GroPoint Air - LoRaWAN Multi Segment Soil Sensor Converter User Manual

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**Table of Contents：**

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= 1. Introduction =

== 1.1 What is GroPoint Air ==

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The Dragino GroPoint is a (% style="color:blue" %)**LoRaWAN Multi Soil Segment Converter**(%%) for IoT of Agriculture. It is designed to connect to [[GroPoint Profile Multi-depth Soil moisture and temperature profile Sensor>>url:https://www.gropoint.com/products/soil-sensors/gropoint-profile]] and get GroPoint Profile’s reading and send it to IoT server via LoRaWAN wireless network.

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(% style="color:blue" %)**GroPoint Profile is plug-and-play with GroPoint Air**(%%) to get soil moisture and send via wireless. GroPoint Profile is powered by GroPoint Air, (% style="color:blue" %)**no need external power source**(%%).

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The LoRa wireless technology used in GroPoint Air allows devices to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data-rates. It provides ultra-long range spread spectrum communication and high interference immunity whilst minimizing current consumption.

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GroPoint Air is powered by (% style="color:blue" %)**an 8500mAh Li-SOCI2 battery**(%%), it is designed for long-term use for up to 5 years.

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Each GroPoint Air is pre-load with a set of unique keys for LoRaWAN registrations, register these keys to the local LoRaWAN server and it will auto-connect after power on.

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== 1.2 Features ==

* LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Class A

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* Ultra-low power consumption

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* Supports GroPoint Profile

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* Bands: CN470/EU433/KR920/US915/EU868/AS923/AU915/IN865

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* AT Commands to change parameters

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* Uplink on periodically

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* Downlink to change configure

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* IP66 Waterproof Enclosure

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* 8500mAh Battery for long term use

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== 1.3 Probe Specification ==

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GroPoint Air includes an M12 5-pin connector, the pins definition matches GroPoint Profile M12 version probes. Users can connect this connector to GroPoint Profile directly.

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GroPoint Profile includes a series of multi-depth soil moisture and temperature sensors. The specification for GroPoint Profile can be found here: [[https:~~/~~/www.gropoint.com/products/soil-sensors/gropoint-profile>>https://www.gropoint.com/products/soil-sensors/gropoint-profile]]

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== 1.4 Applications ==

* Smart Agriculture

== 1.5 Pin Mapping ==

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Inner PCB Pin mapping for reference:

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= 2. Connect LoRaWAN Network =

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== 2.1 LED Indicator ==

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The GroPoint Air has an internal LED which can show the status of different states.

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* The sensor is detected when the device is turned on, and it will flash 4 times quickly when it is detected.

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* Blink once when device transmits a packet.

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== 2.2 Firmware and Changelog ==

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Firmware Download Location: [[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/GroPoint_Air/firmware/>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/GroPoint_Air/firmware/]]

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Change Log:

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v1.0: Release.

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= 3. How to use? =

== 3.1 Connect to GroPoint Profile ==

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GroPoint Air must be used with [[GroPoint Profile>>https://www.gropoint.com/products/soil-sensors/gropoint-profile]]. There are different interface model from GroPoint, users need to choose the one:

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* Support RS485 Interface

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* with M12 5pin connector.

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Such model in GroPoint Profile is: (% style="color:blue" %)**2625-N-T-x-M-M **(%%)(Where x is different depending on how many levels it detects).

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== 3.2 Connect to LoRaWAN Network? ==

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Each GroPoint Air is shipped with a worldwide unique set of OTAA keys. To use GroPoint Air in a LoRaWAN network, user needs to input the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN network server. So GroPoint Air can join the LoRaWAN network and start to transmit sensor data

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== 3.3 Example to use for LoRaWAN network ==

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This section shows an example of how to join the TTN V3 LoRaWAN IoT server. Usages with other LoRaWAN IoT servers are similar.

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* In this use case, the GroPoint Air measures soil moisture and temperature and sends the status to the LoRaWAN server.The GroPoint Air will uplink different types of messages to the LoRaWAN server. See [[Uplink payload>>||anchor="H3.4A0UplinkPayloadAnalyze"]] for detail.

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Assume the DLOS8 is already set to connect to the [[TTN V3 network >>url:https://eu1.cloud.thethings.network/]]. We need to add the GroPoint Air device in TTN V3:

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1**(%%): Create a device in TTN V3 with the OTAA keys from GroPoint Air.

