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Version 134.1 by Xiaoling on 2022/07/06 18:21
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1 (% style="text-align:center" %)
2 [[image:1656917428377-954.png||height="475" width="475"]]
3
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7 **Table of Contents：**
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21 (% style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:29px" %)1.  Introduction
22
23 == 1.1  What is the LPS8N ==
24
25
26
27 (((
28 The LPS8N is an (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**open source LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway**(%%). It lets you bridge LoRa wireless network to an IP network via WiFi, Ethernet, 3G or 4G cellular network. The LoRa wireless allows users to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data-rates.
29 )))
30
31 (((
32 The LPS8N uses (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Semtech packet forwarder**(%%) & (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**LoRaWAN Station connection**(%%) and fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It includes a (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**SX1302 LoRaWAN concentrator**(%%), which provides 10 programmable parallel demodulation paths.
33 )))
34
35 (((
36 LPS8N has (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**pre-configured standard LoRaWAN frequency bands**(%%) to use for different countries. User can also (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**customized the frequency bands** (%%)to use in their own LoRa network.
37 )))
38
39 (((
40 LPS8N can communicate with ABP LoRaWAN end node without LoRaWAN server. System integrator can use it to integrate with their existing IoT Service without set up own LoRaWAN server or use 3rd party LoRaWAN service.
41 )))
42
43 (((
44
45 )))
46
47 [[image:1656918270059-192.png]]
48
49
50 == 1.2  Specifications ==
51
52
53 (% style="color:#037691" %)**Hardware System:**
54
55 (((
56 Linux Part:
57 )))
58
59 * 400Mhz ar9331 processor
60 * 64MB RAM
61 * 16MB Flash
62
63 (% style="color:#037691" %)**Interface:**
64
65 * 10M/100M RJ45 Ports x 1
66 * WiFi : 802.11 b/g/n
67 * LoRaWAN Wireless
68 * Power Input: 5V DC, 2A, Type C
69 * USB 2.0 host connector x 1
70 * Mini-PCI E connector x 1
71 * SX1302 + 2 x SX1250
72
73 (% style="color:#037691" %)**WiFi Spec:**
74
75 * IEEE 802.11 b/g/n
76 * Frequency Band: 2.4 ~~ 2.462GHz
77 * Tx power:
78 ** 11n tx power : mcs7/15: 11db     mcs0 : 17db
79 ** 11b tx power: 18db
80 ** 11g 54M tx power: 12db
81 ** 11g 6M tx power: 18db
82 * Wifi Sensitivity
83 ** 11g 54M : -71dbm
84 ** 11n 20M : -67dbm
85
86 (% style="color:#037691" %)**LoRa Spec:**
87
88 * Up to -140 dBm sensitivity
89 * 70 dB CW interferer rejection at 1 MHz offset
90 * Able to operate with negative SNR, CCR up to 9dB
91 * Emulates 49 x LoRa demodulators and 1 x (G)FSK demodulator
92 * Dual digital TX & RX radio front-end interfaces
93 * 10 programmable parallel demodulation paths
94 * Dynamic data-rate (DDR) adaptation
95 * True antenna diversity or simultaneous dual-band operation
96
97 (% style="color:#037691" %)**Cellular 4G LTE (optional):**
98
99 * Quectel [[**EC25 LTE module**>>url:https://www.quectel.com/product/ec25minipcie.htm]]
100 * Micro SIM Slot
101 * External 4G Sticker Antenna.
102 * Up to 150Mbps downlink and 50Mbps uplink data rates
103 * Worldwide LTE,UMTS/HSPA+ and GSM/GPRS/EDGE coverage
104 * MIMO technology meets demands for data rate and link reliability in modem wireless communication systems
105
106
107
108
109 == 1.3  Features ==
110
111 * Open Source OpenWrt system
112 * Managed by Web GUI, SSH via WAN or WiFi
113 * Remote access with Reverse-SSH or remote.it
114 * Emulates 49x LoRa demodulators
115 * LoRaWAN Gateway
116 * 10 programmable parallel demodulation paths
117 * Pre-configure to support different LoRaWAN regional settings.
118 * Allow to customize LoRaWAN regional parameters.
119 * Support Local decode ABP end node info and transfer to MQTT server
120 * Support different level log in.
121 * Support Semtech Packet Forwarder
122 * Support LoRaWAN basic station.
123 * Optional 3G/4G cellular connection
124
125
126
127
128 == 1.4  Hardware System Structure ==
129
130 [[image:1657079015096-949.png]]
131
132
133 == 1.5  LPS8N Applications ==
134
135 [[image:1657079055940-721.png]]
136
137
138 == 1.6  LED Indicators ==
139
140
141 LPS8N has totally four LEDs, They are:
142
143 * **Power LED **[[image:image-20220706115518-1.png||height="15" width="16"]] : This (% style="color:red" %)**RED LED**(%%) will be **solid on** if the device is properly powered.
