Wiki source code of LPS8N - LoRaWAN Gateway User Manual

Version 147.1 by Xiaoling on 2022/07/07 09:12

version	line-number	content
73.5	1	(% style="text-align:center" %)
94.2	2	[[image:1656917428377-954.png\|\|height="475" width="475"]]
50.3	3
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74.2	7	Table of Contents：
50.3	8
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81.1	13
50.3	14
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94.2	20
96.2	21	(% style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:29px" %)1. Introduction
94.2	22
96.2	23	== 1.1 What is the LPS8N ==
94.2	24
	25
	26
95.4	27	(((
94.2	28	The LPS8N is an (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)open source LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway(%%). It lets you bridge LoRa wireless network to an IP network via WiFi, Ethernet, 3G or 4G cellular network. The LoRa wireless allows users to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data-rates.
95.4	29	)))
94.2	30
95.4	31	(((
94.2	32	The LPS8N uses (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Semtech packet forwarder(%%) & (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)LoRaWAN Station connection(%%) and fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It includes a (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)SX1302 LoRaWAN concentrator(%%), which provides 10 programmable parallel demodulation paths.
95.4	33	)))
94.2	34
95.4	35	(((
94.2	36	LPS8N has (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)pre-configured standard LoRaWAN frequency bands(%%) to use for different countries. User can also (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)customized the frequency bands (%%)to use in their own LoRa network.
95.4	37	)))
94.2	38
95.4	39	(((
94.2	40	LPS8N can communicate with ABP LoRaWAN end node without LoRaWAN server. System integrator can use it to integrate with their existing IoT Service without set up own LoRaWAN server or use 3rd party LoRaWAN service.
95.4	41	)))
94.2	42
75.2	43	(((
94.2	44
75.2	45	)))
50.3	46
95.2	47	[[image:1656918270059-192.png]]
50.3	48
95.2	49
96.2	50	== 1.2 Specifications ==
50.3	51
	52
95.2	53	(% style="color:#037691" %)Hardware System:
	54
75.3	55	(((
50.3	56	Linux Part:
75.3	57	)))
50.3	58
	59	* 400Mhz ar9331 processor
	60	* 64MB RAM
	61	* 16MB Flash
	62
95.2	63	(% style="color:#037691" %)Interface:
	64
50.3	65	* 10M/100M RJ45 Ports x 1
	66	* WiFi : 802.11 b/g/n
	67	* LoRaWAN Wireless
95.2	68	* Power Input: 5V DC, 2A, Type C
50.3	69	* USB 2.0 host connector x 1
	70	* Mini-PCI E connector x 1
	71	* SX1302 + 2 x SX1250
	72
95.2	73	(% style="color:#037691" %)WiFi Spec:
	74
50.3	75	* IEEE 802.11 b/g/n
	76	* Frequency Band: 2.4 ~~ 2.462GHz
	77	* Tx power:
	78	** 11n tx power : mcs7/15: 11db mcs0 : 17db
	79	** 11b tx power: 18db
	80	** 11g 54M tx power: 12db
	81	** 11g 6M tx power: 18db
	82	* Wifi Sensitivity
	83	** 11g 54M : -71dbm
	84	** 11n 20M : -67dbm
	85
95.2	86	(% style="color:#037691" %)LoRa Spec:
	87
	88	* Up to -140 dBm sensitivity
50.3	89	* 70 dB CW interferer rejection at 1 MHz offset
	90	* Able to operate with negative SNR, CCR up to 9dB
	91	* Emulates 49 x LoRa demodulators and 1 x (G)FSK demodulator
	92	* Dual digital TX & RX radio front-end interfaces
	93	* 10 programmable parallel demodulation paths
	94	* Dynamic data-rate (DDR) adaptation
	95	* True antenna diversity or simultaneous dual-band operation
	96
95.2	97	(% style="color:#037691" %)Cellular 4G LTE (optional):
	98
	99	* Quectel [[EC25 LTE module>>url:https://www.quectel.com/product/ec25minipcie.htm]]
	100	* Micro SIM Slot
	101	* External 4G Sticker Antenna.
50.3	102	* Up to 150Mbps downlink and 50Mbps uplink data rates
	103	* Worldwide LTE,UMTS/HSPA+ and GSM/GPRS/EDGE coverage
	104	* MIMO technology meets demands for data rate and link reliability in modem wireless communication systems
	105
134.1	106
	107
96.2	108	== 1.3 Features ==
50.3	109
95.6	110	* Open Source OpenWrt system
	111	* Managed by Web GUI, SSH via WAN or WiFi
	112	* Remote access with Reverse-SSH or remote.it
	113	* Emulates 49x LoRa demodulators
	114	* LoRaWAN Gateway
	115	* 10 programmable parallel demodulation paths
	116	* Pre-configure to support different LoRaWAN regional settings.
	117	* Allow to customize LoRaWAN regional parameters.
	118	* Support Local decode ABP end node info and transfer to MQTT server
	119	* Support different level log in.
	120	* Support Semtech Packet Forwarder
	121	* Support LoRaWAN basic station.
	122	* Optional 3G/4G cellular connection
95.5	123
134.1	124
	125
96.2	126	== 1.4 Hardware System Structure ==
50.3	127
96.2	128	[[image:1657079015096-949.png]]
50.3	129
96.2	130
97.2	131	== 1.5 LPS8N Applications ==
50.3	132
97.2	133	[[image:1657079055940-721.png]]
50.3	134
	135
97.2	136	== 1.6 LED Indicators ==
	137
50.3	138
101.2	139	LPS8N has totally four LEDs, They are:
50.3	140
101.2	141	* Power LED [[image:image-20220706115518-1.png\|\|height="15" width="16"]] : This (% style="color:red" %)RED LED(%%) will be solid on if the device is properly powered.
