Wiki source code of LPS8N - LoRaWAN Gateway User Manual

Version 132.1 by Xiaoling on 2022/07/06 16:16

version	line-number	content
73.5	1	(% style="text-align:center" %)
94.2	2	[[image:1656917428377-954.png\|\|height="475" width="475"]]
50.3	3
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74.2	7	Table of Contents：
50.3	8
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81.1	13
50.3	14
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94.2	20
96.2	21	(% style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:29px" %)1. Introduction
94.2	22
96.2	23	== 1.1 What is the LPS8N ==
94.2	24
	25
	26
95.4	27	(((
94.2	28	The LPS8N is an (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)open source LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway(%%). It lets you bridge LoRa wireless network to an IP network via WiFi, Ethernet, 3G or 4G cellular network. The LoRa wireless allows users to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data-rates.
95.4	29	)))
94.2	30
95.4	31	(((
94.2	32	The LPS8N uses (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Semtech packet forwarder(%%) & (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)LoRaWAN Station connection(%%) and fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It includes a (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)SX1302 LoRaWAN concentrator(%%), which provides 10 programmable parallel demodulation paths.
95.4	33	)))
94.2	34
95.4	35	(((
94.2	36	LPS8N has (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)pre-configured standard LoRaWAN frequency bands(%%) to use for different countries. User can also (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)customized the frequency bands (%%)to use in their own LoRa network.
95.4	37	)))
94.2	38
95.4	39	(((
94.2	40	LPS8N can communicate with ABP LoRaWAN end node without LoRaWAN server. System integrator can use it to integrate with their existing IoT Service without set up own LoRaWAN server or use 3rd party LoRaWAN service.
95.4	41	)))
94.2	42
75.2	43	(((
94.2	44
75.2	45	)))
50.3	46
95.2	47	[[image:1656918270059-192.png]]
50.3	48
95.2	49
96.2	50	== 1.2 Specifications ==
50.3	51
	52
95.2	53	(% style="color:#037691" %)Hardware System:
	54
75.3	55	(((
50.3	56	Linux Part:
75.3	57	)))
50.3	58
	59	* 400Mhz ar9331 processor
	60	* 64MB RAM
	61	* 16MB Flash
	62
95.2	63	(% style="color:#037691" %)Interface:
	64
50.3	65	* 10M/100M RJ45 Ports x 1
	66	* WiFi : 802.11 b/g/n
	67	* LoRaWAN Wireless
95.2	68	* Power Input: 5V DC, 2A, Type C
50.3	69	* USB 2.0 host connector x 1
	70	* Mini-PCI E connector x 1
	71	* SX1302 + 2 x SX1250
	72
95.2	73	(% style="color:#037691" %)WiFi Spec:
	74
50.3	75	* IEEE 802.11 b/g/n
	76	* Frequency Band: 2.4 ~~ 2.462GHz
	77	* Tx power:
	78	** 11n tx power : mcs7/15: 11db mcs0 : 17db
	79	** 11b tx power: 18db
	80	** 11g 54M tx power: 12db
	81	** 11g 6M tx power: 18db
	82	* Wifi Sensitivity
	83	** 11g 54M : -71dbm
	84	** 11n 20M : -67dbm
	85
95.2	86	(% style="color:#037691" %)LoRa Spec:
	87
	88	* Up to -140 dBm sensitivity
50.3	89	* 70 dB CW interferer rejection at 1 MHz offset
	90	* Able to operate with negative SNR, CCR up to 9dB
	91	* Emulates 49 x LoRa demodulators and 1 x (G)FSK demodulator
	92	* Dual digital TX & RX radio front-end interfaces
	93	* 10 programmable parallel demodulation paths
	94	* Dynamic data-rate (DDR) adaptation
	95	* True antenna diversity or simultaneous dual-band operation
	96
95.2	97	(% style="color:#037691" %)Cellular 4G LTE (optional):
	98
	99	* Quectel [[EC25 LTE module>>url:https://www.quectel.com/product/ec25minipcie.htm]]
	100	* Micro SIM Slot
	101	* External 4G Sticker Antenna.
50.3	102	* Up to 150Mbps downlink and 50Mbps uplink data rates
	103	* Worldwide LTE,UMTS/HSPA+ and GSM/GPRS/EDGE coverage
	104	* MIMO technology meets demands for data rate and link reliability in modem wireless communication systems
	105
104.4	106
96.2	107	== 1.3 Features ==
50.3	108
95.6	109	* Open Source OpenWrt system
	110	* Managed by Web GUI, SSH via WAN or WiFi
	111	* Remote access with Reverse-SSH or remote.it
	112	* Emulates 49x LoRa demodulators
	113	* LoRaWAN Gateway
	114	* 10 programmable parallel demodulation paths
	115	* Pre-configure to support different LoRaWAN regional settings.
	116	* Allow to customize LoRaWAN regional parameters.
	117	* Support Local decode ABP end node info and transfer to MQTT server
	118	* Support different level log in.
	119	* Support Semtech Packet Forwarder
	120	* Support LoRaWAN basic station.
	121	* Optional 3G/4G cellular connection
95.5	122
104.4	123
96.2	124	== 1.4 Hardware System Structure ==
50.3	125
96.2	126	[[image:1657079015096-949.png]]
50.3	127
96.2	128
97.2	129	== 1.5 LPS8N Applications ==
50.3	130
97.2	131	[[image:1657079055940-721.png]]
50.3	132
	133
97.2	134	== 1.6 LED Indicators ==
	135
50.3	136
101.2	137	LPS8N has totally four LEDs, They are:
50.3	138
101.2	139	* Power LED [[image:image-20220706115518-1.png\|\|height="15" width="16"]] : This (% style="color:red" %)RED LED(%%) will be solid on if the device is properly powered.
