Wiki source code of LPS8N - LoRaWAN Gateway User Manual

Version 111.3 by Xiaoling on 2022/07/06 15:14

version	line-number	content
73.5	1	(% style="text-align:center" %)
94.2	2	[[image:1656917428377-954.png\|\|height="475" width="475"]]
50.3	3
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74.2	7	Table of Contents：
50.3	8
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81.1	13
50.3	14
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94.2	20
96.2	21	(% style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit; font-size:29px" %)1. Introduction
94.2	22
96.2	23	== 1.1 What is the LPS8N ==
94.2	24
	25
	26
95.4	27	(((
94.2	28	The LPS8N is an (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)open source LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway(%%). It lets you bridge LoRa wireless network to an IP network via WiFi, Ethernet, 3G or 4G cellular network. The LoRa wireless allows users to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data-rates.
95.4	29	)))
94.2	30
95.4	31	(((
94.2	32	The LPS8N uses (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Semtech packet forwarder(%%) & (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)LoRaWAN Station connection(%%) and fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It includes a (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)SX1302 LoRaWAN concentrator(%%), which provides 10 programmable parallel demodulation paths.
95.4	33	)))
94.2	34
95.4	35	(((
94.2	36	LPS8N has (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)pre-configured standard LoRaWAN frequency bands(%%) to use for different countries. User can also (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)customized the frequency bands (%%)to use in their own LoRa network.
95.4	37	)))
94.2	38
95.4	39	(((
94.2	40	LPS8N can communicate with ABP LoRaWAN end node without LoRaWAN server. System integrator can use it to integrate with their existing IoT Service without set up own LoRaWAN server or use 3rd party LoRaWAN service.
95.4	41	)))
94.2	42
75.2	43	(((
94.2	44
75.2	45	)))
50.3	46
95.2	47	[[image:1656918270059-192.png]]
50.3	48
95.2	49
96.2	50	== 1.2 Specifications ==
50.3	51
	52
95.2	53	(% style="color:#037691" %)Hardware System:
	54
75.3	55	(((
50.3	56	Linux Part:
75.3	57	)))
50.3	58
	59	* 400Mhz ar9331 processor
	60	* 64MB RAM
	61	* 16MB Flash
	62
95.2	63	(% style="color:#037691" %)Interface:
	64
50.3	65	* 10M/100M RJ45 Ports x 1
	66	* WiFi : 802.11 b/g/n
	67	* LoRaWAN Wireless
95.2	68	* Power Input: 5V DC, 2A, Type C
50.3	69	* USB 2.0 host connector x 1
	70	* Mini-PCI E connector x 1
	71	* SX1302 + 2 x SX1250
	72
95.2	73	(% style="color:#037691" %)WiFi Spec:
	74
50.3	75	* IEEE 802.11 b/g/n
	76	* Frequency Band: 2.4 ~~ 2.462GHz
	77	* Tx power:
	78	** 11n tx power : mcs7/15: 11db mcs0 : 17db
	79	** 11b tx power: 18db
	80	** 11g 54M tx power: 12db
	81	** 11g 6M tx power: 18db
	82	* Wifi Sensitivity
	83	** 11g 54M : -71dbm
	84	** 11n 20M : -67dbm
	85
95.2	86	(% style="color:#037691" %)LoRa Spec:
	87
	88	* Up to -140 dBm sensitivity
50.3	89	* 70 dB CW interferer rejection at 1 MHz offset
	90	* Able to operate with negative SNR, CCR up to 9dB
	91	* Emulates 49 x LoRa demodulators and 1 x (G)FSK demodulator
	92	* Dual digital TX & RX radio front-end interfaces
	93	* 10 programmable parallel demodulation paths
	94	* Dynamic data-rate (DDR) adaptation
	95	* True antenna diversity or simultaneous dual-band operation
	96
95.2	97	(% style="color:#037691" %)Cellular 4G LTE (optional):
	98
	99	* Quectel [[EC25 LTE module>>url:https://www.quectel.com/product/ec25minipcie.htm]]
	100	* Micro SIM Slot
	101	* External 4G Sticker Antenna.