144 * **LoRa LED   **[[image:image-20220706115518-2.png||height="15" width="15"]] : This **RGB LED** will** (% style="color:green" %)blink GREEN(%%)** when LoRaWAN module starts or transmit a packet.
145 * **SYS LED    ** [[image:image-20220706115518-3.png||height="16" width="16"]] : This **RGB LED** will shows different colors on different state:
146 ** (% style="color:blue" %)**SOLID BLUE**(%%): Device is alive with LoRaWAN server connection.
147 ** (% style="color:blue" %)**BLINKING BLUE**(%%): a) Device has internet connection but no LoRaWAN Connection.  or  b) Device is in booting stage, in this stage, it will (% style="color:blue" %)**BLINKING BLUE**(%%) for several seconds and then with (% style="color:red" %)**SOLID RED**(%%) and (% style="color:blue" %)**BLINKING BLUE**(%%) together
148 ** (% style="color:red" %)**SOLID RED**(%%): Device doesn't have Internet connection.
149
150 * **ETH LED    **[[image:image-20220706115518-4.png||height="15" width="17"]] :  This LED shows the ETH interface connection status.
151
152
153
154
155 = 2.  Access and Configure LPS8N =
156
157 (((
158 The LPS8N is configured as a WiFi Access Point by factory default. You can access and configure the LPS8N after connecting to its WiFi network, or via its WAN Ethernet port.
159 )))
160
161
162 == 2.1  Find IP address of LPS8N ==
163
164 === 2.1.1  Connect via WiFi ===
165
166 [[image:1657085974260-168.png]]
167
168
169 At the first boot of LPS8N, it will auto generate a WiFi network called (% style="color:green" %)**//dragino-xxxxxx //**(% style="color:black" %)with password: (% style="background-color:yellow" %)dragino+dragino
170
171 [[image:1652413127647-377.png]]
172
173
174 (((
175 User can use a PC to connect to this WiFi network. The PC will get an IP address 10.130.1.xxx and the DLOS8N has the default IP (% style="color:green" %)10.130.1.1
176
177
178
179 )))
180
181 === 2.1.2  Connect via Ethernet with DHCP IP from router ===
182
183 [[image:1657086105922-299.png]]
184
185
186 (((
187 Alternatively, connect the LPS8N Ethernet port to your router and DLOS8N will obtain an IP address from your router. In the router's management portal, you should be able to find what IP address the router has assigned to the LPS8N. You can also use this IP to connect.
188
189
190
191 )))
192
193 === 2.1.3  Connect via WiFi with DHCP IP from router ===
194
195 [[image:1657086192720-649.png]]
196
197
198 If the LPS8N already connect to the router via WiFi, use can use the WiFi IP to connect to LPS8N.
199
200
201
202 === 2.1.4  Connect via Ethernet with fall back ip ===
203
204 The WAN port also has a [[fall back ip address>>||anchor="H10.3A0IconfiguredLPS8NforWiFiaccessandlostitsIP.Whattodonow3F"]] for access if user doesn't connect to uplink router. Click [[here>>||anchor="H10.3A0IconfiguredLPS8NforWiFiaccessandlostitsIP.Whattodonow3F"]] to see how to configure.
205
206
207
208 == 2.2  Access Configure Web UI ==
209
210 **Web Interface**
211
212 Open a browser on the PC and type the LPS8N ip address (depends on your connect method)
213
214 [[http:~~/~~/10.130.1.1/>>url:http://10.130.1.1/]] (Access via WiFi AP network)
215
216 or
217
218 http:~/~/IP_ADDRESS or [[http:~~/~~/ IP_ADDRESS:8000>>url:http://192.168.1.xx:8000]]
219
220
221 You will see the login interface of LPS8N as shown below.
222
223 The account details for Web Login are:
224
225 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**User Name: root**
226
227 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Password:   dragino**
228
229 [[image:1652414287022-223.png]]
230
231
232
233 = 3.  Typical Network Setup =
234
235 == 3.1  Overview ==
236
237 The LPS8N supports flexible network set up for different environments. This section describes the typical network topology. The network set up includes:
238
239 * **WAN Port Internet Mode**
240 * **WiFi Client Mode**
241 * **WiFi AP Mode**
242
243
244
245
246 == 3.2  Use WAN port to access Internet ==
247
248 By default, the LPS8N is set to use the WAN port to connect to an upstream network. When you connect the LPS8N's WAN port to an upstream router, LPS8N will get an IP address from the router and have Internet access via the upstream router. The network status can be checked in the (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**home page**:
249
250
251 [[image:1657088560833-398.png]]
