Changes for page LHT52 - LoRaWAN Temperature & Humidity Sensor User Manual
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... ... @@ -1,27 +1,49 @@ 1 -{{box cssClass="floatinginfobox" title="**Contents**"}} 1 +(% style="text-align:center" %) 2 +[[image:image-20220523115324-1.jpeg||height="317" width="317"]] 3 + 4 + 5 +**LHT65N LoRaWAN Temperature & Humidity Sensor Manual** 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 +**Table of Contents:** 11 + 2 2 {{toc/}} 3 -{{/box}} 4 4 5 -= Overview = 6 6 7 -[[image:LHT65N_10.png||alt="LHT65_Image" height="265" width="265"]] 8 8 9 9 10 - TheDragino LHT65N Temperature & Humidity sensor is a Long Range LoRaWAN Sensor. It includes a(% class="mark" %) **built-in Temperature & Humidity sensor**(%%) andhas an external sensorconnector to connectto an external (% class="mark" %)**Temperature Sensor**(%%)**.**17 += 1. Introduction = 11 11 19 +== 1.1 What is LHT65N Temperature & Humidity Sensor == 20 + 21 +((( 22 +The Dragino LHT65N Temperature & Humidity sensor is a Long Range LoRaWAN Sensor. It includes a (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**built-in Temperature & Humidity sensor**(%%) and has an external sensor connector to connect to an external (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Temperature Sensor**(%%)**.** 23 +))) 24 + 25 +((( 12 12 The LHT65N allows users to send data and reach extremely long ranges. It provides ultra-long range spread spectrum communication and high interference immunity whilst minimizing current consumption. It targets professional wireless sensor network applications such as irrigation systems, smart metering, smart cities, building automation, and so on. 27 +))) 13 13 29 +((( 14 14 LHT65N has a built-in 2400mAh non-chargeable battery which can be used for up to 10 years*. 31 +))) 15 15 33 +((( 16 16 LHT65N is full compatible with LoRaWAN v1.0.3 Class A protocol, it can work with a standard LoRaWAN gateway. 35 +))) 17 17 18 -LHT65N supports (% class="mark" %)Datalog Feature(%%). It will record the data when there is no network coverage and users can retrieve the sensor value later to ensure no miss for every sensor reading. 37 +((( 38 +LHT65N supports (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Datalog Feature**(%%). It will record the data when there is no network coverage and users can retrieve the sensor value later to ensure no miss for every sensor reading. 39 +))) 19 19 41 +((( 20 20 *The actual battery life depends on how often to send data, please see the battery analyzer chapter. 43 +))) 21 21 45 +== 1.2 Features == 22 22 23 -== Features: == 24 - 25 25 * Wall mountable 26 26 * LoRaWAN v1.0.3 Class A protocol 27 27 * Frequency Bands: CN470/EU433/KR920/US915/EU868/AS923/AU915 ... ... @@ -34,55 +34,87 @@ 34 34 * Tri-color LED to indicate working status 35 35 * Datalog feature 36 36 37 -== Specification :==59 +== 1.3 Specification == 38 38 61 +((( 39 39 **Built-in Temperature Sensor:** 63 +))) 40 40 41 -* Resolution: 0.01 °C 42 -* Accuracy Tolerance : Typ ±0.3 °C 43 -* Long Term Drift: < 0.02 °C/yr 44 -* Operating Range: -40 ~~ 85 °C 65 +* ((( 66 +Resolution: 0.01 °C 67 +))) 68 +* ((( 69 +Accuracy Tolerance : Typ ±0.3 °C 70 +))) 71 +* ((( 72 +Long Term Drift: < 0.02 °C/yr 73 +))) 74 +* ((( 75 +Operating Range: -40 ~~ 85 °C 76 +))) 45 45 78 +((( 46 46 **Built-in Humidity Sensor:** 80 +))) 47 47 48 -* Resolution: 0.04 %RH 49 -* Accuracy Tolerance : Typ ±3 %RH 50 -* Long Term Drift: < 0.02 °C/yr 51 -* Operating Range: 0 ~~ 96 %RH 82 +* ((( 83 +Resolution: 0.04 %RH 84 +))) 85 +* ((( 86 +Accuracy Tolerance : Typ ±3 %RH 87 +))) 88 +* ((( 89 +Long Term Drift: < 0.02 °C/yr 90 +))) 91 +* ((( 92 +Operating Range: 0 ~~ 96 %RH 93 +))) 52 52 95 +((( 53 53 **External Temperature Sensor:** 97 +))) 54 54 55 -* Resolution: 0.0625 °C 56 -* ±0.5°C accuracy from -10°C to +85°C 57 -* ±2°C accuracy from -55°C to +125°C 58 -* Operating Range: -55 °C ~~ 125 °C 99 +* ((( 100 +Resolution: 0.0625 °C 101 +))) 102 +* ((( 103 +±0.5°C accuracy from -10°C to +85°C 104 +))) 105 +* ((( 106 +±2°C accuracy from -55°C to +125°C 107 +))) 108 +* ((( 109 +Operating Range: -55 °C ~~ 125 °C 110 +))) 59 59 60 -= Connect LHT65N to IoT Server = 112 += 2. Connect LHT65N to IoT Server = 61 61 62 -== How does LHT65N work? == 114 +== 2.1 How does LHT65N work? == 63 63 116 +((( 64 64 LHT65N is configured as LoRaWAN OTAA Class A mode by default. Each LHT65N is shipped with a worldwide unique set of OTAA keys. To use LHT65N in a LoRaWAN network, first, we need to put the OTAA keys in LoRaWAN Network Server and then activate LHT65N. 118 +))) 65 65 120 +((( 66 66 If LHT65N is under the coverage of this LoRaWAN network. LHT65N can join the LoRaWAN network automatically. After successfully joining, LHT65N will start to measure environment temperature and humidity, and start to transmit sensor data to the LoRaWAN server. The default period for each uplink is 20 minutes. 