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Last modified by Xiaoling on 2025/02/07 16:37
From version 129.1
edited by Herong Lu
on 2022/07/23 17:33
Change comment: Uploaded new attachment "image-20220723173341-10.png", version {1}
To version 180.1
edited by Mengting Qiu
on 2025/01/22 11:22
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

Summary

Details

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Title
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1 -LA66 LoRaWAN Module
1 +LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter User Manual
Author
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1 -XWiki.Lu
1 +XWiki.ting
Content
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1 -0
1 +
2 2  
3 3  **Table of Contents:**
4 4  
... ... @@ -6,34 +6,25 @@
6 6  
7 7  
8 8  
9 -= 1.  LA66 LoRaWAN Module =
10 10  
11 11  
12 -== 1.1  What is LA66 LoRaWAN Module ==
11 += 1.  LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter =
13 13  
13 +== 1.1  Overview ==
14 14  
15 -(((
16 -(((
17 -[[image:image-20220719093358-2.png||height="145" width="220"]](% style="color:blue" %)** **
18 -)))
19 19  
20 -(((
21 -
22 -)))
16 +[[image:image-20220715001142-3.png||height="194" width="294"]][[image:image-20240101111030-2.png]]
23 23  
18 +
24 24  (((
25 -(% style="color:blue" %)**Dragino LA66**(%%) is a small wireless LoRaWAN module that offers a very compelling mix of long-range, low power consumption, and secure data transmission. It is designed to facilitate developers to quickly deploy industrial-level LoRaWAN and IoT solutions. It helps users to turn the idea into a practical application and make the Internet of Things a reality. It is easy to create and connect your things everywhere.
20 +(% style="color:blue" %)**LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter**(%%) is designed to fast turn USB devices to support LoRaWAN wireless features. It combines a CP2101 USB TTL Chip and LA66 LoRaWAN module which can easy to add LoRaWAN wireless feature to PC / Mobile phone or an embedded device that has USB Interface.
26 26  )))
27 -)))
28 28  
29 29  (((
30 -(((
31 31  (% style="color:blue" %)**LA66**(%%) is a ready-to-use module that includes the (% style="color:blue" %)**LoRaWAN v1.0.3 protocol**(%%). The LoRaWAN stack used in LA66 is used in more than 1 million LoRaWAN End Devices deployed world widely. This mature LoRaWAN stack greatly reduces the risk to make stable LoRaWAN Sensors to support different LoRaWAN servers and different countries' standards. External MCU can use AT command to call LA66 and start to transmit data via the LoRaWAN protocol.
32 32  )))
33 -)))
34 34  
35 35  (((
36 -(((
37 37  Each LA66 module includes a (% style="color:blue" %)**world-unique OTAA key**(%%) for LoRaWAN registration.
38 38  )))
39 39  
... ... @@ -40,35 +40,34 @@
40 40  (((
41 41  Besides the support of the LoRaWAN protocol, LA66 also supports (% style="color:blue" %)**open-source peer-to-peer LoRa Protocol**(%%) for the none-LoRaWAN application.
42 42  )))
43 -)))
44 44  
45 45  (((
46 -(((
47 47  LA66 is equipped with (% style="color:blue" %)**TCXO crystal**(%%) which ensures the module can achieve stable performance in extreme temperatures.
48 48  )))
49 -)))
50 50  
51 51  
52 -
53 53  == 1.2  Features ==
54 54  
55 -* Support LoRaWAN v1.0.4 protocol
42 +
43 +* LoRaWAN USB adapter base on LA66 LoRaWAN module
44 +* Ultra-long RF range
45 +* Support LoRaWAN v1.0.3 protocol
56 56  * Support peer-to-peer protocol
57 57  * TCXO crystal to ensure RF performance on low temperature
58 -* SMD Antenna pad and i-pex antenna connector
48 +* Spring RF antenna
59 59  * Available in different frequency LoRaWAN frequency bands.
60 60  * World-wide unique OTAA keys.
61 61  * AT Command via UART-TTL interface
62 62  * Firmware upgradable via UART interface
63 -* Ultra-long RF range
53 +* Open Source Mobile App for LoRaWAN signal detect and GPS tracking.
64 64  
65 65  == 1.3  Specification ==
66 66  
57 +
67 67  * CPU: 32-bit 48 MHz
68 68  * Flash: 256KB
69 69  * RAM: 64KB
70 -* Input Power Range: 1.8v ~~ 3.7v
71 -* Power Consumption: < 4uA.
61 +* Input Power Range: 5v
72 72  * Frequency Range: 150 MHz ~~ 960 MHz
73 73  * Maximum Power +22 dBm constant RF output
74 74  * High sensitivity: -148 dBm
... ... @@ -80,552 +80,459 @@
80 80  ** Operating: 10 ~~ 95% (Non-Condensing)
81 81  * LoRa Tx Current: <90 mA at +17 dBm, 108 mA at +22 dBm
82 82  * LoRa Rx current: <9 mA
83 -* I/O Voltage: 3.3v
84 84  
85 -== 1.4  AT Command ==
74 +== 1.4  Pin Mapping & LED ==
86 86  
87 87  
88 -AT Command is valid over Main TXD and Main RXD. Serial Baud Rate is 9600. AT commands can be found in AT Command documents.