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Each GroPoint Air is shipped with a sticker with the default device EUI as below:

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Users can enter these keys in the LoRaWAN Server portal. Below is the TTN V3 screenshot:

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**Add APP EUI in the application.**

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**Add APP KEY and DEV EUI**

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2**(%%): Power on GroPoint Air

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Put the jumper to power on GroPoint Air and it will auto-join to the TTN V3 network. After join success, it will start to upload sensor data to TTN V3 and the user can see it in the panel.

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=== **Decoder in TTN V3** ===

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Please check the decoder [gropoint_Decoder_V1.0.0.js] from this link:

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[[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/sh/p3n1ddms7xmjpm2/AACdIXfC7jVkrE6Y3VI_pVQxa?dl=0>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/p3n1ddms7xmjpm2/AACdIXfC7jVkrE6Y3VI_pVQxa?dl=0]]

== 3.4 Uplink Payload Analyze ==

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Uplink payloads have two types:

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Report temperature and humidity status normally: Use FPORT=2

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Other control commands: Use other FPORT fields.

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The application server should parse the correct value based on FPORT settings.

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== 3.5 temperature and humidity Value, Uplink FPORT~=2 ==

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GroPoint Air will send this uplink after Device Status once join the LoRaWAN network successfully. And GroPoint Air will:

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periodically send this uplink every 20 minutes, this interval can be changed.

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The drawing below shows the probe dimensions of the 2-8 segment probes, Temperature sen sor locations provided in table below:

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GroPoint Air's sensors come in six models: GPLP-2，GPLP-3，GPLP-4，GPLP-5，GPLP-6，GPLP-8.

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The amount of temperature and humidity is different for each model, so the payload of each model is different.

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Take GPLP-3 as an example：

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Uplink Payload totals 21 bytes.

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For US915 frequency, when DR=0 and the payload length exceeds 11, the DR of this packet is switched to 1.

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For AU915 frequency, when DR=2，Dwelltime=1 and the payload length exceeds 11, the DR of this packet is switched to 3.

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For AS923 frequency, when DR=2，Dwelltime=1 and the payload length exceeds 11, the DR of this packet is switched to 3.

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== 3.6 Show data on Datacake ==

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Datacake IoT platform provides a human-friendly interface to show the sensor data, once we have sensor data in TTN V3, we can use Datacake to connect to TTN V3 and see the data in Datacake. Below are the steps:

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1**(%%): Link TTNv3 to Datacake [[https:~~/~~/docs.datacake.de/lorawan/lns/thethingsindustries#create-integration-on-tti>>url:https://docs.datacake.de/lorawan/lns/thethingsindustries#create-integration-on-tti]]

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2**(%%): Configure SW3L in Datacake

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= 4. Configure GroPoint Air via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink =

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Use can configure GroPoint Air via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink.

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* AT Command Connection: See [[FAQ>>url:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LLMS01-LoRaWAN%20Leaf%20Moisture%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/#H6.FAQ]].

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* LoRaWAN Downlink instruction for different platforms: [[IoT LoRaWAN Server>>url:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/view/Main/]]

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There are two kinds of commands to configure GroPoint Air, they are:

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**~ (% style="color:#4472C4" %)General Commands**.

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These commands are to configure:

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* General system settings like: uplink interval.

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* LoRaWAN protocol & radio-related command.

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They are the same for all Dragino Device that support DLWS-005 LoRaWAN Stack. These commands can be found on the wiki: [[End Device AT Commands and Downlink Command>>url:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/]]

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**~ (% style="color:#4472C4" %)Commands special design for GroPoint Air**

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These commands only valid for GroPoint Air, as below:

== 4.1 Set Transmit Interval Time ==

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Feature: Change LoRaWAN End Node Transmit Interval.

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**(% style="color:#037691" %)AT Command: AT+TDC**

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**(% style="color:#037691" %)Downlink Command: 0x01**

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Format: Command Code (0x01) followed by 3 bytes time value.

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If the downlink payload=0100003C, it means set the END Node’s Transmit Interval to 0x00003C=60(S), while type code is 01.

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* Example 1: Downlink Payload: 0100001E ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 30 seconds

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* Example 2: Downlink Payload: 0100003C ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 60 seconds

== 4.2 Set Interrupt Mode ==

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Feature, Set Interrupt mode for GPIO_EXIT.

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**(% style="color:#037691" %)AT Command: AT+INTMOD**

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**(% style="color:#037691" %)Downlink Command: 0x06**

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Format: Command Code (0x06) followed by 3 bytes.

