Last modified by Xiaoling on 2024/04/23 14:37
<
From version < 67.2 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/06/25 10:37
To version < 55.3 >
edited by Edwin Chen
on 2022/06/19 08:12
>
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1 -XWiki.Xiaoling
1 +XWiki.Edwin
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3 -(% aria-label="image-20220530000243-1.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)
4 -(((
5 -(% data-widget="image" style="text-align:center" %)
6 -[[image:image-20220530000243-1.png||height="332" width="531"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
7 -
8 -(% style="background-image:url(http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]]
9 -)))
10 -
11 -
12 -**Table of Contents：**
13 -
14 -(% aria-label="macro:toc widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)
15 -(((
16 -
17 -)))
18 -
1 +{{box cssClass="floatinginfobox" title="**Contents**"}}
19 19  {{toc/}}
3 +{{/box}}
20 20  
21 21  
6 +[[image:image-20220530000243-1.png||height="332" width="531"]]
22 22  
23 23  
9 += Introduction =
24 24  
11 +== What is GroPoint Air ==
25 25  
26 -
27 -= 1.  Introduction =
28 -
29 -== 1.1  What is GroPoint Air ==
30 -
31 -
32 32  The Dragino GroPoint is a (% style="color:blue" %)**LoRaWAN Multi Soil Segment Converter**(%%) for IoT of Agriculture. It is designed to connect to [[GroPoint Profile Multi-depth Soil moisture and temperature profile Sensor>>url:https://www.gropoint.com/products/soil-sensors/gropoint-profile]] and get GroPoint Profile’s reading and send it to IoT server via LoRaWAN wireless network.
33 33  
34 34  (% style="color:blue" %)**GroPoint Profile is plug-and-play with GroPoint Air**(%%) to get soil moisture and send via wireless. GroPoint Profile is powered by GroPoint Air, (% style="color:blue" %)**no need external power source**(%%).
... ... @@ -39,11 +39,12 @@
39 39  
40 40  Each GroPoint Air is pre-load with a set of unique keys for LoRaWAN registrations, register these keys to the local LoRaWAN server and it will auto-connect after power on.
41 41  
42 -(% aria-label="image-20220530002019-2.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220530002019-2.png||data-widget="image" height="295" width="655"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
23 +[[image:image-20220530002019-2.png||height="295" width="655"]]
43 43  
44 44  
45 -== 1.2  Features ==
26 +== Features ==
46 46  
28 +
47 47  * LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Class A
48 48  * Ultra-low power consumption
49 49  * Supports GroPoint Profile
... ... @@ -54,197 +54,121 @@
54 54  * IP66 Waterproof Enclosure
55 55  * 8500mAh Battery for long term use
56 56  
39 +== Probe Specification ==
57 57  
58 -
59 -
60 -
61 -
62 -== 1.3  Probe Specification ==
63 -
64 64  GroPoint Air includes an M12 5-pin connector, the pins definition matches GroPoint Profile M12 version probes. Users can connect this connector to GroPoint Profile directly.
65 65  
66 66  GroPoint Profile includes a series of multi-depth soil moisture and temperature sensors. The specification for GroPoint Profile can be found here: [[https:~~/~~/www.gropoint.com/products/soil-sensors/gropoint-profile>>https://www.gropoint.com/products/soil-sensors/gropoint-profile]]
67 67  
68 68  
69 -== 1.4  Applications ==
46 +== Applications ==
70 70  
71 71  * Smart Agriculture
72 72  
73 -== 1.5  Pin Mapping ==
50 +== Pin Mapping ==
74 74  
75 75  Inner PCB Pin mapping for reference:
76 76  
77 -(% aria-label="image-20220530002453-3.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220530002453-3.png||data-widget="image" height="262" width="493"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
54 +[[image:image-20220530002453-3.png||height="262" width="493"]]
78 78  
79 79  
80 -= 2.  Connect LoRaWAN Network =
57 += Connect LoRaWAN Network =
81 81  
82 -== 2.1  LED Indicator ==
83 83  
60 +== LED Indicator ==
61 +
84 84  The GroPoint Air has an internal LED which can show the status of different states.
85 85  
86 86  * The sensor is detected when the device is turned on, and it will flash 4 times quickly when it is detected.
87 87  * Blink once when device transmits a packet.