77 +[[image:image-20220813183239-3.png||height="526" width="662"]]
89 89  
90 90  
80 +== 1.5  Example: Send & Get Messages via LoRaWAN in PC ==
91 91  
92 -== 1.5  Dimension ==
93 93  
94 -[[image:image-20220718094750-3.png]]
95 -
96 -
97 -
98 -== 1.6  Pin Mapping ==
99 -
100 -[[image:image-20220720111850-1.png]]
101 -
102 -
103 -
104 -== 1.7  Land Pattern ==
105 -
106 -[[image:image-20220517072821-2.png]]
107 -
108 -
109 -
110 -= 2.  LA66 LoRaWAN Shield =
111 -
112 -
113 -== 2.1  Overview ==
114 -
115 -
116 116  (((
117 -[[image:image-20220715000826-2.png||height="145" width="220"]]
84 +Assume user already input the LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter OTAA Keys in TTN and there is already TTN network coverage.
118 118  )))
119 119  
120 -(((
121 -
122 -)))
87 +(% style="color:blue" %)**1.  Connect the LA66 USB LoRaWAN adapter to PC**
123 123  
124 -(((
125 -(% style="color:blue" %)**LA66 LoRaWAN Shield**(%%) is the Arduino shield base on LA66. Users can use LA66 LoRaWAN Shield to rapidly add LoRaWAN or peer-to-peer LoRa wireless function to  Arduino projects.
126 -)))
89 +[[image:image-20220723100027-1.png]]
127 127  
128 -(((
129 -(((
130 -(% style="color:blue" %)**LA66**(%%) is a ready-to-use module that includes the (% style="color:blue" %)**LoRaWAN v1.0.3 protocol**(%%). The LoRaWAN stack used in LA66 is used in more than 1 million LoRaWAN End Devices deployed world widely.  This mature LoRaWAN stack greatly reduces the risk to make stable LoRaWAN Sensors to support different LoRaWAN servers and different countries' standards. External MCU can use AT command to call LA66 and start to transmit data via the LoRaWAN protocol.
131 -)))
132 -)))
133 133  
134 -(((
135 -(((
136 -Each LA66 module includes a (% style="color:blue" %)**world-unique OTAA key**(%%) for LoRaWAN registration.
137 -)))
138 -)))
92 +Open the serial port tool
139 139  
140 -(((
141 -(((
142 -Besides the support of the LoRaWAN protocol, LA66 also supports (% style="color:blue" %)**open-source peer-to-peer LoRa Protocol**(%%) for the none-LoRaWAN application.
143 -)))
144 -)))
94 +[[image:image-20220602161617-8.png]]
145 145  
146 -(((
147 -(((
148 -LA66 is equipped with (% style="color:blue" %)**TCXO crystal**(%%) which ensures the module can achieve stable performance in extreme temperatures.
149 -)))
150 -)))
151 151  
97 +[[image:image-20220602161718-9.png||height="457" width="800"]]
152 152  
153 153  
154 -== 2.2  Features ==
100 +(% style="color:blue" %)**2.  Press the reset switch RST on the LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter to reset it.**
155 155  
156 -* Arduino Shield base on LA66 LoRaWAN module
157 -* Support LoRaWAN v1.0.4 protocol
158 -* Support peer-to-peer protocol
159 -* TCXO crystal to ensure RF performance on low temperature
160 -* SMA connector
161 -* Available in different frequency LoRaWAN frequency bands.
162 -* World-wide unique OTAA keys.
163 -* AT Command via UART-TTL interface
164 -* Firmware upgradable via UART interface
165 -* Ultra-long RF range
102 +The following picture appears to prove that the LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter successfully Join the LoRaWAN network
166 166  
167 -== 2.3  Specification ==
104 +[[image:image-20220602161935-10.png||height="498" width="800"]]
168 168  
169 -* CPU: 32-bit 48 MHz
170 -* Flash: 256KB
171 -* RAM: 64KB
172 -* Input Power Range: 1.8v ~~ 3.7v
173 -* Power Consumption: < 4uA.
174 -* Frequency Range: 150 MHz ~~ 960 MHz
175 -* Maximum Power +22 dBm constant RF output
176 -* High sensitivity: -148 dBm
177 -* Temperature:
178 -** Storage: -55 ~~ +125℃
179 -** Operating: -40 ~~ +85℃
180 -* Humidity:
181 -** Storage: 5 ~~ 95% (Non-Condensing)
182 -** Operating: 10 ~~ 95% (Non-Condensing)
183 -* LoRa Tx Current: <90 mA at +17 dBm, 108 mA at +22 dBm
184 -* LoRa Rx current: <9 mA
185 -* I/O Voltage: 3.3v
186 186  
187 -== 2.4  LED ==
107 +(% style="color:blue" %)**3.  See Uplink Command**
188 188  
189 -~1. The LED lights up red when there is an upstream data packet
190 -2. When the network is successfully connected, the green light will be on for 5 seconds
191 -3. Purple light on when receiving downlink data packets
109 +Command format: (% style="color:#4472c4" %)** AT+SENDB=<confirn_status>,<Fport>,<data_len>,<data>**
192 192  
111 +example: AT+SENDB=01,02,8,05820802581ea0a5
193 193  
194 -== 2.5  Example: Use AT Command to communicate with LA66 module via Arduino UNO. ==
113 +[[image:image-20220602162157-11.png||height="497" width="800"]]
195 195  
196 -Show connection diagram：
197 197  
198 -[[image:image-20220723170210-2.png||height="908" width="681"]]
116 +(% style="color:blue" %)**4.  Check to see if TTN received the message**
199 199  
200 -1.open Arduino IDE
118 +[[image:image-20220817093644-1.png]]
201 201  
202 -[[image:image-20220723170545-4.png]]
203 203  
204 -2.Open project
121 +== 1.6  Example: How to join helium ==
205 205  
206 -[[image:image-20220723170750-5.png]]
207 207  
208 -3.Click the button marked 1 in the figure to compile, and after the compilation is complete, click the button marked 2 in the figure to upload
124 +(% style="color:blue" %)**1.  Create a new device.**
209 209  
210 -[[image:image-20220723171228-6.png]]