252
253
254 == 3.3  Access the Internet as a WiFi Client ==
255
256 In the WiFi Client Mode, DLOS8N acts as a WiFi client and gets DHCP from an upstream router via WiFi.
257
258 (((
259 The settings for WiFi Client is under page (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**System~-~-> WiFi ~-~-> WiFi WAN Client Settings**
260
261 [[image:1657088818095-182.png]]
262 )))
263
264
265 (((
266 In the WiFi Survey Choose the WiFi AP, and input the Passphrase then click Save & Apply to connect.
267
268
269 )))
270
271 == 3.4  Use built-in 4G modem for internet access ==
272
273 (((
274 (((
275 If the LPS8N has 3G/4G Cellular modem, user can use it as main internet connection or back up.
276 )))
277
278
279 (((
280 First, install the Micro SIM card as below direction
281 )))
282
283 (((
284 Second, Power off/ ON LPS8N to let it detect the SIM card.
285 )))
286 )))
287
288
289 [[image:1657090855037-497.png]]
290
291 (((
292
293 )))
294
295 (((
296 The set up page is (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**System ~-~-> Cellular**
297 )))
298
299 (((
300 While use the cellular as Backup WAN, device will use Cellular for internet connection while WAN port or WiFi is not valid and switch back to WAN port or WiFi after they recover.
301 )))
302
303 (((
304 [[image:1657090932270-444.png]]
305 )))
306
307
308 == 3.5  Check Internet connection ==
309
310 In the (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**home**(%%) page, we can check the Internet connection.
311
312 * GREEN Tick ​​​​ [[image:1652436675869-206.png||height="14" width="15"]] : This interface has Internet connection.
313 * Yellow  Tick  [[image:1652436705761-420.png||height="15" width="15"]] : This interface has IP address but don't use it for internet connection.
314 * RED Cross    [[image:1652436787176-950.png||height="14" width="15"]] : This interface doesn't connected.
315
316 [[image:1657091099235-452.png]]
317
318
319
320 = 4.  Example: Configure as a LoRaWAN gateway =
321
322 LPS8N is fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It uses the legacy Semtech Packet forwarder to forward the LoRaWAN packets to server. The structure is as below.
323
324 (((
325 [[image:1657091257648-882.png]]
326 )))
327
328 (((
329 This chapter describes how to use the DLOS8Nto work with (TTN v3)[[ LoRaWAN Server>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]]  ([[www.thethingsnetwork.org>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]])
330 )))
331
332
333
334 == 4.1  Create a gateway in TTN V3 Server ==
335
336 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Step 1: Get a Unique gateway ID.**
337
338 (((
339 Every LPS8N has a unique gateway id. The ID can be found at LoRaWAN page:
340 )))
341
342 (((
343 [[image:1657091583941-544.png]]
344 )))
345
346 The example gateway id is: (% style="color:green" %)**a840411e96744154**
347
348
349 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Step 2: Sign up a user account in TTN server**
350
351 [[**https:~~/~~/account.thethingsnetwork.org/register**>>url:https://account.thethingsnetwork.org/register]]
352
353 [[image:1657091739530-531.png]]
354
355
356 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Step 3: Choose the TTNv3 Cluster Picker**
357
358 (((
359 [[image:1657091719947-297.png]]
360 )))
361
362 (% style="color:red" %)**Note: Choose the cluster corresponds to a specific Gateway server address**
363
364
365 * Europe 1** (% style="color:red" %)corresponding Gateway server address:(%%)**(% style="color:red" %) (% style="color:black" %)eu1.cloud.thethings.network
366 * North America 1 (% style="color:red" %)**corresponding Gateway server address: **(% style="color:black" %)nam1.cloud.thethings.network
367 * Australia 1 (% style="color:red" %)**corresponding Gateway server address: **(% style="color:black" %)au1.cloud.thethings.network
368 * Legacy V2 Console : (% style="color:red" %)**TTN v2 shuts down in December 2021**
369
370 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Step 4: Create a Gateway**
371
372 [[image:1657091941182-367.png]]
373
374 Click the Gateway icon and then click Add gateway.
375
376
377 Open the following page:
378
379
380 [[image:image-20220706155323-5.png||height="579" width="1060"]]
381
382
383 [[image:image-20220706155323-6.png||height="582" width="1066"]]
384
385
386 (((
387 (% style="color:red" %)**Notice: **Gateway Server address must match the gateway configuration, otherwise you will have problem for End Node to join the network.
388 )))
389
390 After creating the gateway, you can see the gateway info, as below.
391
392 [[image:1657094130908-567.png]](% style="display:none" %)
393
394
395 == 4.2  Configure DLOS8N to connect to TTN v3 ==
396
397 (((
398 You can now configure the LPS8N to let it connect to TTN network V3.
399 )))
400
401 (((
402 Make sure your LPS8N has a working Internet Connection first.
403 )))
404
405 (((
406 Choose the right server provider and click (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Save&Apply**
407 )))
408
409 [[image:1657094183213-301.png]]
410
411 (% style="color:red" %)**Note: **The server address must match the Gateway server address you choose in TTN V3.