88 88  
89 -== 2.2  Firmware and Changelog ==
67 +== Firmware and Changelog ==
90 90  
91 -(((
92 92  Firmware Download Location: [[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/GroPoint_Air/firmware/>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/GroPoint_Air/firmware/]]
93 -)))
94 94  
95 -(((
96 -Change Log:
97 -)))
71 +Change Log:
98 98  
99 -(((
100 -v1.0:  Release.
101 -)))
102 102  
74 += Operation Mode =
103 103  
104 -= 3.  How to use? =
76 +== How it works? ==
105 105  
106 -== 3.1  Connect to GroPoint Profile ==
107 -
108 -GroPoint Air must be used with [[GroPoint Profile>>https://www.gropoint.com/products/soil-sensors/gropoint-profile]]. There are different interface model from GroPoint, users need to choose the one:
109 -
110 -* Support RS485 Interface
111 -* with M12 5pin connector.
112 -
113 -Such model in GroPoint Profile is: (% style="color:blue" %)**2625-N-T-x-M-M **(%%)(Where x is different depending on how many levels it detects).
114 -
115 -
116 -== 3.2  Connect to LoRaWAN Network? ==
117 -
118 118  Each GroPoint Air is shipped with a worldwide unique set of OTAA keys. To use GroPoint Air in a LoRaWAN network, user needs to input the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN network server. So GroPoint Air can join the LoRaWAN network and start to transmit sensor data
119 119  
120 120  
121 -== 3.3  Example to use for LoRaWAN network ==
81 += Example to use for LoRaWAN network =
122 122  
123 123  This section shows an example of how to join the TTN V3 LoRaWAN IoT server. Usages with other LoRaWAN IoT servers are similar.
124 124  
125 -* In this use case, the GroPoint Air measures soil moisture and temperature and sends the status to the LoRaWAN server.The GroPoint Air will uplink different types of messages to the LoRaWAN server. See [[Uplink payload>>||anchor="H3.4A0UplinkPayloadAnalyze"]] for detail.
85 +* In this use case, the GroPoint Air measures soil moisture and temperature and sends the status to the LoRaWAN server.The GroPoint Air will uplink different types of messages to the LoRaWAN server. See [[Uplink payload>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/SW3L%20LoRaWAN%20Outdoor%20Flow%20Sensor/#H2.3UplinkPayload]] for detail.
126 126  
127 127  Assume the DLOS8 is already set to connect to the [[TTN V3 network >>url:https://eu1.cloud.thethings.network/]]. We need to add the GroPoint Air device in TTN V3:
128 128  
89 +**Step 1**: Create a device in TTN V3 with the OTAA keys from GroPoint Air.
129 129  
130 -(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1**(%%): Create a device in TTN V3 with the OTAA keys from GroPoint Air.
131 -
132 132  Each GroPoint Air is shipped with a sticker with the default device EUI as below:
133 133  
134 134  
135 -(% aria-label="1652944593868-618.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/SW3L%20LoRaWAN%20Outdoor%20Flow%20Sensor/WebHome/1652944593868-618.png?rev=1.1||alt="1652944593868-618.png" data-widget="image"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
94 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/SW3L%20LoRaWAN%20Outdoor%20Flow%20Sensor/WebHome/1652944593868-618.png?rev=1.1||alt="1652944593868-618.png"]]
136 136  
137 137  Users can enter these keys in the LoRaWAN Server portal. Below is the TTN V3 screenshot:
138 138  
139 -**Add APP EUI in the application.**
98 +Add APP EUI in the application.