	142	* LoRa LED [[image:image-20220706115518-2.png\|\|height="15" width="15"]] : This RGB LED will (% style="color:green" %)blink GREEN(%%) when LoRaWAN module starts or transmit a packet.
101.4	143	* SYS LED [[image:image-20220706115518-3.png\|\|height="16" width="16"]] : This RGB LED will shows different colors on different state:
101.2	144	(% style="color:blue" %)SOLID BLUE**(%%): Device is alive with LoRaWAN server connection.
104.5	145	(% style="color:blue" %)BLINKING BLUE(%%): a) Device has internet connection but no LoRaWAN Connection. or b) Device is in booting stage, in this stage, it will (% style="color:blue" %)BLINKING BLUE(%%) for several seconds and then with (% style="color:red" %)SOLID RED(%%) and (% style="color:blue" %)BLINKING BLUE**(%%) together
101.3	146	(% style="color:red" %)SOLID RED**(%%): Device doesn't have Internet connection.
50.3	147
101.2	148	* ETH LED [[image:image-20220706115518-4.png\|\|height="15" width="17"]] : This LED shows the ETH interface connection status.
50.3	149
128.2	150
134.1	151
103.2	152	= 2. Access and Configure LPS8N =
50.3	153
103.2	154	(((
	155	The LPS8N is configured as a WiFi Access Point by factory default. You can access and configure the LPS8N after connecting to its WiFi network, or via its WAN Ethernet port.
	156	)))
50.3	157
	158
103.2	159	== 2.1 Find IP address of LPS8N ==
50.3	160
103.2	161	=== 2.1.1 Connect via WiFi ===
50.3	162
103.2	163	[[image:1657085974260-168.png]]
50.3	164
	165
103.2	166	At the first boot of LPS8N, it will auto generate a WiFi network called (% style="color:green" %)//dragino-xxxxxx //(% style="color:black" %)with password: (% style="background-color:yellow" %)dragino+dragino
	167
73.5	168	[[image:1652413127647-377.png]]
50.3	169
	170
75.3	171	(((
50.3	172	User can use a PC to connect to this WiFi network. The PC will get an IP address 10.130.1.xxx and the DLOS8N has the default IP (% style="color:green" %)10.130.1.1
103.2	173
	174
	175
75.3	176	)))
50.3	177
103.2	178	=== 2.1.2 Connect via Ethernet with DHCP IP from router ===
50.3	179
103.2	180	[[image:1657086105922-299.png]]
50.3	181
	182
77.2	183	(((
103.2	184	Alternatively, connect the LPS8N Ethernet port to your router and DLOS8N will obtain an IP address from your router. In the router's management portal, you should be able to find what IP address the router has assigned to the LPS8N. You can also use this IP to connect.
	185
	186
	187
77.2	188	)))
50.3	189
104.2	190	=== 2.1.3 Connect via WiFi with DHCP IP from router ===
50.3	191
104.2	192	[[image:1657086192720-649.png]]
50.3	193
	194
104.2	195	If the LPS8N already connect to the router via WiFi, use can use the WiFi IP to connect to LPS8N.
50.3	196
	197
104.2	198
	199	=== 2.1.4 Connect via Ethernet with fall back ip ===
	200
104.5	201	The WAN port also has a [[fall back ip address>>\|\|anchor="H10.3A0IconfiguredLPS8NforWiFiaccessandlostitsIP.Whattodonow3F"]] for access if user doesn't connect to uplink router. Click [[here>>\|\|anchor="H10.3A0IconfiguredLPS8NforWiFiaccessandlostitsIP.Whattodonow3F"]] to see how to configure.
50.3	202
104.2	203
	204
104.5	205	== 2.2 Access Configure Web UI ==
50.3	206
	207	Web Interface
	208
108.2	209	Open a browser on the PC and type the LPS8N ip address (depends on your connect method)
50.3	210
	211	[[http:~~/~~/10.130.1.1/>>url:http://10.130.1.1/]] (Access via WiFi AP network)
	212
	213	or
	214
	215	http:~/~/IP_ADDRESS or [[http:~~/~~/ IP_ADDRESS:8000>>url:http://192.168.1.xx:8000]]
	216
	217
108.2	218	You will see the login interface of LPS8N as shown below.
50.3	219
	220	The account details for Web Login are:
	221
	222	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)User Name: root
	223
	224	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Password: dragino
	225
73.5	226	[[image:1652414287022-223.png]]
50.3	227
104.6	228
	229
108.2	230	= 3. Typical Network Setup =
50.3	231
108.2	232	== 3.1 Overview ==
50.3	233
108.2	234	The LPS8N supports flexible network set up for different environments. This section describes the typical network topology. The network set up includes:
50.3	235
	236	* WAN Port Internet Mode
	237	* WiFi Client Mode
	238	* WiFi AP Mode
	239
134.1	240
	241
108.2	242	== 3.2 Use WAN port to access Internet ==
50.3	243
108.2	244	By default, the LPS8N is set to use the WAN port to connect to an upstream network. When you connect the LPS8N's WAN port to an upstream router, LPS8N will get an IP address from the router and have Internet access via the upstream router. The network status can be checked in the (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)home page:
50.3	245
	246
108.2	247	[[image:1657088560833-398.png]]
50.3	248
108.2	249
	250	== 3.3 Access the Internet as a WiFi Client ==
	251
50.3	252	In the WiFi Client Mode, DLOS8N acts as a WiFi client and gets DHCP from an upstream router via WiFi.
	253
77.2	254	(((
50.3	255	The settings for WiFi Client is under page (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)System~-~-> WiFi ~-~-> WiFi WAN Client Settings
108.2	256
	257	[[image:1657088818095-182.png]]
77.2	258	)))
50.3	259
	260
77.2	261	(((
50.3	262	In the WiFi Survey Choose the WiFi AP, and input the Passphrase then click Save & Apply to connect.
