LDS12-LB -- LoRaWAN LiDAR ToF Distance Sensor User Manual

The Dragino LDS12-LB is a (% style="color:blue" %)**LoRaWAN LiDAR ToF (Time of Flight) Distance Sensor**(%%) for Internet of Things solution. It is capable to measure the distance to an object as close as 10 centimeters (+/- 5cm up to 6m) and as far as 12 meters (+/-1% starting at 6m)!. The LiDAR probe uses laser induction technology for distance measurement.

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The LDS12-LB can be applied to scenarios such as horizontal distance measurement, parking management system, object proximity and presence detection, intelligent trash can management system, robot obstacle avoidance, automatic control, sewer, etc.

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It detects the distance between the measured object and the sensor, and uploads the value via wireless to LoRaWAN IoT Server.

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The LoRa wireless technology used in LDS12-LB allows device to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data-rates. It provides ultra-long range spread spectrum communication and high interference immunity whilst minimizing current consumption.

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LDS12-LB (% style="color:blue" %)**supports BLE configure**(%%) and (% style="color:blue" %)**wireless OTA update**(%%) which make user easy to use.

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LDS12-LB is powered by (% style="color:blue" %)**8500mAh Li-SOCI2 battery**(%%), it is designed for long term use up to 5 years.

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Each LDS12-LB is pre-load with a set of unique keys for LoRaWAN registrations, register these keys to local LoRaWAN server and it will auto connect after power on.

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[[image:image-20230615152941-1.png||height="459" width="800"]]

== 1.2 Features ==

* LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Class A

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* Bands: CN470/EU433/KR920/US915/EU868/AS923/AU915/IN865

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* Ultra-low power consumption

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* Laser technology for distance detection

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* Measure Distance: 0.1m~~12m @ 90% Reflectivity

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* Accuracy : ±5cm@(0.1-6m), ±1%@(6m-12m)

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* Monitor Battery Level

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* Support Bluetooth v5.1 and LoRaWAN remote configure

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* Support wireless OTA update firmware

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* AT Commands to change parameters

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* Downlink to change configure

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* 8500mAh Battery for long term use

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== 1.3 Specification ==

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Common DC Characteristics:**

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* Supply Voltage: built in 8500mAh Li-SOCI2 battery , 2.5v ~~ 3.6v

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* Operating Temperature: -40 ~~ 85°C

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Probe Specification:**

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* Storage temperature：-20℃~~75℃

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* Operating temperature : -20℃~~60℃

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* Measure Distance:

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** 0.1m ~~ 12m @ 90% Reflectivity

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** 0.1m ~~ 4m @ 10% Reflectivity

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* Accuracy : ±5cm@(0.1-6m), ±1%@(6m-12m)

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* Distance resolution : 5mm

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* Ambient light immunity : 70klux

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* Enclosure rating : IP65

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* Light source : LED

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* Central wavelength : 850nm

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* FOV : 3.6°

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* Material of enclosure : ABS+PC

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* Wire length : 25cm

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**LoRa Spec:**

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* Frequency Range, Band 1 (HF): 862 ~~ 1020 Mhz

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* Max +22 dBm constant RF output vs.

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* RX sensitivity: down to -139 dBm.

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* Excellent blocking immunity

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Battery:**

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* Li/SOCI2 un-chargeable battery

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* Capacity: 8500mAh

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* Self-Discharge: <1% / Year @ 25°C

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* Max continuously current: 130mA

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* Max boost current: 2A, 1 second

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Power Consumption**

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* Sleep Mode: 5uA @ 3.3v

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* LoRa Transmit Mode: 125mA @ 20dBm, 82mA @ 14dBm

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== 1.4 Applications ==

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* Horizontal distance measurement

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* Parking management system

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* Object proximity and presence detection

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* Intelligent trash can management system

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* Robot obstacle avoidance

* Automatic control

* Sewer

(% style="display:none" %)

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== 1.5 Sleep mode and working mode ==

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Deep Sleep Mode: **(%%)Sensor doesn't have any LoRaWAN activate. This mode is used for storage and shipping to save battery life.

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Working Mode:** (%%)In this mode, Sensor will work as LoRaWAN Sensor to Join LoRaWAN network and send out sensor data to server. Between each sampling/tx/rx periodically, sensor will be in IDLE mode), in IDLE mode, sensor has the same power consumption as Deep Sleep mode.

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== 1.6 Button & LEDs ==

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[[image:Main.User Manual for LoRaWAN End Nodes.D20-LBD22-LBD23-LB_LoRaWAN_Temperature_Sensor_User_Manual.WebHome@1675071855856-879.png]]

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(% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:510px" %)

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|=(% style="width: 167px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)**Behavior on ACT**|=(% style="width: 117px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)**Function**|=(% style="width: 225px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)**Action**

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|(% style="width:167px" %)Pressing ACT between 1s < time < 3s|(% style="width:117px" %)Send an uplink|(% style="width:225px" %)(((

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If sensor is already Joined to LoRaWAN network, sensor will send an uplink packet, (% style="color:blue" %)**blue led** (%%)will blink once.

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Meanwhile, BLE module will be active and user can connect via BLE to configure device.

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|(% style="width:167px" %)Pressing ACT for more than 3s|(% style="width:117px" %)Active Device|(% style="width:225px" %)(((

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(% style="color:green" %)**Green led**(%%) will fast blink 5 times, device will enter (% style="color:#037691" %)**OTA mode**(%%) for 3 seconds. And then start to JOIN LoRaWAN network.