140 140  
141 -(% aria-label="image-20220519151704-1.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/SW3L%20LoRaWAN%20Outdoor%20Flow%20Sensor/WebHome/image-20220519151704-1.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220519151704-1.png" data-widget="image"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
100 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/SW3L%20LoRaWAN%20Outdoor%20Flow%20Sensor/WebHome/image-20220519151704-1.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220519151704-1.png"]]
142 142  
143 -(% aria-label="image-20220519151704-2.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/SW3L%20LoRaWAN%20Outdoor%20Flow%20Sensor/WebHome/image-20220519151704-2.png?width=717&height=322&rev=1.1||alt="image-20220519151704-2.png" data-widget="image" height="322" width="717"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
102 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/SW3L%20LoRaWAN%20Outdoor%20Flow%20Sensor/WebHome/image-20220519151704-2.png?width=717&height=322&rev=1.1||alt="image-20220519151704-2.png" height="322" width="717"]]
144 144  
145 -(% aria-label="image-20220519151704-3.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/SW3L%20LoRaWAN%20Outdoor%20Flow%20Sensor/WebHome/image-20220519151704-3.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220519151704-3.png" data-widget="image"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
104 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/SW3L%20LoRaWAN%20Outdoor%20Flow%20Sensor/WebHome/image-20220519151704-3.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220519151704-3.png"]]
146 146  
147 -(% aria-label="image-20220519151704-4.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/SW3L%20LoRaWAN%20Outdoor%20Flow%20Sensor/WebHome/image-20220519151704-4.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220519151704-4.png" data-widget="image"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
106 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/SW3L%20LoRaWAN%20Outdoor%20Flow%20Sensor/WebHome/image-20220519151704-4.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220519151704-4.png"]]
148 148  
149 -**Add APP KEY and DEV EUI**
108 +Add APP KEY and DEV EUI
150 150  
110 +**Step 2**: Power on GroPoint Air
151 151  
152 -(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2**(%%):  Power on GroPoint Air
112 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/SW3L%20LoRaWAN%20Outdoor%20Flow%20Sensor/WebHome/image-20220519094347-1.png?width=725&height=430&rev=1.1||alt="image-20220519094347-1.png" height="430" width="725"]]
153 153  
154 -(% aria-label="image-20220519094347-1.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/SW3L%20LoRaWAN%20Outdoor%20Flow%20Sensor/WebHome/image-20220519094347-1.png?width=725&height=430&rev=1.1||alt="image-20220519094347-1.png" data-widget="image" height="430" width="725"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
155 -
156 156  Put the jumper to power on GroPoint Air and it will auto-join to the TTN V3 network. After join success, it will start to upload sensor data to TTN V3 and the user can see it in the panel.
157 157  
158 -(% aria-label="image-20220611174943-1.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220611174943-1.png||data-widget="image" height="139" width="1008"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
116 +[[image:image-20220611174943-1.png||height="139" width="1008"]]
159 159  
160 160  
161 -=== **Decoder in TTN V3** ===
119 +=== Decoder in TTN V3 ===
162 162  
163 -(% aria-label="1652927365661-475.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/SW3L%20LoRaWAN%20Outdoor%20Flow%20Sensor/WebHome/1652927365661-475.png?width=723&height=359&rev=1.1||alt="1652927365661-475.png" data-widget="image" height="359" width="723"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
121 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/SW3L%20LoRaWAN%20Outdoor%20Flow%20Sensor/WebHome/1652927365661-475.png?width=723&height=359&rev=1.1||alt="1652927365661-475.png" height="359" width="723"]]
164 164  
165 165  Please check the decoder [gropoint_Decoder_V1.0.0.js] from this link:
166 166  
167 -[[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/sh/p3n1ddms7xmjpm2/AACdIXfC7jVkrE6Y3VI_pVQxa?dl=0>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/p3n1ddms7xmjpm2/AACdIXfC7jVkrE6Y3VI_pVQxa?dl=0]]
125 +[[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/sh/4strg6w7kkekdc4/AAAUKdAV3XKhOi3t6YjA8j9za?dl=0>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/4strg6w7kkekdc4/AAAUKdAV3XKhOi3t6YjA8j9za?dl=0]]
168 168  
169 169  
128 +== Show data on Datacake ==
170 170  
171 -== 3.4  Uplink Payload Analyze ==
172 -
173 -Uplink payloads have two types:
174 -
175 -* (((
176 -Report temperature and humidity status normally: Use FPORT=2
177 -)))
178 -* (((
179 -Other control commands: Use other FPORT fields.
180 -)))
181 -
182 -The application server should parse the correct value based on FPORT settings.
183 -
184 -
185 -== 3.5  temperature and humidity Value, Uplink FPORT~=2 ==
186 -
187 -
188 -GroPoint Air will send this uplink after Device Status once join the LoRaWAN network successfully. And GroPoint Air will:
189 -
190 -periodically send this uplink every 20 minutes, this interval can be changed.
191 -
192 -The drawing below shows the probe dimensions of the 2-8 segment probes, Temperature sen sor locations provided in table below:
193 -
194 -(% aria-label="image-20220621093414-1.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220621093414-1.png||data-widget="image" height="932" width="816"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
195 -
196 -GroPoint Air's sensors come in six models: GPLP-2，GPLP-3，GPLP-4，GPLP-5，GPLP-6，GPLP-8.