412
413
414 In the home page, we can see the LoRaWAN connection is ready now.
415
416 [[image:1657094202420-798.png]]
417
418
419 In TTN v3 portal, we can also see the gateway is connected.
420
421 [[image:1657094221515-510.png]]
422
423
424 == 4.3  Configure frequency ==
425
426 We also need to set the frequency plan in LPS8N to match the end node we use, so to receive the LoRaWAN packets from the LoRaWAN sensor.
427
428 [[image:1657094249818-468.png]]
429
430
431 In logread page, user can check the frequency actually used.
432
433 [[image:1657094333704-207.png]]
434
435
436 == 4.4  Add a LoRaWAN End Device ==
437
438 (((
439 This section shows how to add a LoRaWAN End device to a LoRaWAN network and see the data from TTN web site.
440 )))
441
442 (((
443 We use [[LT-22222-L>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-end-node/item/156-lt-22222-l.html]] IO Controller as a reference device - the setup for other LoRaWAN devices will be similar.
444 )))
445
446 [[image:1652422794767-871.png]]
447
448 (((
449 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Step 1**: (% style="color:black" %)Create a Device definition in TTN v3 with the OTAA keys from the example LT-22222-L IO Controller device.
450
451
452 )))
453
454 (((
455 Three codes are required to define the device in TTN v3:
456 )))
457
458 * DEV EUI - Unique ID code for a particular device.
459 * APP EUI - ID code for an Application defined in TTN v3.
460 * APP Key - Unique key to secure communications with a particular device.
461
462 (((
463 A set of these codes are stored in each device by the manufacturer as the default codes for that particular device. Each device is shipped with a sticker with the default Device EUI as shown below.
464 )))
465
466 [[image:1657094382177-591.png]]
467
468 (((
469 (% style="color:red" %)Note: You may be able to change these codes in a device by using a configuration facility on the device e.g. the LT-22222 uses a serial port access and a series of AT commands.  Changing the codes may be necessary in the case where you have to use codes assigned by a LoRa WAN server.
470
471
472 )))
473
474 (((
475 For the TTN v3 server, you can use the codes set in the device as in the following example.
476 )))
477
478 (((
479 Select **Add Application** to open the screen below.
480 )))
481
482 [[image:1657094417175-831.png]]
483
484 Open the **Application **select** Add end device**
485
486
487 Start Register the end device
488
489 [[image:1657094444802-101.png]]
490
491 (((
492 Select OTAA activation mode
493
494
495 )))
496
497 (((
498 The LoRaWAN version for your device should be provided by the manufacturer in a datasheet as LoRaWAN version or LoRaWAN specification. The most commonly used LoRaWAN versions are v1.0.2 and v1.0.3.
499 )))
500
501 [[image:1657094475730-208.png]]
502
503 First, input the End device ID, AppEUI and DevEUI.
504
505
506 [[image:1657094646429-966.png]]
507
508 Secondly, choose the corresponding frequency and LoRaWAN class capabilities.
509
510
511 [[image:1657094674045-755.png]]
512
513 (((
514 Finally, Application layer settings input the corresponding AppKey. Before saving the configuration, check that the data matches the device.
515
516
517 )))
518
519 (((
520 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Step 2**: (% style="color:black" %)Power on LT-22222-L device and it will automatically join the TTN network. After joining successfully, it will start to upload messages to the TTN v3. Select the Live data tab and you will see the data appearing in the panel.
521 )))
522
523 (((
524 (% style="color:red" %)Note that it may take some time for the device data to appear in the TTN v3 display.
525 )))
526
527 [[image:1657094791060-639.png]]
528
529
530 = 5.  Web Configure Pages =
531
532 == 5.1  Home ==
533
534 Shows the system running status.
535
536 [[image:1657094893942-726.png]]
537
538
539 == 5.2  LoRa Settings ==
540
541 === 5.2.1  LoRa ~-~-> LoRa ===
542
543 (((
544 This page shows the LoRa Radio Settings. There are a set of default frequency band according to LoRaWAN protocol, and user can customized the band* as well.
545 )))
546
547 (((
548 Different LPS8N hardware version can support different frequency range:
549 )))
550
551 * (% style="color:blue" %)**868**(%%): valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865 or KZ865.
552 * (% style="color:blue" %)**915**(%%): valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920
553
554 (((
555
556
557 After user choose the frequency plan, he can see the actually frequency in used by checking the page (% style="color:green" %)**LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log**
558 )))
559
560 [[image:1657094930903-357.png]]
561
562 Note *: **[[See this instruction for how to customize frequency band>>doc:Main.How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band.WebHome]]**
563
564
565 === 5.2.2 LoRa ~-~-> ABP Decryption ===
566
567 The LPS8N can communicate with LoRaWAN ABP End Node without the need of LoRaWAN server. It can be used in some cases such as:
568
569 * No internet connection.