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(% style="color:green" %)**Green led**(%%) will solidly turn on for 5 seconds after joined in network.

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Once sensor is active, BLE module will be active and user can connect via BLE to configure device, no matter if device join or not join LoRaWAN network.

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|(% style="width:167px" %)Fast press ACT 5 times.|(% style="width:117px" %)Deactivate Device|(% style="width:225px" %)(% style="color:red" %)**Red led**(%%) will solid on for 5 seconds. Means device is in Deep Sleep Mode.

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== 1.7 BLE connection ==

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LDS12-LB support BLE remote configure.

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BLE can be used to configure the parameter of sensor or see the console output from sensor. BLE will be only activate on below case:

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* Press button to send an uplink

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* Press button to active device.

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* Device Power on or reset.

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If there is no activity connection on BLE in 60 seconds, sensor will shut down BLE module to enter low power mode.

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== 1.8 Pin Definitions ==

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[[image:image-20230805144259-1.png||height="413" width="741"]]

== 1.9 Mechanical ==

[[image:Main.User Manual for LoRaWAN End Nodes.D20-LBD22-LBD23-LB_LoRaWAN_Temperature_Sensor_User_Manual.WebHome@1675143884058-338.png]]

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[[image:Main.User Manual for LoRaWAN End Nodes.D20-LBD22-LBD23-LB_LoRaWAN_Temperature_Sensor_User_Manual.WebHome@1675143899218-599.png]]

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[[image:Main.User Manual for LoRaWAN End Nodes.D20-LBD22-LBD23-LB_LoRaWAN_Temperature_Sensor_User_Manual.WebHome@1675143909447-639.png]]

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Probe Mechanical:**

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[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LLDS12-LoRaWAN%20LiDAR%20ToF%20Distance%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1654827224480-952.png?rev=1.1||alt="1654827224480-952.png"]]

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= 2. Configure LDS12-LB to connect to LoRaWAN network =

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== 2.1 How it works ==

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The LDS12-LB is configured as (% style="color:#037691" %)**LoRaWAN OTAA Class A**(%%) mode by default. It has OTAA keys to join LoRaWAN network. To connect a local LoRaWAN network, you need to input the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN IoT server and press the button to activate the LDS12-LB. It will automatically join the network via OTAA and start to send the sensor value. The default uplink interval is 20 minutes.

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(% style="display:none" %) (%%)

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== 2.2 Quick guide to connect to LoRaWAN server (OTAA) ==

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Following is an example for how to join the [[TTN v3 LoRaWAN Network>>url:https://console.cloud.thethings.network/]]. Below is the network structure; we use the [[LPS8v2>>url:https://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/228-lps8v2.html]] as a LoRaWAN gateway in this example.

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The LPS8v2 is already set to connected to [[TTN network >>url:https://console.cloud.thethings.network/]], so what we need to now is configure the TTN server.

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[[image:image-20230615153004-2.png||height="459" width="800"]](% style="display:none" %)

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1:**(%%) Create a device in TTN with the OTAA keys from LDS12-LB.

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Each LDS12-LB is shipped with a sticker with the default device EUI as below:

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[[image:image-20230426084152-1.png||alt="图片-20230426084152-1.png" height="233" width="502"]]

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You can enter this key in the LoRaWAN Server portal. Below is TTN screen shot:

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Register the device**

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[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LSN50v2-S31-S31B%20LoRaWAN%20Temperature%20%26%20Humidity%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1654935135620-998.png?rev=1.1||alt="1654935135620-998.png"]]

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Add APP EUI and DEV EUI**

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[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LSN50v2-S31-S31B%20LoRaWAN%20Temperature%20%26%20Humidity%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220611161308-4.png?width=753&height=551&rev=1.1||alt="图片-20220611161308-4.png"]]

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Add APP EUI in the application**

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[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LSN50v2-S31-S31B%20LoRaWAN%20Temperature%20%26%20Humidity%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220611161308-5.png?width=742&height=601&rev=1.1||alt="图片-20220611161308-5.png"]]

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Add APP KEY**

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[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LSN50v2-S31-S31B%20LoRaWAN%20Temperature%20%26%20Humidity%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220611161308-6.png?width=744&height=485&rev=1.1||alt="图片-20220611161308-6.png"]]

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2:**(%%) Activate on LDS12-LB

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Press the button for 5 seconds to activate the LDS12-LB.

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(% style="color:green" %)**Green led**(%%) will fast blink 5 times, device will enter (% style="color:blue" %)**OTA mode**(%%) for 3 seconds. And then start to JOIN LoRaWAN network. (% style="color:green" %)**Green led**(%%) will solidly turn on for 5 seconds after joined in network.

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After join success, it will start to upload messages to TTN and you can see the messages in the panel.

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== 2.3 Uplink Payload ==

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=== 2.3.1 Device Status, FPORT~=5 ===

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Users can use the downlink command(**0x26 01**) to ask LDS12-LB to send device configure detail, include device configure status. LDS12-LB will uplink a payload via FPort=5 to server.

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The Payload format is as below.

