Wiki source code of LPS8N - LoRaWAN Gateway User Manual

Version 116.2 by Xiaoling on 2022/07/06 15:54

version	line-number	content
73.5	1	(% style="text-align:center" %)
94.2	2	[[image:1656917428377-954.png\|\|height="475" width="475"]]
50.3	3
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74.2	7	Table of Contents：
50.3	8
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81.1	13
50.3	14
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94.2	20
96.2	21	(% style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:29px" %)1. Introduction
94.2	22
96.2	23	== 1.1 What is the LPS8N ==
94.2	24
	25
	26
95.4	27	(((
94.2	28	The LPS8N is an (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)open source LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway(%%). It lets you bridge LoRa wireless network to an IP network via WiFi, Ethernet, 3G or 4G cellular network. The LoRa wireless allows users to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data-rates.
95.4	29	)))
94.2	30
95.4	31	(((
94.2	32	The LPS8N uses (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Semtech packet forwarder(%%) & (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)LoRaWAN Station connection(%%) and fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It includes a (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)SX1302 LoRaWAN concentrator(%%), which provides 10 programmable parallel demodulation paths.
95.4	33	)))
94.2	34
95.4	35	(((
94.2	36	LPS8N has (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)pre-configured standard LoRaWAN frequency bands(%%) to use for different countries. User can also (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)customized the frequency bands (%%)to use in their own LoRa network.
95.4	37	)))
94.2	38
95.4	39	(((
94.2	40	LPS8N can communicate with ABP LoRaWAN end node without LoRaWAN server. System integrator can use it to integrate with their existing IoT Service without set up own LoRaWAN server or use 3rd party LoRaWAN service.
95.4	41	)))
94.2	42
75.2	43	(((
94.2	44
75.2	45	)))
50.3	46
95.2	47	[[image:1656918270059-192.png]]
50.3	48
95.2	49
96.2	50	== 1.2 Specifications ==
50.3	51
	52
95.2	53	(% style="color:#037691" %)Hardware System:
	54
75.3	55	(((
50.3	56	Linux Part:
75.3	57	)))
50.3	58
	59	* 400Mhz ar9331 processor
	60	* 64MB RAM
	61	* 16MB Flash
	62
95.2	63	(% style="color:#037691" %)Interface:
	64
50.3	65	* 10M/100M RJ45 Ports x 1
	66	* WiFi : 802.11 b/g/n
	67	* LoRaWAN Wireless
95.2	68	* Power Input: 5V DC, 2A, Type C
50.3	69	* USB 2.0 host connector x 1
	70	* Mini-PCI E connector x 1
	71	* SX1302 + 2 x SX1250
	72
95.2	73	(% style="color:#037691" %)WiFi Spec:
	74
50.3	75	* IEEE 802.11 b/g/n
	76	* Frequency Band: 2.4 ~~ 2.462GHz
	77	* Tx power:
	78	** 11n tx power : mcs7/15: 11db mcs0 : 17db
	79	** 11b tx power: 18db
	80	** 11g 54M tx power: 12db
	81	** 11g 6M tx power: 18db
	82	* Wifi Sensitivity
	83	** 11g 54M : -71dbm
	84	** 11n 20M : -67dbm
	85
95.2	86	(% style="color:#037691" %)LoRa Spec:
	87
	88	* Up to -140 dBm sensitivity
50.3	89	* 70 dB CW interferer rejection at 1 MHz offset
	90	* Able to operate with negative SNR, CCR up to 9dB
	91	* Emulates 49 x LoRa demodulators and 1 x (G)FSK demodulator
	92	* Dual digital TX & RX radio front-end interfaces
	93	* 10 programmable parallel demodulation paths
	94	* Dynamic data-rate (DDR) adaptation
	95	* True antenna diversity or simultaneous dual-band operation
	96
95.2	97	(% style="color:#037691" %)Cellular 4G LTE (optional):
	98
	99	* Quectel [[EC25 LTE module>>url:https://www.quectel.com/product/ec25minipcie.htm]]
	100	* Micro SIM Slot
	101	* External 4G Sticker Antenna.
50.3	102	* Up to 150Mbps downlink and 50Mbps uplink data rates
	103	* Worldwide LTE,UMTS/HSPA+ and GSM/GPRS/EDGE coverage
	104	* MIMO technology meets demands for data rate and link reliability in modem wireless communication systems
	105
104.4	106
	107
96.2	108	== 1.3 Features ==
50.3	109
95.6	110	* Open Source OpenWrt system
	111	* Managed by Web GUI, SSH via WAN or WiFi
	112	* Remote access with Reverse-SSH or remote.it
	113	* Emulates 49x LoRa demodulators
	114	* LoRaWAN Gateway
	115	* 10 programmable parallel demodulation paths
	116	* Pre-configure to support different LoRaWAN regional settings.
	117	* Allow to customize LoRaWAN regional parameters.
	118	* Support Local decode ABP end node info and transfer to MQTT server
	119	* Support different level log in.
	120	* Support Semtech Packet Forwarder
	121	* Support LoRaWAN basic station.
	122	* Optional 3G/4G cellular connection
95.5	123
104.4	124
	125
96.2	126	== 1.4 Hardware System Structure ==
50.3	127
96.2	128	[[image:1657079015096-949.png]]
50.3	129
96.2	130
97.2	131	== 1.5 LPS8N Applications ==
50.3	132
97.2	133	[[image:1657079055940-721.png]]
50.3	134
	135
97.2	136	== 1.6 LED Indicators ==
	137
50.3	138
101.2	139	LPS8N has totally four LEDs, They are:
50.3	140
101.2	141	* Power LED [[image:image-20220706115518-1.png\|\|height="15" width="16"]] : This (% style="color:red" %)RED LED(%%) will be solid on if the device is properly powered.