	140	* LoRa LED [[image:image-20220706115518-2.png\|\|height="15" width="15"]] : This RGB LED will (% style="color:green" %)blink GREEN(%%) when LoRaWAN module starts or transmit a packet.
101.4	141	* SYS LED [[image:image-20220706115518-3.png\|\|height="16" width="16"]] : This RGB LED will shows different colors on different state:
101.2	142	(% style="color:blue" %)SOLID BLUE**(%%): Device is alive with LoRaWAN server connection.
104.5	143	(% style="color:blue" %)BLINKING BLUE(%%): a) Device has internet connection but no LoRaWAN Connection. or b) Device is in booting stage, in this stage, it will (% style="color:blue" %)BLINKING BLUE(%%) for several seconds and then with (% style="color:red" %)SOLID RED(%%) and (% style="color:blue" %)BLINKING BLUE**(%%) together
101.3	144	(% style="color:red" %)SOLID RED**(%%): Device doesn't have Internet connection.
50.3	145
101.2	146	* ETH LED [[image:image-20220706115518-4.png\|\|height="15" width="17"]] : This LED shows the ETH interface connection status.
50.3	147
128.2	148
	149
	150
103.2	151	= 2. Access and Configure LPS8N =
50.3	152
103.2	153	(((
	154	The LPS8N is configured as a WiFi Access Point by factory default. You can access and configure the LPS8N after connecting to its WiFi network, or via its WAN Ethernet port.
	155	)))
50.3	156
	157
103.2	158	== 2.1 Find IP address of LPS8N ==
50.3	159
103.2	160	=== 2.1.1 Connect via WiFi ===
50.3	161
103.2	162	[[image:1657085974260-168.png]]
50.3	163
	164
103.2	165	At the first boot of LPS8N, it will auto generate a WiFi network called (% style="color:green" %)//dragino-xxxxxx //(% style="color:black" %)with password: (% style="background-color:yellow" %)dragino+dragino
	166
73.5	167	[[image:1652413127647-377.png]]
50.3	168
	169
75.3	170	(((
50.3	171	User can use a PC to connect to this WiFi network. The PC will get an IP address 10.130.1.xxx and the DLOS8N has the default IP (% style="color:green" %)10.130.1.1
103.2	172
	173
	174
75.3	175	)))
50.3	176
103.2	177	=== 2.1.2 Connect via Ethernet with DHCP IP from router ===
50.3	178
103.2	179	[[image:1657086105922-299.png]]
50.3	180
	181
77.2	182	(((
103.2	183	Alternatively, connect the LPS8N Ethernet port to your router and DLOS8N will obtain an IP address from your router. In the router's management portal, you should be able to find what IP address the router has assigned to the LPS8N. You can also use this IP to connect.
	184
	185
	186
77.2	187	)))
50.3	188
104.2	189	=== 2.1.3 Connect via WiFi with DHCP IP from router ===
50.3	190
104.2	191	[[image:1657086192720-649.png]]
50.3	192
	193
104.2	194	If the LPS8N already connect to the router via WiFi, use can use the WiFi IP to connect to LPS8N.
50.3	195
	196
104.2	197
	198	=== 2.1.4 Connect via Ethernet with fall back ip ===
	199
104.5	200	The WAN port also has a [[fall back ip address>>\|\|anchor="H10.3A0IconfiguredLPS8NforWiFiaccessandlostitsIP.Whattodonow3F"]] for access if user doesn't connect to uplink router. Click [[here>>\|\|anchor="H10.3A0IconfiguredLPS8NforWiFiaccessandlostitsIP.Whattodonow3F"]] to see how to configure.
50.3	201
104.2	202
	203
104.5	204	== 2.2 Access Configure Web UI ==
50.3	205
	206	Web Interface
	207
108.2	208	Open a browser on the PC and type the LPS8N ip address (depends on your connect method)
50.3	209
	210	[[http:~~/~~/10.130.1.1/>>url:http://10.130.1.1/]] (Access via WiFi AP network)
	211
	212	or
	213
	214	http:~/~/IP_ADDRESS or [[http:~~/~~/ IP_ADDRESS:8000>>url:http://192.168.1.xx:8000]]
	215
	216
108.2	217	You will see the login interface of LPS8N as shown below.
50.3	218
	219	The account details for Web Login are:
	220
	221	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)User Name: root
	222
	223	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Password: dragino
	224
73.5	225	[[image:1652414287022-223.png]]
50.3	226
104.6	227
	228
108.2	229	= 3. Typical Network Setup =
50.3	230
108.2	231	== 3.1 Overview ==
50.3	232
108.2	233	The LPS8N supports flexible network set up for different environments. This section describes the typical network topology. The network set up includes:
50.3	234
	235	* WAN Port Internet Mode
	236	* WiFi Client Mode
	237	* WiFi AP Mode
	238
104.6	239
108.2	240	== 3.2 Use WAN port to access Internet ==
50.3	241
108.2	242	By default, the LPS8N is set to use the WAN port to connect to an upstream network. When you connect the LPS8N's WAN port to an upstream router, LPS8N will get an IP address from the router and have Internet access via the upstream router. The network status can be checked in the (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)home page:
50.3	243
	244
108.2	245	[[image:1657088560833-398.png]]
50.3	246
108.2	247
	248	== 3.3 Access the Internet as a WiFi Client ==
	249
50.3	250	In the WiFi Client Mode, DLOS8N acts as a WiFi client and gets DHCP from an upstream router via WiFi.
	251
77.2	252	(((
50.3	253	The settings for WiFi Client is under page (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)System~-~-> WiFi ~-~-> WiFi WAN Client Settings
108.2	254
	255	[[image:1657088818095-182.png]]
77.2	256	)))
50.3	257
	258
77.2	259	(((
50.3	260	In the WiFi Survey Choose the WiFi AP, and input the Passphrase then click Save & Apply to connect.