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(% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:510px" %)

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|=(% style="width: 60px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)(((

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**Size(bytes)**

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)))|=(% style="width: 100px; background-color: #4F81BD;color:white;" %)**1**|=(% style="width: 100px; background-color: #4F81BD;color:white;" %)**2**|=(% style="background-color: #4F81BD;color:white; width: 100px;" %)**1**|=(% style="background-color: #4F81BD;color:white; width: 100px;" %)**1**|=(% style="background-color: #4F81BD;color:white; width: 50px;" %)**2**

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Example parse in TTNv3

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[[image:image-20230805103904-1.png||height="131" width="711"]]

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Sensor Model**(%%): For LDS12-LB, this value is 0x24

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Firmware Version**(%%): 0x0100, Means: v1.0.0 version

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Frequency Band**:

0x01: EU868

0x02: US915

0x03: IN865

0x04: AU915

0x05: KZ865

0x06: RU864

0x07: AS923

0x08: AS923-1

0x09: AS923-2

0x0a: AS923-3

0x0b: CN470

0x0c: EU433

0x0d: KR920

0x0e: MA869

(% style="color:blue" %)**Sub-Band**:

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AU915 and US915:value 0x00 ~~ 0x08

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CN470: value 0x0B ~~ 0x0C

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Other Bands: Always 0x00

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Battery Info**:

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Check the battery voltage.

Ex1: 0x0B45 = 2885mV

Ex2: 0x0B49 = 2889mV

=== 2.3.2 Uplink Payload, FPORT~=2 ===

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LDS12-LB will send this uplink **after** Device Status once join the LoRaWAN network successfully. And LDS12-LB will:

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periodically send this uplink every 20 minutes, this interval [[can be changed>>http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LDS12-LB_LoRaWAN_LiDAR_ToF_Distance_Sensor_User_Manual/#H3.3.1SetTransmitIntervalTime]].

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Uplink Payload totals 11 bytes.

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)))

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(% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:510px" %)

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|=(% style="width: 60px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)(((

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**Size(bytes)**

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)))|=(% style="width: 30px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)**2**|=(% style="width: 80px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)**2**|=(% style="width: 50px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)**2**|=(% style="width: 70px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)**2**|=(% style="background-color:#4F81BD;color:white; width: 80px;" %)**1**|=(% style="background-color: #4F81BD;color:white; width: 70px;" %)**1**|=(% style="background-color: #4F81BD;color:white; width: 70px;" %)**1**

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|(% style="width:62.5px" %)Value|(% style="width:62.5px" %)[[BAT>>||anchor="HBatteryInfo"]]|(% style="width:62.5px" %)(((

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[[Temperature DS18B20>>||anchor="HDS18B20Temperaturesensor"]]

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)))|[[Distance>>||anchor="HDistance"]]|[[Distance signal strength>>||anchor="HDistancesignalstrength"]]|(% style="width:122px" %)(((

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[[Interrupt flag & Interrupt_level>>||anchor="HInterruptPin26A0InterruptLevel"]]

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)))|(% style="width:54px" %)[[LiDAR temp>>||anchor="HLiDARtemp"]]|(% style="width:96px" %)(((

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[[Message Type>>||anchor="HMessageType"]]

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[[image:image-20230805104104-2.png||height="136" width="754"]]

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==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Battery Info**(%%) ====

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Check the battery voltage for LDS12-LB.

Ex1: 0x0B45 = 2885mV

Ex2: 0x0B49 = 2889mV

==== (% style="color:blue" %)**DS18B20 Temperature sensor**(%%) ====

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This is optional, user can connect external DS18B20 sensor to the +3.3v, 1-wire and GND pin . and this field will report temperature.

**Example**:

If payload is: 0105H: (0105 & FC00 == 0), temp = 0105H /10 = 26.1 degree

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If payload is: FF3FH : (FF3F & FC00 == 1) , temp = (FF3FH - 65536)/10 = -19.3 degrees.

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==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Distance**(%%) ====

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Represents the distance value of the measurement output, the default unit is cm, and the value range parsed as a decimal number is 0-1200. In actual use, when the signal strength value Strength.

**Example**:

If the data you get from the register is 0x0B 0xEA, the distance between the sensor and the measured object is 0BEA(H) = 3050 (D)/10 = 305cm.

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==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Distance signal strength**(%%) ====

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Refers to the signal strength, the default output value will be between 0-65535. When the distance measurement gear is fixed, the farther the distance measurement is, the lower the signal strength; the lower the target reflectivity, the lower the signal strength. When Strength is greater than 100 and not equal to 65535, the measured value of Dist is considered credible.

**Example**:

If payload is: 01D7(H)=471(D), distance signal strength=471, 471>100,471≠65535, the measured value of Dist is considered credible.

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Customers can judge whether they need to adjust the environment based on the signal strength.

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**1) When the sensor detects valid data:**

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[[image:image-20230805155335-1.png||height="145" width="724"]]

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**2) When the sensor detects invalid data:**

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[[image:image-20230805155428-2.png||height="139" width="726"]]

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**3) When the sensor is not connected:**

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[[image:image-20230805155515-3.png||height="143" width="725"]]

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==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Interrupt Pin & Interrupt Level**(%%) ====

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This data field shows if this packet is generated by interrupt or not. [[Click here>>||anchor="H3.3.2SetInterruptMode"]] for the hardware and software set up.

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Note: The Internet Pin is a separate pin in the screw terminal. See GPIO_EXTI of [[pin mapping>>||anchor="H1.8PinDefinitions"]].

**Example:**

If byte[0]&0x01=0x00 : Normal uplink packet.

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If byte[0]&0x01=0x01 : Interrupt Uplink Packet.

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==== (% style="color:blue" %)**LiDAR temp**(%%) ====

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Characterize the internal temperature value of the sensor.