	142	* LoRa LED [[image:image-20220706115518-2.png\|\|height="15" width="15"]] : This RGB LED will (% style="color:green" %)blink GREEN(%%) when LoRaWAN module starts or transmit a packet.
101.4	143	* SYS LED [[image:image-20220706115518-3.png\|\|height="16" width="16"]] : This RGB LED will shows different colors on different state:
101.2	144	(% style="color:blue" %)SOLID BLUE**(%%): Device is alive with LoRaWAN server connection.
104.5	145	(% style="color:blue" %)BLINKING BLUE(%%): a) Device has internet connection but no LoRaWAN Connection. or b) Device is in booting stage, in this stage, it will (% style="color:blue" %)BLINKING BLUE(%%) for several seconds and then with (% style="color:red" %)SOLID RED(%%) and (% style="color:blue" %)BLINKING BLUE**(%%) together
101.3	146	(% style="color:red" %)SOLID RED**(%%): Device doesn't have Internet connection.
50.3	147
101.2	148	* ETH LED [[image:image-20220706115518-4.png\|\|height="15" width="17"]] : This LED shows the ETH interface connection status.
50.3	149
103.2	150	= 2. Access and Configure LPS8N =
50.3	151
103.2	152	(((
	153	The LPS8N is configured as a WiFi Access Point by factory default. You can access and configure the LPS8N after connecting to its WiFi network, or via its WAN Ethernet port.
	154	)))
50.3	155
	156
103.2	157	== 2.1 Find IP address of LPS8N ==
50.3	158
103.2	159	=== 2.1.1 Connect via WiFi ===
50.3	160
103.2	161	[[image:1657085974260-168.png]]
50.3	162
	163
103.2	164	At the first boot of LPS8N, it will auto generate a WiFi network called (% style="color:green" %)//dragino-xxxxxx //(% style="color:black" %)with password: (% style="background-color:yellow" %)dragino+dragino
	165
73.5	166	[[image:1652413127647-377.png]]
50.3	167
	168
75.3	169	(((
50.3	170	User can use a PC to connect to this WiFi network. The PC will get an IP address 10.130.1.xxx and the DLOS8N has the default IP (% style="color:green" %)10.130.1.1
103.2	171
	172
	173
75.3	174	)))
50.3	175
103.2	176	=== 2.1.2 Connect via Ethernet with DHCP IP from router ===
50.3	177
103.2	178	[[image:1657086105922-299.png]]
50.3	179
	180
77.2	181	(((
103.2	182	Alternatively, connect the LPS8N Ethernet port to your router and DLOS8N will obtain an IP address from your router. In the router's management portal, you should be able to find what IP address the router has assigned to the LPS8N. You can also use this IP to connect.
	183
	184
	185
77.2	186	)))
50.3	187
104.2	188	=== 2.1.3 Connect via WiFi with DHCP IP from router ===
50.3	189
104.2	190	[[image:1657086192720-649.png]]
50.3	191
	192
104.2	193	If the LPS8N already connect to the router via WiFi, use can use the WiFi IP to connect to LPS8N.
50.3	194
	195
104.2	196
	197	=== 2.1.4 Connect via Ethernet with fall back ip ===
	198
104.5	199	The WAN port also has a [[fall back ip address>>\|\|anchor="H10.3A0IconfiguredLPS8NforWiFiaccessandlostitsIP.Whattodonow3F"]] for access if user doesn't connect to uplink router. Click [[here>>\|\|anchor="H10.3A0IconfiguredLPS8NforWiFiaccessandlostitsIP.Whattodonow3F"]] to see how to configure.
50.3	200
104.2	201
	202
104.5	203	== 2.2 Access Configure Web UI ==
50.3	204
	205	Web Interface
	206
108.2	207	Open a browser on the PC and type the LPS8N ip address (depends on your connect method)
50.3	208
	209	[[http:~~/~~/10.130.1.1/>>url:http://10.130.1.1/]] (Access via WiFi AP network)
	210
	211	or
	212
	213	http:~/~/IP_ADDRESS or [[http:~~/~~/ IP_ADDRESS:8000>>url:http://192.168.1.xx:8000]]
	214
	215
108.2	216	You will see the login interface of LPS8N as shown below.
50.3	217
	218	The account details for Web Login are:
	219
	220	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)User Name: root
	221
	222	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Password: dragino
	223
73.5	224	[[image:1652414287022-223.png]]
50.3	225
104.6	226
	227
108.2	228	= 3. Typical Network Setup =
50.3	229
108.2	230	== 3.1 Overview ==
50.3	231
108.2	232	The LPS8N supports flexible network set up for different environments. This section describes the typical network topology. The network set up includes:
50.3	233
	234	* WAN Port Internet Mode
	235	* WiFi Client Mode
	236	* WiFi AP Mode
	237
104.6	238
	239
108.2	240	== 3.2 Use WAN port to access Internet ==
50.3	241
108.2	242	By default, the LPS8N is set to use the WAN port to connect to an upstream network. When you connect the LPS8N's WAN port to an upstream router, LPS8N will get an IP address from the router and have Internet access via the upstream router. The network status can be checked in the (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)home page:
50.3	243
	244
108.2	245	[[image:1657088560833-398.png]]
50.3	246
108.2	247
	248	== 3.3 Access the Internet as a WiFi Client ==
	249
50.3	250	In the WiFi Client Mode, DLOS8N acts as a WiFi client and gets DHCP from an upstream router via WiFi.
	251
77.2	252	(((
50.3	253	The settings for WiFi Client is under page (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)System~-~-> WiFi ~-~-> WiFi WAN Client Settings
108.2	254
	255	[[image:1657088818095-182.png]]
77.2	256	)))
50.3	257
	258
77.2	259	(((
50.3	260	In the WiFi Survey Choose the WiFi AP, and input the Passphrase then click Save & Apply to connect.