126 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LA66%20LoRaWAN%20Shield%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220907165500-1.png?width=940&height=464&rev=1.1||alt="image-20220907165500-1.png"]]
211 211  
212 -4.After the upload is successful, open the serial port monitoring and send the AT command
213 213  
129 +(% style="color:blue" %)**2.  Save the device after filling in the necessary information.**
214 214  
215 -== 2.6  Example: Join TTN network and send an uplink message, get downlink message. ==
131 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LA66%20LoRaWAN%20Shield%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220907165837-2.png?width=809&height=375&rev=1.1||alt="image-20220907165837-2.png" height="375" width="809"]]
216 216  
217 217  
134 +(% style="color:blue" %)**3.  Use AT commands.**
218 218  
219 -== 2.7  Example: Log Temperature Sensor(DHT11) and send data to TTN, show it in DataCake. ==
136 +[[image:image-20220909151441-1.jpeg||height="695" width="521"]]
220 220  
221 221  
139 +(% style="color:blue" %)**4.  Use the serial port tool**
222 222  
223 -== 2.8  Upgrade Firmware of LA66 LoRaWAN Shield ==
141 +[[image:image-20220909151517-2.png||height="543" width="708"]]
224 224  
225 225  
226 -=== 2.8.1  Items needed for update ===
144 +(% style="color:blue" %)**5.  Use command AT+CFG to get device configuration**
227 227  
228 -1. LA66 LoRaWAN Shield
229 -1. Arduino
230 -1. USB TO TTL Adapter
146 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LA66%20LoRaWAN%20Shield%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220907170308-3.png?width=617&height=556&rev=1.1||alt="image-20220907170308-3.png" height="556" width="617"]]
231 231  
232 -[[image:image-20220602100052-2.png||height="385" width="600"]]
233 233  
149 +(% style="color:blue" %)**6.  Network successfully.**
234 234  
235 -=== 2.8.2  Connection ===
151 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LA66%20LoRaWAN%20Shield%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220907170436-4.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220907170436-4.png"]]
236 236  
237 237  
238 -[[image:image-20220602101311-3.png||height="276" width="600"]]
154 +(% style="color:blue" %)**7.  Send uplink using command**
239 239  
156 +[[image:image-20220912085244-1.png]]
240 240  
241 -(((
242 -(% style="color:blue" %)**LA66 LoRaWAN Shield**(%%)  **<->** (% style="color:blue" %)**USB TTL**
243 -)))
158 +[[image:image-20220912085307-2.png]]
244 244  
245 -(((
246 -(% style="background-color:yellow" %)**GND  <-> GND
247 -TXD  <->  TXD
248 -RXD  <->  RXD**
249 -)))
250 250  
161 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LA66%20LoRaWAN%20Shield%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220907170744-6.png?width=798&height=242&rev=1.1||alt="image-20220907170744-6.png" height="242" width="798"]]
251 251  
252 -Put a jumper cap on JP6 of LA66 LoRaWAN Shield. ( the jumper is to power on LA66 module)
253 253  
254 -Connect USB TTL Adapter to PC after connecting the wires
164 +== 1.7  Example: Send PC's CPU/RAM usage to TTN via python ==
255 255  
256 256  
257 -[[image:image-20220602102240-4.png||height="304" width="600"]]
167 +**Use python as an example：**[[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/LA66/blob/main/Send_information_to_TTN_WindosPC.py>>https://github.com/dragino/LA66/blob/main/Send_information_to_TTN_WindosPC.py]]
258 258  
169 +(**Raspberry Pi example: **[[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/LA66/blob/main/Send_information_to_TTN_Raspberry%20Pi.py>>https://github.com/dragino/LA66/blob/main/Send_information_to_TTN_Raspberry%20Pi.py]])
259 259  
260 -=== 2.8.3  Upgrade steps ===
261 261  
172 +(% style="color:red" %)**Preconditions:**
262 262  
263 -==== 1.  Switch SW1 to put in ISP position ====
174 +(% style="color:red" %)**1. LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter works fine**
264 264  
176 +(% style="color:red" %)**2. LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter  is registered with TTN**
265 265  
266 -[[image:image-20220602102824-5.png||height="306" width="600"]]
267 267  
179 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Steps for usage:**
268 268  
181 +(% style="color:blue" %)**1.**(%%) Press the reset switch RESET on the LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter
269 269  
270 -==== 2.  Press the RST switch once ====
183 +(% style="color:blue" %)**2.**(%%) Add [[decoder>>https://github.com/dragino/dragino-end-node-decoder/tree/main/LA66%20USB]] on TTN
271 271  
185 +(% style="color:blue" %)**3.**(%%) Run the python script in PC and see the TTN
272 272  
273 -[[image:image-20220602104701-12.png||height="285" width="600"]]
274 274  
188 +[[image:image-20220602115852-3.png||height="450" width="1187"]]
275 275  
276 276  
277 -==== 3.  Open the Upgrade tool (Tremo Programmer) in PC and Upgrade ====
191 +== 1.8  Example: Send & Get Messages via LoRaWAN in RPi ==
278 278  
279 279  
280 -(((
281 -(% style="color:blue" %)**1. Software download link:  [[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Utility/LSN50N/>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LSN50-LoRaST/Utility/LSN50N/]]**
282 -)))
194 +Assume user already input the LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter OTAA Keys in TTN and there is already TTN network coverage.