122 +))) 67 67 124 +== 2.2 How to Activate LHT65N? == 68 68 69 -== How to Activate LHT65N? == 70 - 71 71 The LHT65N has two working modes: 72 72 73 73 * **Deep Sleep Mode**: LHT65N doesn’t have any LoRaWAN activation. This mode is used for storage and shipping to save battery life. 74 74 * **Working Mode**: In this mode, LHT65N works as LoRaWAN Sensor mode to Join LoRaWAN network and send out the sensor data to the server. Between each sampling/tx/rx periodically, LHT65 will be in STOP mode (IDLE mode), in STOP mode, LHT65N has the same power consumption as Deep Sleep mode. 75 75 131 +((( 76 76 The LHT65N is set in deep sleep mode by default; The ACT button on the front is to switch to different modes: 133 +))) 77 77 78 78 [[image:image-20220515123819-1.png||height="379" width="317"]] 79 79 80 -|**Behavior on ACT**|**Function**|**Action** 81 -|**Pressing ACT between 1s < time < 3s**|Test uplink status|If LHT65N is already Joined to the LoRaWAN network, LHT65N will send an uplink packet, if LHT65N has an external sensor connected, blue led will blink once. If LHT65N has no external sensor, red led will blink once. 82 -|**Pressing ACT for more than 3s**|Active Device|green led will fast blink 5 times, LHT65N will enter working mode and start to JOIN LoRaWAN network. green led will solid turn on for 5 seconds after join in network. 83 -|**Fast press ACT 5 times**|Deactivate Device|red led will solid on for 5 seconds. This means LHT65N is in Deep Sleep Mode. 137 +[[image:image-20220525110604-2.png]] 84 84 85 -== Example to join LoRaWAN network == 139 +== 2.3 Example to join LoRaWAN network == 86 86 87 87 (% class="wikigeneratedid" %) 88 88 This section shows an example of how to join the TTN V3 LoRaWAN IoT server. Use with other LoRaWAN IoT servers is of a similar procedure. ... ... @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ 93 93 Assume the LPS8N is already set to connect to [[TTN V3 network>>url:https://eu1.cloud.thethings.network]], So it provides network coverage for LHT65N. Next we need to add the LHT65N device in TTN V3: 94 94 95 95 96 -=== **Step 1**: Create Device n TTN ===150 +=== 2.3.1 Step 1: Create Device n TTN === 97 97 98 98 Create a device in TTN V3 with the OTAA keys from LHT65N. 99 99 ... ... @@ -107,10 +107,8 @@ 107 107 108 108 [[image:image-20220522232916-3.png]] 109 109 110 - 111 111 [[image:image-20220522232932-4.png]] 112 112 113 - 114 114 [[image:image-20220522232954-5.png]] 115 115 116 116 Note: LHT65N use same payload as LHT65. ... ... @@ -123,37 +123,60 @@ 123 123 [[image:image-20220522233118-7.png]] 124 124 125 125 126 -=== Step 2: Activate LHT65N by pressing the ACT button for more than 5 seconds. === 178 +=== 2.3.2 Step 2: Activate LHT65N by pressing the ACT button for more than 5 seconds. === 127 127 128 128 Use ACT button to activate LHT65N and it will auto-join to the TTN V3 network. After join success, it will start to upload sensor data to TTN V3 and user can see in the panel. 129 129 130 -[[image:image-20220522233300-8.png]] 182 +[[image:image-20220522233300-8.png||height="219" width="722"]] 131 131 132 132 133 -== Uplink Payload :==185 +== 2.4 Uplink Payload == 134 134 135 -The uplink payload includes totally 11 bytes. Uplink packets use FPORT=2 and(% class="mark" %)187 +The uplink payload includes totally 11 bytes. Uplink packets use FPORT=2 and (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**every 20 minutes**(%%) send one uplink by default. 136 136 137 -After each uplink, the (% class="mark" %)BLUE LED(%%) will blink once.189 +After each uplink, the (% style="color:blue" %)**BLUE LED**(%%) will blink once. 138 138 191 +(% border="1" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:426px" %) 192 +|(% style="width:97px" %)((( 193 +**Size(bytes)** 194 +)))|(% style="width:39px" %)((( 195 +**2** 196 +)))|(% style="width:100px" %)((( 197 +**2** 198 +)))|(% style="width:77px" %)((( 199 +**2** 200 +)))|(% style="width:47px" %)((( 201 +**1** 202 +)))|(% style="width:51px" %)((( 203 +**4** 204 +))) 205 +|(% style="width:97px" %)((( 206 +**Value** 207 +)))|(% style="width:39px" %)((( 208 +[[BAT>>||anchor="H2.4.2BAT-BatteryInfo"]] 209 +)))|(% style="width:100px" %)((( 210 +((( 211 +[[Built-In Temperature>>||anchor="H2.4.3Built-inTemperature"]] 212 +))) 213 +)))|(% style="width:77px" %)((( 214 +((( 215 +[[Built-in>>||anchor="H2.4.4Built-inHumidity"]] 216 +))) 139 139 140 -(% style="width:572px" %) 141 -|(% style="width:106px" %)**Size(bytes)**|(% style="width:71px" %)**2**|(% style="width:128px" %)**2**|(% style="width:103px" %)**2**|(% style="width:72px" %)**1**|(% style="width:89px" %)**4** 142 -|(% style="width:106px" %)**Value**|(% style="width:71px" %)[[BAT>>path:#Battery]]|(% style="width:128px" %)((( 143 -[[Built-In>>path:#SHT20_Temperature]] 218 +((( 219 +[[Humidity>>||anchor="H2.4.4Built-inHumidity"]] 220 +))) 221 +)))|(% style="width:47px" %)((( 222 +[[Ext>>||anchor="H2.4.5Ext23"]] # 223 +)))|(% style="width:51px" %)((( 224 +[[Ext value>>||anchor="H2.4.6Extvalue"]] 225 +))) 144 144 145 -[[Temperature>>path:#SHT20_Temperature]] 146 -)))|(% style="width:103px" %)((( 147 -[[Built-in>>path:#SHT20_Humidity]] 148 - 149 -[[Humidity>>path:#SHT20_Humidity]] 150 -)))|(% style="width:72px" %)[[Ext>>path:#Extension_Sensor]] #|(% style="width:89px" %)[[Ext value>>path:#Extension_sensor_value]] 151 - 152 152 * The First 6 bytes: has fix meanings for every LHT65N. 153 153 * The 7th byte (EXT #): defines the external sensor model. 