108.2	261
	262
77.2	263	)))
50.3	264
110.2	265	== 3.4 Use built-in 4G modem for internet access ==
50.3	266
108.2	267	(((
	268	(((
	269	If the LPS8N has 3G/4G Cellular modem, user can use it as main internet connection or back up.
	270	)))
50.3	271
108.2	272
77.2	273	(((
108.2	274	First, install the Micro SIM card as below direction
77.2	275	)))
50.3	276
108.2	277	(((
	278	Second, Power off/ ON LPS8N to let it detect the SIM card.
	279	)))
	280	)))
50.3	281
	282
108.2	283	[[image:1657090855037-497.png]]
	284
80.2	285	(((
108.2	286
80.2	287	)))
50.3	288
77.2	289	(((
50.3	290	The set up page is (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)System ~-~-> Cellular
77.2	291	)))
50.3	292
77.2	293	(((
50.3	294	While use the cellular as Backup WAN, device will use Cellular for internet connection while WAN port or WiFi is not valid and switch back to WAN port or WiFi after they recover.
77.2	295	)))
50.3	296
80.2	297	(((
108.2	298	[[image:1657090932270-444.png]]
80.2	299	)))
50.3	300
	301
110.2	302	== 3.5 Check Internet connection ==
50.3	303
	304	In the (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)home(%%) page, we can check the Internet connection.
	305
78.2	306	* GREEN Tick [[image:1652436675869-206.png\|\|height="14" width="15"]] : This interface has Internet connection.
110.2	307	* Yellow Tick [[image:1652436705761-420.png\|\|height="15" width="15"]] : This interface has IP address but don't use it for internet connection.
111.2	308	* RED Cross [[image:1652436787176-950.png\|\|height="14" width="15"]] : This interface doesn't connected.
50.3	309
110.2	310	[[image:1657091099235-452.png]]
	311
50.3	312
	313
110.2	314	= 4. Example: Configure as a LoRaWAN gateway =
50.3	315
110.2	316	LPS8N is fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It uses the legacy Semtech Packet forwarder to forward the LoRaWAN packets to server. The structure is as below.
	317
80.4	318	(((
110.2	319	[[image:1657091257648-882.png]]
80.4	320	)))
50.3	321
110.3	322	(((
	323	This chapter describes how to use the DLOS8Nto work with (TTN v3)[[ LoRaWAN Server>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]] ([[www.thethingsnetwork.org>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]])
	324	)))
50.3	325
	326
	327
110.3	328	== 4.1 Create a gateway in TTN V3 Server ==
	329
50.3	330	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Step 1: Get a Unique gateway ID.
	331
78.3	332	(((
111.2	333	Every LPS8N has a unique gateway id. The ID can be found at LoRaWAN page:
78.3	334	)))
50.3	335
80.4	336	(((
111.2	337	[[image:1657091583941-544.png]]
80.4	338	)))
50.3	339
111.2	340	The example gateway id is: (% style="color:green" %)a840411e96744154
50.3	341
111.2	342
50.3	343	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Step 2: Sign up a user account in TTN server
	344
	345	[[https:~~/~~/account.thethingsnetwork.org/register>>url:https://account.thethingsnetwork.org/register]]
	346
113.2	347	[[image:1657091739530-531.png]]
50.3	348
113.2	349
50.3	350	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Step 3: Choose the TTNv3 Cluster Picker
	351
80.4	352	(((
113.2	353	[[image:1657091719947-297.png]]
80.4	354	)))
50.3	355
	356	(% style="color:red" %)Note: Choose the cluster corresponds to a specific Gateway server address
	357
113.2	358
50.3	359	* Europe 1 (% style="color:red" %)corresponding Gateway server address: (% style="color:black" %)eu1.cloud.thethings.network
	360	* North America 1 (% style="color:red" %)corresponding Gateway server address: (% style="color:black" %)nam1.cloud.thethings.network
	361	* Australia 1 (% style="color:red" %)corresponding Gateway server address: (% style="color:black" %)au1.cloud.thethings.network
	362	* Legacy V2 Console : (% style="color:red" %)TTN v2 shuts down in December 2021
	363
113.2	364
	365
50.3	366	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Step 4: Create a Gateway
	367
116.2	368	[[image:1657091941182-367.png]]
50.3	369
	370	Click the Gateway icon and then click Add gateway.
	371
113.2	372
50.3	373	Open the following page:
	374
	375
116.2	376	[[image:image-20220706155323-5.png\|\|height="579" width="1060"]]
50.3	377
116.2	378
	379	[[image:image-20220706155323-6.png\|\|height="618" width="1132"]]
	380
	381
80.4	382	(((
50.3	383	(% style="color:red" %)Notice: Gateway Server address must match the gateway configuration, otherwise you will have problem for End Node to join the network.
80.4	384	)))
50.3	385
	386	After creating the gateway, you can see the gateway info, as below.
	387
73.5	388	[[image:1652422509034-682.png\|\|height="299" width="739"]]
50.3	389
	390	== 4.2 Configure DLOS8N to connect to TTN v3 ==
	391
80.4	392	(((
50.3	393	You can now configure the DLOS8N to let it connect to TTN network V3.
80.4	394	)))
50.3	395
80.4	396	(((
50.3	397	Make sure your DLOS8N has a working Internet Connection first.
80.4	398	)))
50.3	399
80.4	400	(((
50.3	401	Choose the right server provider and click (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Save&Apply
80.4	402	)))
50.3	403
73.5	404	[[image:1652422624783-580.png\|\|height="327" width="729"]]
50.3	405
	406	(% style="color:red" %)Note: The server address must match the Gateway server address you choose in TTN V3.