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**Example: **

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If payload is: 1C(H) <<24>>24=28(D),LiDAR temp=28℃.

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If payload is: F2(H) <<24>>24=-14(D),LiDAR temp=-14℃.

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==== (% style="color:blue" %)**Message Type**(%%) ====

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For a normal uplink payload, the message type is always 0x01.

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Valid Message Type:

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(% border="1" cellspacing="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:499px" %)

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|=(% style="width: 161px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)**Message Type Code**|=(% style="width: 164px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)**Description**|=(% style="width: 174px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)**Payload**

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|(% style="width:160px" %)0x01|(% style="width:163px" %)Normal Uplink|(% style="width:173px" %)[[Normal Uplink Payload>>||anchor="H2.3200BUplinkPayload"]]

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|(% style="width:160px" %)0x02|(% style="width:163px" %)Reply configures info|(% style="width:173px" %)[[Configure Info Payload>>||anchor="H3.ConfigureLDS12-LB"]]

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[[image:image-20230805150315-4.png||height="233" width="723"]]

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=== 2.3.3 Historical measuring distance, FPORT~=3 ===

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LDS12-LB stores sensor values and users can retrieve these history values via the [[downlink command>>http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LDS12-LB_LoRaWAN_LiDAR_ToF_Distance_Sensor_User_Manual/#H2.5.4Pollsensorvalue]].

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The historical payload includes one or multiplies entries and every entry has the same payload as Real-Time water flow status.

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(% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:510px" %)

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|=(% style="width: 60px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)(((

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**Size(bytes)**

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)))|=(% style="width: 30px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)1|=(% style="width: 80px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)**1**|=(% style="width: 50px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)**2**|=(% style="width: 70px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)**2**|=(% style="background-color: rgb(79, 129, 189); color: white; width: 88px;" %)**1**|=(% style="background-color: rgb(79, 129, 189); color: white; width: 85px;" %)4

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|(% style="width:62.5px" %)Value|(% style="width:62.5px" %)Interrupt flag & Interrupt_level|(% style="width:62.5px" %)(((

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Reserve(0xFF)

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)))|Distance|Distance signal strength|(% style="width:88px" %)(((

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LiDAR temp

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)))|(% style="width:85px" %)Unix TimeStamp

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**Interrupt flag & Interrupt level:**

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(% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:501px" %)

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|=(% style="width: 60px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)(((

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**Size(bit)**

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)))|=(% style="width: 30px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)**bit7**|=(% style="width: 80px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)**bit6**|=(% style="width: 50px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)**[bit5:bit2]**|=(% style="width: 91px; background-color: rgb(79, 129, 189); color: white;" %)**bit1**|=(% style="background-color: rgb(79, 129, 189); color: white; width: 88px;" %)**bit0**

Interrupt flag

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Each data entry is 11 bytes and has the same structure as [[Uplink Payload>>http://8.211.40.43/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LDS12-LB_LoRaWAN_LiDAR_ToF_Distance_Sensor_User_Manual/#H2.3.2UplinkPayload2CFPORT3D2]], to save airtime and battery, LDS12-LB will send max bytes according to the current DR and Frequency bands.

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For example, in the US915 band, the max payload for different DR is:

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**a) DR0:** max is 11 bytes so one entry of data

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**b) DR1:** max is 53 bytes so devices will upload 4 entries of data (total 44 bytes)

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**c) DR2:** total payload includes 11 entries of data

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**d) DR3:** total payload includes 22 entries of data.

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If LDS12-LB doesn't have any data in the polling time. It will uplink 11 bytes of 0

**Downlink:**

0x31 64 CC 68 0C 64 CC 69 74 05

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[[image:image-20230805144936-2.png||height="113" width="746"]]

**Uplink:**

43 FF 0E 10 00 B0 1E 64 CC 68 0C 40 FF 0D DE 00 A8 1E 64 CC 68 29 40 FF 09 92 00 D3 1E 64 CC 68 65 40 FF 02 3A 02 BC 1E 64 CC 68 A1 41 FF 0E 1A 00 A4 1E 64 CC 68 C0 40 FF 0D 2A 00 B8 1E 64 CC 68 E8 40 FF 00 C8 11 6A 1E 64 CC 69 24 40 FF 0E 24 00 AD 1E 64 CC 69 6D

**Parsed Value:**

[DISTANCE , DISTANCE_SIGNAL_STRENGTH，LIDAR_TEMP，EXTI_STATUS , EXTI_FLAG , TIME]

497

498

499

[360,176,30,High,True,2023-08-04 02:53:00],

500

501

[355,168,30,Low,False,2023-08-04 02:53:29],

502

503

[245,211,30,Low,False,2023-08-04 02:54:29],

504

505

[57,700,30,Low,False,2023-08-04 02:55:29],

506

507

[361,164,30,Low,True,2023-08-04 02:56:00],

508

509

[337,184,30,Low,False,2023-08-04 02:56:40],

510

511

[20,4458,30,Low,False,2023-08-04 02:57:40],

512

513

[362,173,30,Low,False,2023-08-04 02:58:53],

514

515

516

History read from serial port：

517

518

[[image:image-20230805145056-3.png]]

519

520

521

=== 2.3.4 Decode payload in The Things Network ===

522

523

524

While using TTN network, you can add the payload format to decode the payload.