154 154 * The 8^^th^^ ~~ 11^^th^^ byte: the value for external sensor value. The definition is based on external sensor type. (If EXT=0, there won’t be these four bytes.) 155 155 156 -=== Decoder in TTN V3 === 231 +=== 2.4.1 Decoder in TTN V3 === 157 157 158 158 When the uplink payload arrives TTNv3, it shows HEX format and not friendly to read. We can add LHT65N decoder in TTNv3 for friendly reading. 159 159 ... ... @@ -161,37 +161,24 @@ 161 161 162 162 [[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/sh/r2i3zlhsyrpavla/AAB1sZw3mdT0K7XjpHCITt13a?dl=0 >>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/r2i3zlhsyrpavla/AAB1sZw3mdT0K7XjpHCITt13a?dl=0]] 163 163 164 -[[image:image-20220522234118-10.png]] 239 +[[image:image-20220522234118-10.png||height="353" width="729"]] 165 165 241 +=== 2.4.2 BAT-Battery Info === 166 166 167 -=== BAT-Battery Info === 168 - 169 169 These two bytes of BAT include the battery state and the actually voltage 170 170 171 -(% style="width:646px" %) 172 -|Bit(bit)|(% style="width:272px" %)[15:14]|(% style="width:214px" %)[13:0] 173 -|Value|(% style="width:272px" %)((( 174 -BAT Status 245 +[[image:image-20220523152839-18.png]] 175 175 176 -00 (b): UltraLow( BAT <=.50v)247 +[[image:image-20220522235639-1.png||height="139" width="727"]] 177 177 178 -01(b): Low (2.50v <=BAT <= 2.55v) 179 - 180 -10(b): OK (2.55v <= BAT <=2.65v) 181 - 182 -11(b): Good (BAT >= 2.65v) 183 -)))|(% style="width:214px" %)Actually BAT voltage 184 - 185 -[[image:image-20220522235639-1.png]] 186 - 187 187 Check the battery voltage for LHT65N. 188 188 189 189 * BAT status=(0Xcba4>>14)&0xFF=11(B),very good 190 190 * Battery Voltage =0xCBF6&0x3FFF=0x0BA4=2980mV 191 191 192 -=== Built-in Temperature === 254 +=== 2.4.3 Built-in Temperature === 193 193 194 -[[image:image-20220522235639-2.png]] 256 +[[image:image-20220522235639-2.png||height="138" width="722"]] 195 195 196 196 * Temperature: 0x0ABB/100=27.47℃ 197 197 ... ... @@ -199,72 +199,92 @@ 199 199 200 200 * Temperature: (0xF5C6-65536)/100=-26.18℃ 201 201 202 -=== Built-in Humidity === 264 +=== 2.4.4 Built-in Humidity === 203 203 204 -[[image:image-20220522235639-4.png]] 266 +[[image:image-20220522235639-4.png||height="138" width="722"]] 205 205 206 206 * Humidity: 0x025C/10=60.4% 207 207 208 -=== Ext # === 270 +=== 2.4.5 Ext # === 209 209 210 210 Bytes for External Sensor: 211 211 212 -(% style="width:624px" %) 213 -|(% style="width:139px" %)**EXT # Value**|(% style="width:484px" %)**External Sensor Type** 214 -|(% style="width:139px" %)0x01|(% style="width:484px" %)Sensor E3, Temperature Sensor 215 -|(% style="width:139px" %)0x09|(% style="width:484px" %)Sensor E3, Temperature Sensor, Datalog Mod 274 +[[image:image-20220523152822-17.png]] 216 216 217 -=== Ext value === 276 +=== 2.4.6 Ext value === 218 218 219 -==== Ext~=1, E3 Temperature Sensor ==== 278 +==== 2.4.6.1 Ext~=1, E3 Temperature Sensor ==== 220 220 221 221 [[image:image-20220522235639-5.png]] 222 222 223 - 224 224 * DS18B20 temp=0x0ADD/100=27.81℃ 225 225 226 226 The last 2 bytes of data are meaningless 227 227 228 - 229 - 230 230 [[image:image-20220522235639-6.png]] 231 231 232 232 * External temperature= (0xF54F-65536)/100=-27.37℃ 233 233 290 +((( 234 234 The last 2 bytes of data are meaningless 292 +))) 235 235 236 - 294 +((( 237 237 If the external sensor is 0x01, and there is no external temperature connected. The temperature will be set to 7FFF which is 327.67℃ 296 +))) 238 238 239 239 240 -==== Ext~=9, E3 sensor with Unix Timestamp ==== 299 +==== 2.4.6.2 Ext~=9, E3 sensor with Unix Timestamp ==== 241 241 242 242 Timestamp mode is designed for LHT65N with E3 probe, it will send the uplink payload with Unix timestamp. With the limitation of 11 bytes (max distance of AU915/US915/AS923 band), the time stamp mode will be lack of BAT voltage field, instead, it shows the battery status. The payload is as below: 243 243 303 +(% border="1" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:510px" %) 304 +|(% style="width:96px" %)((( 305 +**Size(bytes)** 306 +)))|(% style="width:71px" %)((( 307 +**2** 308 +)))|(% style="width:99px" %)((( 309 +**2** 310 +)))|(% style="width:132px" %)((( 311 +**2** 312 +)))|(% style="width:54px" %)((( 313 +**1** 314 +)))|(% style="width:64px" %)((( 315 +**4** 316 +))) 317 +|(% style="width:96px" %)((( 318 +**Value** 319 +)))|(% style="width:71px" %)((( 320 +[[External temperature>>||anchor="H4.2SetExternalSensorMode"]] 321 +)))|(% style="width:99px" %)((( 322 +((( 323 +[[Built-In>>||anchor="H2.4.3Built-inTemperature"]] 324 +))) 244 244 245 -(% style="width:697px" %) 246 -|(% style="width:96px" %)**Size(bytes)**|(% style="width:164px" %)**2**|(% style="width:104px" %)**2**|(% style="width:106px" %)**2**|(% style="width:108px" %)**1**|(% style="width:116px" %)**4** 247 -|(% style="width:96px" %)**Value**|(% style="width:164px" %)[[External temperature>>path:#DS18b20_value]]|(% style="width:104px" %)((( 248 -[[Built-In>>path:#SHT20_Temperature]] 326 +((( 327 +[[Temperature>>||anchor="H2.4.3Built-inTemperature"]] 328 +))) 329 +)))|(% style="width:132px" %)((( 330 +((( 