50.3	102	* Up to 150Mbps downlink and 50Mbps uplink data rates
	103	* Worldwide LTE,UMTS/HSPA+ and GSM/GPRS/EDGE coverage
	104	* MIMO technology meets demands for data rate and link reliability in modem wireless communication systems
	105
104.4	106
	107
96.2	108	== 1.3 Features ==
50.3	109
95.6	110	* Open Source OpenWrt system
	111	* Managed by Web GUI, SSH via WAN or WiFi
	112	* Remote access with Reverse-SSH or remote.it
	113	* Emulates 49x LoRa demodulators
	114	* LoRaWAN Gateway
	115	* 10 programmable parallel demodulation paths
	116	* Pre-configure to support different LoRaWAN regional settings.
	117	* Allow to customize LoRaWAN regional parameters.
	118	* Support Local decode ABP end node info and transfer to MQTT server
	119	* Support different level log in.
	120	* Support Semtech Packet Forwarder
	121	* Support LoRaWAN basic station.
	122	* Optional 3G/4G cellular connection
95.5	123
104.4	124
	125
96.2	126	== 1.4 Hardware System Structure ==
50.3	127
96.2	128	[[image:1657079015096-949.png]]
50.3	129
96.2	130
97.2	131	== 1.5 LPS8N Applications ==
50.3	132
97.2	133	[[image:1657079055940-721.png]]
50.3	134
	135
97.2	136	== 1.6 LED Indicators ==
	137
50.3	138
101.2	139	LPS8N has totally four LEDs, They are:
50.3	140
101.2	141	* Power LED [[image:image-20220706115518-1.png\|\|height="15" width="16"]] : This (% style="color:red" %)RED LED(%%) will be solid on if the device is properly powered.
	142	* LoRa LED [[image:image-20220706115518-2.png\|\|height="15" width="15"]] : This RGB LED will (% style="color:green" %)blink GREEN(%%) when LoRaWAN module starts or transmit a packet.
101.4	143	* SYS LED [[image:image-20220706115518-3.png\|\|height="16" width="16"]] : This RGB LED will shows different colors on different state:
101.2	144	(% style="color:blue" %)SOLID BLUE**(%%): Device is alive with LoRaWAN server connection.
104.5	145	(% style="color:blue" %)BLINKING BLUE(%%): a) Device has internet connection but no LoRaWAN Connection. or b) Device is in booting stage, in this stage, it will (% style="color:blue" %)BLINKING BLUE(%%) for several seconds and then with (% style="color:red" %)SOLID RED(%%) and (% style="color:blue" %)BLINKING BLUE**(%%) together
101.3	146	(% style="color:red" %)SOLID RED**(%%): Device doesn't have Internet connection.
50.3	147
101.2	148	* ETH LED [[image:image-20220706115518-4.png\|\|height="15" width="17"]] : This LED shows the ETH interface connection status.
50.3	149
103.2	150	= 2. Access and Configure LPS8N =
50.3	151
103.2	152	(((
	153	The LPS8N is configured as a WiFi Access Point by factory default. You can access and configure the LPS8N after connecting to its WiFi network, or via its WAN Ethernet port.
	154	)))
50.3	155
	156
103.2	157	== 2.1 Find IP address of LPS8N ==
50.3	158
103.2	159	=== 2.1.1 Connect via WiFi ===
50.3	160
103.2	161	[[image:1657085974260-168.png]]
50.3	162
	163
103.2	164	At the first boot of LPS8N, it will auto generate a WiFi network called (% style="color:green" %)//dragino-xxxxxx //(% style="color:black" %)with password: (% style="background-color:yellow" %)dragino+dragino
	165
73.5	166	[[image:1652413127647-377.png]]
50.3	167
	168
75.3	169	(((
50.3	170	User can use a PC to connect to this WiFi network. The PC will get an IP address 10.130.1.xxx and the DLOS8N has the default IP (% style="color:green" %)10.130.1.1
103.2	171
	172
	173
75.3	174	)))
50.3	175
103.2	176	=== 2.1.2 Connect via Ethernet with DHCP IP from router ===
50.3	177
103.2	178	[[image:1657086105922-299.png]]
50.3	179
	180
77.2	181	(((
103.2	182	Alternatively, connect the LPS8N Ethernet port to your router and DLOS8N will obtain an IP address from your router. In the router's management portal, you should be able to find what IP address the router has assigned to the LPS8N. You can also use this IP to connect.
	183
	184
	185
77.2	186	)))
50.3	187
104.2	188	=== 2.1.3 Connect via WiFi with DHCP IP from router ===
50.3	189
104.2	190	[[image:1657086192720-649.png]]
50.3	191
	192
104.2	193	If the LPS8N already connect to the router via WiFi, use can use the WiFi IP to connect to LPS8N.