197 -
198 -The amount of temperature and humidity is different for each model, so the payload of each model is different.
199 -
200 -Take GPLP-3 as an example：
201 -
202 -Uplink Payload totals 21 bytes.
203 -
204 -(% aria-label="image-20220621100751-2.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220621100751-2.png||data-widget="image" height="124" width="774"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
205 -
206 -(% aria-label="image-20220611174943-1.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220611174943-1.png||data-widget="image" height="139" width="1008"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
207 -
208 -
209 -For US915 frequency, when DR=0 and the payload length exceeds 11, the DR of this packet is switched to 1.
210 -
211 -For AU915 frequency, when DR=2，Dwelltime=1 and the payload length exceeds 11, the DR of this packet is switched to 3.
212 -
213 -For AS923 frequency, when DR=2，Dwelltime=1 and the payload length exceeds 11, the DR of this packet is switched to 3.
214 -
215 -
216 -== 3.6  Show data on Datacake ==
217 -
218 218  Datacake IoT platform provides a human-friendly interface to show the sensor data, once we have sensor data in TTN V3, we can use Datacake to connect to TTN V3 and see the data in Datacake. Below are the steps:
219 219  
220 -(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1**(%%):  Link TTNv3 to Datacake [[https:~~/~~/docs.datacake.de/lorawan/lns/thethingsindustries#create-integration-on-tti>>url:https://docs.datacake.de/lorawan/lns/thethingsindustries#create-integration-on-tti]]
132 +**Step 1**: Link TTNv3 to Datacake [[https:~~/~~/docs.datacake.de/lorawan/lns/thethingsindustries#create-integration-on-tti>>url:https://docs.datacake.de/lorawan/lns/thethingsindustries#create-integration-on-tti]]
221 221  
222 -(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2**(%%):  Configure SW3L in Datacake  ​​​​
134 +**Step 2**: Configure SW3L in Datacake  ​​​​
223 223  
224 -(% aria-label="image-20220613171007-1.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220613171007-1.png||data-widget="image" height="567" width="542"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
136 +[[image:image-20220613171007-1.png||height="567" width="542"]]
225 225  
226 -(% aria-label="image-20220613171015-2.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220613171015-2.png||data-widget="image" height="600" width="586"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
138 +[[image:image-20220613171015-2.png||height="600" width="586"]]
227 227  
228 -(% aria-label="image-20220613171029-3.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220613171029-3.png||data-widget="image" height="507" width="513"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
140 +[[image:image-20220613171029-3.png||height="507" width="513"]]
229 229  
230 -(% aria-label="image-20220613171038-4.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220613171038-4.png||data-widget="image" height="469" width="786"]]
142 +[[image:image-20220613171038-4.png||height="469" width="786"]]
231 231  
232 -(% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
144 +[[image:image-20220613171105-5.png||height="533" width="949"]]
233 233  
234 -(% aria-label="image-20220613171105-5.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220613171105-5.png||data-widget="image" height="533" width="949"]]
146 +[[image:image-20220613171117-6.png||height="501" width="925"]]
235 235  
236 -(% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
148 +[[image:image-20220613171124-7.png||height="466" width="877"]]
237 237  
238 -(% aria-label="image-20220613171117-6.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220613171117-6.png||data-widget="image" height="501" width="925"]]
239 239  
240 -(% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
241 241  
242 -(% aria-label="image-20220613171124-7.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220613171124-7.png||data-widget="image" height="466" width="877"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
152 += Configure GroPoint Air via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink =
243 243  
244 -
245 -
246 -= 4.  Configure GroPoint Air via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink =
247 -
248 248  Use can configure GroPoint Air via AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink.
249 249  
250 250  * AT Command Connection: See [[FAQ>>url:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LLMS01-LoRaWAN%20Leaf%20Moisture%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/#H6.FAQ]].
... ... @@ -253,7 +253,7 @@
253 253  There are two kinds of commands to configure GroPoint Air, they are:
254 254  
255 255  * (((
256 -**~ (% style="color:#4472c4" %)General Commands(%%)**(% style="color:#4472c4" %).
162 +**~ General Commands**.