331 +BAT Status & 332 +))) 249 249 250 -[[Temperature>>path:#SHT20_Temperature]] 251 -)))|(% style="width:106px" %)((( 252 -[[BAT Status &>>path:#BAT_Humidity]] 253 - 254 -[[Built-in>>path:#BAT_Humidity]] 255 - 256 -[[Humidity>>path:#BAT_Humidity]] 257 -)))|(% style="width:108px" %)[[Status & Ext>>path:#Status_EXT]]|(% style="width:116px" %)((( 258 -[[Unix>>path:#Unix_Time_Stamp]] 259 - 260 -[[Time Stamp>>path:#Unix_Time_Stamp]] 334 +((( 335 +[[Built-in Humidity>>||anchor="H2.4.4Built-inHumidity"]] 261 261 ))) 337 +)))|(% style="width:54px" %)((( 338 +Status & Ext 339 +)))|(% style="width:64px" %)((( 340 +((( 341 +[[Unix Time Stamp>>||anchor="H2.6.2UnixTimeStamp"]] 342 +))) 343 +))) 262 262 263 -* **Battery status & **[[(% class="wikiinternallink" %)**Built-in Humidity**>>path:#SHT20_Humidity]]345 +* **Battery status & (% class="wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink" %)Built-in Humidity(%%)** 264 264 265 -(% style="width: 587px" %)266 -|Bit(bit)|(% style="width:2 80px" %)[15:14]|(% style="width:136px" %)[11:0]267 -|Value|(% style="width:2 80px" %)(((347 +(% border="1" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:469px" %) 348 +|(% style="width:65px" %)Bit(bit)|(% style="width:267px" %)[15:14]|(% style="width:134px" %)[11:0] 349 +|(% style="width:65px" %)Value|(% style="width:267px" %)((( 268 268 BAT Status 269 269 270 270 00(b): Ultra Low ( BAT <= 2.50v) ... ... @@ -274,8 +274,8 @@ 274 274 10(b): OK (2.55v <= BAT <=2.65v) 275 275 276 276 11(b): Good (BAT >= 2.65v) 277 -)))|(% style="width:13 6px" %)(((278 -[[Built-in Humidity>> path:#SHT20_Humidity]]359 +)))|(% style="width:134px" %)((( 360 +[[Built-in Humidity>>||anchor="H2.4.4Built-inHumidity"]] 279 279 280 280 281 281 ))) ... ... @@ -282,30 +282,27 @@ 282 282 283 283 * **Status & Ext Byte** 284 284 285 -(% style="width:732px" %) 286 -|(% style="width:128px" %)**Bits**|(% style="width:102px" %)**7**|(% style="width:145px" %)**6**|(% style="width:117px" %)**5**|(% style="width:147px" %)**4**|(% style="width:90px" %)**[3:0]** 287 -|(% style="width:128px" %)**Status & Ext**|(% style="width:102px" %)Not Defined|(% style="width:145px" %)Poll Message Flag|(% style="width:117px" %)Sync time OK|(% style="width:147px" %)Unix Time Request|(% style="width:90px" %)((( 288 -Ext: 367 +[[image:image-20220523152434-16.png]] 289 289 290 -0b(1001) 291 -))) 292 - 293 293 * Poll Message Flag: 1: This message is a poll message reply, 0: means this is a normal uplink. 294 294 * Sync time OK: 1: Set time ok,0: N/A. After time SYNC request is sent, LHT65N will set this bit to 0 until got the time stamp from the application server. 295 295 * Unix Time Request:1: Request server downlink Unix time, 0 : N/A. In this mode, LHT65N will set this bit to 1 every 10 days to request a time SYNC. (AT+SYNCMOD to set this) 296 296 373 +== 2.5 Show data on Datacake == 297 297 298 -== Show data on Datacake == 299 - 300 300 Datacake IoT platform provides a human-friendly interface to show the sensor data, once we have sensor data in TTN V3, we can use Datacake to connect to TTN V3 and see the data in Datacake. Below are the steps: 301 301 302 - 377 +((( 303 303 **Step 1**: Be sure that your device is programmed and properly connected to the LoRaWAN network. 379 +))) 304 304 381 +((( 305 305 **Step 2**: Configure your Application to forward data to Datacake you will need to add integration. Go to TTN V3 Console ~-~-> Applications ~-~-> Integrations ~-~-> Add Integrations. 383 +))) 306 306 307 - 385 +((( 308 308 Add Datacake: 387 +))) 309 309 310 310 [[image:image-20220523000825-7.png||height="262" width="583"]] 311 311 ... ... @@ -314,43 +314,346 @@ 314 314 315 315 [[image:image-20220523000825-8.png||height="453" width="406"]] 316 316 317 - 318 318 In Datacake console ([[https:~~/~~/datacake.co/>>url:https://datacake.co/]]) , add LHT65 device. 319 319 320 320 [[image:image-20220523000825-9.png||height="366" width="392"]] 321 321 400 +[[image:image-20220523000825-10.png||height="413" width="728"]] 322 322 402 +== 2.6 Datalog Feature == 323 323 324 - [[image:image-20220523000825-10.png||height="432"width="762"]]404 +Datalog Feature is to ensure IoT Server can get all sampling data from Sensor even if the LoRaWAN network is down. For each sampling, LHT65N will store the reading for future retrieving purposes. There are two ways for IoT servers to get datalog from LHT65N. 325 325 406 +=== 2.6.1 Ways to get datalog via LoRaWAN === 326 326 408 +There are two methods: 327 327 328 -== LED Indicator == 410 +1. IoT Server sends a downlink LoRaWAN command to [[poll the value>>||anchor="H2.6.4Pollsensorvalue"]] for specify time range. 411 +1. Set [[PNACKMD=1>>||anchor="H4.13AutoSendNone-ACKmessages"]], LHT65N will wait for ACK for every uplink, when there is no LoRaWAN network, LHT65N will store the sensor data, and it will send all messages after network recover. 