Skip to Content
Last modified by Kilight Cao on 2024/06/22 10:43
From version 155.1
edited by Xiaoye
on 2024/06/22 10:04
Change comment: There is no comment for this version
To version 87.1
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/05/06 15:56
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

Summary

Details

Page properties
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
1 -PG1302 -- LoRaWAN Concentrator User Manual
1 +PG1302
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
1 -XWiki.Xiaoye
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Content
... ... @@ -1,803 +14,532 @@
1 -(% style="text-align:center" %)
2 -[[image:image-20220616085956-1.jpeg||height="609" width="609"]]
3 -
4 -
5 -
6 -
7 -**Table of Contents:**
8 -
9 -{{toc/}}
10 -
11 -
12 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="H" %)
13 -(((
14 14  
15 -)))
16 16  
17 -= 1. Introduction =
3 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
4 +[[image:Main.User Manual for All Gateway models.WebHome@pg1302.jpg]]
18 18  
19 -== 1.1 What is PG1302 LoRaWAN Concentrator? ==
20 20  
21 21  
22 -(((
23 -The PG1302 is a (% style="color:blue" %)**multi-channel high-performance transmitter/receiver**(%%) designed to simultaneously receive several LoRa packets using random spreading factors on random channels. Its goal is to enable robust connection between a central wireless data concentrator and a massive amount of wireless end-points spread over a very wide range of distances.
24 -)))
25 25  
26 -(((
27 -The PG1302 is designed to use with Raspberry Pi to build smart metering fixed networks and Internet of Things applications with up to 5000 nodes per km2 in a moderately interfered environment.
28 -)))
29 29  
30 -(((
31 -PG1302 is fully compatible with (% style="color:blue" %)**RPi3/4 or Tinker Board**(%%), users can use the pre-build OS from Dragino to set up and easy to use the module by Web UI. Or install the raw LoRaWAN driver in the existing OS.
32 -)))
33 33  
34 34  
35 -== 1.2 Features ==
12 +**PG1302 LoRaWAN Concentrator User Manual**
36 36  
37 37  
38 -* Base on Semtech SX1302 solution
39 -* Support Raspberry Pi 3B/3B+/4/4B/5/5B, TinkerBoard2/2S, Orange Pi Pc/PC PLUS.
40 -* Up to -140dBm sensitivity
41 -* Support 3.3v and 5v.
42 -* Mini-PCIe Interface
43 -* Converter board to support Raspberry Pi
44 44  
45 -== 1.3 General Interfaces for PG1302 ==
46 46  
47 47  
48 -* SPI interface for LoRa
49 -* Power Input: 5v, 1A
50 -* 1 x I-PEX for LoRa
51 -* Working Temperature: -40 ℃ ~~ 80℃
18 +{{toc/}}
52 52  
53 -== 1.4 Pin Mapping ==
54 54  
21 +----
55 55  
56 -
57 -[[image:image-20240506170941-3.png]]
58 -
59 -== 1.5 LEDs ==
60 -
61 -
23 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="H" %)
62 62  (((
63 -TX: Blink when transmit a packet
64 -RX: Blink when receiving a packet
65 -Config: Always ON
66 -)))
67 -
68 -
69 -== 1.6 Power Consumption ==
70 -
71 -
72 -<300mA @ 3.3v.
73 -
74 -Detail Test Report see [[this link>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/89virm4y0b02c7i/AAA-cgQEsSc8gNGFYAB0qZ_Za?dl=0]]
75 -
76 -
77 -== 1.7 Antenna Installation ==
78 -
79 -
80 -Left:  **GPS antenna**
81 -
82 -Right:  **LoRa Antenna**
83 -
84 -[[image:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/forum/uploads/default/original/3X/6/2/624619afa8d75a2c21bfd1e3687afaa75ad61cbc.jpeg||alt="PG1302_70"]]
85 -
86 -
87 -
88 -
89 -
90 -== 1.8 Applications ==
91 -
92 -
93 -* Smart Buildings & Home Automation
94 -* Logistics and Supply Chain Management
95 -* Smart Metering
96 -* Smart Agriculture
97 -* Smart Cities
98 -* Smart Factory
99 -
100 -= 2. Example: Set up as LoRaWAN gateway =
101 -
102 -== 2.1 System structure ==
103 -
104 -
105 -(((
106 -This example is an example to show how to set up the PG1302 + RPi as a LoRaWAN gateway to use with [[TheThingsNetwork>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]](TTN) LoRaWAN server. Set up method for other server are similar.
107 -
108 108  
109 109  )))
110 110  
111 -[[image:1651743698677-436.png||height="457" width="686"]]
28 +=== 1. Introduction ===
112 112  
30 +==== 1.1 What is PG1302 LoRaWAN Concentrator? ====
113 113  
114 -== 2.2 Hardware Installation ==
115 -
116 -
117 -(% style="color:red" %)**Important Notice: Please power the RPI with 5V,3A cable.**
118 -
119 -[[image:image-20220621104746-1.png||height="351" width="415"]]
120 -
121 -
122 -= 3. Install the software. =
123 -
124 -
125 -**Raspberry Pi 3B/3B+/4B/5B**
126 -
127 -* Flash SD card with Dragino pre-build image which supports Web UI.
128 -* Install [[Dragino-FWD>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/PG1302/#H5.2.2.A0Selecttheappropriatedeviceversiontodownload:]] in existing RPi OS.