108.2	263
	264
77.2	265	)))
50.3	266
110.2	267	== 3.4 Use built-in 4G modem for internet access ==
50.3	268
108.2	269	(((
	270	(((
	271	If the LPS8N has 3G/4G Cellular modem, user can use it as main internet connection or back up.
	272	)))
50.3	273
108.2	274
77.2	275	(((
108.2	276	First, install the Micro SIM card as below direction
77.2	277	)))
50.3	278
108.2	279	(((
	280	Second, Power off/ ON LPS8N to let it detect the SIM card.
	281	)))
	282	)))
50.3	283
	284
108.2	285	[[image:1657090855037-497.png]]
	286
80.2	287	(((
108.2	288
80.2	289	)))
50.3	290
77.2	291	(((
50.3	292	The set up page is (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)System ~-~-> Cellular
77.2	293	)))
50.3	294
77.2	295	(((
50.3	296	While use the cellular as Backup WAN, device will use Cellular for internet connection while WAN port or WiFi is not valid and switch back to WAN port or WiFi after they recover.
77.2	297	)))
50.3	298
80.2	299	(((
108.2	300	[[image:1657090932270-444.png]]
80.2	301	)))
50.3	302
	303
110.2	304	== 3.5 Check Internet connection ==
50.3	305
	306	In the (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)home(%%) page, we can check the Internet connection.
	307
78.2	308	* GREEN Tick [[image:1652436675869-206.png\|\|height="14" width="15"]] : This interface has Internet connection.
110.2	309	* Yellow Tick [[image:1652436705761-420.png\|\|height="15" width="15"]] : This interface has IP address but don't use it for internet connection.
111.2	310	* RED Cross [[image:1652436787176-950.png\|\|height="14" width="15"]] : This interface doesn't connected.
50.3	311
110.2	312	[[image:1657091099235-452.png]]
	313
50.3	314
	315
110.2	316	= 4. Example: Configure as a LoRaWAN gateway =
50.3	317
110.2	318	LPS8N is fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It uses the legacy Semtech Packet forwarder to forward the LoRaWAN packets to server. The structure is as below.
	319
80.4	320	(((
110.2	321	[[image:1657091257648-882.png]]
80.4	322	)))
50.3	323
110.3	324	(((
	325	This chapter describes how to use the DLOS8Nto work with (TTN v3)[[ LoRaWAN Server>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]] ([[www.thethingsnetwork.org>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]])
	326	)))
50.3	327
	328
	329
110.3	330	== 4.1 Create a gateway in TTN V3 Server ==
	331
50.3	332	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Step 1: Get a Unique gateway ID.
	333
78.3	334	(((
111.2	335	Every LPS8N has a unique gateway id. The ID can be found at LoRaWAN page:
78.3	336	)))
50.3	337
80.4	338	(((
111.2	339	[[image:1657091583941-544.png]]
80.4	340	)))
50.3	341
111.2	342	The example gateway id is: (% style="color:green" %)a840411e96744154
50.3	343
111.2	344
50.3	345	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Step 2: Sign up a user account in TTN server
	346
	347	[[https:~~/~~/account.thethingsnetwork.org/register>>url:https://account.thethingsnetwork.org/register]]
	348
113.2	349	[[image:1657091739530-531.png]]
50.3	350
113.2	351
50.3	352	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Step 3: Choose the TTNv3 Cluster Picker
	353
80.4	354	(((
113.2	355	[[image:1657091719947-297.png]]
80.4	356	)))
50.3	357
	358	(% style="color:red" %)Note: Choose the cluster corresponds to a specific Gateway server address
	359
113.2	360
122.2	361	* Europe 1 (% style="color:red" %)corresponding Gateway server address:(%%)(% style="color:red" %) (% style="color:black" %)eu1.cloud.thethings.network
	362	* North America 1 (% style="color:red" %)corresponding Gateway server address: (% style="color:black" %)nam1.cloud.thethings.network
	363	* Australia 1 (% style="color:red" %)corresponding Gateway server address: (% style="color:black" %)au1.cloud.thethings.network
	364	* Legacy V2 Console : (% style="color:red" %)TTN v2 shuts down in December 2021
50.3	365
136.2	366
	367
50.3	368	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Step 4: Create a Gateway
	369
116.2	370	[[image:1657091941182-367.png]]
50.3	371
	372	Click the Gateway icon and then click Add gateway.
	373
113.2	374
50.3	375	Open the following page:
	376
	377
116.2	378	[[image:image-20220706155323-5.png\|\|height="579" width="1060"]]
50.3	379
116.2	380
117.2	381	[[image:image-20220706155323-6.png\|\|height="582" width="1066"]]
116.2	382
	383
80.4	384	(((
50.3	385	(% style="color:red" %)Notice: Gateway Server address must match the gateway configuration, otherwise you will have problem for End Node to join the network.
80.4	386	)))
50.3	387
	388	After creating the gateway, you can see the gateway info, as below.
	389
117.2	390	[[image:1657094130908-567.png]](% style="display:none" %)
50.3	391
117.2	392
117.3	393	== 4.2 Configure DLOS8N to connect to TTN v3 ==
50.3	394
80.4	395	(((
122.2	396	You can now configure the LPS8N to let it connect to TTN network V3.
80.4	397	)))
50.3	398
80.4	399	(((
122.2	400	Make sure your LPS8N has a working Internet Connection first.
80.4	401	)))
50.3	402
80.4	403	(((
50.3	404	Choose the right server provider and click (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Save&Apply
80.4	405	)))
50.3	406
120.2	407	[[image:1657094183213-301.png]]
50.3	408
	409	(% style="color:red" %)Note: The server address must match the Gateway server address you choose in TTN V3.
	410
120.2	411
50.3	412	In the home page, we can see the LoRaWAN connection is ready now.
	413
120.2	414	[[image:1657094202420-798.png]]
50.3	415
120.2	416
50.3	417	In TTN v3 portal, we can also see the gateway is connected.