283 283  
196 +(% style="color:blue" %)**1.  Connect the LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter to the Raspberry Pi**
284 284  
285 -[[image:image-20220602103227-6.png]]
198 +[[image:image-20220723100439-2.png]]
286 286  
287 287  
288 -[[image:image-20220602103357-7.png]]
201 +(% style="color:blue" %)**2.  Install Minicom in RPi.**
289 289  
203 +(% id="cke_bm_509388S" style="display:none" %) (%%)Enter the following command in the RPi terminal
290 290  
205 + (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**apt update**
291 291  
292 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HSelecttheCOMportcorrespondingtoUSBTTL" %)
293 -(% style="color:blue" %)**2. Select the COM port corresponding to USB TTL**
207 + (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**apt install minicom**
294 294  
209 +Use minicom to connect to the RPI's terminal
295 295  
296 -[[image:image-20220602103844-8.png]]
211 +[[image:image-20220602153146-3.png||height="439" width="500"]]
297 297  
298 298  
214 +(% style="color:blue" %)**3.  Press the reset switch RST on the LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter.**
299 299  
300 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HSelectthebinfiletoburn" %)
301 -(% style="color:blue" %)**3. Select the bin file to burn**
216 +The following picture appears to prove that the LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter successfully entered the network.
302 302  
218 +[[image:image-20220602154928-5.png||height="436" width="500"]]
303 303  
304 -[[image:image-20220602104144-9.png]]
305 305  
221 +(% style="color:blue" %)**4.  Send Uplink message**
306 306  
307 -[[image:image-20220602104251-10.png]]
223 +Format: (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**AT+SENDB=<confirn_status>,<Fport>,<data_len>,<data>**
308 308  
225 +example: AT+SENDB=01,02,8,05820802581ea0a5
309 309  
310 -[[image:image-20220602104402-11.png]]
227 +[[image:image-20220602160339-6.png||height="517" width="600"]]
311 311  
312 312  
230 +Check to see if TTN received the message
313 313  
314 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HClicktostartthedownload" %)
315 -(% style="color:blue" %)**4. Click to start the download**
316 316  
317 -[[image:image-20220602104923-13.png]]
233 +[[image:image-20220602160627-7.png||height="369" width="800"]]
318 318  
319 319  
236 +== 1.9  Example: Use of LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter and mobile APP ==
320 320  
321 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HThefollowingfigureappearstoprovethattheburningisinprogress" %)
322 -(% style="color:blue" %)**5. Check update process**
238 +=== 1.9.1  Hardware and Software Connection ===
323 323  
324 324  
325 -[[image:image-20220602104948-14.png]]
241 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HOverviewFF1A" %)
242 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Overview：**
326 326  
244 +(((
245 +DRAGINO-LA66-APP is an Open Source mobile APP for LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter. DRAGINO-LA66-APP has below features:
327 327  
247 +* Send real-time location information of mobile phone to LoRaWAN network.
248 +* Check LoRaWAN network signal strengh.
249 +* Manually send messages to LoRaWAN network.
250 +)))
328 328  
329 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HThefollowingpictureappearstoprovethattheburningissuccessful" %)
330 -(% style="color:blue" %)**The following picture shows that the burning is successful**
331 331  
332 -[[image:image-20220602105251-15.png]]
333 333  
254 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HHardwareConnection:" %)
255 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Hardware Connection:**
334 334  
257 +A USB to Type-C adapter is needed to connect to a Mobile phone.
335 335  
336 -= 3.  LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter =
259 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note: The package of LA66 USB adapter already includes this USB Type-C adapter.**
337 337  
261 +[[image:image-20220813174353-2.png||height="360" width="313"]]
338 338  
339 -== 3.1  Overview ==
340 340  
264 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HDownloadandInstallApp:" %)
265 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Download and Install App:**
341 341  
342 -[[image:image-20220715001142-3.png||height="145" width="220"]]
267 +[[(% id="cke_bm_895007S" style="display:none" %)** **(%%)**Download Link for Android apk **>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/zxwx16qb777uvkz/AABE_P8coGCQ4DAC8enH4bUya?dl=0]].  (Android Version Only)
343 343  
269 +[[image:image-20220813173738-1.png]]
344 344  
345 -(((
346 -(% style="color:blue" %)**LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter**(%%) is designed to fast turn USB devices to support LoRaWAN wireless features. It combines a CP2101 USB TTL Chip and LA66 LoRaWAN module which can easy to add LoRaWAN wireless feature to PC / Mobile phone or an embedded device that has USB Interface.
347 -)))
348 348  
349 -(((
350 -(% style="color:blue" %)**LA66**(%%) is a ready-to-use module that includes the (% style="color:blue" %)**LoRaWAN v1.0.3 protocol**(%%). The LoRaWAN stack used in LA66 is used in more than 1 million LoRaWAN End Devices deployed world widely. This mature LoRaWAN stack greatly reduces the risk to make stable LoRaWAN Sensors to support different LoRaWAN servers and different countries' standards. External MCU can use AT command to call LA66 and start to transmit data via the LoRaWAN protocol.
351 -)))
272 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HUseofAPP:" %)
273 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Use of APP:**
352 352  
353 -(((
354 -Each LA66 module includes a (% style="color:blue" %)**world-unique OTAA key**(%%) for LoRaWAN registration.