50.3	194
	195
104.2	196
	197	=== 2.1.4 Connect via Ethernet with fall back ip ===
	198
104.5	199	The WAN port also has a [[fall back ip address>>\|\|anchor="H10.3A0IconfiguredLPS8NforWiFiaccessandlostitsIP.Whattodonow3F"]] for access if user doesn't connect to uplink router. Click [[here>>\|\|anchor="H10.3A0IconfiguredLPS8NforWiFiaccessandlostitsIP.Whattodonow3F"]] to see how to configure.
50.3	200
104.2	201
	202
104.5	203	== 2.2 Access Configure Web UI ==
50.3	204
	205	Web Interface
	206
108.2	207	Open a browser on the PC and type the LPS8N ip address (depends on your connect method)
50.3	208
	209	[[http:~~/~~/10.130.1.1/>>url:http://10.130.1.1/]] (Access via WiFi AP network)
	210
	211	or
	212
	213	http:~/~/IP_ADDRESS or [[http:~~/~~/ IP_ADDRESS:8000>>url:http://192.168.1.xx:8000]]
	214
	215
108.2	216	You will see the login interface of LPS8N as shown below.
50.3	217
	218	The account details for Web Login are:
	219
	220	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)User Name: root
	221
	222	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Password: dragino
	223
73.5	224	[[image:1652414287022-223.png]]
50.3	225
104.6	226
	227
108.2	228	= 3. Typical Network Setup =
50.3	229
108.2	230	== 3.1 Overview ==
50.3	231
108.2	232	The LPS8N supports flexible network set up for different environments. This section describes the typical network topology. The network set up includes:
50.3	233
	234	* WAN Port Internet Mode
	235	* WiFi Client Mode
	236	* WiFi AP Mode
	237
104.6	238
	239
108.2	240	== 3.2 Use WAN port to access Internet ==
50.3	241
108.2	242	By default, the LPS8N is set to use the WAN port to connect to an upstream network. When you connect the LPS8N's WAN port to an upstream router, LPS8N will get an IP address from the router and have Internet access via the upstream router. The network status can be checked in the (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)home page:
50.3	243
	244
108.2	245	[[image:1657088560833-398.png]]
50.3	246
108.2	247
	248	== 3.3 Access the Internet as a WiFi Client ==
	249
50.3	250	In the WiFi Client Mode, DLOS8N acts as a WiFi client and gets DHCP from an upstream router via WiFi.
	251
77.2	252	(((
50.3	253	The settings for WiFi Client is under page (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)System~-~-> WiFi ~-~-> WiFi WAN Client Settings
108.2	254
	255	[[image:1657088818095-182.png]]
77.2	256	)))
50.3	257
	258
77.2	259	(((
50.3	260	In the WiFi Survey Choose the WiFi AP, and input the Passphrase then click Save & Apply to connect.
108.2	261
	262
77.2	263	)))
50.3	264
110.2	265	== 3.4 Use built-in 4G modem for internet access ==
50.3	266
108.2	267	(((
	268	(((
	269	If the LPS8N has 3G/4G Cellular modem, user can use it as main internet connection or back up.
	270	)))
50.3	271
108.2	272
77.2	273	(((
108.2	274	First, install the Micro SIM card as below direction
77.2	275	)))
50.3	276
108.2	277	(((
	278	Second, Power off/ ON LPS8N to let it detect the SIM card.
	279	)))
	280	)))
50.3	281
	282
108.2	283	[[image:1657090855037-497.png]]
	284
80.2	285	(((
108.2	286
80.2	287	)))
50.3	288
77.2	289	(((
50.3	290	The set up page is (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)System ~-~-> Cellular
77.2	291	)))
50.3	292
77.2	293	(((
50.3	294	While use the cellular as Backup WAN, device will use Cellular for internet connection while WAN port or WiFi is not valid and switch back to WAN port or WiFi after they recover.
77.2	295	)))
50.3	296
80.2	297	(((
108.2	298	[[image:1657090932270-444.png]]
80.2	299	)))
50.3	300
	301
110.2	302	== 3.5 Check Internet connection ==
50.3	303
	304	In the (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)home(%%) page, we can check the Internet connection.
	305
78.2	306	* GREEN Tick [[image:1652436675869-206.png\|\|height="14" width="15"]] : This interface has Internet connection.