	407
	408	In the home page, we can see the LoRaWAN connection is ready now.
	409
73.5	410	[[image:1652422685063-596.png\|\|height="327" width="729"]]
50.3	411
	412	In TTN v3 portal, we can also see the gateway is connected.
	413
73.5	414	[[image:1652422703020-955.png\|\|height="343" width="730"]]
50.3	415
	416	== 4.3 Configure frequency ==
	417
	418	We also need to set the frequency plan in DLOS8N to match the end node we use, so to receive the LoRaWAN packets from the LoRaWAN sensor.
	419
73.5	420	[[image:1652422737399-529.png\|\|height="362" width="737"]]
50.3	421
	422
	423	In logread page, user can check the frequency actually used.
	424
73.5	425	[[image:1652422763536-750.png\|\|height="514" width="730"]]
50.3	426
78.3	427	== 4.4 Add a LoRaWAN End Device ==
50.3	428
78.3	429	(((
50.3	430	This section shows how to add a LoRaWAN End device to a LoRaWAN network and see the data from TTN web site.
78.3	431	)))
50.3	432
78.3	433	(((
50.3	434	We use [[LT-22222-L>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-end-node/item/156-lt-22222-l.html]] IO Controller as a reference device - the setup for other LoRaWAN devices will be similar.
78.3	435	)))
50.3	436
73.5	437	[[image:1652422794767-871.png]]
50.3	438
78.3	439	(((
50.3	440	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Step 1: (% style="color:black" %)Create a Device definition in TTN v3 with the OTAA keys from the example LT-22222-L IO Controller device.
78.3	441	)))
50.3	442
78.3	443	(((
50.3	444	Three codes are required to define the device in TTN v3:
78.3	445	)))
50.3	446
	447	* DEV EUI - Unique ID code for a particular device.
	448	* APP EUI - ID code for an Application defined in TTN v3.
	449	* APP Key - Unique key to secure communications with a particular device.
	450
78.3	451	(((
50.3	452	A set of these codes are stored in each device by the manufacturer as the default codes for that particular device. Each device is shipped with a sticker with the default Device EUI as shown below.
78.3	453	)))
50.3	454
73.5	455	[[image:1652422840936-838.png]]
50.3	456
78.3	457	(((
50.3	458	(% style="color:red" %)Note: You may be able to change these codes in a device by using a configuration facility on the device e.g. the LT-22222 uses a serial port access and a series of AT commands. Changing the codes may be necessary in the case where you have to use codes assigned by a LoRa WAN server.
78.3	459	)))
50.3	460
78.3	461	(((
50.3	462	For the TTN v3 server, you can use the codes set in the device as in the following example.
78.3	463	)))
50.3	464
78.3	465	(((
50.3	466	Select Add Application to open the screen below.
78.3	467	)))
50.3	468
73.5	469	[[image:1652422946999-255.png\|\|height="356" width="744"]]
50.3	470
	471	Open the Application select Add end device
	472
	473	Start Register the end device
	474
73.5	475	[[image:1652422975885-591.png\|\|height="359" width="726"]]
50.3	476
78.3	477	(((
50.3	478	Select OTAA activation mode
78.3	479	)))
50.3	480
78.3	481	(((
50.3	482	The LoRaWAN version for your device should be provided by the manufacturer in a datasheet as LoRaWAN version or LoRaWAN specification. The most commonly used LoRaWAN versions are v1.0.2 and v1.0.3.
78.3	483	)))
50.3	484
73.5	485	[[image:1652422998005-968.png\|\|height="352" width="744"]]
50.3	486
	487	First, input the End device ID, AppEUI and DevEUI.
	488
73.5	489	[[image:1652423022781-339.png\|\|height="365" width="741"]]
50.3	490
	491	Secondly, choose the corresponding frequency and LoRaWAN class capabilities.
	492
73.5	493	[[image:1652423046741-467.png\|\|height="355" width="736"]]
50.3	494
78.3	495	(((
50.3	496	Finally, Application layer settings input the corresponding AppKey. Before saving the configuration, check that the data matches the device.
78.3	497	)))
50.3	498
78.3	499	(((
50.3	500	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Step 2: (% style="color:black" %)Power on LT-22222-L device and it will automatically join the TTN network. After joining successfully, it will start to upload messages to the TTN v3. Select the Live data tab and you will see the data appearing in the panel.
78.3	501	)))
50.3	502
78.3	503	(((
50.3	504	(% style="color:red" %)Note that it may take some time for the device data to appear in the TTN v3 display.
78.3	505	)))
50.3	506
73.5	507	[[image:1652423277549-324.png\|\|height="273" width="745"]]
50.3	508
	509	= 5. Web Configure Pages =
	510
	511	== 5.1 Home ==
	512
	513	Shows the system running status.
	514
73.5	515	[[image:1652423418568-752.png\|\|height="329" width="724"]]
50.3	516
	517	== 5.2 LoRa Settings ==
	518
	519	=== 5.2.1 LoRa ~-~-> LoRa ===
	520
78.4	521	(((
50.3	522	This page shows the LoRa Radio Settings. There are a set of default frequency band according to LoRaWAN protocol, and user can customized the band* as well.
78.4	523	)))
50.3	524
78.4	525	(((
50.3	526	Different DLOS8N hardware version can support different frequency range:
78.4	527	)))
50.3	528
	529	* 868: valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865 or KZ865.
	530	* 915: valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920
	531
78.4	532	(((
50.3	533	After user choose the frequency plan, he can see the actually frequency in used by checking the page LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log
78.4	534	)))
50.3	535
73.5	536	[[image:1652423554776-574.png\|\|height="380" width="740"]]
50.3	537
80.10	538	Note : [[See this instruction for how to customize frequency band>>doc:Main.How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band.WebHome]]*
50.3	539
	540
	541	=== 5.2.2 LoRa ~-~-> ABP Decryption ===
	542
	543	The DLOS8N can communicate with LoRaWAN ABP End Node without the need of LoRaWAN server. It can be used in some cases such as:
	544
	545	* No internet connection.