355 -)))
275 +Function and page introduction:
356 356  
357 -(((
358 -Besides the support of the LoRaWAN protocol, LA66 also supports (% style="color:blue" %)**open-source peer-to-peer LoRa Protocol**(%%) for the none-LoRaWAN application.
359 -)))
277 +[[image:image-20220723113448-7.png||height="911" width="412"]]
360 360  
361 -(((
362 -LA66 is equipped with (% style="color:blue" %)**TCXO crystal**(%%) which ensures the module can achieve stable performance in extreme temperatures.
363 -)))
364 364  
280 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Block Explain:**
365 365  
282 +1.  Display LA66 USB LoRaWAN Module connection status
366 366  
367 -== 3.2  Features ==
284 +2.  Check and reconnect
368 368  
369 -* LoRaWAN USB adapter base on LA66 LoRaWAN module
370 -* Ultra-long RF range
371 -* Support LoRaWAN v1.0.4 protocol
372 -* Support peer-to-peer protocol
373 -* TCXO crystal to ensure RF performance on low temperature
374 -* Spring RF antenna
375 -* Available in different frequency LoRaWAN frequency bands.
376 -* World-wide unique OTAA keys.
377 -* AT Command via UART-TTL interface
378 -* Firmware upgradable via UART interface
379 -* Open Source Mobile App for LoRaWAN signal detect and GPS tracking.
286 +3.  Turn send timestamps on or off
380 380  
381 -== 3.3  Specification ==
288 +4.  Display LoRaWan connection status
382 382  
383 -* CPU: 32-bit 48 MHz
384 -* Flash: 256KB
385 -* RAM: 64KB
386 -* Input Power Range: 5v
387 -* Frequency Range: 150 MHz ~~ 960 MHz
388 -* Maximum Power +22 dBm constant RF output
389 -* High sensitivity: -148 dBm
390 -* Temperature:
391 -** Storage: -55 ~~ +125℃
392 -** Operating: -40 ~~ +85℃
393 -* Humidity:
394 -** Storage: 5 ~~ 95% (Non-Condensing)
395 -** Operating: 10 ~~ 95% (Non-Condensing)
396 -* LoRa Tx Current: <90 mA at +17 dBm, 108 mA at +22 dBm
397 -* LoRa Rx current: <9 mA
290 +5.  Check LoRaWan connection status
398 398  
399 -== 3.4  Pin Mapping & LED ==
292 +6.  The RSSI value of the node when the ACK is received
400 400  
294 +7.  Node's Signal Strength Icon
401 401  
296 +8.  Configure Location Uplink Interval
402 402  
403 -== 3.5  Example: Send & Get Messages via LoRaWAN in PC ==
298 +9.  AT command input box
404 404  
300 +10.  Send Button:  Send input box info to LA66 USB Adapter
405 405  
406 -(((
407 -Assume user already input the LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter OTAA Keys in TTN and there is already TTN network coverage.
408 -)))
302 +11.  Output Log from LA66 USB adapter
409 409  
304 +12.  clear log button
410 410  
411 -(% style="color:blue" %)**1. Connect the LA66 USB LoRaWAN adapter to PC**
306 +13.  exit button
412 412  
413 413  
414 -[[image:image-20220723100027-1.png]]
309 +LA66 USB LoRaWAN Module not connected:
415 415  
311 +[[image:image-20220723110520-5.png||height="677" width="508"]]
416 416  
417 -Open the serial port tool
418 418  
419 -[[image:image-20220602161617-8.png]]
314 +Connect LA66 USB LoRaWAN Module:
420 420  
421 -[[image:image-20220602161718-9.png||height="457" width="800"]]
316 +[[image:image-20220723110626-6.png||height="681" width="511"]]
422 422  
423 423  
319 +=== 1.9.2  Send data to TTNv3 and plot location info in Node-Red ===
424 424  
425 -(% style="color:blue" %)**2. Press the reset switch RST on the LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter to reset it.**
426 426  
427 -The following picture appears to prove that the LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter successfully Join the LoRaWAN network
322 +(% style="color:blue" %)**1.  Register LA66 USB LoRaWAN Module to TTNV3**
428 428  
324 +[[image:image-20220723134549-8.png]]
429 429  
430 -[[image:image-20220602161935-10.png||height="498" width="800"]]
431 431  
327 +(% style="color:blue" %)**2.  Open Node-RED,And import the JSON file to generate the flow**
432 432  
433 433  
434 -(% style="color:blue" %)**3. See Uplink Command**
330 +Sample JSON file please go to **[[this link>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/zxwx16qb777uvkz/AABE_P8coGCQ4DAC8enH4bUya?dl=0]]** to download.
435 435  
436 -Command format: (% style="color:#4472c4" %)** AT+SENDB=<confirn_status>,<Fport>,<data_len>,<data>**
332 +For the usage of Node-RED, please refer to: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Node-RED/>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Node-RED/]]
437 437  
438 -example: AT+SENDB=01,02,8,05820802581ea0a5
334 +After see LoRaWAN Online, walk around and the APP will keep sending location info to LoRaWAN server and then to the Node Red.