110.2	307	* Yellow Tick [[image:1652436705761-420.png\|\|height="15" width="15"]] : This interface has IP address but don't use it for internet connection.
111.2	308	* RED Cross [[image:1652436787176-950.png\|\|height="14" width="15"]] : This interface doesn't connected.
50.3	309
110.2	310	[[image:1657091099235-452.png]]
	311
50.3	312
	313
110.2	314	= 4. Example: Configure as a LoRaWAN gateway =
50.3	315
110.2	316	LPS8N is fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It uses the legacy Semtech Packet forwarder to forward the LoRaWAN packets to server. The structure is as below.
	317
80.4	318	(((
110.2	319	[[image:1657091257648-882.png]]
80.4	320	)))
50.3	321
110.3	322	(((
	323	This chapter describes how to use the DLOS8Nto work with (TTN v3)[[ LoRaWAN Server>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]] ([[www.thethingsnetwork.org>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]])
	324	)))
50.3	325
	326
	327
110.3	328	== 4.1 Create a gateway in TTN V3 Server ==
	329
50.3	330	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Step 1: Get a Unique gateway ID.
	331
78.3	332	(((
111.2	333	Every LPS8N has a unique gateway id. The ID can be found at LoRaWAN page:
78.3	334	)))
50.3	335
80.4	336	(((
111.2	337	[[image:1657091583941-544.png]]
80.4	338	)))
50.3	339
111.2	340	The example gateway id is: (% style="color:green" %)a840411e96744154
50.3	341
111.2	342
50.3	343	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Step 2: Sign up a user account in TTN server
	344
	345	[[https:~~/~~/account.thethingsnetwork.org/register>>url:https://account.thethingsnetwork.org/register]]
	346
73.5	347	[[image:1652422127479-258.png\|\|height="346" width="738"]]
50.3	348
	349	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Step 3: Choose the TTNv3 Cluster Picker
	350
80.4	351	(((
73.5	352	[[image:1652422142236-792.png\|\|height="356" width="737"]]
80.4	353	)))
50.3	354
	355	(% style="color:red" %)Note: Choose the cluster corresponds to a specific Gateway server address
	356
	357	* Europe 1 (% style="color:red" %)corresponding Gateway server address: (% style="color:black" %)eu1.cloud.thethings.network
	358	* North America 1 (% style="color:red" %)corresponding Gateway server address: (% style="color:black" %)nam1.cloud.thethings.network
	359	* Australia 1 (% style="color:red" %)corresponding Gateway server address: (% style="color:black" %)au1.cloud.thethings.network
	360	* Legacy V2 Console : (% style="color:red" %)TTN v2 shuts down in December 2021
	361
	362	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Step 4: Create a Gateway
	363
73.5	364	[[image:1652422440891-514.png\|\|height="360" width="747"]]
50.3	365
	366	Click the Gateway icon and then click Add gateway.
	367
	368	Open the following page:
	369
73.5	370	[[image:1652422470352-518.png\|\|height="391" width="716"]]
50.3	371
73.5	372	[[image:1652422479876-297.png\|\|height="398" width="729"]]
50.3	373
80.4	374	(((
50.3	375	(% style="color:red" %)Notice: Gateway Server address must match the gateway configuration, otherwise you will have problem for End Node to join the network.
80.4	376	)))
50.3	377
	378	After creating the gateway, you can see the gateway info, as below.
	379
73.5	380	[[image:1652422509034-682.png\|\|height="299" width="739"]]
50.3	381
	382	== 4.2 Configure DLOS8N to connect to TTN v3 ==
	383
80.4	384	(((
50.3	385	You can now configure the DLOS8N to let it connect to TTN network V3.
80.4	386	)))
50.3	387
80.4	388	(((
50.3	389	Make sure your DLOS8N has a working Internet Connection first.
80.4	390	)))
50.3	391
80.4	392	(((
50.3	393	Choose the right server provider and click (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Save&Apply
80.4	394	)))
50.3	395
73.5	396	[[image:1652422624783-580.png\|\|height="327" width="729"]]
50.3	397
	398	(% style="color:red" %)Note: The server address must match the Gateway server address you choose in TTN V3.