	418
120.2	419	[[image:1657094221515-510.png]]
50.3	420
120.2	421
122.2	422	== 4.3 Configure frequency ==
50.3	423
122.2	424	We also need to set the frequency plan in LPS8N to match the end node we use, so to receive the LoRaWAN packets from the LoRaWAN sensor.
50.3	425
122.2	426	[[image:1657094249818-468.png]]
50.3	427
	428
	429	In logread page, user can check the frequency actually used.
	430
122.2	431	[[image:1657094333704-207.png]]
50.3	432
	433
122.3	434	== 4.4 Add a LoRaWAN End Device ==
	435
78.3	436	(((
50.3	437	This section shows how to add a LoRaWAN End device to a LoRaWAN network and see the data from TTN web site.
78.3	438	)))
50.3	439
78.3	440	(((
50.3	441	We use [[LT-22222-L>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-end-node/item/156-lt-22222-l.html]] IO Controller as a reference device - the setup for other LoRaWAN devices will be similar.
78.3	442	)))
50.3	443
73.5	444	[[image:1652422794767-871.png]]
50.3	445
78.3	446	(((
50.3	447	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Step 1: (% style="color:black" %)Create a Device definition in TTN v3 with the OTAA keys from the example LT-22222-L IO Controller device.
122.3	448
126.2	449
78.3	450	)))
50.3	451
78.3	452	(((
50.3	453	Three codes are required to define the device in TTN v3:
78.3	454	)))
50.3	455
	456	* DEV EUI - Unique ID code for a particular device.
	457	* APP EUI - ID code for an Application defined in TTN v3.
	458	* APP Key - Unique key to secure communications with a particular device.
	459
78.3	460	(((
50.3	461	A set of these codes are stored in each device by the manufacturer as the default codes for that particular device. Each device is shipped with a sticker with the default Device EUI as shown below.
78.3	462	)))
50.3	463
126.2	464	[[image:1657094382177-591.png]]
50.3	465
78.3	466	(((
50.3	467	(% style="color:red" %)Note: You may be able to change these codes in a device by using a configuration facility on the device e.g. the LT-22222 uses a serial port access and a series of AT commands. Changing the codes may be necessary in the case where you have to use codes assigned by a LoRa WAN server.
126.2	468
	469
78.3	470	)))
50.3	471
78.3	472	(((
50.3	473	For the TTN v3 server, you can use the codes set in the device as in the following example.
78.3	474	)))
50.3	475
78.3	476	(((
50.3	477	Select Add Application to open the screen below.
78.3	478	)))
50.3	479
126.2	480	[[image:1657094417175-831.png]]
50.3	481
	482	Open the Application select Add end device
	483
126.2	484
50.3	485	Start Register the end device
	486
126.2	487	[[image:1657094444802-101.png]]
50.3	488
78.3	489	(((
50.3	490	Select OTAA activation mode
126.2	491
	492
78.3	493	)))
50.3	494
78.3	495	(((
50.3	496	The LoRaWAN version for your device should be provided by the manufacturer in a datasheet as LoRaWAN version or LoRaWAN specification. The most commonly used LoRaWAN versions are v1.0.2 and v1.0.3.
78.3	497	)))
50.3	498
126.2	499	[[image:1657094475730-208.png]]
50.3	500
	501	First, input the End device ID, AppEUI and DevEUI.
	502
	503
128.2	504	[[image:1657094646429-966.png]]
126.2	505
50.3	506	Secondly, choose the corresponding frequency and LoRaWAN class capabilities.
	507
	508
128.2	509	[[image:1657094674045-755.png]]
	510
78.3	511	(((
50.3	512	Finally, Application layer settings input the corresponding AppKey. Before saving the configuration, check that the data matches the device.
129.2	513
	514
78.3	515	)))
50.3	516
78.3	517	(((
50.3	518	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Step 2: (% style="color:black" %)Power on LT-22222-L device and it will automatically join the TTN network. After joining successfully, it will start to upload messages to the TTN v3. Select the Live data tab and you will see the data appearing in the panel.
78.3	519	)))
50.3	520
78.3	521	(((
50.3	522	(% style="color:red" %)Note that it may take some time for the device data to appear in the TTN v3 display.
78.3	523	)))
50.3	524
129.2	525	[[image:1657094791060-639.png]]
50.3	526
129.2	527
132.2	528	= 5. Web Configure Pages =
50.3	529
132.2	530	== 5.1 Home ==
50.3	531
	532	Shows the system running status.
	533
132.2	534	[[image:1657094893942-726.png]]
50.3	535
	536
132.2	537	== 5.2 LoRa Settings ==
50.3	538
132.2	539	=== 5.2.1 LoRa ~-~-> LoRa ===
	540
78.4	541	(((
50.3	542	This page shows the LoRa Radio Settings. There are a set of default frequency band according to LoRaWAN protocol, and user can customized the band* as well.
78.4	543	)))
50.3	544
78.4	545	(((
132.2	546	Different LPS8N hardware version can support different frequency range:
78.4	547	)))
50.3	548
132.2	549	* (% style="color:blue" %)868(%%): valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865 or KZ865.
	550	* (% style="color:blue" %)915(%%): valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920
50.3	551
78.4	552	(((
132.2	553
	554
	555	After user choose the frequency plan, he can see the actually frequency in used by checking the page (% style="color:green" %)LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log
78.4	556	)))
50.3	557
132.2	558	[[image:1657094930903-357.png]]
50.3	559
80.10	560	Note : [[See this instruction for how to customize frequency band>>doc:Main.How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band.WebHome]]*
50.3	561
	562
	563	=== 5.2.2 LoRa ~-~-> ABP Decryption ===
	564
132.2	565	The LPS8N can communicate with LoRaWAN ABP End Node without the need of LoRaWAN server. It can be used in some cases such as:
50.3	566
	567	* No internet connection.