439 439  
440 -[[image:image-20220602162157-11.png||height="497" width="800"]]
336 +LA66~-~-node-red~-~-decoder:[[dragino-end-node-decoder/Node-RED at main · dragino/dragino-end-node-decoder · GitHub>>url:https://github.com/dragino/dragino-end-node-decoder/tree/main/Node-RED]]
441 441  
442 442  
339 +Example output in NodeRed is as below:
443 443  
444 -(% style="color:blue" %)**4. Check to see if TTN received the message**
341 +[[image:image-20220723144339-1.png]]
445 445  
446 -[[image:image-20220602162331-12.png||height="420" width="800"]]
447 447  
344 +== 1.10  Upgrade Firmware of LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter ==
448 448  
449 449  
450 -== 3.6  Example: Send PC's CPU/RAM usage to TTN via python ==
347 +=== 1.10.1 Update method: For LA66 with bootloader ===
451 451  
452 452  
453 -**Use python as an example：**[[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/LA66/blob/main/Send_information_to_TTN_WindosPC.py>>https://github.com/dragino/LA66/blob/main/Send_information_to_TTN_WindosPC.py]]
350 +* We ship the LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter with a boot loader by default, and the latest boot loader is V1.4. Users can download the new version of the boot loader by clicking on this [[link>>https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fo/ztlw35a9xbkomu71u31im/AFhmjtEOaipfBAFrpMCoWrI/LoRaWAN%20End%20Node/LA66%20LoRaWAN%20module/Firmware/OTA_Firmware?dl=0&rlkey=ojjcsw927eaow01dgooldq3nu&subfolder_nav_tracking=1]].
454 454  
455 -(**Raspberry Pi example: **[[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/LA66/blob/main/Send_information_to_TTN_Raspberry%20Pi.py>>https://github.com/dragino/LA66/blob/main/Send_information_to_TTN_Raspberry%20Pi.py]])
352 +[[image:image-20250122110039-1.png||height="335" width="816"]]
456 456  
457 -(% style="color:red" %)**Preconditions:**
354 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note: Upgrading the boot loader requires using the upgrade method described in section 1.10.2.**
458 458  
459 -(% style="color:red" %)**1. LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter works fine**
460 460  
461 -(% style="color:red" %)**2. LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter  is registered with TTN**
357 +* For the bootloader V1.4, compared to V1.3, his role is to support OTA configuration for T68DL (D let Gino product model).
462 462  
359 +So if your LA66 doesn't need this feature, you can also just follow the below to upgrade the firmware instead of the bootloader:
463 463  
361 +**Firmware download（Please select withbootloader version）:**
464 464  
465 -(% style="color:blue" %)**Steps for usage:**
363 +[[Firmware - Dropbox>>url:https://www.dropbox.com/sh/g99v0fxcltn9r1y/AABJQUWNgt61Z567OcUf-sIya/LA66%20LoRaWAN%20module/Firmware?dl=0&subfolder_nav_tracking=1]]
466 466  
467 -(% style="color:blue" %)**1.**(%%) Press the reset switch RESET on the LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter
468 468  
469 -(% style="color:blue" %)**2.**(%%) Run the python script in PC and see the TTN
366 +**Firmware update method:**
470 470  
471 -[[image:image-20220602115852-3.png||height="450" width="1187"]]
368 +Please refer to this link
472 472  
370 +[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/UART%20Access%20for%20LoRa%20ST%20v4%20base%20model/#H3.2.1UpdateafirmwareviaDraginoSensorManagerUtility.exe>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/UART%20Access%20for%20LoRa%20ST%20v4%20base%20model/#H3.2.1UpdateafirmwareviaDraginoSensorManagerUtility.exe]]
473 473  
474 474  
475 -== 3.7  Example: Send & Get Messages via LoRaWAN in RPi ==
373 +=== 1.10.2 Update method: For LA66 without bootloader ===
476 476  
477 477  
478 -Assume user already input the LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter OTAA Keys in TTN and there is already TTN network coverage.
376 +* Explanation:
479 479  
378 +For LA66 without a bootloader, we can only burn a bootloader for it in the following way. Because using OTA_Tool to upgrade the firmware of LA66 this address is (% style="color:blue" %)**0x0800D000**(%%) by default, but our bootloader needs to be burned at address .
480 480  
481 -(% style="color:blue" %)**1. Connect the LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter to the Raspberry Pi**
380 +Therefore, you can use this method to download the firmware with the boot loader directly or upgrade your boot loader (address from (% style="color:blue" %)**0x08000000**(%%)).
482 482  
483 -[[image:image-20220723100439-2.png]]
382 +**Firmware download（Download firmware with bootloader）:**
484 484  
384 +[[Firmware - Dropbox>>url:https://www.dropbox.com/sh/g99v0fxcltn9r1y/AABJQUWNgt61Z567OcUf-sIya/LA66%20LoRaWAN%20module/Firmware?dl=0&subfolder_nav_tracking=1]]
485 485  
386 +[[image:image-20250122111651-2.png||height="243" width="682"]]
486 486  
487 -(% style="color:blue" %)**2. Install Minicom in RPi.**
488 488  
489 -(% id="cke_bm_509388S" style="display:none" %) (%%)Enter the following command in the RPi terminal
389 +* Upgrade Details：
490 490  
491 - (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**apt update**
391 +The LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter is the same as the LA66 LoRaWAN Shield update method.
492 492  
493 - (% style="background-color:yellow" %)**apt install minicom**
393 +Just use the yellow jumper cap to short the BOOT corner and the RX corner, and then press the RESET button (without the jumper cap, you can directly short the BOOT corner and the RX corner with a wire to achieve the same effect).