	399
	400	In the home page, we can see the LoRaWAN connection is ready now.
	401
73.5	402	[[image:1652422685063-596.png\|\|height="327" width="729"]]
50.3	403
	404	In TTN v3 portal, we can also see the gateway is connected.
	405
73.5	406	[[image:1652422703020-955.png\|\|height="343" width="730"]]
50.3	407
	408	== 4.3 Configure frequency ==
	409
	410	We also need to set the frequency plan in DLOS8N to match the end node we use, so to receive the LoRaWAN packets from the LoRaWAN sensor.
	411
73.5	412	[[image:1652422737399-529.png\|\|height="362" width="737"]]
50.3	413
	414
	415	In logread page, user can check the frequency actually used.
	416
73.5	417	[[image:1652422763536-750.png\|\|height="514" width="730"]]
50.3	418
78.3	419	== 4.4 Add a LoRaWAN End Device ==
50.3	420
78.3	421	(((
50.3	422	This section shows how to add a LoRaWAN End device to a LoRaWAN network and see the data from TTN web site.
78.3	423	)))
50.3	424
78.3	425	(((
50.3	426	We use [[LT-22222-L>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-end-node/item/156-lt-22222-l.html]] IO Controller as a reference device - the setup for other LoRaWAN devices will be similar.
78.3	427	)))
50.3	428
73.5	429	[[image:1652422794767-871.png]]
50.3	430
78.3	431	(((
50.3	432	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Step 1: (% style="color:black" %)Create a Device definition in TTN v3 with the OTAA keys from the example LT-22222-L IO Controller device.
78.3	433	)))
50.3	434
78.3	435	(((
50.3	436	Three codes are required to define the device in TTN v3:
78.3	437	)))
50.3	438
	439	* DEV EUI - Unique ID code for a particular device.
	440	* APP EUI - ID code for an Application defined in TTN v3.
	441	* APP Key - Unique key to secure communications with a particular device.
	442
78.3	443	(((
50.3	444	A set of these codes are stored in each device by the manufacturer as the default codes for that particular device. Each device is shipped with a sticker with the default Device EUI as shown below.
78.3	445	)))
50.3	446
73.5	447	[[image:1652422840936-838.png]]
50.3	448
78.3	449	(((
50.3	450	(% style="color:red" %)Note: You may be able to change these codes in a device by using a configuration facility on the device e.g. the LT-22222 uses a serial port access and a series of AT commands. Changing the codes may be necessary in the case where you have to use codes assigned by a LoRa WAN server.
78.3	451	)))
50.3	452
78.3	453	(((
50.3	454	For the TTN v3 server, you can use the codes set in the device as in the following example.
78.3	455	)))
50.3	456
78.3	457	(((
50.3	458	Select Add Application to open the screen below.
78.3	459	)))
50.3	460
73.5	461	[[image:1652422946999-255.png\|\|height="356" width="744"]]
50.3	462
	463	Open the Application select Add end device
	464
	465	Start Register the end device
	466
73.5	467	[[image:1652422975885-591.png\|\|height="359" width="726"]]
50.3	468
78.3	469	(((
50.3	470	Select OTAA activation mode
78.3	471	)))
50.3	472
78.3	473	(((
50.3	474	The LoRaWAN version for your device should be provided by the manufacturer in a datasheet as LoRaWAN version or LoRaWAN specification. The most commonly used LoRaWAN versions are v1.0.2 and v1.0.3.
78.3	475	)))
50.3	476
73.5	477	[[image:1652422998005-968.png\|\|height="352" width="744"]]
50.3	478
	479	First, input the End device ID, AppEUI and DevEUI.
	480
73.5	481	[[image:1652423022781-339.png\|\|height="365" width="741"]]
50.3	482
	483	Secondly, choose the corresponding frequency and LoRaWAN class capabilities.
	484
73.5	485	[[image:1652423046741-467.png\|\|height="355" width="736"]]
50.3	486
78.3	487	(((
50.3	488	Finally, Application layer settings input the corresponding AppKey. Before saving the configuration, check that the data matches the device.
78.3	489	)))
50.3	490
78.3	491	(((
50.3	492	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)Step 2: (% style="color:black" %)Power on LT-22222-L device and it will automatically join the TTN network. After joining successfully, it will start to upload messages to the TTN v3. Select the Live data tab and you will see the data appearing in the panel.