80.9	568	* User wants to get data forward in gateway and forward to their server based on MQTT/HTTP, etc. (Combine ABP communication method and [[MQTT forward together>>doc:Main.MQTT Forward Instruction.WebHome]]).
50.3	569
78.4	570	(((
80.10	571	Detail of this feature: [[Communication with ABP End Node>>doc:Main.Communicate with ABP End Node without LoRaWAN Network Server --- LG308.WebHome]]
78.4	572	)))
50.3	573
132.2	574	[[image:1657095412271-942.png]]
50.3	575
	576
132.2	577	== 5.3 LoRaWAN Settings ==
50.3	578
132.2	579	=== 5.3.1 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN ===
	580
50.3	581	This page is for the connection set up to a general LoRaWAN Network server such as: [[TTN>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]], [[ChirpStack>>url:https://www.chirpstack.io/]] etc
	582
73.5	583	[[image:1652423628833-467.png\|\|height="357" width="755"]]
50.3	584
	585	(% style="color:red" %)Note:
	586
132.3	587	~*: User can ignore the latitude and longitude settings here, LPS8N will use the actually value from GPS module.
50.3	588
	589	~**: Packet filter is to drop the unwanted LoRaWAN packet, instruction see here:
	590
80.10	591	See: [[Filter unwanted LoRaWAN packets>>doc:Main.Filter unwanted LoRaWAN packets.WebHome]]
50.3	592
	593
132.3	594	=== 5.3.2 LoRaWAN ~-~-> Amazon AWS-IoT ===
	595
73.5	596	[[image:1652428499323-384.png\|\|height="275" width="723"]]
50.3	597
78.4	598	(((
80.10	599	Please see this instruction to know more detail and demo for how to connect to [[AWS-IoT LoRaWAN Core>>doc:Main.AWS IoT Core for LoRaWAN.WebHome]].
133.1	600
	601
78.4	602	)))
50.3	603
139.2	604	=== 5.3.3 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LORIOT ===
50.3	605
78.4	606	(((
50.3	607	Settings to communicate to LORIOT LoRaWAN Network Server: [[https:~~/~~/www.loriot.io/>>url:https://www.loriot.io/]]
78.4	608	)))
50.3	609
78.4	610	(((
80.10	611	Instruction: [[Notes for LORIOT>>doc:Main.Notes for LORIOT.WebHome]]
78.4	612	)))
50.3	613
73.5	614	[[image:1652428648903-878.png\|\|height="266" width="731"]]
50.3	615
133.1	616
139.2	617	== 5.4 MQTT Settings ==
50.3	618
139.2	619	If end nodes works in ABP mode, user can configure LPS8N to transfer the data to MQTT broker,
50.3	620
80.10	621	Instruction: [[MQTT Forward Instruction>>doc:Main.MQTT Forward Instruction.WebHome]]
50.3	622
	623
73.5	624	[[image:1652428705046-212.png\|\|height="417" width="733"]]
50.3	625
133.1	626
139.2	627	== 5.5 System ==
50.3	628
139.2	629	=== 5.5.1 System ~-~-> System Overview ===
50.3	630
	631	Shows the system info:
	632
136.2	633	[[image:1657155158184-134.png]]
50.3	634
136.2	635
	636
139.2	637	=== 5.5.2 System ~-~-> General ( login settings) ===
50.3	638
136.2	639	[[image:1657155183982-792.png]]
50.3	640
78.5	641	(((
54.2	642	__System Password:__
78.5	643	)))
50.3	644
78.5	645	(((
139.2	646	There are two login for LPS8N: (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)root /dragino (% style="color:black" %)or (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)admin /dragino. (% style="color:black" %)Both root and admin has the same right for WEB access. But root user has also the right to access via SSH to Linux system. admin only able to access WEB interface.
78.5	647	)))
50.3	648
78.5	649	(((
50.3	650	This page can be used to set the password for them.
78.5	651	)))
50.3	652
54.2	653	(((
136.2	654	__Timezone: __Set device timezone.
78.5	655	)))
50.3	656
54.2	657	(((
136.2	658	__Port forwarding: __Enable/Disable the HTTP and SSH access via WAN interface.
	659
	660
	661
78.5	662	)))
50.3	663
139.2	664	=== 5.5.3 System ~-~-> Network ===
50.3	665
139.2	666	[[image:1657155288223-566.png]]
50.3	667
78.5	668	(((
139.2	669	__LAN Settings: __When the LPS8N has the AP enable, LAN settings specify the network info for LPS8N's own network.
78.5	670	)))
50.3	671
54.2	672	(((
139.2	673	__WAN Settings: __Setting for LPS8N WAN port
54.2	674	)))
50.3	675
54.2	676	(((
139.2	677	__WiFi Settings: __Setting for LPS8N WiFi IP when use it as WiFi Client
80.4	678
139.2	679
80.4	680
54.2	681	)))
50.3	682
139.2	683	=== 5.5.4 System ~-~-> WiFi ===
50.3	684
139.2	685	LPS8N WiFi Settings.
50.3	686
139.2	687	[[image:1657155457089-430.png]]
50.3	688
	689
139.2	690
	691	=== 5.5.5 System ~-~-> Cellular ===
	692
50.3	693	While use the cellular as Backup WAN, device will use Cellular for internet connection while WAN port or WiFi is not valid and switch back to WAN port or WiFi after they recover.
	694
	695
139.2	696	[[image:1657155507672-204.png]]
50.3	697
139.2	698	(% style="color:red" %)Note *: For LPS8N which doesn't have the cellular module, this page will shows Cellular not detected.