494 494  
395 +(% style="color:red" %)**Notice: If upgrade via USB hub is not sucessful. try to connect to PC directly.**
495 495  
496 -Use minicom to connect to the RPI's terminal
397 +[[image:image-20220723150132-2.png||height="514" width="506"]]
497 497  
498 -[[image:image-20220602153146-3.png||height="439" width="500"]]
499 499  
400 +(% style="color:blue" %)**For the LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter v1.2, the hardware design has eliminated the reset button, so the first step we need to use the DuPont wire to connect the BOOT pin to the RX pin. Second, connect the LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter v1.2 to a USB hub or computer USB port so that it will enter burn mode. Then follow the steps below to burn the firmware.**
500 500  
402 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note: After the successful burning need to unplug the LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter v1.2, and then reconnect the computer interface, so that it will exit the burning mode.**
501 501  
502 -(% style="color:blue" %)**3. Press the reset switch RST on the LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter.**
404 +[[image:image-20240401171313-1.jpeg||height="521" width="792"]]
503 503  
504 -The following picture appears to prove that the LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter successfully entered the network.
505 505  
407 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HOpentheUpgradetool28TremoProgrammer29inPCandUpgrade" %)
408 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Open the Upgrade tool (Tremo Programmer) in PC and Upgrade**
506 506  
507 -[[image:image-20220602154928-5.png||height="436" width="500"]]
410 +**1.  Software download link:  [[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/sh/j0qyc7a9ejit7jk/AACtx2tK4gEv6YFXMIVUM4dLa?dl=0>>url:https://www.dropbox.com/sh/j0qyc7a9ejit7jk/AACtx2tK4gEv6YFXMIVUM4dLa?dl=0]]**
508 508  
412 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LA66%20LoRaWAN%20Shield%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220602103227-6.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220602103227-6.png"]]
509 509  
414 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LA66%20LoRaWAN%20Shield%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220602103357-7.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220602103357-7.png" height="486" width="390"]]
510 510  
511 -(% style="color:blue" %)**4. Send Uplink message**
512 512  
513 -Format: (% style="color:#4472c4" %)**AT+SENDB=<confirn_status>,<Fport>,<data_len>,<data>**
417 +**2.  Select the COM port corresponding to USB TTL**
514 514  
515 -example: AT+SENDB=01,02,8,05820802581ea0a5
419 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LA66%20LoRaWAN%20Shield%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220602103844-8.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220602103844-8.png" height="291" width="389"]]
516 516  
517 517  
518 -[[image:image-20220602160339-6.png||height="517" width="600"]]
422 +**3.  Select the bin file to burn**
519 519  
424 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LA66%20LoRaWAN%20Shield%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220602104144-9.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220602104144-9.png" height="318" width="405"]]
520 520  
426 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LA66%20LoRaWAN%20Shield%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220602104251-10.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220602104251-10.png" height="330" width="579"]]
521 521  
522 -Check to see if TTN received the message
428 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LA66%20LoRaWAN%20Shield%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220602104402-11.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220602104402-11.png" height="290" width="372"]]
523 523  
524 -[[image:image-20220602160627-7.png||height="369" width="800"]]
525 525  
431 +**4.  Click to start the download**
526 526  
433 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LA66%20LoRaWAN%20Shield%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220602104923-13.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220602104923-13.png" height="462" width="372"]]
527 527  
528 -== 3.8  Example: Use of LA66 USB LoRaWAN Module and DRAGINO-LA66-APP. ==
529 529  
530 -=== 3.8.1 DRAGINO-LA66-APP ===
436 +**5.  Check update process**
531 531  
532 -[[image:image-20220723102027-3.png]]
438 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LA66%20LoRaWAN%20Shield%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220602104948-14.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220602104948-14.png" height="483" width="386"]]
533 533  
534 -==== Overview： ====
535 535  
536 -DRAGINO-LA66-APP is a mobile APP for LA66 USB LoRaWAN Module. DRAGINO-LA66-APP can obtain the positioning information of the mobile phone and send it to the LoRaWAN platform through the LA66 USB LoRaWAN Module.
441 +**The following picture shows that the burning is successful**
537 537  
538 -View the communication signal strength between the node and the gateway through the RSSI value（DRAGINO-LA66-APP currently only supports Android system）
443 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LA66%20LoRaWAN%20Shield%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220602105251-15.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220602105251-15.png" height="513" width="406"]]
539 539  
540 -==== Conditions of Use： ====
541 541  
542 -Requires a type-c to USB adapter
446 += 2.  FAQ =
543 543  
544 -[[image:image-20220723104754-4.png]]
448 +== 2.1  How to Compile Source Code for LA66? ==
545 545  
546 -==== Use of APP: ====
547 547  
548 -Function and page introduction
451 +Compile and Upload Code to ASR6601 Platform ：[[Instruction>>Main.User Manual for LoRaWAN End Nodes.LA66 LoRaWAN Module.Compile and Upload Code to ASR6601 Platform.WebHome]]
549 549  
550 -[[image:image-20220723113448-7.png||height="1481" width="670"]]
551 551  
552 -1.Display LA66 USB LoRaWAN Module connection status
454 +== 2.2  Where to find Peer-to-Peer firmware of LA66? ==
553 553  
554 -2.Check and reconnect
555 555  
556 -3.Turn send timestamps on or off
457 +Instruction for LA66 Peer to Peer firmware :[[ Instruction >>doc:Main.User Manual for LoRaWAN End Nodes.LA66 LoRaWAN Shield User Manual.Instruction for LA66 Peer to Peer firmware.WebHome]]
557 557  
558 -4.Display LoRaWan connection status
559 559  
560 -5.Check LoRaWan connection status
460 +== 2.3 My device keeps showing invalid credentials, the device goes into low power mode ==
561 561  
562 -6.The RSSI value of the node when the ACK is received
563 563  
564 -7.Node's Signal Strength Icon
463 +Set the AT+COMMAND: (% style="color:blue" %)**AT+UUID=666666666666**
565 565  
566 -8.Set the packet sending interval of the node in seconds
567 567  
568 -9.AT command input box
466 +== 2.4 How to use external antenna via ipex connector? ==
569 569  
570 -10.Send AT command button
571 571  
572 -11.Node log box
469 +You need to remove the spring antenna first, and also remove the resistor and capacitor.