570 * User wants to get data forward in gateway and forward to their server based on MQTT/HTTP, etc. (Combine ABP communication method and [[MQTT forward together>>doc:Main.MQTT Forward Instruction.WebHome]]).
571
572 (((
573 Detail of this feature: **[[Communication with ABP End Node>>doc:Main.Communicate with ABP End Node without LoRaWAN Network Server --- LG308.WebHome]]**
574 )))
575
576 [[image:1657095412271-942.png]]
577
578
579 == 5.3  LoRaWAN Settings ==
580
581 === 5.3.1  LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN ===
582
583 This page is for the connection set up to a general LoRaWAN Network server such as: [[TTN>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]], [[ChirpStack>>url:https://www.chirpstack.io/]] etc
584
585 [[image:1652423628833-467.png||height="357" width="755"]]
586
587 (% style="color:red" %)**Note:**
588
589 ~*: User can ignore the latitude and longitude settings here, LPS8N will use the actually value from GPS module.
590
591 ~**: Packet filter is to drop the unwanted LoRaWAN packet, instruction see here:
592
593 **See:** **[[Filter unwanted LoRaWAN packets>>doc:Main.Filter unwanted LoRaWAN packets.WebHome]]**
594
595
596 === 5.3.2  LoRaWAN ~-~-> Amazon AWS-IoT ===
597
598 [[image:1652428499323-384.png||height="275" width="723"]]
599
600 (((
601 Please see this instruction to know more detail and demo for how to connect to **[[AWS-IoT LoRaWAN Core>>doc:Main.AWS IoT Core for LoRaWAN.WebHome]].**
602
603
604 )))
605
606 === 5.3.3 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LORIOT ===
607
608 (((
609 Settings to communicate to LORIOT LoRaWAN Network Server: [[https:~~/~~/www.loriot.io/>>url:https://www.loriot.io/]]
610 )))
611
612 (((
613 Instruction: **[[Notes for LORIOT>>doc:Main.Notes for LORIOT.WebHome]]**
614 )))
615
616 [[image:1652428648903-878.png||height="266" width="731"]]
617
618
619 == 5.4 MQTT Settings ==
620
621 If end nodes works in ABP mode, user can configure DLOS8N to transfer the data to MQTT broker,
622
623 Instruction: **[[MQTT Forward Instruction>>doc:Main.MQTT Forward Instruction.WebHome]]**
624
625
626 [[image:1652428705046-212.png||height="417" width="733"]]
627
628
629 == 5.5 System ==
630
631 === 5.5.1 System ~-~-> System Overview ===
632
633 Shows the system info:
634
635 [[image:1652428773760-580.png||height="408" width="728"]]
636
637 === 5.5.2 System ~-~-> General ( login settings) ===
638
639 [[image:1652428861256-300.png||height="354" width="724"]]
640
641 (((
642 **__System Password:__**
643 )))
644
645 (((
646 There are two login for DLOS8N: (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)root /dragino (% style="color:black" %)or (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)admin /dragino. (% style="color:black" %)Both root and admin has the same right for WEB access. But root user has also the right to access via SSH to Linux system. admin only able to access WEB interface.
647 )))
648
649 (((
650 This page can be used to set the password for them.
651 )))
652
653 (((
654 **__Timezone:__**Set device timezone.
655 )))
656
657 (((
658 **__Port forwarding:__**Enable/Disable the HTTP and SSH access via WAN interface.
659 )))
660
661 === 5.5.3 System ~-~-> Network ===
662
663 [[image:1652429149053-824.png||height="467" width="725"]]
664
665 (((
666 **__LAN Settings:__**When the DLOS8N has the AP enable, LAN settings specify the network info for DLOS8N’s own network.
667 )))
668
669 (((
670 __**WAN Settings:**__Setting for DLOS8N WAN port
671 )))
672
673 (((
674 __**WiFi Settings:**__Setting for DLOS8N WiFi IP when use it as WiFi Client
675
676
677 )))
678
679 === 5.5.4 System ~-~-> WiFi ===
680
681 DLOS8N WiFi Settings.
682
683 [[image:1652429430767-921.png||height="367" width="723"]]
684
685 === 5.5.5 System ~-~-> Cellular ===
686
687 While use the cellular as Backup WAN, device will use Cellular for internet connection while WAN port or WiFi is not valid and switch back to WAN port or WiFi after they recover.
688
689 [[image:1652429309615-825.png||height="320" width="732"]]
690
691 (% style="color:red" %)Note *: For DLOS8N which doesn’t have the cellular module, this page will shows Cellular not detected.