50.3	699
139.2	700
	701
	702	=== 5.5.6 System ~-~-> Network Status ===
	703
50.3	704
141.2	705	[[image:1657155554265-721.png]]
50.3	706
141.2	707
	708
	709	=== 5.5.7 System ~-~-> Remote Mgnt & Auto Provision ===
	710
50.3	711	Auto Provision is the feature for batch configure and remote management. It can be used in below two cases:
	712
73.5	713	[[image:1652429518191-846.png\|\|height="332" width="733"]]
50.3	714
73.5	715	[[image:1652429527544-247.png\|\|height="327" width="724"]]
50.3	716
73.5	717	[[image:1652429537849-154.png\|\|height="339" width="722"]]
50.3	718
	719	Please see this document for detail:
	720
80.4	721	(((
50.3	722	[[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Application_Note/&file=Auto-update-feature.pdf>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Application_Note/&file=Auto-update-feature.pdf]]
80.4	723	)))
50.3	724
	725
80.10	726	R-SSH is for remote access device and management, introduction for how to use: [[Remote Access Gateway>>doc:Main.Remote Access Gateway.WebHome]]
50.3	727
73.5	728	[[image:1652429624400-864.png\|\|height="432" width="716"]]
50.3	729
80.10	730
50.3	731
141.2	732	=== 5.5.8 System ~-~-> Firmware Upgrade ===
50.3	733
141.2	734	We keep improving the LPS8N Linux side firmware for new features and bug fixes. Below are the links for reference.
	735
50.3	736	* Latest firmware: [[LoRa Gateway Firmware>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/]],
	737
141.2	738	( [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8N/Firmware>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LIG16/Firmware]])
50.3	739
	740	* Change Log: [[Firmware Change Log>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/ChangeLog]].
	741
141.2	742	( [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/LPS8N/Firmware/ChangeLog>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/LIG16/Firmware/ChangeLog]] )
50.3	743
141.2	744
78.5	745	(((
66.2	746	The file named as (% style="color:green" %)xxxxx–xxxxx-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin (% style="color:black" %)is the upgrade Image. There are different methods to upgrade, as below.
78.5	747	)))
50.3	748
78.5	749	(((
66.2	750	(% style="color:green" %)Web~-~-> System~-~-> Firmware Upgrade
78.5	751	)))
50.3	752
143.2	753	[[image:1657156052651-770.png]]
50.3	754
	755	Select the required image and click Flash Image. The image will be uploaded to the device, and then click Process Update to upgrade.
	756
143.2	757
66.2	758	(% style="color:red" %)NOTE: (% style="color:black" %)You normally need to //uncheck// the Preserve Settings checkbox when doing an upgrade to ensure that there is no conflict between the old settings and the new firmware. The new firmware will start up with its default settings.
50.3	759
	760	The system will automatically boot into the new firmware after upgrade.
	761
143.2	762	[[image:1657156094153-520.png]]
50.3	763
66.2	764	(% style="color:red" %)NOTE*(%%): User can also upgrade firmware via Linux console
50.3	765
66.2	766	SCP the firmware to the system(% style="color:green" %)/var(%%) directory and then run
50.3	767
66.2	768	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)//root@OpenWrt:~~# /sbin/sysupgrade –n /var/Your_Image//
50.3	769
143.3	770
66.2	771	(% style="color:red" %)NOTE(%%) : it is important to transfer the image in the /var directory, otherwise it may exceed the available flash size.
50.3	772
143.3	773
144.2	774	=== 5.5.9 System ~-~-> Reboot/Reset ===
50.3	775
73.5	776	[[image:1652430197132-330.png\|\|height="256" width="724"]]
50.3	777
73.7	778	(((
	779
144.2	780
	781
73.7	782	)))
50.3	783
144.2	784	=== 5.5.10 System ~-~-> Package Maintain ===
50.3	785
	786
145.2	787	[[image:1657156199070-491.png]]
	788
50.3	789	Place to show what package has installed and possible to upgrade packages.
	790
	791
	792
145.2	793	== 5.6 LogRead ==
50.3	794
145.2	795	=== 5.6.1 LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log ===
	796
	797
50.3	798	Show the frequency for LoRa Radio and traffics.
	799
91.1	800	[[image:image-20220615204306-1.png\|\|height="575" width="733"]]
	801
	802
	803	Show the IoT Server Connection State and FWD State
	804
93.1	805	[[image:image-20220616083933-1.png\|\|height="556" width="729"]]
91.1	806
93.1	807	DLOS8 can view GPS location in the Logread FWD State
91.1	808
93.1	809
91.1	810	Show the Error logs, RxTxJson lorawan packages, and PULL State
	811
	812	[[image:image-20220615205416-6.png\|\|height="442" width="884"]]
	813
	814
66.2	815	=== 5.6.2 LogRead ~-~-> System Log ===
50.3	816
	817	Show the system log
	818
73.5	819	[[image:1652430369760-511.png\|\|height="373" width="730"]]
50.3	820
66.2	821	= 6. More features =
50.3	822
66.2	823	== 6.1 More instructions ==
50.3	824
80.12	825	[[LoRaWAN Gateway Instruction>>doc:Main.WebHome]](LoRaWAN Gateway)
50.3	826
80.12	827
66.2	828	= 7. Linux System =
50.3	829
	830	The DLOS8N is based on the OpenWrt Linux system. It is open source, and users are free to configure and modify the Linux settings.
	831
66.2	832	== 7.1 SSH Access for Linux console ==
50.3	833
	834	User can access the Linux console via the SSH protocol. Make sure your PC and the DLOS8N are connected to the same network, then use a SSH tool (such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]] in Windows) to access it.
	835
	836	IP address: IP address of DLOS8N
	837
	838	Port: 22 (via WiFi AP mode) or 2222 (via WAN Interface)
	839
71.2	840	User Name: (% style="color:green" %)root
50.3	841
71.2	842	Password: (% style="color:green" %)dragino (% style="color:black" %)(default)
50.3	843
	844	After logging in, you will be in the Linux console and can enter commands as shown below.
	845
73.5	846	[[image:1652431588565-830.png]]
50.3	847
71.2	848	The “(% class="mark" %)logread -f(%%)” command can be used to debug how system runs.