129 -
130 -**TinkerBoard2/2S, **
131 -
132 -* Install [[Dragino-FWD>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/PG1302/#H5.2.2.A0Selecttheappropriatedeviceversiontodownload:]] in the existing OS.
133 -
134 -**Orange Pi PC/PC PLUS.**
135 -
136 -* Install [[Dragino-FWD>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/PG1302/#H5.2.2.A0Selecttheappropriatedeviceversiontodownload:]] in the existing OS.
137 -
138 -= 4. Flash with pre-build image =
139 -
140 -== 4.1 Download the dragino image for RPI ==
141 -
142 -
143 143  (((
144 -Download PG1302_for_Rpi4_64_with_webui from: [[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/sh/f6nbldh1qbspya5/AACgL6pDkwdBQO1BQqq_Nubwa?dl=0>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/f6nbldh1qbspya5/AACgL6pDkwdBQO1BQqq_Nubwa?dl=0]]
145 -)))
146 -
147 -
148 -== 4.2 Flash the image to an SD card ==
149 -
150 -
151 -Flash the image to the SD card:
152 -
153 -[[image:1651744119133-233.png||height="373" width="621"]]
154 -
155 -
156 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note: Download the flash tool following this link：**[[https:~~/~~/www.balena.io/etcher/>>https://www.balena.io/etcher/]]
157 -
158 -
159 -== 4.3 Access the Linux console ==
160 -
161 -
162 162  (((
163 -Connect the RPI Ethernet port to your router, RPi will obtain an IP address from your router. In the router's management portal, you should be able to find what IP address the router has assigned to the RPI. You can use this IP to connect the WEB UI or SSH access of RPI. Make sure your PC and the RPI is in the same network, then use a SSH tool (such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]]) to access it. Below are screenshots
34 + The PG1302 is a multi-channel high performance transmitter/receiver designed to simultaneously receive several LoRa packets using random spreading factors on
164 164  )))
165 165  
166 -
167 -[[image:1651744193675-591.png||height="450" width="466"]]
168 -
169 -The account details for Web Login are:
170 -
171 171  (((
172 -**~ (% style="color:#0000ff" %)User Name: root(%%)**
38 + random channels. Its goal is to enable robust connection between a central wireless data concentrator and a massive amount of wireless end-points spread over a
173 173  )))
174 174  
175 175  (((
176 -**~ (% style="color:#0000ff" %)Password:   dragino(%%)**
42 + very wide range of distances.
177 177  )))
178 178  
179 179  (((
180 180  
181 181  )))
48 +)))
182 182  
183 183  (((
184 -**~ (% style="color:#0000ff" %)Backup account(%%)**
51 +(((
52 + The PG1302 is design to use with Raspberry Pi to build smart metering fixed networks and Internet of Things applications with up to 5000 nodes per km2 in moderately
185 185  )))
186 186  
187 187  (((
188 -**~ (% style="color:#0000ff" %)Pi/dragino(%%)**
56 + interfered environment.
57 +)))
189 189  
59 +(((
190 190  
191 191  )))
62 +)))
192 192  
193 -After logging in, you will be in the Linux console and type the command here.
194 -
195 -[[image:1651744358515-107.png||height="366" width="581"]]
196 -
197 -
198 -== 4.4 Access the WebUI of RPi4 ==
199 -
200 -=== 4.4.1 Home page ===
201 -
202 -
203 203  (((
204 -Open a browser on the PC and type the RPI ip address **http:~/~/IP_ADDRESS ** (If the IP is assigned by the uplink router)
205 -You will see the login interface of RPI as shown below.
206 -The account details for Web Login are:
65 +(((
66 + PG1302 is fully compatible with RPi3/4, users can use the pre-build OS from Dragino to set up and easy to use the module by Web UI. Or install the raw lorawan driver
207 207  )))
208 208  
209 209  (((
210 -**~ (% style="color:#0000ff" %)User Name: root(%%)**
211 -(% style="color:#0000ff" %)** Password:   dragino**
70 + in the exist OS.
71 +)))
72 +)))
212 212  
74 +(((
75 +(((
213 213  
214 214  )))
78 +)))
215 215  
216 -[[image:1651744457761-993.png||height="352" width="621"]]
80 +==== 1.2 Features ====
217 217  
82 +* Base on Semtech SX1302 solution
83 +* Support Raspberry Pi 3B/3B+/4
84 +* Up to -140dBm sensitivity
85 +* Support 3.3v and 5v.
86 +* Mini-PCIe Interface
87 +* Converter board to support Raspberry Pi
218 218  
219 -=== 4.4.2 LoRa Page ===
89 +==== 1.3 General Interfaces ====
220 220  
91 +* SPI interface for LoRa
92 +* Power Input: 5v, 1A
93 +* 1 x I-PEX for LoRa
221 221  
222 -This page shows the LoRa Radio Settings. There are a set of default frequency band according to LoRaWAN protocol, and user can customize the band* as well.