108.2	261
	262
77.2	263	)))
50.3	264
110.2	265	== 3.4 Use built-in 4G modem for internet access ==
50.3	266
108.2	267	(((
	268	(((
	269	If the LPS8N has 3G/4G Cellular modem, user can use it as main internet connection or back up.
	270	)))
50.3	271
108.2	272
77.2	273	(((
108.2	274	First, install the Micro SIM card as below direction
77.2	275	)))
50.3	276
108.2	277	(((
	278	Second, Power off/ ON LPS8N to let it detect the SIM card.
	279	)))
	280	)))
50.3	281
	282
108.2	283	[[image:1657090855037-497.png]]
	284
80.2	285	(((
108.2	286
80.2	287	)))
50.3	288
77.2	289	(((
50.3	290	The set up page is (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)System ~-~-> Cellular
77.2	291	)))
50.3	292
77.2	293	(((
50.3	294	While use the cellular as Backup WAN, device will use Cellular for internet connection while WAN port or WiFi is not valid and switch back to WAN port or WiFi after they recover.
77.2	295	)))
50.3	296
80.2	297	(((
108.2	298	[[image:1657090932270-444.png]]
80.2	299	)))
50.3	300
	301
110.2	302	== 3.5 Check Internet connection ==
50.3	303
	304	In the (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)home(%%) page, we can check the Internet connection.
	305
78.2	306	* GREEN Tick [[image:1652436675869-206.png\|\|height="14" width="15"]] : This interface has Internet connection.
110.2	307	* Yellow Tick [[image:1652436705761-420.png\|\|height="15" width="15"]] : This interface has IP address but don't use it for internet connection.
111.2	308	* RED Cross [[image:1652436787176-950.png\|\|height="14" width="15"]] : This interface doesn't connected.
50.3	309
110.2	310	[[image:1657091099235-452.png]]
	311
50.3	312
	313
110.2	314	= 4. Example: Configure as a LoRaWAN gateway =
50.3	315
110.2	316	LPS8N is fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It uses the legacy Semtech Packet forwarder to forward the LoRaWAN packets to server. The structure is as below.
	317
80.4	318	(((
110.2	319	[[image:1657091257648-882.png]]
80.4	320	)))
50.3	321
110.3	322	(((
	323	This chapter describes how to use the DLOS8Nto work with (TTN v3)[[ LoRaWAN Server>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]] ([[www.thethingsnetwork.org>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]])
	324	)))
50.3	325
	326
	327
110.3	328	== 4.1 Create a gateway in TTN V3 Server ==
	329
50.3	330	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Step 1: Get a Unique gateway ID.
	331
78.3	332	(((
111.2	333	Every LPS8N has a unique gateway id. The ID can be found at LoRaWAN page:
78.3	334	)))
50.3	335
80.4	336	(((
111.2	337	[[image:1657091583941-544.png]]
80.4	338	)))
50.3	339
111.2	340	The example gateway id is: (% style="color:green" %)a840411e96744154
50.3	341
111.2	342
50.3	343	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Step 2: Sign up a user account in TTN server
	344
	345	[[https:~~/~~/account.thethingsnetwork.org/register>>url:https://account.thethingsnetwork.org/register]]
	346
113.2	347	[[image:1657091739530-531.png]]
50.3	348
113.2	349
50.3	350	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Step 3: Choose the TTNv3 Cluster Picker
	351
80.4	352	(((
113.2	353	[[image:1657091719947-297.png]]
80.4	354	)))
50.3	355
	356	(% style="color:red" %)Note: Choose the cluster corresponds to a specific Gateway server address
	357
113.2	358
122.2	359	* Europe 1 (% style="color:red" %)corresponding Gateway server address:(%%)(% style="color:red" %) (% style="color:black" %)eu1.cloud.thethings.network
	360	* North America 1 (% style="color:red" %)corresponding Gateway server address: (% style="color:black" %)nam1.cloud.thethings.network
	361	* Australia 1 (% style="color:red" %)corresponding Gateway server address: (% style="color:black" %)au1.cloud.thethings.network
	362	* Legacy V2 Console : (% style="color:red" %)TTN v2 shuts down in December 2021
50.3	363
113.2	364
50.3	365	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Step 4: Create a Gateway
	366
116.2	367	[[image:1657091941182-367.png]]
50.3	368
	369	Click the Gateway icon and then click Add gateway.
	370
113.2	371
50.3	372	Open the following page:
	373
	374
116.2	375	[[image:image-20220706155323-5.png\|\|height="579" width="1060"]]
50.3	376
116.2	377
117.2	378	[[image:image-20220706155323-6.png\|\|height="582" width="1066"]]
116.2	379
	380
80.4	381	(((
50.3	382	(% style="color:red" %)Notice: Gateway Server address must match the gateway configuration, otherwise you will have problem for End Node to join the network.
80.4	383	)))
50.3	384
	385	After creating the gateway, you can see the gateway info, as below.
	386
117.2	387	[[image:1657094130908-567.png]](% style="display:none" %)
50.3	388
117.2	389
117.3	390	== 4.2 Configure DLOS8N to connect to TTN v3 ==
50.3	391
80.4	392	(((
122.2	393	You can now configure the LPS8N to let it connect to TTN network V3.
80.4	394	)))
50.3	395
80.4	396	(((
122.2	397	Make sure your LPS8N has a working Internet Connection first.
80.4	398	)))
50.3	399
80.4	400	(((
50.3	401	Choose the right server provider and click (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Save&Apply
80.4	402	)))
50.3	403
120.2	404	[[image:1657094183213-301.png]]
50.3	405
	406	(% style="color:red" %)Note: The server address must match the Gateway server address you choose in TTN V3.
	407
120.2	408
50.3	409	In the home page, we can see the LoRaWAN connection is ready now.