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This means that the interrupt mode of the end node is set to 0x000003=3 (rising edge trigger), and the type code is 06.

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* Example 1: Downlink Payload: 06000000 ~/~/ Turn off interrupt mode

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* Example 2: Downlink Payload: 06000003 ~/~/ Set the interrupt mode to rising edge trigger

== 4.3 Set the sensor delay time ==

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Feature: Change the sensor delay time.

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There are six models of GroPoint Air, and each model returns a different number of temperature and humidity. The more bytes of the returned value, the longer the delay. The AT+SDELAY command can adjust the time that the sensor returns data to the node, and can adjust different delays according to different types of sensors.

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The default delay is 1000ms.

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**(% style="color:#037691" %)AT Command: AT+SDELAY**

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**(% style="color:#037691" %)Downlink Command: 0xA1**

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Format: Command Code (0xA1) followed by 3 bytes time value.

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If the downlink payload=A10007D0, it means set the sensor delay time to 0x0007D0=2000ms, while type code is A1.

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* Example 1: Downlink Payload: A10003E8 ~/~/ Set the sensor delay time = 1000ms

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* Example 2: Downlink Payload: A10007D0 ~/~/ Set the sensor delay time = 2000ms

== 4.4 Query sensor model function ==

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Feature: Using this function will re-update the model.

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**(% style="color:#037691" %)Downlink Command: 0xFA00**

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== 4.5 Get Firmware Version Info ==

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Feature: use downlink to get firmware version.

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**(% style="color:#037691" %)Downlink Command: 0x26**

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* Reply to the confirmation package: 26 01

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* Reply to non-confirmed packet: 26 00

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Device will send an uplink after got this downlink command. With below payload:

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Configures info payload:

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(% border="1" cellspacing="8" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:green; width:510px" %)

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|=(% style="width: 96px;" %)(((

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**Size(bytes)**

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|(% style="width:96px" %)**Value**|(% style="width:119px" %)Software Type|(% style="width:88px" %)(((

Frequency

Band

)))|(% style="width:88px" %)Sub-band|(% style="width:82px" %)(((

Firmware

Version

)))|(% style="width:108px" %)Sensor Type|(% style="width:76px" %)Reserve|(% style="width:102px" %)(((

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[[Message Type>>url:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LLMS01-LoRaWAN%20Leaf%20Moisture%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/#H2.3.6MessageType]]

Always 0x02

)))

**(% style="color:#037691" %)Software Type**(%%): Always 0x03 for GroPoint Air

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**(% style="color:#037691" %)Frequency Band**(%%):

*0x01: EU868

*0x02: US915

*0x03: IN865

*0x04: AU915

*0x05: KZ865

*0x06: RU864

*0x07: AS923

*0x08: AS923-1

*0x09: AS923-2

*0x0A: AS923-3

*0x0B: AS923-4

**(% style="color:#037691" %)Sub-Band**(%%): value 0x00 ~~ 0x08

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**(% style="color:#037691" %)Firmware Version**(%%): 0x0100, Means: v1.0.0 version

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**(% style="color:#037691" %)Sensor Type**(%%):

0x01: LSE01

0x02: LDDS75

0x03: LDDS20

0x04: LLMS01

0x05: LSPH01

0x06: LSNPK01

0x07: LDDS45

0x08: LSLP01

= 5. Use AT Command =

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== 5.1 Access AT Commands ==

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GroPoint Air supports AT Command set in the stock firmware. You can use a USB to TTL adapter to connect to GroPoint Air for using AT command, as below.

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(% aria-label="1654593668970-604.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:Main.User Manual for LoRaWAN End Nodes.LLMS01-LoRaWAN Leaf Moisture Sensor User Manual.WebHome@1654593668970-604.png||data-widget="image" height="297" width="474"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)

**Connection:**

(% style="background-color:yellow" %)** USB TTL GND <~-~-~-~-> GND**

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(% style="background-color:yellow" %)** USB TTL TXD <~-~-~-~-> UART_RXD**

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(% style="background-color:yellow" %)** USB TTL RXD <~-~-~-~-> UART_TXD**

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In the PC, you need to set the serial baud rate to (% style="color:green" %)**9600**(%%) to access the serial console for GroPoint Air. GroPoint Air will output system info once power on as below:

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(% aria-label="1654653659449-932.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:Main.User Manual for LoRaWAN End Nodes.LLMS01-LoRaWAN Leaf Moisture Sensor User Manual.WebHome@1654653659449-932.png||data-widget="image" height="471" width="674"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)

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Valid AT Command please check [[Configure Device>>||anchor="H3.ConfigureLLMS01viaATCommandorLoRaWANDownlink"]].