95 +==== 1.4 Pin Mapping ====
223 223  
97 + [[image:1651743282627-547.png||height="402" width="425"]]
224 224  
225 -[[image:1651744554845-970.png||height="328" width="621"]]
226 226  
227 227  
228 -Different PG1302 hardware version can support different frequency range:
101 +==== 1.5 LEDs ====
229 229  
230 -* (% style="color:red" %)**868: valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865 or KZ865.**
231 -* (% style="color:red" %)**915: valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920**
103 + TX: Blink when transmit a packet
232 232  
233 -After user choose the frequency plan, he can see the actually frequency in used by checking the (% style="color:#037691" %)**page LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log**
105 + RX: Blink when receive a packet
234 234  
235 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note *: [[See this instruction for how to customize frequency band>>doc:Main.How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band.WebHome]]**
107 + Config: Always ON
236 236  
237 237  
238 -=== 4.4.3 LoRaWAN Page ===
110 +==== 1.6 Power Consumption ====
239 239  
240 -==== 4.4.3.1 Semtech UDP ====
112 + TBD
241 241  
242 242  
243 -[[image:1651744767914-283.png||height="352" width="621"]]
115 +==== 1.7 Applications ====
244 244  
117 +* Smart Buildings & Home Automation
118 +* Logistics and Supply Chain Management
119 +* Smart Metering
120 +* Smart Agriculture
121 +* Smart Cities
122 +* Smart Factory
245 245  
246 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note *: [[See this instruction for how to configure TTN>>doc:Main.Notes for TTN.WebHome]].**
124 +=== 2. Example: Set up as LoRaWAN gateway. ===
247 247  
126 +==== 2.1 System structure ====
248 248  
249 -==== 4.4.3.2 Basic Station ====
128 + This example is an example to show how to set up the PG1302 + RPi as a LoRaWAN gateway to use with [[TheThingsNetwork>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]](TTN) LoRaWAN server.
250 250  
130 + Set up method for other server are similar.
251 251  
252 -[[image:1651744890629-683.png||height="380" width="621"]]
132 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
133 +[[image:1651743698677-436.png||height="457" width="686"]]
253 253  
254 254  
255 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note *: [[See this instruction for how to configure AWS-loT-Core>>doc:Main.AWS IoT Core for LoRaWAN.WebHome]].**
256 256  
137 +==== 2.2 Hardware Installation ====
257 257  
258 -=== 4.4.4 LogRead ===
139 +**~ Important Notice: **Please power the RPI with 5V,3A cable.
259 259  
260 -==== 4.4.4.1 LoRa Log ====
141 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
142 +[[image:1651743803032-803.png]]
261 261  
262 262  
263 -[[image:1651744955955-452.png||height="571" width="621"]]
264 264  
146 +=== 3. Install the software? ===
265 265  
266 -Show the frequency for LoRa Radio and traffics.
148 + There are two ways to install software in RPi4 to use PG1302.
267 267  
150 +* Flash SD card with Dragino pre-build image which support Web UI.
151 +* Install lora packet forwarder in existing RPi OS.
268 268  
269 -==== 4.4.4.2 System Log ====
153 +=== 4. Flash with pre-build image ===
270 270  
155 +==== 4.1 Download the dragino image for RPI ====
271 271  
272 -Show system log.
157 + Download PG1302_for_Rpi4_64_with_webui from
273 273  
274 -[[image:1651745003470-264.png||height="477" width="621"]]
159 + [[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/sh/f6nbldh1qbspya5/AACgL6pDkwdBQO1BQqq_Nubwa?dl=0>>https://www.dropbox.com/sh/f6nbldh1qbspya5/AACgL6pDkwdBQO1BQqq_Nubwa?dl=0]]
275 275  
276 276  
277 -==== 4.4.4.3 Record Log ====
162 +==== 4.2 Flash the image to SD card ====
278 278  
164 + Flash the image to SD card:
279 279  
280 -**Record the system log.**
166 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
167 +[[image:1651744119133-233.png||height="373" width="621"]]
281 281  
282 -[[image:1651745069814-662.png||height="144" width="621"]]
169 + Note: Download the flash tool following this link
283 283  
171 + [[https:~~/~~/www.balena.io/etcher/>>https://www.balena.io/etcher/]]
284 284  
285 -= 5. Install stand-alone LoRa Packet Forwarder =
286 286  
287 -== 5.1 Choose the right installation package for your OS ==
174 +==== 4.3 Access the Linux console ====
288 288  
289 -
290 290  (((
291 -**draginofwd-32bit (RPI, Orange PI)**
292 -
293 -**Download URL:** https:~/~/www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/PG1302/software/draginofwd-32bit.deb
294 -
295 -**Linux Command:** wget https:~/~/www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/PG1302/software/draginofwd-32bit.deb && dpkg -i draginofwd-32bit.deb
296 -
297 -
298 -**dragino-64bit (RPI, Orange PI)**
299 -
300 -**Download URL: **https:~/~/www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/PG1302/software/draginofwd-64bit.deb
301 -)))
302 -
303 -**Linux Command: **wget https:~/~/www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/PG1302/software/draginofwd-64bit.deb && dpkg -i draginofwd-64bit.deb
304 -
305 -
306 -**dragino-tiker-32bit (Tinker Board)**
307 -
308 -**Download URL: **https:~/~/www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/PG1302/software/draginofwd-tinker-32bit.deb
309 -
310 -**Linux Command: **wget https:~/~/www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/PG1302/software/draginofwd-tinker-32bit.deb && dpkg -i draginofwd-tinker-32bit.deb
311 -
312 -
313 -**Install details:**
314 -
315 -[[image:image-20220928181226-1.png||height="218" width="1100"]]
316 -
317 -
318 -RPI in this example is RPI model 4B with fresh Raspbian OS install.