257 257  )))
258 258  
259 259  These commands are to configure:
... ... @@ -264,24 +264,21 @@
264 264  They are the same for all Dragino Device that support DLWS-005 LoRaWAN Stack. These commands can be found on the wiki: [[End Device AT Commands and Downlink Command>>url:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/]]
265 265  
266 266  
267 -
268 268  * (((
269 -**~ (% style="color:#4472c4" %)Commands special design for GroPoint Air(%%)**
174 +**~ Commands special design for GroPoint Air**
270 270  )))
271 271  
272 272  These commands only valid for GroPoint Air, as below:
273 273  
179 +== 3.1 Set Transmit Interval Time ==
274 274  
275 -
276 -== 4.1  Set Transmit Interval Time ==
277 -
278 278  Feature: Change LoRaWAN End Node Transmit Interval.
279 279  
280 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command: AT+TDC**
183 +**AT Command: AT+TDC**
281 281  
282 -(% aria-label="image-20220607171554-8.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LLMS01-LoRaWAN%20Leaf%20Moisture%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220607171554-8.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220607171554-8.png" data-widget="image"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
185 +[[image:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LLMS01-LoRaWAN%20Leaf%20Moisture%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220607171554-8.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220607171554-8.png"]]
283 283  
284 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command: 0x01**
187 +**Downlink Command: 0x01**
285 285  
286 286  Format: Command Code (0x01) followed by 3 bytes time value.
287 287  
... ... @@ -290,15 +290,15 @@
290 290  * Example 1: Downlink Payload: 0100001E ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 30 seconds
291 291  * Example 2: Downlink Payload: 0100003C ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 60 seconds
292 292  
293 -== 4.2  Set Interrupt Mode ==
196 +== 3.2 Set Interrupt Mode ==
294 294  
295 295  Feature, Set Interrupt mode for GPIO_EXIT.
296 296  
297 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command: AT+INTMOD**
200 +**AT Command: AT+INTMOD**
298 298  
299 -(% aria-label="image-20220607171716-9.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LLMS01-LoRaWAN%20Leaf%20Moisture%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220607171716-9.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220607171716-9.png" data-widget="image"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
202 +[[image:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LLMS01-LoRaWAN%20Leaf%20Moisture%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220607171716-9.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220607171716-9.png"]]
300 300  
301 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command: 0x06**
204 +**Downlink Command: 0x06**
302 302  
303 303  Format: Command Code (0x06) followed by 3 bytes.
304 304  
... ... @@ -307,19 +307,17 @@
307 307  * Example 1: Downlink Payload: 06000000 ~/~/ Turn off interrupt mode
308 308  * Example 2: Downlink Payload: 06000003 ~/~/ Set the interrupt mode to rising edge trigger
309 309  
310 -== 4.3  Set the sensor delay time ==
213 +== (% id="cke_bm_55968S" style="display:none" %) (%%)3.3 Set the sensor delay time ==
311 311  
312 312  Feature: Change the sensor delay time.
313 313  
314 -There are six models of GroPoint Air, and each model returns a different number of temperature and humidity. The more bytes of the returned value, the longer the delay. The AT+SDELAY command can adjust the time that the sensor returns data to the node, and can adjust different delays according to different types of sensors.
315 -
316 316  The default delay is 1000ms.
317 317  
318 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT Command: AT+SDELAY**
219 +**AT Command: AT+SDELAY**
319 319  
320 -(% aria-label="image-20220613175511-8.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:image-20220613175511-8.png||data-widget="image"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
221 +[[image:image-20220613175511-8.png]]
321 321  
322 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command: 0xA1**
223 +**Downlink Command: 0xA1**
323 323  
324 324  Format: Command Code (0xA1) followed by 3 bytes time value.
325 325  
... ... @@ -328,20 +328,13 @@
328 328  * Example 1: Downlink Payload: A10003E8 ~/~/ Set the sensor delay time = 1000ms
329 329  * Example 2: Downlink Payload: A10007D0 ~/~/ Set the sensor delay time = 2000ms
330 330  
331 -== 4.4  Query sensor model function ==
232 +== 3.4 Get Firmware Version Info ==
332 332  
333 -Feature: Using this function will re-update the model.
334 -
335 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command: 0xFA00**
336 -
337 -
338 -== 4.5  Get Firmware Version Info ==
339 -
340 340  Feature: use downlink to get firmware version.