692
693 === 5.5.6 System ~-~-> Network Status ===
694
695 [[image:1652429486609-208.png||height="415" width="728"]]
696
697 === 5.5.7 System ~-~-> Remote Mgnt & Auto Provision ===
698
699 Auto Provision is the feature for batch configure and remote management. It can be used in below two cases:
700
701 [[image:1652429518191-846.png||height="332" width="733"]]
702
703 [[image:1652429527544-247.png||height="327" width="724"]]
704
705 [[image:1652429537849-154.png||height="339" width="722"]]
706
707 Please see this document for detail:
708
709 (((
710 [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Application_Note/&file=Auto-update-feature.pdf>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Application_Note/&file=Auto-update-feature.pdf]]
711 )))
712
713
714 R-SSH is for remote access device and management, introduction for how to use: **[[Remote Access Gateway>>doc:Main.Remote Access Gateway.WebHome]]**
715
716 [[image:1652429624400-864.png||height="432" width="716"]]
717
718
719 === 5.5.8 System ~-~-> Firmware Upgrade ===
720
721 We keep improving the DLOS8N Linux side firmware for new features and bug fixes. Below are the links for reference.
722
723 * **Latest firmware**: [[LoRa Gateway Firmware>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/]],
724
725 ( [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/]] )
726
727 * **Change Log**: [[Firmware Change Log>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/ChangeLog]].
728
729 ( [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/ChangeLog>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/ChangeLog]] )
730
731 (((
732 The file named as (% style="color:green" %)**xxxxx–xxxxx-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin **(% style="color:black" %)is the upgrade Image. There are different methods to upgrade, as below.
733 )))
734
735 (((
736 (% style="color:green" %)**Web~-~-> System~-~-> Firmware Upgrade**
737 )))
738
739 [[image:1652429711145-862.png||height="270" width="737"]]
740
741 Select the required image and click **Flash Image.** The image will be uploaded to the device, and then click **Process Update** to upgrade.
742
743 (% style="color:red" %)**NOTE**: (% style="color:black" %)You normally need to **//uncheck//** the **Preserve Settings** checkbox when doing an upgrade to ensure that there is no conflict between the old settings and the new firmware. The new firmware will start up with its default settings.
744
745 The system will automatically boot into the new firmware after upgrade.
746
747 [[image:1652429962190-224.png||height="358" width="729"]]
748
749 (% style="color:red" %)**NOTE***(%%): User can also upgrade firmware via Linux console
750
751 SCP the firmware to the system(% style="color:green" %)**/var**(%%)** **directory and then run
752
753 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**//root@OpenWrt:~~# /sbin/sysupgrade –n /var/Your_Image//**
754
755 (% style="color:red" %)**NOTE**(%%) : it is important to transfer the image in the /var directory, otherwise it may exceed the available flash size.
756
757 === 5.5.9 System ~-~-> Reboot/Reset ===
758
759 [[image:1652430197132-330.png||height="256" width="724"]]
760
761 (((
762
763 )))
764
765 === 5.5.10 System ~-~-> Package Maintain ===
766
767 [[image:1652430243826-126.png||height="289" width="723"]]
768
769 Place to show what package has installed and possible to upgrade packages.
770
771 == 5.6 LogRead ==
772
773 === 5.6.1 LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log ===
774
775
776 Show the frequency for LoRa Radio and traffics.
777
778 [[image:image-20220615204306-1.png||height="575" width="733"]]
779
780
781 Show the IoT Server Connection State and FWD State
782
783 [[image:image-20220616083933-1.png||height="556" width="729"]]
784
785 DLOS8 can view GPS location in the Logread FWD State
786
787
788 Show the Error logs, RxTxJson lorawan packages, and PULL State
789
790 [[image:image-20220615205416-6.png||height="442" width="884"]]
791
792
793 === 5.6.2 LogRead ~-~-> System Log ===
794
795 Show the system log
796
797 [[image:1652430369760-511.png||height="373" width="730"]]
798
799 = 6. More features =
800
801 == 6.1 More instructions ==
802
803 [[LoRaWAN Gateway Instruction>>doc:Main.WebHome]](LoRaWAN Gateway)
804
805
806 = 7. Linux System =
807
808 The DLOS8N is based on the OpenWrt Linux system. It is open source, and users are free to configure and modify the Linux settings.
809
810 == 7.1 SSH Access for Linux console ==
811
812 User can access the Linux console via the SSH protocol. Make sure your PC and the DLOS8N are connected to the same network, then use a SSH tool (such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]] in Windows) to access it.
813
814 IP address:  IP address of DLOS8N
815
816 Port:         22 (via WiFi AP mode) or 2222 (via WAN Interface)
817
818 User Name:      (% style="color:green" %)**root**
819
820 Password:         (% style="color:green" %)**dragino** (% style="color:black" %)(default)
821
822 After logging in, you will be in the Linux console and can enter commands as shown below.
823
824 [[image:1652431588565-830.png]]
825
826 The “(% class="mark" %)**logread -f**(%%)” command can be used to debug how system runs.
827
828 [[image:1652431609193-637.png||height="214" width="732"]]
829
830
831 == 7.2 Edit and Transfer files ==
832
833 (((
834 The DLOS8N supports the (% style="color:green" %)**SCP protocol** (% style="color:black" %)and has a built-in (% style="color:green" %)**SFTP server**. (% style="color:black" %)There are many ways to edit and transfer files using these protocols.