50.3	849
73.5	850	[[image:1652431609193-637.png\|\|height="214" width="732"]]
71.2	851
80.13	852
67.3	853	== 7.2 Edit and Transfer files ==
50.3	854
78.5	855	(((
71.2	856	The DLOS8N supports the (% style="color:green" %)SCP protocol (% style="color:black" %)and has a built-in (% style="color:green" %)SFTP server. (% style="color:black" %)There are many ways to edit and transfer files using these protocols.
78.5	857	)))
50.3	858
78.5	859	(((
50.3	860	In Windows, one of the easiest methods is using the [[WinSCP>>url:https://winscp.net/eng/index.php]] utility.
78.5	861	)))
50.3	862
78.5	863	(((
50.3	864	After establishing access via WinSCP to the device, you can use an FTP style window to drag / drop files to the DLOS8N, or edit the files directly in the windows.
78.5	865	)))
50.3	866
78.5	867	(((
50.3	868	Screenshot is as below:
78.5	869	)))
50.3	870
73.5	871	[[image:1652431650755-450.png]]
50.3	872
	873
71.3	874	== 7.3 File System ==
	875
78.6	876	(((
50.3	877	The DLOS8N has a 16MB flash and a 64MB RAM. The /var and /tmp directories are in the RAM, so contents stored in /tmp and /var will be erased after rebooting the device. Other directories are in the flash and will remain after reboot.
78.6	878	)))
50.3	879
78.6	880	(((
50.3	881	The Linux system uses around 8MB ~~10MB flash size which means there is not much room for user to store data in the DLOS8N flash.
78.6	882	)))
50.3	883
78.6	884	(((
50.3	885	You can use an external USB flash memory device to extend the size of flash memory for storage.
78.6	886	)))
50.3	887
71.6	888
71.3	889	== 7.4 Package maintenance system ==
50.3	890
71.3	891	DLOS8N uses the OpenWrt [[OPKG package maintenance system>>https://oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg]]. There are more than 3000+ packages available in our package server for users to install for their applications. For example, if you want to add the //iperf // tool, you can install the related packages and configure DLOS8N to use //iperf //.
50.3	892
78.6	893	(((
71.3	894	Below are some example //opkg // commands. For more information please refer to the [[OPKG package maintain system>>https://oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg]] ([[https:~~/~~/oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg>>https://oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg]])
78.6	895	)))
50.3	896
78.6	897	(((
71.6	898	In Linux Console run:
78.6	899	)))
50.3	900
71.6	901	(((
71.7	902	(% style="color:green" %)root@dragino-169d30:~~# opkg update (% style="color:black" %)~/~/ to get the latest packages list
71.6	903	)))
50.3	904
71.6	905	(((
	906	(% style="color:green" %)root@dragino-169d30:~~# opkg list (% style="color:black" %) ~/~/shows the available packages
	907	)))
50.3	908
71.6	909	(((
	910	(% style="color:green" %)root@dragino-169d30:~~# opkg install iperf (% style="color:black" %)~/~/ install iperf
	911	)))
50.3	912
	913	The system will automatically install the required packages as shown below.
	914
	915
71.6	916	(((
71.7	917	(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//root@dragino-169d30:/etc/opkg# opkg install iperf//
71.6	918	)))
50.3	919
71.6	920	(((
71.7	921	(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Installing iperf (2.0.12-1) to root…//
71.6	922	)))
50.3	923
71.6	924	(((
73.3	925	(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Downloading //[[(% style="background-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); background-color: rgb(220, 220, 220)" %)//http:~~/~~/downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/packages/mips_24kc/base/iperf_2.0.12-1_mips_24kc.ipk//>>url:http://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/packages/mips_24kc/base/iperf_2.0.12-1_mips_24kc.ipk]]
71.6	926	)))
50.3	927
71.6	928	(((
71.7	929	(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Installing uclibcxx (0.2.4-3) to root…//
71.6	930	)))
50.3	931
71.6	932	(((
73.3	933	(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Downloading //[[(% style="background-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); background-color: rgb(220, 220, 220)" %)//http:~~/~~/downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/packages/mips_24kc/base/uclibcxx_0.2.4-3_mips_24kc.ipk//>>url:http://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/packages/mips_24kc/base/uclibcxx_0.2.4-3_mips_24kc.ipk]]
71.6	934	)))
50.3	935
71.6	936	(((
71.7	937	(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Configuring uclibcxx.//
71.6	938	)))
50.3	939
71.6	940	(((
71.7	941	(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Configuring iperf.//
71.6	942	)))
50.3	943
73.2	944	= 8. Upgrade Linux Firmware =
50.3	945
71.7	946
73.2	947	= 9. FAQ =
	948
71.6	949	== 9.1 How can I configure for a customized frequency band? ==
50.3	950
78.6	951	(((
80.10	952	See below link for how to customize frequency band: [[How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band>>doc:Main.How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band.WebHome]]
78.6	953	)))
50.3	954
78.6	955	(((
80.10	956
78.6	957	)))
50.3	958
71.6	959	== 9.2 Can I connect DLOS8N to LORIOT? ==
50.3	960
80.10	961	Yes, the set up instruction is here: [[Notes for LORIOT>>doc:Main.Notes for LORIOT.WebHome]]
50.3	962
73.2	963
71.6	964	== 9.3 Can I make my own firmware for the gateway, where can I find the source code? ==
50.3	965
78.6	966	(((
50.3	967	Yes, You can make your own firmware for the DLOS8N for branding purposes or to add customized applications.
78.6	968	)))
50.3	969
78.6	970	(((
50.3	971	The source code and compile instructions can be found at: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/openwrt_lede-18.06>>url:https://github.com/dragino/openwrt_lede-18.06]]
78.6	972	)))
50.3	973
73.2	974
71.6	975	== 9.4 Can I use 868Mhz version for 915Mhz bands? ==
50.3	976
	977	It is possible but the distance will be very short, you can select US915 frequency band in 868Mhz version hardware. It will work but you will see the performance is greatly decreased because the 868Mhz version has an RF filter for band 863~~870Mhz, all other frequencies will have high attenuation.