341 341  
342 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downlink Command: 0x26**
236 +**Downlink Command: 0x26**
343 343  
344 -(% aria-label="image-20220607171917-10.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LLMS01-LoRaWAN%20Leaf%20Moisture%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220607171917-10.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220607171917-10.png" data-widget="image"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
238 +[[image:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LLMS01-LoRaWAN%20Leaf%20Moisture%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220607171917-10.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220607171917-10.png"]]
345 345  
346 346  * Reply to the confirmation package: 26 01
347 347  * Reply to non-confirmed packet: 26 00
... ... @@ -350,13 +350,25 @@
350 350  
351 351  Configures info payload:
352 352  
353 -[[image:image-20220625101917-1.png]]
247 +|=(((
248 +**Size(bytes)**
249 +)))|=**1**|=**1**|=**1**|=**2**|=**1**|=4|=**1**
250 +|**Value**|Software Type|(((
251 +Frequency
354 354  
253 +Band
254 +)))|Sub-band|(((
255 +Firmware
355 355  
356 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Software Type**(%%): Always 0x03 for GroPoint Air
257 +Version
258 +)))|Sensor Type|Reserve|(((
259 +[[Message Type>>url:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LLMS01-LoRaWAN%20Leaf%20Moisture%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/#H2.3.6MessageType]]
260 +Always 0x02
261 +)))
357 357  
263 +**Software Type**: Always 0x03 for LLMS01
358 358  
359 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Frequency Band**(%%):
265 +**Frequency Band**:
360 360  
361 361  *0x01: EU868
362 362  
... ... @@ -380,15 +380,12 @@
380 380  
381 381  *0x0B: AS923-4
382 382  
289 +**Sub-Band**: value 0x00 ~~ 0x08
383 383  
384 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Sub-Band**(%%):  value 0x00 ~~ 0x08
291 +**Firmware Version**: 0x0100, Means: v1.0.0 version
385 385  
293 +**Sensor Type**:
386 386  
387 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Firmware Version**(%%):  0x0100, Means: v1.0.0 version
388 -
389 -
390 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Sensor Type**(%%):
391 -
392 392  0x01: LSE01
393 393  
394 394  0x02: LDDS75
... ... @@ -405,14 +405,13 @@
405 405  
406 406  0x08: LSLP01
407 407  
311 += Use AT Command =
408 408  
409 -= 5.  Use AT Command =
313 +== Access AT Commands ==
410 410  
411 -== 5.1  Access AT Commands ==
412 -
413 413  GroPoint Air supports AT Command set in the stock firmware. You can use a USB to TTL adapter to connect to GroPoint Air for using AT command, as below.
414 414  
415 -(% aria-label="1654593668970-604.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:Main.User Manual for LoRaWAN End Nodes.LLMS01-LoRaWAN Leaf Moisture Sensor User Manual.WebHome@1654593668970-604.png||data-widget="image" height="297" width="474"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
317 +[[image:Main.User Manual for LoRaWAN End Nodes.LLMS01-LoRaWAN Leaf Moisture Sensor User Manual.WebHome@1654593668970-604.png||height="297" width="474"]]
416 416  
417 417  **Connection:**
418 418  
... ... @@ -425,14 +425,14 @@
425 425  
426 426  In the PC, you need to set the serial baud rate to (% style="color:green" %)**9600**(%%) to access the serial console for GroPoint Air. GroPoint Air will output system info once power on as below:
427 427  
428 -(% aria-label="1654653659449-932.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:Main.User Manual for LoRaWAN End Nodes.LLMS01-LoRaWAN Leaf Moisture Sensor User Manual.WebHome@1654653659449-932.png||data-widget="image" height="471" width="674"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
330 +[[image:Main.User Manual for LoRaWAN End Nodes.LLMS01-LoRaWAN Leaf Moisture Sensor User Manual.WebHome@1654653659449-932.png||height="471" width="674"]]
429 429  
430 -Valid AT Command please check [[Configure Device>>||anchor="H4.A0ConfigureGroPointAirviaATCommandorLoRaWANDownlink"]].
332 +Valid AT Command please check [[Configure Device>>||anchor="H3.ConfigureLLMS01viaATCommandorLoRaWANDownlink"]].