319 -
320 -(% class="box" %)
321 321  (((
322 -**~ pi@raspberrypi:~~$ cat /etc/os-release
323 - PRETTY_NAME="Raspbian GNU/Linux 8 (jessie)"
324 - NAME="Raspbian GNU/Linux"
325 - VERSION_ID="8"
326 - VERSION="8 (jessie)"
327 - ID=raspbian
328 - ID_LIKE=debian
329 - HOME_URL="http:~/~/www.raspbian.org/"
330 - SUPPORT_URL="http:~/~/www.raspbian.org/RaspbianForums"
331 - BUG_REPORT_URL="http:~/~/www.raspbian.org/RaspbianBugs"**
332 -
333 -
178 + Connect the RPI Ethernet port to your router, RPi will obtain an IP address from your router. In the router’s management portal, you should be
334 334  )))
335 335  
336 -
337 -== 5.2 Select the mode of connection to the server ==
338 -
339 -
340 -The Dragino LoRa Packet Forware supports the Semtech UDP and Basic Station mode.
341 -
342 -The User can choose one of the methods as the connection mode.
343 -
344 -
345 -**~1. Semtech UDP Mode  ~-~-> 5.2.1**
346 -
347 -**2. Basic Station Mode  ~-~-> 5.2.2**
348 -
349 -
350 -=== 5.2.1 Semtech UDP Mode ===
351 -
352 -
353 -==== **a). Get a gateway EUI from the device ETH MAC.** ====
354 -
355 -
356 -In RPI, run the below command to get a Gateway ID
357 -
358 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
359 359  (((
360 -**~ ifconfig eth0**
182 + able to find what IP address the router has assigned to the RPI. You can use this IP to connect the WEB UI or SSH access of RPI.
361 361  )))
362 362  
363 -[[image:1651745210205-512.png||height="130" width="621"]]
364 -
365 -
366 366  (((
367 -(((
368 -We got the ether (eth0 MAC) address is b8:27:eb:49:62:bc). Add ffff at the end and remove “:” to get the gateway ID: b827ebxxxxbcffff.  Input this to TTN v3. Make sure to select legacy packet forwarder.
369 -
370 -
371 -
372 -==== **b). Input this Gateway EUI to the TTN-Stack** ====
373 -
374 -
186 + Make sure your PC and the RPI is in the same network, then use a SSH tool (such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]]) to access it. Below are screenshots
375 375  )))
376 376  )))
377 377  
378 -[[image:1651745267862-321.png||height="526" width="621"]]
379 379  
380 -[[image:1651745306744-481.png||height="478" width="621"]]
191 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
192 +[[image:1651744193675-591.png||height="450" width="466"]]
381 381  
382 382  
195 + The account details for Web Login are:
383 383  
384 -==== **c). After Register, the status should show not connected as below:** ====
197 +**~ User Name: root**
385 385  
199 +**~ Password:   dragino**
386 386  
387 -[[image:1651745366987-458.png||height="363" width="621"]]
388 388  
202 +**~ Backup account**
389 389  
204 +**~ Pi/dragino**
390 390  
391 -==== **d). Enable SPI and I2C on your device** ====
392 392  
207 + After log in, you will be in the Linux console and type command here.
393 393  
394 -**the below example is using Raspberry 4B.**
209 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
210 +[[image:1651744358515-107.png||height="366" width="581"]]
395 395  
396 396  
397 -Run (% style="background-color:yellow" %) **sudo raspi-config**(%%) to open the config window
213 +==== 4.4 Access the WebUI of RPi4. ====
398 398  
399 -[[image:1651745476754-240.png||height="234" width="629"]]
215 +===== 4.4.1 Home page =====
400 400  
217 + Open a browser on the PC and type the RPI ip address
401 401  
402 -[[image:image-20220505181135-1.png]]
219 + [[http:~~/~~/IP_ADDRESS** **>>url:http://192.168.1.xx/]] (If the IP is assigned by uplink router)
403 403  
221 + You will see the login interface of RPI as shown below.
404 404  
405 -[[image:image-20220505181135-2.png||height="229" width="622"]]
223 + The account details for Web Login are:
406 406  
225 +**~ User Name: root**
407 407  
227 +**~ Password:   dragino**
408 408  
409 -==== **e). Access the root account:** ====
229 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
230 +[[image:1651744457761-993.png||height="352" width="621"]]
410 410  
411 -(((
412 -[[image:1651745583363-614.png||height="151" width="732"]]
413 413  
233 +===== 4.4.2 LoRa Page =====
414 414  
415 -
416 -)))
235 + This page shows the LoRa Radio Settings. There are a set of default frequency band according to LoRaWAN protocol, and user can customize the band* as well.
417 417  
418 -==== **f). Modify the configuration of FWD** ====
237 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
238 +[[image:1651744554845-970.png||height="328" width="621"]]
419 419  
420 420  
421 -(((
422 -After installation, user can find the configuration file in** (% style="color:#0000ff" %)/etc/lora/ (%%)**Replace the gateway ID we got above to the (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**gateway_ID** (%%)in file (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**local_conf.json.**
423 -)))
241 + Different PG1302 hardware version can support different frequency range:
424 424  
425 -(((
426 -The default LoRaWAN server points to localhost, user need to put the correct server address to the server_address field in file (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**local_conf.json**(%%), like below.
243 + ➢ 868: valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865 or KZ865.
427 427  
245 + ➢ 915: valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920
428 428  
429 -the User can find the lora configuration directory in (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**/etc/lora/**(%%) there are the cfg-302 directory and the global_conf.json, and local_conf.json files.