329 329 413 +=== 2.6.2 Unix TimeStamp === 414 + 415 +LHT65N uses Unix TimeStamp format based on 416 + 417 +[[image:image-20220523001219-11.png||height="97" width="627"]] 418 + 419 + 420 +((( 421 +User can get this time from link: [[https:~~/~~/www.epochconverter.com/>>url:https://www.epochconverter.com/]] : 422 +))) 423 + 424 +((( 425 +Below is the converter example 426 +))) 427 + 428 +[[image:image-20220523001219-12.png||height="298" width="720"]] 429 + 430 +So, we can use AT+TIMESTAMP=1611889405 or downlink 3060137afd00 to set the current time 2021 – Jan ~-~- 29 Friday 03:03:25 431 + 432 +=== 2.6.3 Set Device Time === 433 + 434 +((( 435 +There are two ways to set device’s time: 436 +))) 437 + 438 +((( 439 +**~1. Through LoRaWAN MAC Command (Default settings)** 440 +))) 441 + 442 +((( 443 +User need to set SYNCMOD=1 to enable sync time via MAC command. 444 +))) 445 + 446 +((( 447 +Once LHT65N Joined LoRaWAN network, it will send the MAC command (DeviceTimeReq) and the server will reply with (DeviceTimeAns) to send the current time to LHT65N. If LHT65N fails to get the time from the server, LHT65N will use the internal time and wait for next time request (AT+SYNCTDC to set the time request period, default is 10 days). 448 +))) 449 + 450 +((( 451 +Note: LoRaWAN Server need to support LoRaWAN v1.0.3(MAC v1.0.3) or higher to support this MAC command feature, Chirpstack,TTN V3 v3 and loriot support but TTN V3 v2 doesn’t support. If server doesn’t support this command, it will through away uplink packet with this command, so user will lose the packet with time request for TTN V3 v2 if SYNCMOD=1. 452 +))) 453 + 454 +((( 455 + 456 +))) 457 + 458 +((( 459 +**2. Manually Set Time** 460 +))) 461 + 462 +((( 463 +User needs to set SYNCMOD=0 to manual time, otherwise, the user set time will be overwritten by the time set by the server. 464 +))) 465 + 466 +=== 2.6.4 Poll sensor value === 467 + 468 +User can poll sensor value based on timestamps from the server. Below is the downlink command. 469 + 470 +[[image:image-20220523152302-15.png]] 471 + 472 +((( 473 +Timestamp start and Timestamp end use Unix TimeStamp format as mentioned above. Devices will reply with all data log during this time period, use the uplink interval. 474 +))) 475 + 476 +((( 477 +For example, downlink command (% style="display:none" %) (%%)**31 5FC5F350 5FC6 0160 05** 478 +))) 479 + 480 +((( 481 +Is to check 2020/12/1 07:40:00 to 2020/12/1 08:40:00’s data 482 +))) 483 + 484 +((( 485 +Uplink Internal =5s,means LHT65N will send one packet every 5s. range 5~~255s. 486 +))) 487 + 488 + 489 +=== 2.6.5 Datalog Uplink payload === 490 + 491 +The Datalog poll reply uplink will use below payload format. 492 + 493 +((( 494 +**Retrieval data payload** 495 +))) 496 + 497 +(% border="1" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:510px" %) 498 +|(% style="width:93px" %)((( 499 +((( 500 +**Size(bytes)** 501 +))) 502 +)))|(% style="width:71px" %)((( 503 +((( 504 +**2** 505 +))) 506 +)))|(% style="width:102px" %)((( 507 +((( 508 +**2** 509 +))) 510 +)))|(% style="width:86px" %)((( 511 +((( 512 +**2** 513 +))) 514 +)))|(% style="width:86px" %)((( 515 +((( 516 +**1** 517 +))) 518 +)))|(% style="width:48px" %)((( 519 +((( 520 +**4** 521 +))) 522 +))) 523 +|(% style="width:93px" %)((( 524 +((( 525 +**Value** 526 +))) 527 +)))|(% style="width:71px" %)((( 528 +((( 529 +[[External sensor data>>||anchor="H2.4.6Extvalue"]] 530 +))) 531 +)))|(% style="width:102px" %)((( 532 +((( 533 +((( 534 +[[Built In>>||anchor="H2.4.3Built-inTemperature"]] 535 +))) 536 +))) 537 + 538 +((( 539 +((( 540 +[[Temperature>>||anchor="H2.4.3Built-inTemperature"]] 541 +))) 542 +))) 543 +)))|(% style="width:86px" %)((( 544 +((( 545 +((( 546 +[[Built-in>>||anchor="H2.4.4Built-inHumidity"]] 547 +))) 548 +))) 549 + 550 +((( 551 +((( 552 +[[Humidity>>||anchor="H2.4.4Built-inHumidity"]] 553 +))) 554 +))) 555 +)))|(% style="width:86px" %)((( 556 +((( 557 +Poll message flag & Ext 558 +))) 559 +)))|(% style="width:48px" %)((( 560 +((( 561 +((( 562 +[[Unix Time Stamp>>||anchor="H2.6.2UnixTimeStamp"]] 563 +))) 564 +))) 565 + 566 +((( 567 +((( 568 + 569 +))) 570 +))) 571 +))) 572 + 573 +**Poll message flag & Ext** 574 + 575 +[[image:image-20220523152208-14.png]] 576 + 577 +((( 578 +((( 579 +Poll Message Flag: 1: This message is a poll message reply. 580 +))) 581 +))) 582 + 583 +* ((( 584 +((( 585 +Poll Message Flag is set to 1. 586 +))) 587 +))) 588 +* ((( 589 +((( 590 +Each data entry is 11 bytes, to save airtime and battery, devices will send max bytes according to the current DR and Frequency bands. 591 +))) 592 +))) 593 + 594 +((( 595 +((( 596 +For example, in US915 band, the max payload for different DR is: 597 +))) 598 +))) 599 + 600 +((( 601 +((( 602 +a) DR0: max is 11 bytes so one entry of data 603 +))) 604 +))) 605 + 606 +((( 607 +((( 608 +b) DR1: max is 53 bytes so devices will upload 4 entries of data (total 44 bytes) 609 +))) 610 +))) 611 + 612 +((( 613 +((( 614 +c) DR2: total payload includes 11 entries of data 615 +))) 616 +))) 617 + 618 +((( 619 +((( 620 +d) DR3: total payload includes 22 entries of data. 621 +))) 622 +))) 623 + 624 +((( 625 +((( 626 +If devise doesn’t have any data in the polling time. Device will uplink 11 bytes of 0 627 +))) 628 +))) 629 + 630 + 631 +**Example:** 632 + 633 +If LHT65N has below data inside Flash: 634 + 635 +[[image:image-20220523144455-1.png||height="335" width="735"]] 636 + 637 +((( 638 +If user sends below downlink command: (% style="background-color:yellow" %)3160065F9760066DA705 639 +))) 640 + 641 +((( 642 + Where : Start time: 60065F97 = time 21/1/19 04:27:03 643 +))) 644 + 645 +((( 646 + Stop time 60066DA7= time 21/1/19 05:27:03 647 +))) 648 + 649 +((( 650 + 651 +))) 652 + 653 +((( 654 +LHT65N will uplink this payload. 