	410
120.2	411	[[image:1657094202420-798.png]]
50.3	412
120.2	413
50.3	414	In TTN v3 portal, we can also see the gateway is connected.
	415
120.2	416	[[image:1657094221515-510.png]]
50.3	417
120.2	418
122.2	419	== 4.3 Configure frequency ==
50.3	420
122.2	421	We also need to set the frequency plan in LPS8N to match the end node we use, so to receive the LoRaWAN packets from the LoRaWAN sensor.
50.3	422
122.2	423	[[image:1657094249818-468.png]]
50.3	424
	425
	426	In logread page, user can check the frequency actually used.
	427
122.2	428	[[image:1657094333704-207.png]]
50.3	429
	430
122.3	431	== 4.4 Add a LoRaWAN End Device ==
	432
78.3	433	(((
50.3	434	This section shows how to add a LoRaWAN End device to a LoRaWAN network and see the data from TTN web site.
78.3	435	)))
50.3	436
78.3	437	(((
50.3	438	We use [[LT-22222-L>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-end-node/item/156-lt-22222-l.html]] IO Controller as a reference device - the setup for other LoRaWAN devices will be similar.
78.3	439	)))
50.3	440
73.5	441	[[image:1652422794767-871.png]]
50.3	442
78.3	443	(((
50.3	444	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Step 1: (% style="color:black" %)Create a Device definition in TTN v3 with the OTAA keys from the example LT-22222-L IO Controller device.
122.3	445
126.2	446
78.3	447	)))
50.3	448
78.3	449	(((
50.3	450	Three codes are required to define the device in TTN v3:
78.3	451	)))
50.3	452
	453	* DEV EUI - Unique ID code for a particular device.
	454	* APP EUI - ID code for an Application defined in TTN v3.
	455	* APP Key - Unique key to secure communications with a particular device.
	456
78.3	457	(((
50.3	458	A set of these codes are stored in each device by the manufacturer as the default codes for that particular device. Each device is shipped with a sticker with the default Device EUI as shown below.
78.3	459	)))
50.3	460
126.2	461	[[image:1657094382177-591.png]]
50.3	462
78.3	463	(((
50.3	464	(% style="color:red" %)Note: You may be able to change these codes in a device by using a configuration facility on the device e.g. the LT-22222 uses a serial port access and a series of AT commands. Changing the codes may be necessary in the case where you have to use codes assigned by a LoRa WAN server.
126.2	465
	466
78.3	467	)))
50.3	468
78.3	469	(((
50.3	470	For the TTN v3 server, you can use the codes set in the device as in the following example.
78.3	471	)))
50.3	472
78.3	473	(((
50.3	474	Select Add Application to open the screen below.
78.3	475	)))
50.3	476
126.2	477	[[image:1657094417175-831.png]]
50.3	478
	479	Open the Application select Add end device
	480
126.2	481
50.3	482	Start Register the end device
	483
126.2	484	[[image:1657094444802-101.png]]
50.3	485
78.3	486	(((
50.3	487	Select OTAA activation mode
126.2	488
	489
78.3	490	)))
50.3	491
78.3	492	(((
50.3	493	The LoRaWAN version for your device should be provided by the manufacturer in a datasheet as LoRaWAN version or LoRaWAN specification. The most commonly used LoRaWAN versions are v1.0.2 and v1.0.3.
78.3	494	)))
50.3	495
126.2	496	[[image:1657094475730-208.png]]
50.3	497
	498	First, input the End device ID, AppEUI and DevEUI.
	499
	500
128.2	501	[[image:1657094646429-966.png]]
126.2	502
50.3	503	Secondly, choose the corresponding frequency and LoRaWAN class capabilities.
	504
	505
128.2	506	[[image:1657094674045-755.png]]
	507
78.3	508	(((
50.3	509	Finally, Application layer settings input the corresponding AppKey. Before saving the configuration, check that the data matches the device.
129.2	510
	511
78.3	512	)))
50.3	513
78.3	514	(((
50.3	515	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Step 2: (% style="color:black" %)Power on LT-22222-L device and it will automatically join the TTN network. After joining successfully, it will start to upload messages to the TTN v3. Select the Live data tab and you will see the data appearing in the panel.
78.3	516	)))
50.3	517
78.3	518	(((
50.3	519	(% style="color:red" %)Note that it may take some time for the device data to appear in the TTN v3 display.
78.3	520	)))
50.3	521
129.2	522	[[image:1657094791060-639.png]]
50.3	523
129.2	524
50.3	525	= 5. Web Configure Pages =
	526
	527	== 5.1 Home ==
	528
	529	Shows the system running status.
	530
73.5	531	[[image:1652423418568-752.png\|\|height="329" width="724"]]
50.3	532
	533	== 5.2 LoRa Settings ==
	534
	535	=== 5.2.1 LoRa ~-~-> LoRa ===
	536
78.4	537	(((
50.3	538	This page shows the LoRa Radio Settings. There are a set of default frequency band according to LoRaWAN protocol, and user can customized the band* as well.
78.4	539	)))
50.3	540
78.4	541	(((
50.3	542	Different DLOS8N hardware version can support different frequency range:
78.4	543	)))
50.3	544
	545	* 868: valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865 or KZ865.
	546	* 915: valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920
	547
78.4	548	(((
50.3	549	After user choose the frequency plan, he can see the actually frequency in used by checking the page LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log
78.4	550	)))
50.3	551
73.5	552	[[image:1652423554776-574.png\|\|height="380" width="740"]]
50.3	553
80.10	554	Note : [[See this instruction for how to customize frequency band>>doc:Main.How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band.WebHome]]*
50.3	555
	556
	557	=== 5.2.2 LoRa ~-~-> ABP Decryption ===
	558
	559	The DLOS8N can communicate with LoRaWAN ABP End Node without the need of LoRaWAN server. It can be used in some cases such as:
	560
	561	* No internet connection.