80.9	546	* User wants to get data forward in gateway and forward to their server based on MQTT/HTTP, etc. (Combine ABP communication method and [[MQTT forward together>>doc:Main.MQTT Forward Instruction.WebHome]]).
50.3	547
78.4	548	(((
80.10	549	Detail of this feature: [[Communication with ABP End Node>>doc:Main.Communicate with ABP End Node without LoRaWAN Network Server --- LG308.WebHome]]
78.4	550	)))
50.3	551
73.5	552	[[image:1652423628833-467.png\|\|height="357" width="755"]]
50.3	553
	554	== 5.3 LoRaWAN Settings ==
	555
	556	=== 5.3.1 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN ===
	557
	558	This page is for the connection set up to a general LoRaWAN Network server such as: [[TTN>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]], [[ChirpStack>>url:https://www.chirpstack.io/]] etc
	559
73.5	560	[[image:1652423628833-467.png\|\|height="357" width="755"]]
50.3	561
	562	(% style="color:red" %)Note:
	563
	564	~*: User can ignore the latitude and longitude settings here, DLOS8N will use the actually value from GPS module.
	565
	566	~**: Packet filter is to drop the unwanted LoRaWAN packet, instruction see here:
	567
80.10	568	See: [[Filter unwanted LoRaWAN packets>>doc:Main.Filter unwanted LoRaWAN packets.WebHome]]
50.3	569
	570	=== 5.3.2 LoRaWAN ~-~-> Amazon AWS-IoT ===
	571
73.5	572	[[image:1652428499323-384.png\|\|height="275" width="723"]]
50.3	573
78.4	574	(((
80.10	575	Please see this instruction to know more detail and demo for how to connect to [[AWS-IoT LoRaWAN Core>>doc:Main.AWS IoT Core for LoRaWAN.WebHome]].
78.4	576	)))
50.3	577
	578	=== 5.3.3 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LORIOT ===
	579
78.4	580	(((
50.3	581	Settings to communicate to LORIOT LoRaWAN Network Server: [[https:~~/~~/www.loriot.io/>>url:https://www.loriot.io/]]
78.4	582	)))
50.3	583
78.4	584	(((
80.10	585	Instruction: [[Notes for LORIOT>>doc:Main.Notes for LORIOT.WebHome]]
78.4	586	)))
50.3	587
73.5	588	[[image:1652428648903-878.png\|\|height="266" width="731"]]
50.3	589
	590	== 5.4 MQTT Settings ==
	591
	592	If end nodes works in ABP mode, user can configure DLOS8N to transfer the data to MQTT broker,
	593
80.10	594	Instruction: [[MQTT Forward Instruction>>doc:Main.MQTT Forward Instruction.WebHome]]
50.3	595
	596
73.5	597	[[image:1652428705046-212.png\|\|height="417" width="733"]]
50.3	598
	599	== 5.5 System ==
	600
	601	=== 5.5.1 System ~-~-> System Overview ===
	602
	603	Shows the system info:
	604
73.5	605	[[image:1652428773760-580.png\|\|height="408" width="728"]]
50.3	606
	607	=== 5.5.2 System ~-~-> General ( login settings) ===
	608
73.5	609	[[image:1652428861256-300.png\|\|height="354" width="724"]]
50.3	610
78.5	611	(((
54.2	612	__System Password:__
78.5	613	)))
50.3	614
78.5	615	(((
54.2	616	There are two login for DLOS8N: (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)root /dragino (% style="color:black" %)or (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)admin /dragino. (% style="color:black" %)Both root and admin has the same right for WEB access. But root user has also the right to access via SSH to Linux system. admin only able to access WEB interface.
78.5	617	)))
50.3	618
78.5	619	(((
50.3	620	This page can be used to set the password for them.
78.5	621	)))
50.3	622
54.2	623	(((
78.5	624	__Timezone:__Set device timezone.
	625	)))
50.3	626
54.2	627	(((
78.5	628	__Port forwarding:__Enable/Disable the HTTP and SSH access via WAN interface.
	629	)))
50.3	630
54.2	631	=== 5.5.3 System ~-~-> Network ===
50.3	632
73.5	633	[[image:1652429149053-824.png\|\|height="467" width="725"]]
50.3	634
78.5	635	(((
	636	__LAN Settings:__When the DLOS8N has the AP enable, LAN settings specify the network info for DLOS8N’s own network.
	637	)))
50.3	638
54.2	639	(((
78.5	640	__WAN Settings:__Setting for DLOS8N WAN port
54.2	641	)))
50.3	642
54.2	643	(((
78.5	644	__WiFi Settings:__Setting for DLOS8N WiFi IP when use it as WiFi Client
80.4	645
	646
54.2	647	)))
50.3	648
54.2	649	=== 5.5.4 System ~-~-> WiFi ===
50.3	650
	651	DLOS8N WiFi Settings.
	652
73.5	653	[[image:1652429430767-921.png\|\|height="367" width="723"]]
50.3	654
54.2	655	=== 5.5.5 System ~-~-> Cellular ===
50.3	656
	657	While use the cellular as Backup WAN, device will use Cellular for internet connection while WAN port or WiFi is not valid and switch back to WAN port or WiFi after they recover.
	658
73.5	659	[[image:1652429309615-825.png\|\|height="320" width="732"]]
50.3	660
54.2	661	(% style="color:red" %)Note *: For DLOS8N which doesn’t have the cellular module, this page will shows Cellular not detected.