470 +Connect external antenna.
573 573  
574 -12.clear log button
472 +[[image:image-20231129155939-1.png||height="529" width="397"]]
575 575  
576 -13.exit button
577 577  
578 -LA66 USB LoRaWAN Module not connected
475 +2.5
579 579  
580 -[[image:image-20220723110520-5.png||height="903" width="677"]]
581 581  
582 -Connect LA66 USB LoRaWAN Module
478 += 3.  Order Info =
583 583  
584 -[[image:image-20220723110626-6.png||height="906" width="680"]]
585 585  
586 -=== 3.8.2 Use DRAGINO-LA66-APP to obtain positioning information and send it to TTNV3 through LA66 USB LoRaWAN Module and integrate it into Node-RED ===
481 +**Part Number:**  (% style="color:blue" %)**LA66-USB-LoRaWAN-Adapter-XXX**
587 587  
588 -1.Register LA66 USB LoRaWAN Module to TTNV3
483 +(% style="color:blue" %)**XXX**(%%): The default frequency band
589 589  
590 -[[image:image-20220723134549-8.png]]
485 +* (% style="color:red" %)**AS923**(%%):  LoRaWAN AS923 band
486 +* (% style="color:red" %)**AU915**(%%):  LoRaWAN AU915 band
487 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EU433**(%%):  LoRaWAN EU433 band
488 +* (% style="color:red" %)**EU868**(%%):  LoRaWAN EU868 band
489 +* (% style="color:red" %)**KR920**(%%):  LoRaWAN KR920 band
490 +* (% style="color:red" %)**US915**(%%):  LoRaWAN US915 band
491 +* (% style="color:red" %)**IN865**(%%):  LoRaWAN IN865 band
492 +* (% style="color:red" %)**CN470**(%%): LoRaWAN CN470 band
493 +* (% style="color:red" %)**PP**(%%):  Peer to Peer LoRa Protocol
591 591  
592 -2.Open Node-RED,And import the JSON file to generate the flow
495 += 4.  Reference =
593 593  
594 -Sample JSON file please go to this link to download：放置JSON文件的链接
595 595  
596 -For the usage of Node-RED, please refer to: [[http:~~/~~/8.211.40.43:8080/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Node-RED/>>http://8.211.40.43:8080/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Node-RED/]]
498 +* Hardware Design File for LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter : [[Download>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/a3wbmdcvqjxaqw5/AADZfvAiykJTK624RgMquH86a?dl=0]]
499 +* Mobile Phone App Source Code: [[Download>>https://github.com/dragino/LA66_Mobile_App]].
597 597  
598 -The following is the positioning effect map
501 += 5.  FCC Statement =
599 599  
600 -[[image:image-20220723144339-1.png]]
601 601  
602 -== 3.9  Upgrade Firmware of LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter ==
504 +(% style="color:red" %)**FCC Caution:**
603 603  
604 -The LA66 USB LoRaWAN Module is the same as the LA66 LoRaWAN Shield update method
506 +Any Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.
605 605  
606 -Just use the yellow jumper cap to short the BOOT corner and the RX corner, and then press the RESET button (without the jumper cap, you can directly short the BOOT corner and the RX corner with a wire to achieve the same effect)
508 +This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
607 607  
608 -[[image:image-20220723150132-2.png]]
609 609  
511 +(% style="color:red" %)**IMPORTANT NOTE: **
610 610  
611 -= 4.  Order Info =
513 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**(%%) This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
612 612  
515 +—Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
613 613  
614 -**Part Number:**  (% style="color:blue" %)**LA66-XXX**(%%), (% style="color:blue" %)**LA66-LoRaWAN-Shield-XXX** (%%) **or**  (% style="color:blue" %)**LA66-USB-LoRaWAN-Adapter-XXX**
517 +—Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
615 615  
519 +—Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
616 616  
617 -(% style="color:blue" %)**XXX**(%%): The default frequency band
521 +—Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
618 618  
619 -* (% style="color:red" %)**AS923**(%%):  LoRaWAN AS923 band
620 -* (% style="color:red" %)**AU915**(%%):  LoRaWAN AU915 band
621 -* (% style="color:red" %)**EU433**(%%):  LoRaWAN EU433 band
622 -* (% style="color:red" %)**EU868**(%%):  LoRaWAN EU868 band
623 -* (% style="color:red" %)**KR920**(%%):  LoRaWAN KR920 band
624 -* (% style="color:red" %)**US915**(%%):  LoRaWAN US915 band
625 -* (% style="color:red" %)**IN865**(%%):  LoRaWAN IN865 band
626 -* (% style="color:red" %)**CN470**(%%): LoRaWAN CN470 band
627 -* (% style="color:red" %)**PP**(%%):  Peer to Peer LoRa Protocol
628 628  
629 -= 5.  Reference =
524 +(% style="color:red" %)**FCC Radiation Exposure Statement: **
630 630  
631 -* Hardware Design File for LA66 LoRaWAN Shield, LA66 USB LoRaWAN Adapter : [[Download>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/a3wbmdcvqjxaqw5/AADZfvAiykJTK624RgMquH86a?dl=0]]
526 +This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment.This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator& your body.
527 +
528 +
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