525

526

[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LLDS12-LoRaWAN%20LiDAR%20ToF%20Distance%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1654592762713-715.png?rev=1.1||alt="1654592762713-715.png"]]

(((

The payload decoder function for TTN is here:

)))

(((

LDS12-LB TTN Payload Decoder: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/dragino-end-node-decoder>>https://github.com/dragino/dragino-end-node-decoder]]

)))

== 2.4 Show Data in DataCake IoT Server ==

(((

[[DATACAKE>>url:https://datacake.co/]] provides a human friendly interface to show the sensor data, once we have data in TTN, we can use [[DATACAKE>>url:https://datacake.co/]] to connect to TTN and see the data in DATACAKE. Below are the steps:

)))

(((

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1**(%%)**: Be sure that your device is programmed and properly connected to the network at this time.**

)))

(((

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2**(%%)**: To configure the Application to forward data to DATACAKE you will need to add integration. To add the DATACAKE integration, perform the following steps:**

)))

[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LDDS75%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Distance%20Detection%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1654592790040-760.png?rev=1.1||alt="1654592790040-760.png"]]

556

557

558

[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LDDS75%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Distance%20Detection%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1654592800389-571.png?rev=1.1||alt="1654592800389-571.png"]]

559

560

561

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 3**(%%)**: Create an account or log in Datacake.**

562

563

(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 4**(%%)**: Search the LDS12-LB and add DevEUI.**

564

565

[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LDDS75%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Distance%20Detection%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1654851029373-510.png?rev=1.1||alt="1654851029373-510.png"]]

566

567

568

After added, the sensor data arrive TTN V3, it will also arrive and show in Datacake.

569

570

[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LDDS75%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Distance%20Detection%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220610165129-11.png?width=1088&height=595&rev=1.1||alt="image-20220610165129-11.png"]]

571

572

573

== 2.5 Datalog Feature ==

574

575

576

Datalog Feature is to ensure IoT Server can get all sampling data from Sensor even if the LoRaWAN network is down. For each sampling, LDS12-LB will store the reading for future retrieving purposes.

577

578

579

=== 2.5.1 Ways to get datalog via LoRaWAN ===

580

581

582

Set PNACKMD=1, LDS12-LB will wait for ACK for every uplink, when there is no LoRaWAN network,LDS12-LB will mark these records with non-ack messages and store the sensor data, and it will send all messages (10s interval) after the network recovery.

583

584

* (((

585

a) LDS12-LB will do an ACK check for data records sending to make sure every data arrive server.

586

)))

587

* (((

588

b) LDS12-LB will send data in **CONFIRMED Mode** when PNACKMD=1, but LDS12-LB won't re-transmit the packet if it doesn't get ACK, it will just mark it as a NONE-ACK message. In a future uplink if LDS12-LB gets a ACK, LDS12-LB will consider there is a network connection and resend all NONE-ACK messages.

589

)))

590

591

Below is the typical case for the auto-update datalog feature (Set PNACKMD=1)

592

593

[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LHT65N%20LoRaWAN%20Temperature%20%26%20Humidity%20Sensor%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220703111700-2.png?width=1119&height=381&rev=1.1||alt="图片-20220703111700-2.png" height="381" width="1119"]]

594

595

596

=== 2.5.2 Unix TimeStamp ===

597

598

599

LDS12-LB uses Unix TimeStamp format based on

600

601

[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LHT65N%20LoRaWAN%20Temperature%20%26%20Humidity%20Sensor%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220523001219-11.png?width=627&height=97&rev=1.1||alt="图片-20220523001219-11.png" height="97" width="627"]]

602

603

User can get this time from link: [[https:~~/~~/www.epochconverter.com/>>url:https://www.epochconverter.com/]] :

604

605

Below is the converter example

606

607

[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LHT65N%20LoRaWAN%20Temperature%20%26%20Humidity%20Sensor%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220523001219-12.png?width=720&height=298&rev=1.1||alt="图片-20220523001219-12.png" height="298" width="720"]]

608

609

610

So, we can use AT+TIMESTAMP=1611889405 or downlink 3060137afd00 to set the current time 2021 – Jan ~-~- 29 Friday 03:03:25

611

612

613

=== 2.5.3 Set Device Time ===

614

615

616

User need to set (% style="color:blue" %)**SYNCMOD=1**(%%) to enable sync time via MAC command.

617

618

Once LDS12-LB Joined LoRaWAN network, it will send the MAC command (DeviceTimeReq) and the server will reply with (DeviceTimeAns) to send the current time to LDS12-LB. If LDS12-LB fails to get the time from the server, LDS12-LB will use the internal time and wait for next time request (AT+SYNCTDC to set the time request period, default is 10 days).

619

620

(% style="color:red" %)**Note: LoRaWAN Server need to support LoRaWAN v1.0.3(MAC v1.0.3) or higher to support this MAC command feature, Chirpstack,TTN V3 v3 and loriot support but TTN V3 v2 doesn't support. If server doesn't support this command, it will through away uplink packet with this command, so user will lose the packet with time request for TTN V3 v2 if SYNCMOD=1.**

621

622

623

=== 2.5.4 Poll sensor value ===

624

625

626

Users can poll sensor values based on timestamps. Below is the downlink command.

627

628

(% border="1" cellspacing="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:425.818px" %)

629

|(% colspan="4" style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:423px" %)**Downlink Command to poll Open/Close status (0x31)**

630

|(% style="width:58px" %)**1byte**|(% style="width:127px" %)**4bytes**|(% style="width:124px" %)**4bytes**|(% style="width:114px" %)**1byte**

631

|(% style="width:58px" %)31|(% style="width:127px" %)Timestamp start|(% style="width:124px" %)Timestamp end|(% style="width:114px" %)Uplink Interval

632

633

(((

634

Timestamp start and Timestamp end-use Unix TimeStamp format as mentioned above. Devices will reply with all data logs during this period, using the uplink interval.