430 430  
431 -/etc/lora/
432 -├── cfg-302  ~-~--> global configuration file
433 -├── devskey  ~-~--> Database
434 -├── global_conf.json  ~-~--> Frequency plan for current applications
435 -└── local_conf.json  ~-~--> Local fwd configuration
248 + After user choose the frequency plan, he can see the actually frequency in used by checking the
436 436  
437 -At default, the users need to change two configurations file: global_conf.json and local_conf.json.
250 + page LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log
438 438  
252 + Note *: See this instruction for how to customize frequency band
439 439  
440 -===== **1.) Configure gateway EUI and server address, port for fwd** =====
254 + [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Customized_Frequency_Band_for_Gateway>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Customized_Frequency_Band_for_Gateway]]
441 441  
442 -
443 -)))
444 444  
445 -[[image:1651745709709-887.png||height="820" width="621"]]
257 +===== 4.4.3 LoRaWAN Page =====
446 446  
259 +====== 4.4.3.1 Semtech UDP ======
447 447  
448 -**Note: Users can find the TTN v3 server address from [[Server Addresses ~| The Things Stack for LoRaWAN (thethingsindustries.com)>>url:https://www.thethingsindustries.com/docs/getting-started/server-addresses/#deployments]]**
449 449  
262 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
263 +[[image:1651744767914-283.png||height="352" width="621"]]
450 450  
451 -===== **2). Override the global_conf.json file by selecting the appropriate frequency plan for your region in cfg-302** =====
265 + Note *: See this instruction for how to configure TTN.
452 452  
267 + [[https:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Notes_for_TTN>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Notes_for_TTN||style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"]]
453 453  
454 -the default frequency band is US915 in the (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**global_conf.json**(%%) file.
455 455  
456 -[[image:1651745838008-820.png||height="650" width="621"]]
270 +====== 4.4.3.2 Basic Station ======
457 457  
272 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
273 +[[image:1651744890629-683.png||height="380" width="621"]]
458 458  
459 -If the user wants to change to other frequency bands, the User can copy the file from(% style="color:#0000ff" %)** /etc/lora/cfg-302**(%%) ** **and put it into** (% style="color:#0000ff" %)/etc/lora/global_conf.json(%%).**
275 + Note *: See this instruction for how to configure TTN.
460 460  
461 -**//eg: cp /etc/lora/cfg-302/EU-global_conf.json /etc/lora/global_conf.json //**
277 + [[https:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Notes_for_AWS-IoT-Core>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Notes_for_AWS-IoT-Core]]
462 462  
463 463  
280 +===== 4.4.4 LogRead =====
464 464  
465 -====== **Selecting the appropriate frequency plan for your region in cfg-302.** ======
282 +====== 4.4.4.1 LoRa Log ======
466 466  
467 -[[image:1651745867516-322.png||height="83" width="740"]]
284 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
285 +[[image:1651744955955-452.png||height="571" width="621"]]
468 468  
287 + Show the frequency for LoRa Radio and traffics.
469 469  
470 -====== **Override the global_conf.json** ======
471 471  
472 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
473 -(((
474 -**cp /etc/lora/cfg-302/EU-global_conf.json /etc/lora/global_conf.json**
475 -)))
290 +====== 4.4.4.2 System Log ======
476 476  
477 -[[image:1651745984006-868.png||height="87" width="745"]]
292 + Show system log.
478 478  
294 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
295 +[[image:1651745003470-264.png||height="477" width="621"]]
479 479  
480 -==== (% style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:23px" %)**g). Running the Fwd Server**(%%) ====
481 481  
482 482  
483 -(((
484 -Run the below command to restart the dragino_fwd:
485 -)))
299 +====== 4.4.4.3 Record Log ======
486 486  
487 -(((
488 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
489 -(((
490 -**sudo systemctl start draginofwd**
491 -)))
492 -)))
301 +**~ Record the system log.**
493 493  
494 -(((
495 -debug check the ruing status of fwd:
496 -)))
303 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
304 +[[image:1651745069814-662.png||height="144" width="621"]]
497 497  
498 -(((
499 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
500 -(((
501 -**sudo systemctl status draginofwd**
502 -)))
503 -)))
504 504  
505 -[[image:1651746045057-414.png||height="193" width="729"]]
307 +=== 5. Install stand alone LoRa Packet Forwarder. ===
506 506  
309 +==== 5.1 OS requirement ====
507 507  
508 -Wait for a few minutes, the gateway will be online/active on the TTN-Stack.
311 + RPI in this example is RPI model 4B with fresh Raspbian OS install.