80.9	562	* User wants to get data forward in gateway and forward to their server based on MQTT/HTTP, etc. (Combine ABP communication method and [[MQTT forward together>>doc:Main.MQTT Forward Instruction.WebHome]]).
50.3	563
78.4	564	(((
80.10	565	Detail of this feature: [[Communication with ABP End Node>>doc:Main.Communicate with ABP End Node without LoRaWAN Network Server --- LG308.WebHome]]
78.4	566	)))
50.3	567
73.5	568	[[image:1652423628833-467.png\|\|height="357" width="755"]]
50.3	569
	570	== 5.3 LoRaWAN Settings ==
	571
	572	=== 5.3.1 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN ===
	573
	574	This page is for the connection set up to a general LoRaWAN Network server such as: [[TTN>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]], [[ChirpStack>>url:https://www.chirpstack.io/]] etc
	575
73.5	576	[[image:1652423628833-467.png\|\|height="357" width="755"]]
50.3	577
	578	(% style="color:red" %)Note:
	579
	580	~*: User can ignore the latitude and longitude settings here, DLOS8N will use the actually value from GPS module.
	581
	582	~**: Packet filter is to drop the unwanted LoRaWAN packet, instruction see here:
	583
80.10	584	See: [[Filter unwanted LoRaWAN packets>>doc:Main.Filter unwanted LoRaWAN packets.WebHome]]
50.3	585
	586	=== 5.3.2 LoRaWAN ~-~-> Amazon AWS-IoT ===
	587
73.5	588	[[image:1652428499323-384.png\|\|height="275" width="723"]]
50.3	589
78.4	590	(((
80.10	591	Please see this instruction to know more detail and demo for how to connect to [[AWS-IoT LoRaWAN Core>>doc:Main.AWS IoT Core for LoRaWAN.WebHome]].
78.4	592	)))
50.3	593
	594	=== 5.3.3 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LORIOT ===
	595
78.4	596	(((
50.3	597	Settings to communicate to LORIOT LoRaWAN Network Server: [[https:~~/~~/www.loriot.io/>>url:https://www.loriot.io/]]
78.4	598	)))
50.3	599
78.4	600	(((
80.10	601	Instruction: [[Notes for LORIOT>>doc:Main.Notes for LORIOT.WebHome]]
78.4	602	)))
50.3	603
73.5	604	[[image:1652428648903-878.png\|\|height="266" width="731"]]
50.3	605
	606	== 5.4 MQTT Settings ==
	607
	608	If end nodes works in ABP mode, user can configure DLOS8N to transfer the data to MQTT broker,
	609
80.10	610	Instruction: [[MQTT Forward Instruction>>doc:Main.MQTT Forward Instruction.WebHome]]
50.3	611
	612
73.5	613	[[image:1652428705046-212.png\|\|height="417" width="733"]]
50.3	614
	615	== 5.5 System ==
	616
	617	=== 5.5.1 System ~-~-> System Overview ===
	618
	619	Shows the system info:
	620
73.5	621	[[image:1652428773760-580.png\|\|height="408" width="728"]]
50.3	622
	623	=== 5.5.2 System ~-~-> General ( login settings) ===
	624
73.5	625	[[image:1652428861256-300.png\|\|height="354" width="724"]]
50.3	626
78.5	627	(((
54.2	628	__System Password:__
78.5	629	)))
50.3	630
78.5	631	(((
54.2	632	There are two login for DLOS8N: (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)root /dragino (% style="color:black" %)or (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)admin /dragino. (% style="color:black" %)Both root and admin has the same right for WEB access. But root user has also the right to access via SSH to Linux system. admin only able to access WEB interface.
78.5	633	)))
50.3	634
78.5	635	(((
50.3	636	This page can be used to set the password for them.
78.5	637	)))
50.3	638
54.2	639	(((
78.5	640	__Timezone:__Set device timezone.
	641	)))
50.3	642
54.2	643	(((
78.5	644	__Port forwarding:__Enable/Disable the HTTP and SSH access via WAN interface.
	645	)))
50.3	646
54.2	647	=== 5.5.3 System ~-~-> Network ===
50.3	648
73.5	649	[[image:1652429149053-824.png\|\|height="467" width="725"]]
50.3	650
78.5	651	(((
	652	__LAN Settings:__When the DLOS8N has the AP enable, LAN settings specify the network info for DLOS8N’s own network.
	653	)))
50.3	654
54.2	655	(((
78.5	656	__WAN Settings:__Setting for DLOS8N WAN port
54.2	657	)))
50.3	658
54.2	659	(((
78.5	660	__WiFi Settings:__Setting for DLOS8N WiFi IP when use it as WiFi Client
80.4	661
	662
54.2	663	)))
50.3	664
54.2	665	=== 5.5.4 System ~-~-> WiFi ===
50.3	666
	667	DLOS8N WiFi Settings.
	668
73.5	669	[[image:1652429430767-921.png\|\|height="367" width="723"]]
50.3	670
54.2	671	=== 5.5.5 System ~-~-> Cellular ===
50.3	672
	673	While use the cellular as Backup WAN, device will use Cellular for internet connection while WAN port or WiFi is not valid and switch back to WAN port or WiFi after they recover.
	674
73.5	675	[[image:1652429309615-825.png\|\|height="320" width="732"]]
50.3	676
54.2	677	(% style="color:red" %)Note *: For DLOS8N which doesn’t have the cellular module, this page will shows Cellular not detected.