	978
71.7	979
73.2	980	= 10. Trouble Shooting =
	981
71.6	982	== 10.1 I get kernel error when install new package, how to fix? ==
50.3	983
	984	In some cases, when installing a package with //opkg//, it will generate a kernel error such as below due to a mismatch I the kernel ID:
	985
73.3	986	(% style="background-color:yellow" %)root@dragino-16c538:~~# opkg install kmod-dragino2-si3217x_3.10.49+0.2-1_ar71xx.ipk
50.3	987
73.5	988	(% style="background-color:yellow" %)Installing kmod-dragino2-si3217x (3.10.49+0.2-1) to root…
50.3	989
73.3	990	(% style="background-color:yellow" %)Collected errors:
50.3	991
73.3	992	(% style="background-color:yellow" %)* satisfy_dependencies_for: Cannot satisfy the following dependencies for kmod-dragino2-si3217x:
50.3	993
73.3	994	(% style="background-color:yellow" %)* kernel (= 3.10.49-1-4917516478a753314254643facdf360a) *
50.3	995
73.3	996	(% style="background-color:yellow" %)* opkg_install_cmd: Cannot install package kmod-dragino2-si3217x.
50.3	997
78.6	998	(((
50.3	999	In this case, you can use the –force-depends option to install such package as long as the actual kernel version is the same.
78.6	1000	)))
50.3	1001
73.3	1002	(% style="background-color:yellow" %)Opkg install kmod-dragino2-si3217x_3.10.49+0.2-1_ar71xx.ipk –force-depends
50.3	1003
73.2	1004
71.6	1005	== 10.2 How to recover the DLOS8N if the firmware crashes ==
50.3	1006
78.6	1007	(((
80.11	1008	Please follow this instruction to recover your gateway: [[Recover Gateway>>doc:Main.How to Recover Gateway if can't access it.WebHome]]
78.6	1009	)))
50.3	1010
78.6	1011	(((
80.11	1012
78.6	1013	)))
50.3	1014
71.6	1015	== 10.3 I configured DLOS8N for WiFi access and lost its IP. What to do now? ==
50.3	1016
73.5	1017	[[image:1652435238615-272.png\|\|height="247" width="727"]]
50.3	1018
78.6	1019	(((
50.3	1020	The DLOS8N has a fall-back IP address on its WAN port. This IP is always enabled so you can use the fall-back IP to access DLOS8N no matter what the WiFi IP is. The fall back IP is useful for connecting and debug the unit.
78.6	1021	)))
50.3	1022
73.5	1023	(% style="color:red" %)Note: fallback IP can be disabled in the WAN and DHCP page.
50.3	1024
	1025
	1026	Steps to connect via fall back IP:
	1027
73.2	1028	~1. Connect PC’s Ethernet port to DLOS8N’s WAN port
	1029
	1030	2. Configure PC’s Ethernet port has
73.5	1031	IP: 172.31.255.253 and
	1032	Netmask: 255.255.255.252
50.3	1033
	1034	As below photo:
	1035
73.5	1036	[[image:1652435256286-879.png]]
50.3	1037
73.2	1038	3. In the PC, use IP address 172.31.255.254 to access the DLOS8N via Web or Console.
50.3	1039
	1040	Please note the latest firmware uses port 8000 for http and 2222 for ssh access.
	1041
73.5	1042
71.7	1043	= 11. Order Info =
50.3	1044
73.6	1045	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %) //PART: DLOS8N-XXX-YYY//:
50.3	1046
73.6	1047	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %) //XXX: Frequency Band//
50.3	1048
73.6	1049	* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %) 868(% style="color:black" %) : valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865 or KZ865.
	1050	* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %) 915(% style="color:black" %): valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920
50.3	1051
73.6	1052	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %) //YYY: 4G Cellular Option//
50.3	1053
73.6	1054	* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %) E(% style="color:black" %): EMEA, Korea, Thailand, India.
	1055	* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %) A(% style="color:black" %): North America/ Rogers/AT&T/T-Mobile.
	1056	* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %) AU(% style="color:black" %): Latin America, New Zeland, Taiwan
	1057	* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %) J(% style="color:black" %): Japan, DOCOMO/SoftBank/ KDDI
50.3	1058
	1059	More info about valid bands, please see [[EC25-E product page>>url:https://www.quectel.com/product/ec25.htm]].
	1060
73.6	1061
71.7	1062	= 12. Packing Info =
50.3	1063
78.6	1064	(((
50.3	1065	Package Includes:
78.6	1066	)))
50.3	1067
	1068	* DLOS8N LoRaWAN Gateway x 1
	1069	* Stick Antenna for LoRa RF part. Frequency is one of 470 or 868 or 915Mhz depends the model ordered
	1070	* Packaging with environmental protection paper box
	1071
78.6	1072	(((
50.3	1073	Dimension and weight:
78.6	1074	)))
50.3	1075
	1076	* Device Size: 12 x 12 x 3 cm
	1077	* Weight: 187g
	1078	* Package Size: 14.5 x 13.5 x 6 cm
	1079	* Weight: 300g
	1080
71.7	1081	= 13. Support =
50.3	1082
80.15	1083	* Try to see if your questions already answered in the [[wiki>>doc:Main.WebHome]].
50.3	1084	* Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8.
	1085	Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before mentioned schedule.
71.7	1086	* Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to:[[support@dragino.com>>url:file:///C:/Users/11315/Documents/D:/Projects/LoRa%20Product%20Line/LG308%20Picocell%20Gateway/LG308/LG308%20%25E8%25AF%25B4%25E6%2598%258E%25E4%25B9%25A6/support@dragino.com]]

Wiki source code of LPS8N - LoRaWAN Gateway User Manual

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