)))

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For example, downlink command [[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/CPL01%20LoRaWAN%20Outdoor%20PulseContact%20%20Sensor%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220518162852-1.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220518162852-1.png"]]

)))

(((

Is to check 2021/11/12 12:00:00 to 2021/11/12 15:00:00's data

)))

(((

Uplink Internal =5s，means LDS12-LB will send one packet every 5s. range 5~~255s.

)))

== 2.6 Frequency Plans ==

651

652

653

The LDS12-LB uses OTAA mode and below frequency plans by default. If user want to use it with different frequency plan, please refer the AT command sets.

654

655

[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20Frequency%20Band/>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20Frequency%20Band/]]

656

657

658

== 2.7 LiDAR ToF Measurement ==

659

660

=== 2.7.1 Principle of Distance Measurement ===

661

662

663

The LiDAR probe is based on TOF, namely, Time of Flight principle. To be specific, the product emits modulation wave of near infrared ray on a periodic basis, which will be reflected after contacting object. The product obtains the time of flight by measuring round-trip phase difference and then calculates relative range between the product and the detection object, as shown below.

664

665

[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LLDS12-LoRaWAN%20LiDAR%20ToF%20Distance%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1654831757579-263.png?rev=1.1||alt="1654831757579-263.png"]]

666

667

668

=== 2.7.2 Distance Measurement Characteristics ===

669

670

671

With optimization of light path and algorithm, The LiDAR probe has minimized influence from external environment on distance measurement performance. Despite that, the range of distance measurement may still be affected by the environment illumination intensity and the reflectivity of detection object. As shown in below:

672

673

[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LLDS12-LoRaWAN%20LiDAR%20ToF%20Distance%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1654831774373-275.png?rev=1.1||alt="1654831774373-275.png"]]

(((

(% style="color:blue" %)**① **(%%)Represents the detection blind zone of The LiDAR probe, 0-10cm, within which the output data is unreliable.

)))

(((

(% style="color:blue" %)**② **(%%)Represents the operating range of The LiDAR probe detecting black target with 10% reflectivity, 0.1-5m.

)))

(((

(% style="color:blue" %)**③ **(%%)Represents the operating range of The LiDAR probe detecting white target with 90% reflectivity, 0.1-12m.

)))

(((

Vertical Coordinates: Represents the radius of light spot for The LiDAR probe at different distances. The diameter of light spot depends on the FOV of The LiDAR probe (the term of FOV generally refers to the smaller value between the receiving angle and the transmitting angle), which is calculated as follows:

691

)))

692

693

[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LLDS12-LoRaWAN%20LiDAR%20ToF%20Distance%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1654831797521-720.png?rev=1.1||alt="1654831797521-720.png"]]

694

695

(((

696

In the formula above, d is the diameter of light spot; D is detecting range; β is the value of the receiving angle of The LiDAR probe, 3.6°. Correspondence between the diameter of light spot and detecting range is given in Table below.

697

)))

698

699

[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LLDS12-LoRaWAN%20LiDAR%20ToF%20Distance%20Sensor%20User%20Manual/WebHome/1654831810009-716.png?rev=1.1||alt="1654831810009-716.png"]]

700

701

(((

702

If the light spot reaches two objects with different distances, as shown in Figure 3, the output distance value will be a value between the actual distance values of the two objects. For a high accuracy requirement in practice, the above situation should be noticed to avoid the measurement error.

)))

=== 2.7.3 Notice of usage ===

707

708

709

Possible invalid /wrong reading for LiDAR ToF tech:

710

711

* Measure high reflectivity object such as: Mirror, Smooth ceramic tile, static milk surface, will have possible wrong readings.

712

* While there is transparent object such as glass, water drop between the measured object and the LiDAR sensor, the reading might be wrong.

713

* The LiDAR probe is cover by dirty things; the reading might be wrong. In this case, need to clean the probe.

714

* The sensor window is made by Acrylic. Don't touch it with alcohol material. This will destroy the sensor window.

715

716

=== 2.7.4 Reflectivity of different objects ===

717

718

719

(% border="1" cellspacing="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:379px" %)

720

|=(% style="width: 54px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)Item|=(% style="width: 231px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)Material|=(% style="width: 94px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)Relectivity

721

|(% style="width:53px" %)1|(% style="width:229px" %)Black foam rubber|(% style="width:93px" %)2.4%

722

|(% style="width:53px" %)2|(% style="width:229px" %)Black fabric|(% style="width:93px" %)3%

723

|(% style="width:53px" %)3|(% style="width:229px" %)Black rubber|(% style="width:93px" %)4%

724

|(% style="width:53px" %)4|(% style="width:229px" %)Coal (different types of coal)|(% style="width:93px" %)4~~8%

725

|(% style="width:53px" %)5|(% style="width:229px" %)Black car paint|(% style="width:93px" %)5%

726

|(% style="width:53px" %)6|(% style="width:229px" %)Black Jam|(% style="width:93px" %)10%

727

|(% style="width:53px" %)7|(% style="width:229px" %)Opaque black plastic|(% style="width:93px" %)14%

728

|(% style="width:53px" %)8|(% style="width:229px" %)Clean rough board|(% style="width:93px" %)20%