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= 6. Battery & How to replace =

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== 6.1 Battery Type ==

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GroPoint Air is equipped with a [[8500mAH ER26500 Li-SOCI2 battery>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/ER26500/]]. The battery is an un-rechargeable battery with a low discharge rate targeting more than 5 years use. This type of battery is commonly used in IoT targets for long-term running, such as water meters.

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The discharge curve is not linear so can’t simply use percentage to show the battery level. Below is the battery performance.

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(% aria-label="1654593587246-335.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LLMS01-LoRaWAN%20Leaf%20Moisture%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1654593587246-335.png?rev=1.1||alt="1654593587246-335.png" data-widget="image" height="408" width="574"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)

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Minimum Working Voltage for the GroPoint Air:

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GroPoint Air: 2.45v ~~ 3.6v

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== 6.2 Power Consumption Analyze ==

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Dragino Battery-powered products are all runs in Low Power mode. We have an updated battery calculator which base on the measurement of the real device. User can use this calculator to check the battery life and calculate the battery life if want to use different transmit intervals.

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Instruction to use as below:

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**Step 1**: Downlink the up-to-date DRAGINO_Battery_Life_Prediction_Table.xlsx from: [[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.pHp?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Battery_Analyze/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Battery_Analyze/]]

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**Step 2**: Open it and choose

* (((

Product Model

)))

* (((

Uplink Interval

)))

* (((

Working Mode

)))

And the Life expectation in different cases will be shown on the right.

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(% aria-label="1654593605679-189.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LLMS01-LoRaWAN%20Leaf%20Moisture%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1654593605679-189.png?rev=1.1||alt="1654593605679-189.png" data-widget="image"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)

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The battery-related documents as below:

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* (((

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[[Battery Dimension>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/&file=LSN50-Battery-Dimension.pdf]],

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)))

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* (((

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[[Lithium-Thionyl Chloride Battery datasheet>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/ER26500/ER26500_Datasheet-EN.pdf]],

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)))

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* (((

510

[[Lithium-ion Battery-Capacitor datasheet>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/SPC_1520_datasheet.jpg]], [[Tech Spec>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/SPC1520%20Technical%20Specification20171123.pdf]]

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)))

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(% aria-label="image-20220607172042-11.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LLMS01-LoRaWAN%20Leaf%20Moisture%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220607172042-11.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220607172042-11.png" data-widget="image"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)

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=== 6.2.1 Battery Note ===

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The Li-SICO battery is designed for small current / long period applications. It is not good to use a high current, short period transmit method. The recommended minimum period for use of this battery is 5 minutes. If you use a shorter period to transmit LoRa, then the battery life may be decreased.

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=== 6.2.2 Replace the battery ===

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You can change the battery in GroPoint Air. The type of battery is not limited as long as the output is between 3v to 3.6v.

)))

(((

The default battery pack of GroPoint Air includes a ER26500 plus supercapacitor. If users can’t find this pack locally, they can find ER26500 or equivalence, which will also work in most cases. The SPC can enlarge the battery life for high-frequency use (update period below 5 minutes).

)))

= 7. FAQ =

== 7.1 How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region ==

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You can follow the instruction here: [[how to upgrade image>>doc:Main.Firmware Upgrade Instruction for STM32 base products.WebHome||anchor="H2.HardwareUpgradeMethodSupportList"]].

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When downloading the images, choose the required image file for download.

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= 8. Trouble Shooting =

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== 8.1 AT Commands input doesn’t work ==

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In case if user can see the console output but can’t type input to the device. Please check if you already include the (% style="color:green" %)**ENTER**(%%) while sending out the command. Some serial tool doesn’t send (% style="color:green" %)**ENTER**(%%) while pressing the send key, user need to add ENTER in their string.

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== 8.2 Why i see the payload is 7FFF? ==

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The device will judge the length of the data received by the serial port. If the length of the received data is 0, it means that there is a problem with the sensor communication or the sensor is not connected properly, it is invalid data, and the uploaded data is 7FFF.

= 9. Order Info =

Part Number: **GROPOINT AIR-M-XX**

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**XX**: The default frequency band

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