50.3	662
59.2	663	=== 5.5.6 System ~-~-> Network Status ===
50.3	664
73.5	665	[[image:1652429486609-208.png\|\|height="415" width="728"]]
50.3	666
59.2	667	=== 5.5.7 System ~-~-> Remote Mgnt & Auto Provision ===
50.3	668
	669	Auto Provision is the feature for batch configure and remote management. It can be used in below two cases:
	670
73.5	671	[[image:1652429518191-846.png\|\|height="332" width="733"]]
50.3	672
73.5	673	[[image:1652429527544-247.png\|\|height="327" width="724"]]
50.3	674
73.5	675	[[image:1652429537849-154.png\|\|height="339" width="722"]]
50.3	676
	677	Please see this document for detail:
	678
80.4	679	(((
50.3	680	[[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Application_Note/&file=Auto-update-feature.pdf>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Application_Note/&file=Auto-update-feature.pdf]]
80.4	681	)))
50.3	682
	683
80.10	684	R-SSH is for remote access device and management, introduction for how to use: [[Remote Access Gateway>>doc:Main.Remote Access Gateway.WebHome]]
50.3	685
73.5	686	[[image:1652429624400-864.png\|\|height="432" width="716"]]
50.3	687
80.10	688
66.2	689	=== 5.5.8 System ~-~-> Firmware Upgrade ===
50.3	690
	691	We keep improving the DLOS8N Linux side firmware for new features and bug fixes. Below are the links for reference.
	692
	693	* Latest firmware: [[LoRa Gateway Firmware>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/]],
	694
	695	( [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/]] )
	696
	697	* Change Log: [[Firmware Change Log>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/ChangeLog]].
	698
	699	( [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/ChangeLog>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/ChangeLog]] )
	700
78.5	701	(((
66.2	702	The file named as (% style="color:green" %)xxxxx–xxxxx-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin (% style="color:black" %)is the upgrade Image. There are different methods to upgrade, as below.
78.5	703	)))
50.3	704
78.5	705	(((
66.2	706	(% style="color:green" %)Web~-~-> System~-~-> Firmware Upgrade
78.5	707	)))
50.3	708
73.5	709	[[image:1652429711145-862.png\|\|height="270" width="737"]]
50.3	710
	711	Select the required image and click Flash Image. The image will be uploaded to the device, and then click Process Update to upgrade.
	712
66.2	713	(% style="color:red" %)NOTE: (% style="color:black" %)You normally need to //uncheck// the Preserve Settings checkbox when doing an upgrade to ensure that there is no conflict between the old settings and the new firmware. The new firmware will start up with its default settings.
50.3	714
	715	The system will automatically boot into the new firmware after upgrade.
	716
73.5	717	[[image:1652429962190-224.png\|\|height="358" width="729"]]
50.3	718
66.2	719	(% style="color:red" %)NOTE*(%%): User can also upgrade firmware via Linux console
50.3	720
66.2	721	SCP the firmware to the system(% style="color:green" %)/var(%%) directory and then run
50.3	722
66.2	723	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)//root@OpenWrt:~~# /sbin/sysupgrade –n /var/Your_Image//
50.3	724
66.2	725	(% style="color:red" %)NOTE(%%) : it is important to transfer the image in the /var directory, otherwise it may exceed the available flash size.
50.3	726
66.2	727	=== 5.5.9 System ~-~-> Reboot/Reset ===
50.3	728
73.5	729	[[image:1652430197132-330.png\|\|height="256" width="724"]]
50.3	730
73.7	731	(((
	732
	733	)))
50.3	734
66.2	735	=== 5.5.10 System ~-~-> Package Maintain ===
50.3	736
73.5	737	[[image:1652430243826-126.png\|\|height="289" width="723"]]
50.3	738
	739	Place to show what package has installed and possible to upgrade packages.
	740
66.2	741	== 5.6 LogRead ==
50.3	742
66.2	743	=== 5.6.1 LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log ===
50.3	744
	745
	746	Show the frequency for LoRa Radio and traffics.
	747
91.1	748	[[image:image-20220615204306-1.png\|\|height="575" width="733"]]
	749
	750
	751	Show the IoT Server Connection State and FWD State
	752
93.1	753	[[image:image-20220616083933-1.png\|\|height="556" width="729"]]
91.1	754
93.1	755	DLOS8 can view GPS location in the Logread FWD State
91.1	756
93.1	757
91.1	758	Show the Error logs, RxTxJson lorawan packages, and PULL State
	759
	760	[[image:image-20220615205416-6.png\|\|height="442" width="884"]]
	761
	762
66.2	763	=== 5.6.2 LogRead ~-~-> System Log ===
50.3	764
	765	Show the system log
	766
73.5	767	[[image:1652430369760-511.png\|\|height="373" width="730"]]
50.3	768
66.2	769	= 6. More features =
50.3	770
66.2	771	== 6.1 More instructions ==
50.3	772
80.12	773	[[LoRaWAN Gateway Instruction>>doc:Main.WebHome]](LoRaWAN Gateway)
50.3	774
80.12	775
66.2	776	= 7. Linux System =
50.3	777
	778	The DLOS8N is based on the OpenWrt Linux system. It is open source, and users are free to configure and modify the Linux settings.
	779
66.2	780	== 7.1 SSH Access for Linux console ==
50.3	781
	782	User can access the Linux console via the SSH protocol. Make sure your PC and the DLOS8N are connected to the same network, then use a SSH tool (such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]] in Windows) to access it.
	783
	784	IP address: IP address of DLOS8N
	785
	786	Port: 22 (via WiFi AP mode) or 2222 (via WAN Interface)
	787
71.2	788	User Name: (% style="color:green" %)root
50.3	789
71.2	790	Password: (% style="color:green" %)dragino (% style="color:black" %)(default)
50.3	791
	792	After logging in, you will be in the Linux console and can enter commands as shown below.
	793
73.5	794	[[image:1652431588565-830.png]]
50.3	795
71.2	796	The “(% class="mark" %)logread -f(%%)” command can be used to debug how system runs.