729

|(% style="width:53px" %)9|(% style="width:229px" %)Translucent plastic bottle|(% style="width:93px" %)62%

730

|(% style="width:53px" %)10|(% style="width:229px" %)Carton cardboard|(% style="width:93px" %)68%

731

|(% style="width:53px" %)11|(% style="width:229px" %)Clean pine|(% style="width:93px" %)70%

732

|(% style="width:53px" %)12|(% style="width:229px" %)Opaque white plastic|(% style="width:93px" %)87%

733

|(% style="width:53px" %)13|(% style="width:229px" %)White Jam|(% style="width:93px" %)90%

734

|(% style="width:53px" %)14|(% style="width:229px" %)Kodak Standard Whiteboard|(% style="width:93px" %)100%

735

|(% style="width:53px" %)15|(% style="width:229px" %)(((

736

Unpolished white metal surface

737

)))|(% style="width:93px" %)130%

738

|(% style="width:53px" %)16|(% style="width:229px" %)Glossy light metal surface|(% style="width:93px" %)150%

739

|(% style="width:53px" %)17|(% style="width:229px" %)stainless steel|(% style="width:93px" %)200%

740

|(% style="width:53px" %)18|(% style="width:229px" %)Reflector plate, reflective tape|(% style="width:93px" %)>300%

741

742

= 3. Configure LDS12-LB =

743

744

== 3.1 Configure Methods ==

745

746

747

LDS12-LB supports below configure method:

748

749

* AT Command via Bluetooth Connection (**Recommended**): [[BLE Configure Instruction>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/BLE%20Bluetooth%20Remote%20Configure/]].

750

751

* AT Command via UART Connection : See [[UART Connection>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/UART%20Access%20for%20LoRa%20ST%20v4%20base%20model/#H2.3UARTConnectionforSN50v3basemotherboard]].

752

753

* LoRaWAN Downlink. Instruction for different platforms: See [[IoT LoRaWAN Server>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/]] section.

754

755

== 3.2 General Commands ==

756

757

758

These commands are to configure:

759

760

* General system settings like: uplink interval.

761

762

* LoRaWAN protocol & radio related command.

763

764

They are same for all Dragino Devices which support DLWS-005 LoRaWAN Stack. These commands can be found on the wiki:

765

766

[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/]]

767

768

769

== 3.3 Commands special design for LDS12-LB ==

770

771

772

These commands only valid for LDS12-LB, as below:

773

774

775

=== 3.3.1 Set Transmit Interval Time ===

(((

Feature: Change LoRaWAN End Node Transmit Interval.

)))

(((

(% style="color:blue" %)**AT Command: AT+TDC**

784

)))

785

786

(% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:510px" %)

787

|=(% style="width: 156px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)**Command Example**|=(% style="width: 137px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)**Function**|=(% style="background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)**Response**

788

|(% style="width:156px" %)AT+TDC=?|(% style="width:137px" %)Show current transmit Interval|(((

789

30000

790

OK

791

the interval is 30000ms = 30s

792

)))

793

|(% style="width:156px" %)AT+TDC=60000|(% style="width:137px" %)Set Transmit Interval|(((

794

OK

795

Set transmit interval to 60000ms = 60 seconds

)))

(((

(% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink Command: 0x01**

)))

(((

Format: Command Code (0x01) followed by 3 bytes time value.

)))

(((

If the downlink payload=0100003C, it means set the END Node's Transmit Interval to 0x00003C=60(S), while type code is 01.

)))

* (((

Example 1: Downlink Payload: 0100001E ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 30 seconds

812

)))

813

* (((

814

Example 2: Downlink Payload: 0100003C ~/~/ Set Transmit Interval (TDC) = 60 seconds

)))

=== 3.3.2 Set Interrupt Mode ===

821

822

823

Feature, Set Interrupt mode for PA8 of pin.

824

825

When AT+INTMOD=0 is set, PA8 is used as a digital input port.

826

827

(% style="color:blue" %)**AT Command: AT+INTMOD**

828

829

(% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:510px" %)

830

|=(% style="width: 155px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)**Command Example**|=(% style="width: 197px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)**Function**|=(% style="width: 158px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)**Response**

831

|(% style="width:154px" %)AT+INTMOD=?|(% style="width:196px" %)Show current interrupt mode|(% style="width:157px" %)(((

832

0

833

OK

834

the mode is 0 =Disable Interrupt

835

)))

836

|(% style="width:154px" %)AT+INTMOD=2|(% style="width:196px" %)(((

837

Set Transmit Interval

838

0. (Disable Interrupt),

839

~1. (Trigger by rising and falling edge)

840

2. (Trigger by falling edge)

841

3. (Trigger by rising edge)

842

)))|(% style="width:157px" %)OK

843

844

(% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink Command: 0x06**

845

846

Format: Command Code (0x06) followed by 3 bytes.

847

848

This means that the interrupt mode of the end node is set to 0x000003=3 (rising edge trigger), and the type code is 06.

849

850

* Example 1: Downlink Payload: 06000000 ~/~/ Turn off interrupt mode

851

852

* Example 2: Downlink Payload: 06000003 ~/~/ Set the interrupt mode to rising edge trigger

853

854

=== 3.3.3 Set Power Output Duration ===

855

856

Control the output duration 3V3(pin of VBAT_OUT) . Before each sampling, device will

857

858

~1. first enable the power output to external sensor,

859

860

2. keep it on as per duration, read sensor value and construct uplink payload

861

862

3. final, close the power output.