655 +))) 656 + 657 +[[image:image-20220523001219-13.png||height="421" width="727"]] 658 + 659 +7FFF089801464160065F977FFF088E014B41600660097FFF0885014E41600660667FFF0875015141600662BE7FFF086B015541600665167FFF08660155416006676E7FFF085F015A41600669C67FFF0857015D4160066C1E 660 + 661 +Where the first 11 bytes is for the first entry: 662 + 663 +7FFF089801464160065F97 664 + 665 +Ext sensor data=0x7FFF/100=327.67 666 + 667 +Temp=0x0898/100=22.00 668 + 669 +Hum=0x0146/10=32.6 670 + 671 +poll message flag & Ext=0x41,means reply data,Ext=1 672 + 673 +Unix time is 0x60065F97=1611030423s=21/1/19 04:27:03 674 + 675 + 676 +== 2.7 Alarm Mode == 677 + 678 +Alarm mode feature is added since firmware v1.5. When device is in Alarm mode, it will check the built-in sensor temperature in a short interval. If the temperature exceeds the pre-configure range, it will send an uplink immediately. 679 + 680 +((( 681 +(% style="color:red" %)Note: Alarm mode will increase a little big the power consumption, we recommend extending the normal reading time when enabling this feature. 682 +))) 683 + 684 +**AT Commands for Alarm mode:** 685 + 686 +(% class="box infomessage" %) 687 +((( 688 +**AT+WMOD=1**: Enable/Disable Alarm Mode. (0:Disable, 1: Enable) 689 +(% class="box infomessage" %)**AT**(%%)**+CITEMP=1**: The interval to check the temperature for Alarm. (Unit: minute) 690 + 691 +(% class="box infomessage" %)**AT+ARTEMP:**(%%) Get or set the internal Temperature sensor alarm range 692 + 693 +AT 694 +))) 695 + 696 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %) 697 +== == 698 + 699 +== 2.8 LED Indicator == 700 + 701 +((( 330 330 The LHT65N has a triple color LED which for easy shows different stage. 703 +))) 331 331 705 +((( 332 332 While pressing ACT button, the LED will work as per LED status with ACT button. 707 +))) 333 333 709 +((( 334 334 In a normal working state: 711 +))) 335 335 336 -* For each uplink, the BLUE LED or RED LED will blink once. 337 -* BLUE LED when an external sensor is connected 338 -* RED LED when an external sensor is not connected 339 -* For each success downlink, the PURPLE LED will blink once 713 +* ((( 714 +For each uplink, the BLUE LED or RED LED will blink once. 715 +))) 716 +* ((( 717 +BLUE LED when an external sensor is connected 718 +))) 719 +* ((( 720 +RED LED when an external sensor is not connected 721 +))) 722 +* ((( 723 +For each success downlink, the PURPLE LED will blink once 724 +))) 340 340 341 341 ---- 342 342 343 -== Installation == 728 +== 2.9 Installation == 344 344 345 -[[image:image-20220516231650-1.png||height=" 632" width="620"]]730 +[[image:image-20220516231650-1.png||height="436" width="428"]] 346 346 732 += 3. Sensors & Accessories = 347 347 734 +== 3.1 E3 Temperature Probe == 348 348 349 - 350 -= Sensors & Accessories = 351 - 352 -== E3 Temperature Probe == 353 - 354 354 [[image:image-20220515080154-4.png||height="182" width="161"]] [[image:image-20220515080330-5.png||height="201" width="195"]] 355 355 356 356 ... ... @@ -362,72 +362,388 @@ 362 362 * Operating Range: -40 ~~ 125 °C 363 363 * -55°C to 125°C 364 364 * Working voltage 2.35v ~~ 5v 365 - 366 366 367 -= Battery&Howto replace=748 += 4. Configure LHT65N via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink = 368 368 369 -== Battery Type == 750 +((( 751 +Use can configure LHT65N via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink. 752 +))) 370 370 754 +* ((( 755 +AT Command Connection: See [[FAQ>>path:#AT_COMMAND]]. 756 +))) 757 +* ((( 758 +LoRaWAN Downlink instruction for different platforms: 759 +))) 760 + 761 +((( 762 +[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Main_Page#Use_Note_for_Server>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Main_Page#Use_Note_for_Server]] 763 +))) 764 + 765 +((( 766 +There are two kinds of commands to configure LHT65N, they are: 767 +))) 768 + 769 +((( 770 +(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)* **General Commands**. 771 +))) 772 + 773 +((( 774 +These commands are to configure: 775 +))) 776 + 777 +* ((( 778 +General system settings like: uplink interval. 779 +))) 780 +* ((( 781 +LoRaWAN protocol & radio-related commands. 782 +))) 783 + 784 +((( 785 +They are the same for all Dragino Devices which supports DLWS-005 LoRaWAN Stack(Note~*~*). These commands can be found on the wiki: 786 +))) 787 + 788 +((( 789 +[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_Downlink_Command>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_Downlink_Command]] 790 +))) 791 + 792 +((( 793 +(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)* **Commands special design for LHT65N** 794 +))) 795 + 796 +((( 797 +These commands are only valid for LHT65N, as below: 798 +))) 799 + 800 +== 4.1 Set Transmit Interval Time == 801 + 802 +Feature: Change LoRaWAN End Node Transmit Interval. 