50.3	678
59.2	679	=== 5.5.6 System ~-~-> Network Status ===
50.3	680
73.5	681	[[image:1652429486609-208.png\|\|height="415" width="728"]]
50.3	682
59.2	683	=== 5.5.7 System ~-~-> Remote Mgnt & Auto Provision ===
50.3	684
	685	Auto Provision is the feature for batch configure and remote management. It can be used in below two cases:
	686
73.5	687	[[image:1652429518191-846.png\|\|height="332" width="733"]]
50.3	688
73.5	689	[[image:1652429527544-247.png\|\|height="327" width="724"]]
50.3	690
73.5	691	[[image:1652429537849-154.png\|\|height="339" width="722"]]
50.3	692
	693	Please see this document for detail:
	694
80.4	695	(((
50.3	696	[[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Application_Note/&file=Auto-update-feature.pdf>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Application_Note/&file=Auto-update-feature.pdf]]
80.4	697	)))
50.3	698
	699
80.10	700	R-SSH is for remote access device and management, introduction for how to use: [[Remote Access Gateway>>doc:Main.Remote Access Gateway.WebHome]]
50.3	701
73.5	702	[[image:1652429624400-864.png\|\|height="432" width="716"]]
50.3	703
80.10	704
66.2	705	=== 5.5.8 System ~-~-> Firmware Upgrade ===
50.3	706
	707	We keep improving the DLOS8N Linux side firmware for new features and bug fixes. Below are the links for reference.
	708
	709	* Latest firmware: [[LoRa Gateway Firmware>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/]],
	710
	711	( [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/]] )
	712
	713	* Change Log: [[Firmware Change Log>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/ChangeLog]].
	714
	715	( [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/ChangeLog>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/ChangeLog]] )
	716
78.5	717	(((
66.2	718	The file named as (% style="color:green" %)xxxxx–xxxxx-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin (% style="color:black" %)is the upgrade Image. There are different methods to upgrade, as below.
78.5	719	)))
50.3	720
78.5	721	(((
66.2	722	(% style="color:green" %)Web~-~-> System~-~-> Firmware Upgrade
78.5	723	)))
50.3	724
73.5	725	[[image:1652429711145-862.png\|\|height="270" width="737"]]
50.3	726
	727	Select the required image and click Flash Image. The image will be uploaded to the device, and then click Process Update to upgrade.
	728
66.2	729	(% style="color:red" %)NOTE: (% style="color:black" %)You normally need to //uncheck// the Preserve Settings checkbox when doing an upgrade to ensure that there is no conflict between the old settings and the new firmware. The new firmware will start up with its default settings.
50.3	730
	731	The system will automatically boot into the new firmware after upgrade.
	732
73.5	733	[[image:1652429962190-224.png\|\|height="358" width="729"]]
50.3	734
66.2	735	(% style="color:red" %)NOTE*(%%): User can also upgrade firmware via Linux console
50.3	736
66.2	737	SCP the firmware to the system(% style="color:green" %)/var(%%) directory and then run
50.3	738
66.2	739	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)//root@OpenWrt:~~# /sbin/sysupgrade –n /var/Your_Image//
50.3	740
66.2	741	(% style="color:red" %)NOTE(%%) : it is important to transfer the image in the /var directory, otherwise it may exceed the available flash size.
50.3	742
66.2	743	=== 5.5.9 System ~-~-> Reboot/Reset ===
50.3	744
73.5	745	[[image:1652430197132-330.png\|\|height="256" width="724"]]
50.3	746
73.7	747	(((
	748
	749	)))
50.3	750
66.2	751	=== 5.5.10 System ~-~-> Package Maintain ===
50.3	752
73.5	753	[[image:1652430243826-126.png\|\|height="289" width="723"]]
50.3	754
	755	Place to show what package has installed and possible to upgrade packages.
	756
66.2	757	== 5.6 LogRead ==
50.3	758
66.2	759	=== 5.6.1 LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log ===
50.3	760
	761
	762	Show the frequency for LoRa Radio and traffics.
	763
91.1	764	[[image:image-20220615204306-1.png\|\|height="575" width="733"]]
	765
	766
	767	Show the IoT Server Connection State and FWD State
	768
93.1	769	[[image:image-20220616083933-1.png\|\|height="556" width="729"]]
91.1	770
93.1	771	DLOS8 can view GPS location in the Logread FWD State
91.1	772
93.1	773
91.1	774	Show the Error logs, RxTxJson lorawan packages, and PULL State
	775
	776	[[image:image-20220615205416-6.png\|\|height="442" width="884"]]
	777
	778
66.2	779	=== 5.6.2 LogRead ~-~-> System Log ===
50.3	780
	781	Show the system log
	782
73.5	783	[[image:1652430369760-511.png\|\|height="373" width="730"]]
50.3	784
66.2	785	= 6. More features =
50.3	786
66.2	787	== 6.1 More instructions ==
50.3	788
80.12	789	[[LoRaWAN Gateway Instruction>>doc:Main.WebHome]](LoRaWAN Gateway)
50.3	790
80.12	791
66.2	792	= 7. Linux System =
50.3	793
	794	The DLOS8N is based on the OpenWrt Linux system. It is open source, and users are free to configure and modify the Linux settings.
	795
66.2	796	== 7.1 SSH Access for Linux console ==
50.3	797
	798	User can access the Linux console via the SSH protocol. Make sure your PC and the DLOS8N are connected to the same network, then use a SSH tool (such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]] in Windows) to access it.
	799
	800	IP address: IP address of DLOS8N
	801
	802	Port: 22 (via WiFi AP mode) or 2222 (via WAN Interface)
	803
71.2	804	User Name: (% style="color:green" %)root
50.3	805
71.2	806	Password: (% style="color:green" %)dragino (% style="color:black" %)(default)
50.3	807
	808	After logging in, you will be in the Linux console and can enter commands as shown below.
	809
73.5	810	[[image:1652431588565-830.png]]
50.3	811
71.2	812	The “(% class="mark" %)logread -f(%%)” command can be used to debug how system runs.