835 )))
836
837 (((
838 In Windows, one of the easiest methods is using the [[WinSCP>>url:https://winscp.net/eng/index.php]] utility.
839 )))
840
841 (((
842 After establishing access via WinSCP to the device, you can use an FTP style window to drag / drop files to the DLOS8N, or edit the files directly in the windows.
843 )))
844
845 (((
846 Screenshot is as below:
847 )))
848
849 [[image:1652431650755-450.png]]
850
851
852 == 7.3 File System ==
853
854 (((
855 The DLOS8N has a 16MB flash and a 64MB RAM. The /var and /tmp directories are in the RAM, so contents stored in /tmp and /var will be erased after rebooting the device. Other directories are in the flash and will remain after reboot.
856 )))
857
858 (((
859 The Linux system uses around 8MB ~~10MB flash size which means there is not much room for user to store data in the DLOS8N flash.
860 )))
861
862 (((
863 You can use an external USB flash memory device to extend the size of flash memory for storage.
864 )))
865
866
867 == 7.4 Package maintenance system ==
868
869 DLOS8N uses the OpenWrt [[**OPKG package maintenance system**>>https://oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg]]. There are more than 3000+ packages available in our package server for users to install for their applications. For example, if you want to add the **//iperf //** tool, you can install the related packages and configure DLOS8N to use **//iperf //**.
870
871 (((
872 Below are some example **//opkg //** commands. For more information please refer to the [[OPKG package maintain system>>https://oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg]]** **([[https:~~/~~/oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg>>https://oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg]])
873 )))
874
875 (((
876 **In Linux Console run:**
877 )))
878
879 (((
880 (% style="color:green" %)**root@dragino-169d30:~~# opkg update**           (% style="color:black" %)~/~/ to get the latest packages list
881 )))
882
883 (((
884 (% style="color:green" %)**root@dragino-169d30:~~# opkg list**    (% style="color:black" %) ~/~/shows the available packages
885 )))
886
887 (((
888 (% style="color:green" %)**root@dragino-169d30:~~# opkg install iperf ** (% style="color:black" %)~/~/ install iperf
889 )))
890
891 The system will automatically install the required packages as shown below.
892
893
894 (((
895 (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//root@dragino-169d30:/etc/opkg# opkg install iperf//
896 )))
897
898 (((
899 (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Installing iperf (2.0.12-1) to root…//
900 )))
901
902 (((
903 (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Downloading //[[(% style="background-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); background-color: rgb(220, 220, 220)" %)//http:~~/~~/downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/packages/mips_24kc/base/iperf_2.0.12-1_mips_24kc.ipk//>>url:http://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/packages/mips_24kc/base/iperf_2.0.12-1_mips_24kc.ipk]]
904 )))
905
906 (((
907 (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Installing uclibcxx (0.2.4-3) to root…//
908 )))
909
910 (((
911 (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Downloading //[[(% style="background-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); background-color: rgb(220, 220, 220)" %)//http:~~/~~/downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/packages/mips_24kc/base/uclibcxx_0.2.4-3_mips_24kc.ipk//>>url:http://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/packages/mips_24kc/base/uclibcxx_0.2.4-3_mips_24kc.ipk]]
912 )))
913
914 (((
915 (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Configuring uclibcxx.//
916 )))
917
918 (((
919 (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Configuring iperf.//
920 )))
921
922 = 8. Upgrade Linux Firmware =
923
924
925 = 9. FAQ =
926
927 == 9.1 How can I configure for a customized frequency band? ==
928
929 (((
930 See below link for how to customize frequency band: **[[How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band>>doc:Main.How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band.WebHome]]**
931 )))
932
933 (((
934
935 )))
936
937 == 9.2 Can I connect DLOS8N to LORIOT? ==
938
939 Yes, the set up instruction is here: **[[Notes for LORIOT>>doc:Main.Notes for LORIOT.WebHome]]**
940
941
942 == 9.3 Can I make my own firmware for the gateway, where can I find the source code? ==
943
944 (((
945 Yes, You can make your own firmware for the DLOS8N for branding purposes or to add customized applications.
946 )))
947
948 (((
949 The source code and compile instructions can be found at: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/openwrt_lede-18.06>>url:https://github.com/dragino/openwrt_lede-18.06]]
950 )))
951
952
953 == 9.4 Can I use 868Mhz version for 915Mhz bands? ==
954
955 It is possible but the distance will be very short, you can select US915 frequency band in 868Mhz version hardware. It will work but you will see the performance is greatly decreased because the 868Mhz version has an RF filter for band 863~~870Mhz, all other frequencies will have high attenuation.