509 509  
510 -[[image:1651746078253-168.png||height="372" width="621"]]
313 + pi@raspberrypi:~~$ cat /etc/os-release
511 511  
315 + PRETTY_NAME="Raspbian GNU/Linux 8 (jessie)"
512 512  
317 + NAME="Raspbian GNU/Linux"
513 513  
514 -Get the draginofwd real-time running log:
319 + VERSION_ID="8"
515 515  
516 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
517 -(((
518 -**~ sudo journalctl -u draginofwd -f**
519 -)))
321 + VERSION="8 (jessie)"
520 520  
521 -[[image:1651746111963-838.png||height="184" width="730"]]
323 + ID=raspbian
522 522  
325 + ID_LIKE=debian
523 523  
327 + HOME_URL="http:~/~/www.raspbian.org/"
524 524  
525 - If there are LoRaWAN nodes transmitting nearby, we can see the traffic in (% style="color:#037691" %)**TTN v3 –> Gateway ~-~-> Live data**
329 + SUPPORT_URL="http:~/~/www.raspbian.org/RaspbianForums"
526 526  
527 -[[image:1651746139304-966.png||height="326" width="621"]]
331 + BUG_REPORT_URL="http:~/~/www.raspbian.org/RaspbianBugs"
528 528  
529 529  
530 -==== **h). Commands to handle service** ====
334 +==== 5.2 Get Gateway ID in Raspberry and input this in TTN v3. ====
531 531  
532 -* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**Stop** (%%)dragino_fwd service:  sudo systemctl stop draginofwd
533 -* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**Disable**(%%) dragino_fwd auto run after boot: sudo systemctl disable draginofwd
534 -* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**Start** (%%)dragino_fwd : sudo systemctl start draginofwd
535 -* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**Auto run**(%%) dragino_fwd after boot:  sudo systemctl enable draginofwd
536 -* (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**Show status** (%%)of dragino_fwd:  sudo systemctl status draginofwd
336 + In RPI, run below command to get a Gateway ID
537 537  
338 + (% class="mark" %)ifconfig eth0
538 538  
340 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
341 +[[image:1651745210205-512.png||height="130" width="621"]]
539 539  
540 540  
344 + We got the ether (eth0 MAC) address is b8:27:eb:49:62:bc). Add ffff at the end and remove “:” to get the gateway ID: b827ebxxxxbcffff. Input this to TTN v3.
541 541  
346 + Make sure to select legacy packet forwarder.
542 542  
543 -=== 5.2.2 Basic Station Mode. ===
348 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
349 +[[image:1651745267862-321.png||height="526" width="621"]]
544 544  
545 545  
546 -==== **a). Get a gateway EUI from the device ETH MAC.** ====
547 547  
353 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
354 +[[image:1651745306744-481.png||height="478" width="621"]]
548 548  
549 -In RPI, run the below command to get a Gateway EUI
356 +After set up, the status should show not connected as below:
550 550  
551 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
552 -(((
553 -**~ ifconfig eth0**
554 -)))
358 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
359 +[[image:1651745366987-458.png||height="363" width="621"]]
555 555  
556 -[[image:1651745210205-512.png||height="130" width="621"]]
557 557  
362 +===== 5.2.1 Download and install LoRaWAN packet forwarder =====
558 558  
559 -(((
560 -(((
561 -We got the ether (eth0 MAC) address is b8:27:eb:49:62:bc). Add ffff at the end and remove “:” to get the gateway ID: b827ebxxxxbcffff.  Input this to TTN v3. Make sure to select legacy packet forwarder.
562 -)))
563 -)))
364 + Enable SPI and I2C first:
564 564  
366 + a)SPI needs to be enabled on the Raspberry Pi
565 565  
368 + Run sudo raspi-config to open the config window
566 566  
567 -==== **b). Register the gateway with the Basic Station Mode on the TTN-Stack** ====
370 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
371 +[[image:1651745476754-240.png||height="235" width="631"]]
568 568  
569 569  
570 -[[image:image-20230329164417-5.png]]
374 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
375 +[[image:image-20220505181135-1.png]]
571 571  
377 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
378 +[[image:image-20220505181135-2.png]]
572 572  
573 573  
574 -==== **c). Download the gateway API keys, and then upload them to the gateway.** ====
575 575  
576 576  
577 -[[image:image-20230329164704-6.png]]
383 + In RPI , Fist: Enter root account:
578 578  
385 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
386 +[[image:1651745583363-614.png]]
579 579  
580 -==== **d). The status Shows disconnect.** ====
581 581  
389 + and then run:
582 582  
583 -[[image:image-20230329165619-7.png||height="568" width="948"]]
391 + wget [[https:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/PG1302/software/auto_install.sh>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/PG1302/software/auto_install.sh]]
584 584  
393 + chmod +x ./auto_install.sh
585 585  
586 -==== **e.) Uploda API keys into the gateway** ====
395 + ./auto_install.sh
587 587  
397 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
398 +[[image:1651745611629-818.png]]
588 588  
589 -The user can find the Basic Station configuration directory in (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**/etc/station/:**
590 590  
591 -//**directory tree:**//
401 + This will download the packet forwarder package from Dragino Server to RPI, and start install the package.
592 592  
593 -/etc/station/
594 -└── station.conf  ~-~--> station configuration file
403 + You can get these output:
595 595  
405 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
406 +[[image:1651745657252-173.png||height="426" width="621"]]
596 596  
597 -**and then upload the downloaded keys to this directory((% style="color:#0000ff" %)/etc/station/(%%))**
598 598  
599 -eg:
409 +===== 5.2.2 Config Gateway ID, Frequency Band and Server address =====
600 600  
601 -/etc/station/.
602 -├── cups.key
603 -├── cups.trust
604 -├── cups.uri
605 -├── lns.key
606 -└── station.conf
607 -
411 + After installation, user can find the configuration file in** /etc/lora/ **Replace the gateway ID we got above to the **gateway_ID** in file **local_conf.json**
608 608  
609 -==== **f). Configure Gateway EUI** ====
413 + The default LoRaWAN server points to localhost, user need to put the correct server address to the server_address field in file **local_conf.json**, like below.