863

864

(% style="color:blue" %)**AT Command: AT+3V3T**

865

866

(% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:510px" %)

867

|=(% style="width: 155px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)**Command Example**|=(% style="width: 197px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)**Function**|=(% style="width: 158px;background-color:#4F81BD;color:white" %)**Response**

868

|(% style="width:154px" %)AT+3V3T=?|(% style="width:196px" %)Show 3V3 open time.|(% style="width:157px" %)0 (default)

869

OK

870

|(% style="width:154px" %)AT+3V3T=1000|(% style="width:196px" %)Close after a delay of 1000 milliseconds.|(% style="width:157px" %)OK

871

|(% style="width:154px" %)AT+3V3T=0|(% style="width:196px" %)Always turn on the power supply of 3V3 pin.|(% style="width:157px" %)OK

872

|(% style="width:154px" %)AT+3V3T=65535|(% style="width:196px" %)Always turn off the power supply of 3V3 pin.|(% style="width:157px" %)OK

873

874

(% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink Command: 0x07**(%%)

875

Format: Command Code (0x07) followed by 3 bytes.

876

877

The first byte is 01,the second and third bytes are the time to turn on.

878

879

* Example 1: Downlink Payload: 07 01 00 00 **~-~-->** AT+3V3T=0

880

* Example 2: Downlink Payload: 07 01 01 F4 **~-~-->** AT+3V3T=500

881

* Example 3: Downlink Payload: 07 01 FF FF **~-~-->** AT+3V3T=65535

882

883

= 4. Battery & Power Consumption =

884

885

886

LDS12-LB use ER26500 + SPC1520 battery pack. See below link for detail information about the battery info and how to replace.

887

888

[[**Battery Info & Power Consumption Analyze**>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/How%20to%20calculate%20the%20battery%20life%20of%20Dragino%20sensors%3F/]] .

889

890

891

= 5. OTA Firmware update =

892

893

894

(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)

895

User can change firmware LDS12-LB to:

896

897

* Change Frequency band/ region.

898

899

* Update with new features.

* Fix bugs.

Firmware and changelog can be downloaded from : **[[Firmware download link>>url:https://www.dropbox.com/sh/w1p7ukjrx49e62r/AAB3uCNCt-koYUvMkZUPBRSca?dl=0]]**

904

905

Methods to Update Firmware:

906

907

* (Recommanded way) OTA firmware update via wireless: **[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Firmware%20OTA%20Update%20for%20Sensors/>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Firmware%20OTA%20Update%20for%20Sensors/]]**

908

909

* Update through UART TTL interface: **[[Instruction>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/UART%20Access%20for%20LoRa%20ST%20v4%20base%20model/#H1.LoRaSTv4baseHardware]]**.

= 6. FAQ =

== 6.1 What is the frequency plan for LDS12-LB? ==

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LDS12-LB use the same frequency as other Dragino products. User can see the detail from this link: [[Introduction>>doc:Main.End Device Frequency Band.WebHome||anchor="H1.Introduction"]]

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= 7. Trouble Shooting =

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== 7.1 AT Command input doesn't work ==

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In the case if user can see the console output but can't type input to the device. Please check if you already include the (% style="color:blue" %)**ENTER**(%%) while sending out the command. Some serial tool doesn't send (% style="color:blue" %)**ENTER**(%%) while press the send key, user need to add ENTER in their string.

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== 7.2 Significant error between the output distant value of LiDAR and actual distance ==

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Cause ①**(%%)**：**Due to the physical principles of The LiDAR probe, the above phenomenon is likely to occur if the detection object is the material with high reflectivity (such as mirror, smooth floor tile, etc.) or transparent substance. (such as glass and water, etc.)

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(% style="color:red" %)**Troubleshooting**(%%): Please avoid use of this product under such circumstance in practice.

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(% style="color:blue" %)**Cause ②**(%%)**: **The IR-pass filters are blocked.

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(% style="color:red" %)**Troubleshooting**(%%): please use dry dust-free cloth to gently remove the foreign matter.

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= 8. Order Info =

Part Number: (% style="color:blue" %)**LDS12-LB-XXX**

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(% style="color:red" %)**XXX**(%%): **The default frequency band**

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* (% style="color:red" %)**AS923**(%%): LoRaWAN AS923 band

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* (% style="color:red" %)**AU915**(%%): LoRaWAN AU915 band

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* (% style="color:red" %)**EU433**(%%): LoRaWAN EU433 band

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* (% style="color:red" %)**EU868**(%%): LoRaWAN EU868 band

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* (% style="color:red" %)**KR920**(%%): LoRaWAN KR920 band

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* (% style="color:red" %)**US915**(%%): LoRaWAN US915 band

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* (% style="color:red" %)**IN865**(%%): LoRaWAN IN865 band

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* (% style="color:red" %)**CN470**(%%): LoRaWAN CN470 band

= 9. Packing Info =

(% style="color:#037691" %)**Package Includes**:

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* LDS12-LB LoRaWAN LiDAR ToF Distance Sensor x 1

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(% style="color:#037691" %)**Dimension and weight**:

* Device Size: cm

* Device Weight: g

* Package Size / pcs : cm

* Weight / pcs : g

= 10. Support =

* Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8. Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before-mentioned schedule.

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* Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to [[Support@dragino.cc>>mailto:Support@dragino.cc]].

Wiki source code of LDS12-LB -- LoRaWAN LiDAR ToF Distance Sensor User Manual

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