50.3	797
73.5	798	[[image:1652431609193-637.png\|\|height="214" width="732"]]
71.2	799
80.13	800
67.3	801	== 7.2 Edit and Transfer files ==
50.3	802
78.5	803	(((
71.2	804	The DLOS8N supports the (% style="color:green" %)SCP protocol (% style="color:black" %)and has a built-in (% style="color:green" %)SFTP server. (% style="color:black" %)There are many ways to edit and transfer files using these protocols.
78.5	805	)))
50.3	806
78.5	807	(((
50.3	808	In Windows, one of the easiest methods is using the [[WinSCP>>url:https://winscp.net/eng/index.php]] utility.
78.5	809	)))
50.3	810
78.5	811	(((
50.3	812	After establishing access via WinSCP to the device, you can use an FTP style window to drag / drop files to the DLOS8N, or edit the files directly in the windows.
78.5	813	)))
50.3	814
78.5	815	(((
50.3	816	Screenshot is as below:
78.5	817	)))
50.3	818
73.5	819	[[image:1652431650755-450.png]]
50.3	820
	821
71.3	822	== 7.3 File System ==
	823
78.6	824	(((
50.3	825	The DLOS8N has a 16MB flash and a 64MB RAM. The /var and /tmp directories are in the RAM, so contents stored in /tmp and /var will be erased after rebooting the device. Other directories are in the flash and will remain after reboot.
78.6	826	)))
50.3	827
78.6	828	(((
50.3	829	The Linux system uses around 8MB ~~10MB flash size which means there is not much room for user to store data in the DLOS8N flash.
78.6	830	)))
50.3	831
78.6	832	(((
50.3	833	You can use an external USB flash memory device to extend the size of flash memory for storage.
78.6	834	)))
50.3	835
71.6	836
71.3	837	== 7.4 Package maintenance system ==
50.3	838
71.3	839	DLOS8N uses the OpenWrt [[OPKG package maintenance system>>https://oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg]]. There are more than 3000+ packages available in our package server for users to install for their applications. For example, if you want to add the //iperf // tool, you can install the related packages and configure DLOS8N to use //iperf //.
50.3	840
78.6	841	(((
71.3	842	Below are some example //opkg // commands. For more information please refer to the [[OPKG package maintain system>>https://oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg]] ([[https:~~/~~/oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg>>https://oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg]])
78.6	843	)))
50.3	844
78.6	845	(((
71.6	846	In Linux Console run:
78.6	847	)))
50.3	848
71.6	849	(((
71.7	850	(% style="color:green" %)root@dragino-169d30:~~# opkg update (% style="color:black" %)~/~/ to get the latest packages list
71.6	851	)))
50.3	852
71.6	853	(((
	854	(% style="color:green" %)root@dragino-169d30:~~# opkg list (% style="color:black" %) ~/~/shows the available packages
	855	)))
50.3	856
71.6	857	(((
	858	(% style="color:green" %)root@dragino-169d30:~~# opkg install iperf (% style="color:black" %)~/~/ install iperf
	859	)))
50.3	860
	861	The system will automatically install the required packages as shown below.
	862
	863
71.6	864	(((
71.7	865	(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//root@dragino-169d30:/etc/opkg# opkg install iperf//
71.6	866	)))
50.3	867
71.6	868	(((
71.7	869	(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Installing iperf (2.0.12-1) to root…//
71.6	870	)))
50.3	871
71.6	872	(((
73.3	873	(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Downloading //[[(% style="background-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); background-color: rgb(220, 220, 220)" %)//http:~~/~~/downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/packages/mips_24kc/base/iperf_2.0.12-1_mips_24kc.ipk//>>url:http://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/packages/mips_24kc/base/iperf_2.0.12-1_mips_24kc.ipk]]
71.6	874	)))
50.3	875
71.6	876	(((
71.7	877	(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Installing uclibcxx (0.2.4-3) to root…//
71.6	878	)))
50.3	879
71.6	880	(((
73.3	881	(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Downloading //[[(% style="background-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); background-color: rgb(220, 220, 220)" %)//http:~~/~~/downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/packages/mips_24kc/base/uclibcxx_0.2.4-3_mips_24kc.ipk//>>url:http://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/packages/mips_24kc/base/uclibcxx_0.2.4-3_mips_24kc.ipk]]
71.6	882	)))
50.3	883
71.6	884	(((
71.7	885	(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Configuring uclibcxx.//
71.6	886	)))
50.3	887
71.6	888	(((
71.7	889	(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Configuring iperf.//
71.6	890	)))
50.3	891
73.2	892	= 8. Upgrade Linux Firmware =
50.3	893
71.7	894
73.2	895	= 9. FAQ =
	896
71.6	897	== 9.1 How can I configure for a customized frequency band? ==
50.3	898
78.6	899	(((
80.10	900	See below link for how to customize frequency band: [[How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band>>doc:Main.How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band.WebHome]]
78.6	901	)))
50.3	902
78.6	903	(((
80.10	904
78.6	905	)))
50.3	906
71.6	907	== 9.2 Can I connect DLOS8N to LORIOT? ==
50.3	908
80.10	909	Yes, the set up instruction is here: [[Notes for LORIOT>>doc:Main.Notes for LORIOT.WebHome]]
50.3	910
73.2	911
71.6	912	== 9.3 Can I make my own firmware for the gateway, where can I find the source code? ==
50.3	913
78.6	914	(((
50.3	915	Yes, You can make your own firmware for the DLOS8N for branding purposes or to add customized applications.
78.6	916	)))
50.3	917
78.6	918	(((
50.3	919	The source code and compile instructions can be found at: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/openwrt_lede-18.06>>url:https://github.com/dragino/openwrt_lede-18.06]]
78.6	920	)))
50.3	921
73.2	922
71.6	923	== 9.4 Can I use 868Mhz version for 915Mhz bands? ==
50.3	924
	925	It is possible but the distance will be very short, you can select US915 frequency band in 868Mhz version hardware. It will work but you will see the performance is greatly decreased because the 868Mhz version has an RF filter for band 863~~870Mhz, all other frequencies will have high attenuation.