803 + 804 +**AT Command: AT+TDC** 805 + 806 +[[image:image-20220523150701-2.png]] 807 + 808 +((( 809 +**Downlink Command: 0x01** 810 +))) 811 + 812 +((( 813 +Format: Command Code (0x01) followed by 3 bytes time value. 814 +))) 815 + 816 +((( 817 +If the downlink payload=0100003C, it means set the END Node’s Transmit Interval to 0x00003C=60(S), while type code is 01. 818 +))) 819 + 820 +* ((( 821 +**Example 1**: Downlink Payload: 0100001E ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 30 seconds 822 +))) 823 +* ((( 824 +**Example 2**: Downlink Payload: 0100003C ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 60 seconds 825 +))) 826 + 827 +== 4.2 Set External Sensor Mode == 828 + 829 +Feature: Change External Sensor Mode. 830 + 831 +**AT Command: AT+EXT** 832 + 833 +[[image:image-20220523150759-3.png]] 834 + 835 +((( 836 +**Downlink Command: 0xA2** 837 +))) 838 + 839 +((( 840 +Total bytes: 2 ~~ 5 bytes 841 +))) 842 + 843 +((( 844 +**Example:** 845 +))) 846 + 847 +* ((( 848 +0xA201: Set external sensor type to E1 849 +))) 850 +* ((( 851 +0xA209: Same as AT+EXT=9 852 +))) 853 +* ((( 854 +0xA20702003c,Same as AT+SETCNT=60 855 +))) 856 + 857 +== 4.3 Enable/Disable uplink Temperature probe ID == 858 + 859 +Feature: If PID is enabled, device will send the temperature probe ID on: 860 + 861 +* First Packet after OTAA Join 862 +* Every 24 hours since the first packet. 863 + 864 +PID is default set to disable (0) 865 + 866 +**AT Command:** 867 + 868 +[[image:image-20220523150928-4.png]] 869 + 870 +**Downlink Command:** 871 + 872 +* 0xA800 **~-~->** AT+PID=0 873 +* 0xA801 **~-~->** AT+PID=1 874 + 875 +== 4.4 Set Password == 876 + 877 +Feature: Set device password, max 9 digits 878 + 879 +**AT Command: AT+PWORD** 880 + 881 +[[image:image-20220523151052-5.png]] 882 + 883 +((( 884 +**Downlink Command:** 885 +))) 886 + 887 +((( 888 +No downlink command for this feature. 889 +))) 890 + 891 +== 4.5 Quit AT Command == 892 + 893 +Feature: Quit AT Command mode, so user needs to input password again before use AT Commands. 894 + 895 +**AT Command: AT+DISAT** 896 + 897 +[[image:image-20220523151132-6.png]] 898 + 899 +**Downlink Command:** 900 + 901 +No downlink command for this feature. 902 + 903 +== 4.6 Set to sleep mode == 904 + 905 +Feature: Set device to sleep mode 906 + 907 +**AT Command: AT+SLEEP** 908 + 909 +[[image:image-20220523151218-7.png]] 910 + 911 +**Downlink Command:** 912 + 913 +* There is no downlink command to set to Sleep mode. 914 + 915 +== 4.7 Set system time == 916 + 917 +Feature: Set system time, unix format. [[See here for format detail.>>||anchor="H2.6.2UnixTimeStamp"]] 918 + 919 +**AT Command:** 920 + 921 +[[image:image-20220523151253-8.png]] 922 + 923 +**Downlink Command:** 924 + 925 +0x306007806000 ~/~/ Set timestamp to 0x(6007806000),Same as AT+TIMESTAMP=1611104352 926 + 927 +== 4.8 Set Time Sync Mode == 928 + 929 +((( 930 +Feature: Enable/Disable Sync system time via LoRaWAN MAC Command (DeviceTimeReq), LoRaWAN server must support v1.0.3 protocol to reply this command. 931 +))) 932 + 933 +((( 934 +SYNCMOD is set to 1 by default. If user want to set a different time from LoRaWAN server, user need to set this to 0. 935 +))) 936 + 937 +((( 938 +**AT Command:** 939 +))) 940 + 941 +[[image:image-20220523151336-9.png]] 942 + 943 +**Downlink Command:** 944 + 945 +0x28 01 ~/~/ Same As AT+SYNCMOD=1 946 + 947 +0x28 00 ~/~/ Same As AT+SYNCMOD=0 948 + 949 +== 4.9 Set Time Sync Interval == 950 + 951 +Feature: Define System time sync interval. SYNCTDC default value: 10 days. 952 + 953 +**AT Command:** 954 + 955 +[[image:image-20220523151411-10.png]] 956 + 957 +**Downlink Command:** 958 + 959 +0x29 0A ~/~/ Same as AT+SYNCTDC=0x0A 960 + 961 +== 4.10 Print data entries base on page. == 962 + 963 +Feature: Print the sector data from start page to stop page (max is 416 pages). 964 + 965 +**AT Command: AT+PDTA** 966 + 967 +[[image:image-20220523151450-11.png]] 968 + 969 +**Downlink Command:** 970 + 971 +No downlink commands for feature 972 + 973 +== 4.11 Print last few data entries. == 974 + 975 +Feature: Print the last few data entries 976 + 977 +**AT Command: AT+PLDTA** 978 + 979 +[[image:image-20220523151524-12.png]] 980 + 981 +**Downlink Command:** 982 + 983 +No downlink commands for feature 984 + 985 +== 4.12 Clear Flash Record == 986 + 987 +Feature: Clear flash storage for data log feature. 988 + 989 +**AT Command: AT+CLRDTA** 990 + 991 +[[image:image-20220523151556-13.png]] 992 + 993 +**Downlink Command: 0xA3** 994 + 995 +* Example: 0xA301 ~/~/Same as AT+CLRDTA 996 + 997 +== 4.13 Auto Send None-ACK messages == 998 + 999 +Feature: LHT65N will wait for ACK for each uplink, If LHT65N doesn't get ACK from the IoT server, it will consider the message doesn't arrive server and store it. LHT65N keeps sending messages in normal periodically. Once LHT65N gets ACK from a server, it will consider the network is ok and start to send the not-arrive message. 