956
957
958 = 10. Trouble Shooting =
959
960 == 10.1 I get kernel error when install new package, how to fix? ==
961
962 In some cases, when installing a package with **//opkg//**, it will generate a kernel error such as below due to a mismatch I the kernel ID:
963
964 (% style="background-color:yellow" %)root@dragino-16c538:~~# opkg install kmod-dragino2-si3217x_3.10.49+0.2-1_ar71xx.ipk
965
966 (% style="background-color:yellow" %)Installing kmod-dragino2-si3217x (3.10.49+0.2-1) to root…
967
968 (% style="background-color:yellow" %)Collected errors:
969
970 (% style="background-color:yellow" %)* satisfy_dependencies_for: Cannot satisfy the following dependencies for kmod-dragino2-si3217x:
971
972 (% style="background-color:yellow" %)*      kernel (= 3.10.49-1-4917516478a753314254643facdf360a) *
973
974 (% style="background-color:yellow" %)* opkg_install_cmd: Cannot install package kmod-dragino2-si3217x.
975
976 (((
977 In this case, you can use the –force-depends option to install such package as long as the actual kernel version is the same.
978 )))
979
980 (% style="background-color:yellow" %)Opkg install kmod-dragino2-si3217x_3.10.49+0.2-1_ar71xx.ipk –force-depends
981
982
983 == 10.2 How to recover the DLOS8N if the firmware crashes ==
984
985 (((
986 Please follow this instruction to recover your gateway:  **[[Recover Gateway>>doc:Main.How to Recover Gateway if can't access it.WebHome]]**
987 )))
988
989 (((
990
991 )))
992
993 == 10.3 I configured DLOS8N for WiFi access and lost its IP. What to do now? ==
994
995 [[image:1652435238615-272.png||height="247" width="727"]]
996
997 (((
998 The DLOS8N has a fall-back IP address on its WAN port. This IP is always enabled so you can use the fall-back IP to access DLOS8N no matter what the WiFi IP is. The fall back IP is useful for connecting and debug the unit.
999 )))
1000
1001 (% style="color:red" %)Note: fallback IP can be disabled in the WAN and DHCP page.
1002
1003
1004 Steps to connect via fall back IP:
1005
1006 ~1. Connect PC’s Ethernet port to DLOS8N’s WAN port
1007
1008 2. Configure PC’s Ethernet port has
1009 IP: 172.31.255.253 and
1010 Netmask: 255.255.255.252
1011
1012 As below photo:
1013
1014 [[image:1652435256286-879.png]]
1015
1016 3. In the PC, use IP address 172.31.255.254 to access the DLOS8N via Web or Console.
1017
1018 Please note the latest firmware uses port 8000 for http and 2222 for ssh access.
1019
1020
1021 = 11. Order Info =
1022
1023 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %) **//PART: DLOS8N-XXX-YYY//: **
1024
1025 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %) **//XXX: Frequency Band//**
1026
1027 * (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** 868**(% style="color:black" %) : valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865 or KZ865.
1028 * (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** 915**(% style="color:black" %): valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920
1029
1030 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %) **//YYY: 4G Cellular Option//**
1031
1032 * (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** E**(% style="color:black" %): EMEA, Korea, Thailand, India.
1033 * (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** A**(% style="color:black" %): North America/ Rogers/AT&T/T-Mobile.
1034 * (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** AU**(% style="color:black" %): Latin America, New Zeland, Taiwan
1035 * (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** J**(% style="color:black" %): Japan, DOCOMO/SoftBank/ KDDI
1036
1037 More info about valid bands, please see [[EC25-E product page>>url:https://www.quectel.com/product/ec25.htm]].
1038
1039
1040 = 12. Packing Info =
1041
1042 (((
1043 **Package Includes**:
1044 )))
1045
1046 * DLOS8N LoRaWAN Gateway x 1
1047 * Stick Antenna for LoRa RF part. Frequency is one of 470 or 868 or 915Mhz depends the model ordered
1048 * Packaging with environmental protection paper box
1049
1050 (((
1051 **Dimension and weight**:
1052 )))
1053
1054 * Device Size: 12 x 12 x 3 cm
1055 * Weight: 187g
1056 * Package Size: 14.5 x 13.5 x 6 cm
1057 * Weight: 300g
1058
1059 = 13. Support =
1060
1061 * Try to see if your questions already answered in the [[wiki>>doc:Main.WebHome]].
1062 * Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8.
1063 Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before mentioned schedule.
1064 * Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to:[[support@dragino.com>>url:file:///C:/Users/11315/Documents/D:/Projects/LoRa%20Product%20Line/LG308%20Picocell%20Gateway/LG308/LG308%20%25E8%25AF%25B4%25E6%2598%258E%25E4%25B9%25A6/support@dragino.com]]