	926
71.7	927
73.2	928	= 10. Trouble Shooting =
	929
71.6	930	== 10.1 I get kernel error when install new package, how to fix? ==
50.3	931
	932	In some cases, when installing a package with //opkg//, it will generate a kernel error such as below due to a mismatch I the kernel ID:
	933
73.3	934	(% style="background-color:yellow" %)root@dragino-16c538:~~# opkg install kmod-dragino2-si3217x_3.10.49+0.2-1_ar71xx.ipk
50.3	935
73.5	936	(% style="background-color:yellow" %)Installing kmod-dragino2-si3217x (3.10.49+0.2-1) to root…
50.3	937
73.3	938	(% style="background-color:yellow" %)Collected errors:
50.3	939
73.3	940	(% style="background-color:yellow" %)* satisfy_dependencies_for: Cannot satisfy the following dependencies for kmod-dragino2-si3217x:
50.3	941
73.3	942	(% style="background-color:yellow" %)* kernel (= 3.10.49-1-4917516478a753314254643facdf360a) *
50.3	943
73.3	944	(% style="background-color:yellow" %)* opkg_install_cmd: Cannot install package kmod-dragino2-si3217x.
50.3	945
78.6	946	(((
50.3	947	In this case, you can use the –force-depends option to install such package as long as the actual kernel version is the same.
78.6	948	)))
50.3	949
73.3	950	(% style="background-color:yellow" %)Opkg install kmod-dragino2-si3217x_3.10.49+0.2-1_ar71xx.ipk –force-depends
50.3	951
73.2	952
71.6	953	== 10.2 How to recover the DLOS8N if the firmware crashes ==
50.3	954
78.6	955	(((
80.11	956	Please follow this instruction to recover your gateway: [[Recover Gateway>>doc:Main.How to Recover Gateway if can't access it.WebHome]]
78.6	957	)))
50.3	958
78.6	959	(((
80.11	960
78.6	961	)))
50.3	962
71.6	963	== 10.3 I configured DLOS8N for WiFi access and lost its IP. What to do now? ==
50.3	964
73.5	965	[[image:1652435238615-272.png\|\|height="247" width="727"]]
50.3	966
78.6	967	(((
50.3	968	The DLOS8N has a fall-back IP address on its WAN port. This IP is always enabled so you can use the fall-back IP to access DLOS8N no matter what the WiFi IP is. The fall back IP is useful for connecting and debug the unit.
78.6	969	)))
50.3	970
73.5	971	(% style="color:red" %)Note: fallback IP can be disabled in the WAN and DHCP page.
50.3	972
	973
	974	Steps to connect via fall back IP:
	975
73.2	976	~1. Connect PC’s Ethernet port to DLOS8N’s WAN port
	977
	978	2. Configure PC’s Ethernet port has
73.5	979	IP: 172.31.255.253 and
	980	Netmask: 255.255.255.252
50.3	981
	982	As below photo:
	983
73.5	984	[[image:1652435256286-879.png]]
50.3	985
73.2	986	3. In the PC, use IP address 172.31.255.254 to access the DLOS8N via Web or Console.
50.3	987
	988	Please note the latest firmware uses port 8000 for http and 2222 for ssh access.
	989
73.5	990
71.7	991	= 11. Order Info =
50.3	992
73.6	993	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %) //PART: DLOS8N-XXX-YYY//:
50.3	994
73.6	995	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %) //XXX: Frequency Band//
50.3	996
73.6	997	* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %) 868(% style="color:black" %) : valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865 or KZ865.
	998	* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %) 915(% style="color:black" %): valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920
50.3	999
73.6	1000	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %) //YYY: 4G Cellular Option//
50.3	1001
73.6	1002	* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %) E(% style="color:black" %): EMEA, Korea, Thailand, India.
	1003	* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %) A(% style="color:black" %): North America/ Rogers/AT&T/T-Mobile.
	1004	* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %) AU(% style="color:black" %): Latin America, New Zeland, Taiwan
	1005	* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %) J(% style="color:black" %): Japan, DOCOMO/SoftBank/ KDDI
50.3	1006
	1007	More info about valid bands, please see [[EC25-E product page>>url:https://www.quectel.com/product/ec25.htm]].
	1008
73.6	1009
71.7	1010	= 12. Packing Info =
50.3	1011
78.6	1012	(((
50.3	1013	Package Includes:
78.6	1014	)))
50.3	1015
	1016	* DLOS8N LoRaWAN Gateway x 1
	1017	* Stick Antenna for LoRa RF part. Frequency is one of 470 or 868 or 915Mhz depends the model ordered
	1018	* Packaging with environmental protection paper box
	1019
78.6	1020	(((
50.3	1021	Dimension and weight:
78.6	1022	)))
50.3	1023
	1024	* Device Size: 12 x 12 x 3 cm
	1025	* Weight: 187g
	1026	* Package Size: 14.5 x 13.5 x 6 cm
	1027	* Weight: 300g
	1028
71.7	1029	= 13. Support =
50.3	1030
80.15	1031	* Try to see if your questions already answered in the [[wiki>>doc:Main.WebHome]].
50.3	1032	* Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8.
	1033	Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before mentioned schedule.
71.7	1034	* Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to:[[support@dragino.com>>url:file:///C:/Users/11315/Documents/D:/Projects/LoRa%20Product%20Line/LG308%20Picocell%20Gateway/LG308/LG308%20%25E8%25AF%25B4%25E6%2598%258E%25E4%25B9%25A6/support@dragino.com]]

Wiki source code of LPS8N - LoRaWAN Gateway User Manual

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