431 431  
432 432  
433 -= 6.  Battery & How to replace =
335 += Battery & How to replace =
434 434  
435 -== 6.1  Battery Type ==
337 +== Battery Type ==
436 436  
437 437  GroPoint Air is equipped with a [[8500mAH ER26500 Li-SOCI2 battery>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/ER26500/]]. The battery is an un-rechargeable battery with a low discharge rate targeting more than 5 years use. This type of battery is commonly used in IoT targets for long-term running, such as water meters.
438 438  
... ... @@ -439,7 +439,7 @@
439 439  The discharge curve is not linear so can’t simply use percentage to show the battery level. Below is the battery performance.
440 440  
441 441  
442 -(% aria-label="1654593587246-335.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LLMS01-LoRaWAN%20Leaf%20Moisture%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1654593587246-335.png?rev=1.1||alt="1654593587246-335.png" data-widget="image" height="408" width="574"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
344 +[[image:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LLMS01-LoRaWAN%20Leaf%20Moisture%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1654593587246-335.png?rev=1.1||alt="1654593587246-335.png" height="408" width="574"]]
443 443  
444 444  Minimum Working Voltage for the GroPoint Air:
445 445  
... ... @@ -446,7 +446,7 @@
446 446  GroPoint Air:  2.45v ~~ 3.6v
447 447  
448 448  
449 -== 6.2  Power Consumption Analyze ==
351 +== Power Consumption Analyze ==
450 450  
451 451  Dragino Battery-powered products are all runs in Low Power mode. We have an updated battery calculator which base on the measurement of the real device. User can use this calculator to check the battery life and calculate the battery life if want to use different transmit intervals.
452 452  
... ... @@ -453,10 +453,10 @@
453 453  Instruction to use as below:
454 454  
455 455  
456 -(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1**(%%):  Downlink the up-to-date DRAGINO_Battery_Life_Prediction_Table.xlsx from: [[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.pHp?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Battery_Analyze/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Battery_Analyze/]]
358 +**Step 1**: Downlink the up-to-date DRAGINO_Battery_Life_Prediction_Table.xlsx from: [[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.pHp?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Battery_Analyze/>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/Battery_Analyze/]]
457 457  
458 458  
459 -(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2**(%%):  Open it and choose
361 +**Step 2**: Open it and choose
460 460  
461 461  * (((
462 462  Product Model
... ... @@ -470,83 +470,70 @@
470 470  
471 471  And the Life expectation in different cases will be shown on the right.
472 472  
473 -(% aria-label="1654593605679-189.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LLMS01-LoRaWAN%20Leaf%20Moisture%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1654593605679-189.png?rev=1.1||alt="1654593605679-189.png" data-widget="image"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
375 +[[image:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LLMS01-LoRaWAN%20Leaf%20Moisture%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1654593605679-189.png?rev=1.1||alt="1654593605679-189.png"]]
474 474  
475 475  The battery-related documents as below:
476 476  
477 477  * (((
478 -[[Battery Dimension>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]],
380 +[[Battery Dimension>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/&file=LSN50-Battery-Dimension.pdf]],
479 479  )))
480 480  * (((
481 481  [[Lithium-Thionyl Chloride Battery  datasheet>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/ER26500/ER26500_Datasheet-EN.pdf]],
482 482  )))
483 483  * (((
484 -[[Lithium-ion Battery-Capacitor datasheet>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]], [[Tech Spec>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/]]
386 +[[Lithium-ion Battery-Capacitor datasheet>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/SPC_1520_datasheet.jpg]], [[Tech Spec>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/SPC1520%20Technical%20Specification20171123.pdf]]
485 485  )))
486 486  
487 -(% aria-label="image-20220607172042-11.png image widget" contenteditable="false" role="region" tabindex="-1" %)[[image:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LLMS01-LoRaWAN%20Leaf%20Moisture%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220607172042-11.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220607172042-11.png" data-widget="image"]](% style="background-image:url(http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/webjars/wiki%3Axwiki/application-ckeditor-webjar/1.61/plugins/widget/images/handle.png); background:rgba(220,220,220,0.5); display:none" %)[[image:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPABAP///wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==||draggable="true" height="15" role="presentation" title="Click and drag to move" width="15"]](% title="Click and drag to resize" %)​
389 +[[image:http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LLMS01-LoRaWAN%20Leaf%20Moisture%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220607172042-11.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220607172042-11.png"]]
488 488  
489 489  
490 -=== ​6.2.1  Battery Note ===
392 +=== ​Battery Note ===
491 491  
492 492  The Li-SICO battery is designed for small current / long period applications. It is not good to use a high current, short period transmit method. The recommended minimum period for use of this battery is 5 minutes. If you use a shorter period to transmit LoRa, then the battery life may be decreased.