50.3	813
73.5	814	[[image:1652431609193-637.png\|\|height="214" width="732"]]
71.2	815
80.13	816
67.3	817	== 7.2 Edit and Transfer files ==
50.3	818
78.5	819	(((
71.2	820	The DLOS8N supports the (% style="color:green" %)SCP protocol (% style="color:black" %)and has a built-in (% style="color:green" %)SFTP server. (% style="color:black" %)There are many ways to edit and transfer files using these protocols.
78.5	821	)))
50.3	822
78.5	823	(((
50.3	824	In Windows, one of the easiest methods is using the [[WinSCP>>url:https://winscp.net/eng/index.php]] utility.
78.5	825	)))
50.3	826
78.5	827	(((
50.3	828	After establishing access via WinSCP to the device, you can use an FTP style window to drag / drop files to the DLOS8N, or edit the files directly in the windows.
78.5	829	)))
50.3	830
78.5	831	(((
50.3	832	Screenshot is as below:
78.5	833	)))
50.3	834
73.5	835	[[image:1652431650755-450.png]]
50.3	836
	837
71.3	838	== 7.3 File System ==
	839
78.6	840	(((
50.3	841	The DLOS8N has a 16MB flash and a 64MB RAM. The /var and /tmp directories are in the RAM, so contents stored in /tmp and /var will be erased after rebooting the device. Other directories are in the flash and will remain after reboot.
78.6	842	)))
50.3	843
78.6	844	(((
50.3	845	The Linux system uses around 8MB ~~10MB flash size which means there is not much room for user to store data in the DLOS8N flash.
78.6	846	)))
50.3	847
78.6	848	(((
50.3	849	You can use an external USB flash memory device to extend the size of flash memory for storage.
78.6	850	)))
50.3	851
71.6	852
71.3	853	== 7.4 Package maintenance system ==
50.3	854
71.3	855	DLOS8N uses the OpenWrt [[OPKG package maintenance system>>https://oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg]]. There are more than 3000+ packages available in our package server for users to install for their applications. For example, if you want to add the //iperf // tool, you can install the related packages and configure DLOS8N to use //iperf //.
50.3	856
78.6	857	(((
71.3	858	Below are some example //opkg // commands. For more information please refer to the [[OPKG package maintain system>>https://oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg]] ([[https:~~/~~/oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg>>https://oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg]])
78.6	859	)))
50.3	860
78.6	861	(((
71.6	862	In Linux Console run:
78.6	863	)))
50.3	864
71.6	865	(((
71.7	866	(% style="color:green" %)root@dragino-169d30:~~# opkg update (% style="color:black" %)~/~/ to get the latest packages list
71.6	867	)))
50.3	868
71.6	869	(((
	870	(% style="color:green" %)root@dragino-169d30:~~# opkg list (% style="color:black" %) ~/~/shows the available packages
	871	)))
50.3	872
71.6	873	(((
	874	(% style="color:green" %)root@dragino-169d30:~~# opkg install iperf (% style="color:black" %)~/~/ install iperf
	875	)))
50.3	876
	877	The system will automatically install the required packages as shown below.
	878
	879
71.6	880	(((
71.7	881	(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//root@dragino-169d30:/etc/opkg# opkg install iperf//
71.6	882	)))
50.3	883
71.6	884	(((
71.7	885	(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Installing iperf (2.0.12-1) to root…//
71.6	886	)))
50.3	887
71.6	888	(((
73.3	889	(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Downloading //[[(% style="background-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); background-color: rgb(220, 220, 220)" %)//http:~~/~~/downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/packages/mips_24kc/base/iperf_2.0.12-1_mips_24kc.ipk//>>url:http://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/packages/mips_24kc/base/iperf_2.0.12-1_mips_24kc.ipk]]
71.6	890	)))
50.3	891
71.6	892	(((
71.7	893	(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Installing uclibcxx (0.2.4-3) to root…//
71.6	894	)))
50.3	895
71.6	896	(((
73.3	897	(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Downloading //[[(% style="background-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); background-color: rgb(220, 220, 220)" %)//http:~~/~~/downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/packages/mips_24kc/base/uclibcxx_0.2.4-3_mips_24kc.ipk//>>url:http://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/packages/mips_24kc/base/uclibcxx_0.2.4-3_mips_24kc.ipk]]
71.6	898	)))
50.3	899
71.6	900	(((
71.7	901	(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Configuring uclibcxx.//
71.6	902	)))
50.3	903
71.6	904	(((
71.7	905	(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Configuring iperf.//
71.6	906	)))
50.3	907
73.2	908	= 8. Upgrade Linux Firmware =
50.3	909
71.7	910
73.2	911	= 9. FAQ =
	912
71.6	913	== 9.1 How can I configure for a customized frequency band? ==
50.3	914
78.6	915	(((
80.10	916	See below link for how to customize frequency band: [[How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band>>doc:Main.How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band.WebHome]]
78.6	917	)))
50.3	918
78.6	919	(((
80.10	920
78.6	921	)))
50.3	922
71.6	923	== 9.2 Can I connect DLOS8N to LORIOT? ==
50.3	924
80.10	925	Yes, the set up instruction is here: [[Notes for LORIOT>>doc:Main.Notes for LORIOT.WebHome]]
50.3	926
73.2	927
71.6	928	== 9.3 Can I make my own firmware for the gateway, where can I find the source code? ==
50.3	929
78.6	930	(((
50.3	931	Yes, You can make your own firmware for the DLOS8N for branding purposes or to add customized applications.
78.6	932	)))
50.3	933
78.6	934	(((
50.3	935	The source code and compile instructions can be found at: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/openwrt_lede-18.06>>url:https://github.com/dragino/openwrt_lede-18.06]]
78.6	936	)))
50.3	937
73.2	938
71.6	939	== 9.4 Can I use 868Mhz version for 915Mhz bands? ==
50.3	940
	941	It is possible but the distance will be very short, you can select US915 frequency band in 868Mhz version hardware. It will work but you will see the performance is greatly decreased because the 868Mhz version has an RF filter for band 863~~870Mhz, all other frequencies will have high attenuation.
