767,16 @@
  **Dimension and weight**:
--* Device Size:  10 x 10 x 3.5 cm
++* Device Size:  10 x 10 x 3.5 mm
  * Device Weight: 120.5g
++
  = 9. Reference material =
  * [[Datasheet, photos, decoder, firmware>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/una19zsni308dme/AACOKp6J2RF5TMlKWT5zU3RTa?dl=0||_msthash="504975" _msttexthash="51420512"]]
++
  = 10. FCC Warning =

Changes for page LHT65N -- Manual do sensor de temperatura e umidade LoRaWAN

Summary

Details

Applications

Navigation