610 610  
611 -[[image:image-20240622094409-1.png]]
415 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
416 +[[image:1651745709709-887.png||height="820" width="621"]]
612 612  
613 613  
419 + User can find the TTN v3 server address from:
614 614  
421 + [[Server Addresses ~| The Things Stack for LoRaWAN (thethingsindustries.com)>>url:https://www.thethingsindustries.com/docs/getting-started/server-addresses/#deployments]]
615 615  
616 -==== **g). **Start the station service ====
617 617  
618 -After configuring the GWEUI and uploading the certificate, you can start the station service via the below command:
424 + And the default frequency band is US915 in **global_conf.json** file.
619 619  
620 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
621 -(((
622 -ln -sf /usr/bin/station_sx1302 /usr/bin/station
426 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
427 +[[image:1651745838008-820.png||height="650" width="621"]]
623 623  
624 -systemctl start draginostation
625 -)))
626 626  
430 +* If user want to change to other frequency bands, User can copy the file from **/etc/lora/cfg-302 **and put it into** /etc/lora/global_conf.json.**
627 627  
628 -systemctl start draginostation  ~-~- start draginostation service
432 + 1).Chose your need the name of region frequency.
629 629  
630 -systemctl stop draginostation  ~-~- Stop draginostation service
434 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
435 +[[image:1651745867516-322.png]]
631 631  
632 -systemctl enable draginostation ~-~- enable boot auto start draginostation service
633 633  
634 -systemctl disable  draginostation  ~-~- disable boot auto start draginostation service
438 + 2). Use this command to copy it.
635 635  
440 + cp /etc/lora/cfg-302/EU-global_conf.json /etc/lora/global_conf.json
636 636  
442 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
443 +[[image:1651745984006-868.png]]
637 637  
638 -Tree Directory:
639 639  
640 -/etc/station/
446 +* If user wants to change to other LoRaWAN server, modify the **global_conf.json** file.
641 641  
642 -├── cups-bak.done
643 -├── cups-bak.key
644 -├── cups-bak.trust
645 -├── cups-bak.uri
646 -├── cups.key
647 -├── cups.trust
648 -├── cups.uri
649 -├── lns.key
650 -├── station.conf
651 -├── tc-bak.crt
652 -├── tc-bak.done
653 -├── tc-bak.key
654 -├── tc-bak.trust
655 -├── tc-bak.uri
656 -├── tc.crt
657 -├── tc.key
658 -├── tc.trust
659 -└── tc.uri
448 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
449 +(((
660 660  
451 +)))
661 661  
453 +===== 5.2.3 Check result =====
662 662  
663 -==== **h). Check station running log** ====
455 + Run below command to restart the dragino_fwd:
664 664  
457 + sudo systemctl stop draginofwd
665 665  
666 -tail -f /var/log/station.log
459 + sudo systemctl start draginofwd
667 667  
668 -[[image:image-20230329201624-11.png]]
461 + debug check the ruing status of fwd:
669 669  
463 + sudo systemctl status draginofwd
670 670  
465 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
466 +[[image:1651746045057-414.png]]
671 671  
672 -= 6. Add GPS support in PG1302 =
673 673  
674 -The PG1302 supports GPS:
469 + The dragino_fwd will start with the new gateway ID and TTN v3 should show the connection ok:
675 675  
676 -[[image:image-20240118160132-1.png||height="270" width="338"]]
471 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
472 +[[image:1651746078253-168.png||height="372" width="621"]]
677 677  
678 678  
679 -* **The users can find the GPS device in Raspberry: /dev/ttyS0 or /dev/ttyAMA0**
475 + We can check dragino_fwd running states in RPi by running:
680 680  
681 - [[image:image-20240118160407-2.png||height="71" width="458"]]
477 + //**sudo journalctl -u draginofwd -f**//
682 682  
479 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
480 +[[image:1651746111963-838.png]]
683 683  
684 -* **Check the GPS output: cat /dev/ttyS0**
482 + If there are LoRaWAN nodes transmits nearby, we can see the traffic in TTN v3 –> Gateway ~-~-> Live data
685 685  
686 - [[image:image-20240118160454-3.png]]
484 +(% style="text-align:center" %)
485 +[[image:1651746139304-966.png||height="326" width="621"]]
687 687  
688 688  
689 -* **Add the GPS to the Semtech UDP package forwarder configuration.**
488 +===== 5.2.4 Commands to handle service =====
690 690  
691 - [[image:image-20240118160928-4.png||height="426" width="464"]]
490 +* **Stop** dragino_fwd service:  sudo systemctl stop draginofwd
491 +* **Disable** dragino_fwd auto run after boot: sudo systemctl disable draginofwd
492 +* **Start** dragino_fwd : sudo systemctl start draginofwd
493 +* **Auto run** dragino_fwd after boot:  sudo systemctl enable draginofwd
494 +* **Show status** of dragino_fwd:  sudo systemctl status draginofwd
692 692  
496 +=== 6. Order Info ===
693 693  
694 -* **Test GPS function**
498 + Part Number: **PG1302-XX**  Or  Part Number: **PG1302-PI-XX   **(Include RPi converter board for RPI 3/4)
695 695  
696 -**~ 1.) Stop IoT service: systemctl stop draginofwd**
500 +**~ XX:**
697 697  
502 +* 868 (For Bands: EU868,IN865)
503 +* 915 (For Bands: US915,AU915,AS923,KR920)
504 +* 470 (For Band: CN470)
698 698  
699 -**~ 2.) Run the fwd command and check the output**
506 +=== 7. Packing Info ===
700 700  
508 +**~ PG1302 Package Includes**:
701 701  
702 - [[image:image-20240118161109-5.png]]
703 -
704 -
705 -**~ 3.) Trouble Shooting:**
706 -
707 - If you get many WARNING outputs, which should be the GPS location is invalid, you need to adjust the GPS location, it is recommended to put it outdoors
708 -
709 -
710 - [[image:image-20240118161333-6.png]]
711 -
712 -