	942
71.7	943
73.2	944	= 10. Trouble Shooting =
	945
71.6	946	== 10.1 I get kernel error when install new package, how to fix? ==
50.3	947
	948	In some cases, when installing a package with //opkg//, it will generate a kernel error such as below due to a mismatch I the kernel ID:
	949
73.3	950	(% style="background-color:yellow" %)root@dragino-16c538:~~# opkg install kmod-dragino2-si3217x_3.10.49+0.2-1_ar71xx.ipk
50.3	951
73.5	952	(% style="background-color:yellow" %)Installing kmod-dragino2-si3217x (3.10.49+0.2-1) to root…
50.3	953
73.3	954	(% style="background-color:yellow" %)Collected errors:
50.3	955
73.3	956	(% style="background-color:yellow" %)* satisfy_dependencies_for: Cannot satisfy the following dependencies for kmod-dragino2-si3217x:
50.3	957
73.3	958	(% style="background-color:yellow" %)* kernel (= 3.10.49-1-4917516478a753314254643facdf360a) *
50.3	959
73.3	960	(% style="background-color:yellow" %)* opkg_install_cmd: Cannot install package kmod-dragino2-si3217x.
50.3	961
78.6	962	(((
50.3	963	In this case, you can use the –force-depends option to install such package as long as the actual kernel version is the same.
78.6	964	)))
50.3	965
73.3	966	(% style="background-color:yellow" %)Opkg install kmod-dragino2-si3217x_3.10.49+0.2-1_ar71xx.ipk –force-depends
50.3	967
73.2	968
71.6	969	== 10.2 How to recover the DLOS8N if the firmware crashes ==
50.3	970
78.6	971	(((
80.11	972	Please follow this instruction to recover your gateway: [[Recover Gateway>>doc:Main.How to Recover Gateway if can't access it.WebHome]]
78.6	973	)))
50.3	974
78.6	975	(((
80.11	976
78.6	977	)))
50.3	978
71.6	979	== 10.3 I configured DLOS8N for WiFi access and lost its IP. What to do now? ==
50.3	980
73.5	981	[[image:1652435238615-272.png\|\|height="247" width="727"]]
50.3	982
78.6	983	(((
50.3	984	The DLOS8N has a fall-back IP address on its WAN port. This IP is always enabled so you can use the fall-back IP to access DLOS8N no matter what the WiFi IP is. The fall back IP is useful for connecting and debug the unit.
78.6	985	)))
50.3	986
73.5	987	(% style="color:red" %)Note: fallback IP can be disabled in the WAN and DHCP page.
50.3	988
	989
	990	Steps to connect via fall back IP:
	991
73.2	992	~1. Connect PC’s Ethernet port to DLOS8N’s WAN port
	993
	994	2. Configure PC’s Ethernet port has
73.5	995	IP: 172.31.255.253 and
	996	Netmask: 255.255.255.252
50.3	997
	998	As below photo:
	999
73.5	1000	[[image:1652435256286-879.png]]
50.3	1001
73.2	1002	3. In the PC, use IP address 172.31.255.254 to access the DLOS8N via Web or Console.
50.3	1003
	1004	Please note the latest firmware uses port 8000 for http and 2222 for ssh access.
	1005
73.5	1006
71.7	1007	= 11. Order Info =
50.3	1008
73.6	1009	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %) //PART: DLOS8N-XXX-YYY//:
50.3	1010
73.6	1011	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %) //XXX: Frequency Band//
50.3	1012
73.6	1013	* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %) 868(% style="color:black" %) : valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865 or KZ865.
	1014	* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %) 915(% style="color:black" %): valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920
50.3	1015
73.6	1016	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %) //YYY: 4G Cellular Option//
50.3	1017
73.6	1018	* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %) E(% style="color:black" %): EMEA, Korea, Thailand, India.
	1019	* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %) A(% style="color:black" %): North America/ Rogers/AT&T/T-Mobile.
	1020	* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %) AU(% style="color:black" %): Latin America, New Zeland, Taiwan
	1021	* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %) J(% style="color:black" %): Japan, DOCOMO/SoftBank/ KDDI
50.3	1022
	1023	More info about valid bands, please see [[EC25-E product page>>url:https://www.quectel.com/product/ec25.htm]].
	1024
73.6	1025
71.7	1026	= 12. Packing Info =
50.3	1027
78.6	1028	(((
50.3	1029	Package Includes:
78.6	1030	)))
50.3	1031
	1032	* DLOS8N LoRaWAN Gateway x 1
	1033	* Stick Antenna for LoRa RF part. Frequency is one of 470 or 868 or 915Mhz depends the model ordered
	1034	* Packaging with environmental protection paper box
	1035
78.6	1036	(((
50.3	1037	Dimension and weight:
78.6	1038	)))
50.3	1039
	1040	* Device Size: 12 x 12 x 3 cm
	1041	* Weight: 187g
	1042	* Package Size: 14.5 x 13.5 x 6 cm
	1043	* Weight: 300g
	1044
71.7	1045	= 13. Support =
50.3	1046
80.15	1047	* Try to see if your questions already answered in the [[wiki>>doc:Main.WebHome]].
50.3	1048	* Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8.
	1049	Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before mentioned schedule.
71.7	1050	* Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to:[[support@dragino.com>>url:file:///C:/Users/11315/Documents/D:/Projects/LoRa%20Product%20Line/LG308%20Picocell%20Gateway/LG308/LG308%20%25E8%25AF%25B4%25E6%2598%258E%25E4%25B9%25A6/support@dragino.com]]

Wiki source code of LPS8N - LoRaWAN Gateway User Manual

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