493 493  
494 494  
495 -=== 6.2.2  Replace the battery ===
397 +=== Replace the battery ===
496 496  
497 -(((
498 498  You can change the battery in GroPoint Air. The type of battery is not limited as long as the output is between 3v to 3.6v.
499 -)))
500 500  
501 -(((
502 -The default battery pack of GroPoint Air includes a ER26500 plus supercapacitor. If users can’t find this pack locally, they can find ER26500 or equivalence, which will also work in most cases. The SPC can enlarge the battery life for high-frequency use (update period below 5 minutes).
503 -)))
401 +The default battery pack of GroPoint Air includes a ER26500 plus supercapacitor. If users can’t find this pack locally, they can find ER26500 or equivalence, which will also work in most cases. The SPC can enlarge the battery life for high-frequency use (update period below 5 minutes)
504 504  
505 505  
506 506  
507 -= 7.  FAQ =
508 508  
509 -== 7.1  How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region ==
406 += FAQ =
510 510  
408 +== How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region ==
409 +
511 511  You can follow the instruction here: [[how to upgrade image>>doc:Main.Firmware Upgrade Instruction for STM32 base products.WebHome||anchor="H2.HardwareUpgradeMethodSupportList"]].
512 512  When downloading the images, choose the required image file for download. ​
513 513  
514 514  
515 -= 8.  Trouble Shooting =
414 += Trouble Shooting =
516 516  
517 -== 8.1  AT Commands input doesn't work ==
416 +== AT Commands input doesn’t work ==
518 518  
519 -In case if user can see the console output but can't type input to the device. Please check if you already include the (% style="color:green" %)**ENTER**(%%) while sending out the command. Some serial tool doesn’t send (% style="color:green" %)**ENTER**(%%) while pressing the send key, user need to add ENTER in their string.
418 +In case if user can see the console output but can’t type input to the device. Please check if you already include the (% style="color:green" %)**ENTER**(%%) while sending out the command. Some serial tool doesn’t send (% style="color:green" %)**ENTER**(%%) while pressing the send key, user need to add ENTER in their string.
520 520  
521 521  
522 -== 8.2  Why i see the payload is 7FFF? ==
523 523  
524 -The device will judge the length of the data received by the serial port. If the length of the received data is 0, it means that there is a problem with the sensor communication or the sensor is not connected properly, it is invalid data, and the uploaded data is 7FFF.
422 += Order Info =
525 525  
424 +Part Number: **GROPOINT AIR-M-XX**
526 526  
527 -= 9.  Order Info =
426 +**XX**: The default frequency band
528 528  
529 -Part Number: (% style="color:blue" %)**GROPOINT AIR-M-XX**
428 +* **AS923**: LoRaWAN AS923 band
429 +* **AU915**: LoRaWAN AU915 band
430 +* **EU433**: LoRaWAN EU433 band
431 +* **EU868**: LoRaWAN EU868 band
432 +* **KR920**: LoRaWAN KR920 band
433 +* **US915**: LoRaWAN US915 band
434 +* **IN865**: LoRaWAN IN865 band
435 +* **CN470**: LoRaWAN CN470 band
530 530  
531 -(% style="color:blue" %)**XX**(%%): The default frequency band
437 += ​Packing Info =
532 532  
533 -* (% style="color:red" %)**AS923**(%%): LoRaWAN AS923 band
534 -* (% style="color:red" %)**AU915**(%%): LoRaWAN AU915 band
535 -* (% style="color:red" %)**EU433**(%%): LoRaWAN EU433 band
536 -* (% style="color:red" %)**EU868**(%%): LoRaWAN EU868 band
537 -* (% style="color:red" %)**KR920**(%%): LoRaWAN KR920 band
538 -* (% style="color:red" %)**US915**(%%): LoRaWAN US915 band
539 -* (% style="color:red" %)**IN865**(%%):  LoRaWAN IN865 band
540 -* (% style="color:red" %)**CN470**(%%): LoRaWAN CN470 band
541 -
542 -​
543 -
544 -
545 -
546 -
547 -
548 -= 10.  Packing Info =
549 -
550 550  **Package Includes:  **
551 551  
552 552  * GroPoint Air-M x 1
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