713 - The user can check the PG1302 board GPS LED status to check the location,
714 -
715 - GPS location is valid  ~-~--> GPS LED will light up
716 -
717 - GPS location is invalid ~-~--> GPS LED will light down
718 -
719 -
720 - [[image:image-20240118162033-7.png]]
721 -
722 -
723 -
724 -= 7. Trouble Shooting =
725 -
726 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
727 -7.1 Failed to start the concentrator how to debug
728 -
729 -
730 ---When the problem "failed to start the concentrator" occurs, the user needs to check whether the I2C and SPI are enabled,--
731 -
732 ---Users can enter the following command to check whether I2C is detected, and the detection of **"60"** is correct.--
733 -
734 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
735 -(((
736 ---**i2cdetect -y 1**--
737 -)))
738 -
739 -**Note: This method has been removed because the i2c had been removed on the latest PG1302.**
740 -
741 -
742 -
743 -Check whether the SPI path of the configuration file is correct,
744 -
745 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
746 -(((
747 -**cat /etc/lora/global_conf.json **
748 -)))
749 -
750 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
751 -[[image:image-20230518092732-2.png||height="378" width="691"]]
752 -
753 -
754 -
755 -= 8. Order Info =
756 -
757 -
758 -Part Number: (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**PG1302-XX**   (%%) Or  Part Number: (% style="color:#0000ff" %)**PG1302-PI-XX   **(%%)(Include RPi converter board for RPI 3/4)
759 -
760 -**~ (% style="color:#0000ff" %)XX:(%%)**
761 -
762 -* (% style="color:red" %)**868** (%%)(For Bands: EU868,IN865)
763 -* (% style="color:red" %)**915** (%%)(For Bands: US915,AU915,AS923,KR920)
764 -* (% style="color:red" %)**470** (%%)(For Band: CN470)
765 -
766 -= 9. Packing Info =
767 -
768 -
769 -(((
770 -**PG1302 Package Includes**:
771 -)))
772 -
773 -(((
774 774  * PG1302 x 1
775 775  * LoRa Antenna x 1
776 -)))
777 777  
513 +**~ PG1302-PI Package Includes**:
778 778  
779 -
780 -(((
781 -**PG1302-PI Package Includes**:
782 -)))
783 -
784 784  * PG1302 x 1
785 785  * LoRa Antenna x 1
786 786  * RPi3/4 converter PCB
787 787  * Screws to hole converter PCB on RPI.
788 788  
789 -**PG1302-PI Dimension and weight: **
520 +=== 8. Reference ===
790 790  
791 -* Device Size: 18 x 8 x 4 cm
792 -* Weight: 150g
522 +* Datasheet, User Manual & Software Download:
793 793  
794 -= 10. Support =
524 + [[https:~~/~~/www.dropbox.com/sh/f6nbldh1qbspya5/AACgL6pDkwdBQO1BQqq_Nubwa?dl=0>>url:https://www.dropbox.com/sh/f6nbldh1qbspya5/AACgL6pDkwdBQO1BQqq_Nubwa?dl=0]]
795 795  
796 796  
797 -(((
798 -If you are experiencing issues and can't solve, you can send mail to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]].
799 -)))
527 +=== 9. Support ===
800 800  
801 -(((
802 -With your question as detail as possible. We will reply and help you in the shortest.
803 -)))
529 +* Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8. Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before-mentioned schedule.
530 +* Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to
531 +
532 + [[support@dragino.com>>url:file:///D:/市场资料/说明书/LoRa/LT系列/support@dragino.com]]
image-20220616085956-1.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -717.6 KB
Content
image-20220621104746-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XWiki.Edwin
Size
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -861.7 KB
Content
image-20220928181226-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -29.1 KB
Content
image-20230329164417-5.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -46.4 KB
Content
image-20230329164704-6.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -16.6 KB
Content
image-20230329165619-7.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -106.9 KB
Content
image-20230329195416-8.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -9.3 KB
Content
image-20230329195442-9.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -9.9 KB
Content
image-20230329195650-10.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -27.7 KB
Content
image-20230329201624-11.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -20.1 KB
Content
image-20230518091900-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -6.8 KB
Content
image-20230518092732-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -35.1 KB
Content
image-20231115174839-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -80.3 KB
Content
image-20231115180410-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -78.7 KB
Content
image-20240118160132-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -37.2 KB
Content
image-20240118160407-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -7.9 KB
Content
image-20240118160454-3.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -42.0 KB
Content
image-20240118160928-4.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -83.8 KB
Content
image-20240118161109-5.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -178.1 KB
Content
image-20240118161333-6.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -120.0 KB
Content
image-20240118162033-7.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -724.0 KB
Content
image-20240122140551-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -334.9 KB
Content
image-20240506170501-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -104.7 KB
Content
image-20240506170559-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -154.3 KB
Content
image-20240506170941-3.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -357.5 KB
Content
image-20240622094409-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -134.7 KB
Content