1000 + 1001 + 1002 +**AT Command: AT+PNACKMD** 1003 + 1004 +The default factory setting is 0 1005 + 1006 +(% border="1" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:450px" %) 1007 +|=(% style="width: 171px;" %)**Command Example**|=(% style="width: 219px;" %)**Function**|=(% style="width: 119px;" %)**Response** 1008 +|(% style="width:171px" %)AT+PNACKMD=1|(% style="width:219px" %)Poll None-ACK message|(% style="width:119px" %)OK 1009 + 1010 +**Downlink Command: 0x34** 1011 + 1012 +* Example: 0x3401 ~/~/Same as AT+PNACKMD=1 1013 + 1014 += 5. Battery & How to replace = 1015 + 1016 +== 5.1 Battery Type == 1017 + 371 371 LHT65N is equipped with a 2400mAH Li-MnO2 (CR17505) battery . The battery is an un-rechargeable battery with low discharge rate targeting for up to 8~~10 years use. This type of battery is commonly used in IoT devices for long-term running, such as water meters. 372 372 1020 +((( 373 373 The discharge curve is not linear so can’t simply use percentage to show the battery level. Below is the battery performance. 374 374 [[image:image-20220515075034-1.png||height="208" width="644"]] 1023 +))) 375 375 376 - 1025 +((( 377 377 The minimum Working Voltage for the LHT65N is ~~ 2.5v. When battery is lower than 2.6v, it is time to change the battery. 378 378 1028 +))) 379 379 380 -== Replace Battery == 1030 +== 5.2 Replace Battery == 381 381 382 382 LHT65N has two screws on the back, Unscrew them, and changing the battery inside is ok. The battery is a general CR17450 battery. Any brand should be ok. 383 383 384 384 [[image:image-20220515075440-2.png||height="338" width="272"]][[image:image-20220515075625-3.png||height="193" width="257"]] 385 385 1036 +== 5.3 Battery Life Analyze == 386 386 387 -== Battery Life Analyze == 388 - 1038 +((( 389 389 Dragino battery-powered products are all run in Low Power mode. User can check the guideline from this link to calculate the estimated battery life: 390 390 https:~/~/www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/Battery_Analyze/DRAGINO_Battery_Life_Guide.pdf 1041 +))) 391 391 1043 += 6. Order Info = 392 392 393 -= Order Info = 1045 +((( 1046 +Part Number: (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** LHT65N-XX-YY** 1047 +))) 394 394 395 -Part Number: (% class="mark" %)**LHT65N-XX** 1049 +((( 1050 +(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**XX **(%%): The default frequency band 1051 +))) 396 396 397 -**XX**: The default frequency band 1053 +* ((( 1054 +(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** AS923**(%%): LoRaWAN AS923 band 1055 +))) 1056 +* ((( 1057 +(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** AU915**(%%): LoRaWAN AU915 band 1058 +))) 1059 +* ((( 1060 +(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** EU433**(%%): LoRaWAN EU433 band 1061 +))) 1062 +* ((( 1063 +(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** EU868**(%%): LoRaWAN EU868 band 1064 +))) 1065 +* ((( 1066 +(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** KR920**(%%): LoRaWAN KR920 band 1067 +))) 1068 +* ((( 1069 +(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** US915**(%%): LoRaWAN US915 band 1070 +))) 1071 +* ((( 1072 +(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** IN865**(%%): LoRaWAN IN865 band 1073 +))) 1074 +* ((( 1075 +(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** CN470**(%%): LoRaWAN CN470 band 1076 +))) 398 398 399 -* **AS923**: LoRaWAN AS923 band 400 -* **AU915**: LoRaWAN AU915 band 401 -* **EU433**: LoRaWAN EU433 band 402 -* **EU868**: LoRaWAN EU868 band 403 -* **KR920**: LoRaWAN KR920 band 404 -* **US915**: LoRaWAN US915 band 405 -* **IN865**: LoRaWAN IN865 band 406 -* **CN470**: LoRaWAN CN470 band 1078 +((( 1079 +(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**YY**(%%): Sensor Accessories 1080 +))) 407 407 408 -**YY**: Sensor Accessories 1082 +* ((( 1083 +(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**E3**(%%): External Temperature Probe 1084 +))) 409 409 410 - ***E3**:ExternalTemperature Probe1086 += 7. Packing Info = 411 411 412 -= Packing Info = 413 - 1088 +((( 414 414 **Package Includes**: 1090 +))) 415 415 416 -* LHT65N Temperature & Humidity Sensor x 1 417 -* Program cable x 1 418 -* Optional external sensor 1092 +* ((( 1093 +LHT65N Temperature & Humidity Sensor x 1 1094 +))) 1095 +* ((( 1096 +Program cable x 1 1097 +))) 1098 +* ((( 1099 +Optional external sensor 1100 +))) 419 419 1102 +((( 420 420 **Dimension and weight**: 1104 +))) 421 421 422 -* Device Size: 13.5 x 7 x 3 cm 423 -* Device Weight: 105g 424 -* Package Size / pcs : 14.5 x 8 x 5 cm 425 -* Weight / pcs : 170g 1106 +* ((( 1107 +Device Size: 13.5 x 7 x 3 cm 1108 +))) 1109 +* ((( 1110 +Device Weight: 105g 1111 +))) 1112 +* ((( 1113 +Package Size / pcs : 14.5 x 8 x 5 cm 1114 +))) 1115 +* ((( 1116 +Weight / pcs : 170g 1117 +))) 426 426 427 -= FCC Warning = 1119 += 8. FCC Warning = 428 428 1121 +((( 429 429 This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules.Operation is subject to the following two conditions: 1123 +))) 430 430 431 -(1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and 1125 +((( 1126 +(1) This device may not cause harmful interference; 1127 +))) 432 432 433 -(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation 1129 +((( 1130 +(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. 1131 +)))
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