78.3	493	)))
50.3	494
78.3	495	(((
50.3	496	(% style="color:red" %)Note that it may take some time for the device data to appear in the TTN v3 display.
78.3	497	)))
50.3	498
73.5	499	[[image:1652423277549-324.png\|\|height="273" width="745"]]
50.3	500
	501	= 5. Web Configure Pages =
	502
	503	== 5.1 Home ==
	504
	505	Shows the system running status.
	506
73.5	507	[[image:1652423418568-752.png\|\|height="329" width="724"]]
50.3	508
	509	== 5.2 LoRa Settings ==
	510
	511	=== 5.2.1 LoRa ~-~-> LoRa ===
	512
78.4	513	(((
50.3	514	This page shows the LoRa Radio Settings. There are a set of default frequency band according to LoRaWAN protocol, and user can customized the band* as well.
78.4	515	)))
50.3	516
78.4	517	(((
50.3	518	Different DLOS8N hardware version can support different frequency range:
78.4	519	)))
50.3	520
	521	* 868: valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865 or KZ865.
	522	* 915: valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920
	523
78.4	524	(((
50.3	525	After user choose the frequency plan, he can see the actually frequency in used by checking the page LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log
78.4	526	)))
50.3	527
73.5	528	[[image:1652423554776-574.png\|\|height="380" width="740"]]
50.3	529
80.10	530	Note : [[See this instruction for how to customize frequency band>>doc:Main.How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band.WebHome]]*
50.3	531
	532
	533	=== 5.2.2 LoRa ~-~-> ABP Decryption ===
	534
	535	The DLOS8N can communicate with LoRaWAN ABP End Node without the need of LoRaWAN server. It can be used in some cases such as:
	536
	537	* No internet connection.
80.9	538	* User wants to get data forward in gateway and forward to their server based on MQTT/HTTP, etc. (Combine ABP communication method and [[MQTT forward together>>doc:Main.MQTT Forward Instruction.WebHome]]).
50.3	539
78.4	540	(((
80.10	541	Detail of this feature: [[Communication with ABP End Node>>doc:Main.Communicate with ABP End Node without LoRaWAN Network Server --- LG308.WebHome]]
78.4	542	)))
50.3	543
73.5	544	[[image:1652423628833-467.png\|\|height="357" width="755"]]
50.3	545
	546	== 5.3 LoRaWAN Settings ==
	547
	548	=== 5.3.1 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN ===
	549
	550	This page is for the connection set up to a general LoRaWAN Network server such as: [[TTN>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]], [[ChirpStack>>url:https://www.chirpstack.io/]] etc
	551
73.5	552	[[image:1652423628833-467.png\|\|height="357" width="755"]]
50.3	553
	554	(% style="color:red" %)Note:
	555
	556	~*: User can ignore the latitude and longitude settings here, DLOS8N will use the actually value from GPS module.
	557
	558	~**: Packet filter is to drop the unwanted LoRaWAN packet, instruction see here:
	559
80.10	560	See: [[Filter unwanted LoRaWAN packets>>doc:Main.Filter unwanted LoRaWAN packets.WebHome]]
50.3	561
	562	=== 5.3.2 LoRaWAN ~-~-> Amazon AWS-IoT ===
	563
73.5	564	[[image:1652428499323-384.png\|\|height="275" width="723"]]
50.3	565
78.4	566	(((
80.10	567	Please see this instruction to know more detail and demo for how to connect to [[AWS-IoT LoRaWAN Core>>doc:Main.AWS IoT Core for LoRaWAN.WebHome]].
78.4	568	)))
50.3	569
	570	=== 5.3.3 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LORIOT ===
	571
78.4	572	(((
50.3	573	Settings to communicate to LORIOT LoRaWAN Network Server: [[https:~~/~~/www.loriot.io/>>url:https://www.loriot.io/]]
78.4	574	)))
50.3	575
78.4	576	(((
80.10	577	Instruction: [[Notes for LORIOT>>doc:Main.Notes for LORIOT.WebHome]]
78.4	578	)))
50.3	579
73.5	580	[[image:1652428648903-878.png\|\|height="266" width="731"]]
50.3	581
	582	== 5.4 MQTT Settings ==
	583
	584	If end nodes works in ABP mode, user can configure DLOS8N to transfer the data to MQTT broker,
	585
80.10	586	Instruction: [[MQTT Forward Instruction>>doc:Main.MQTT Forward Instruction.WebHome]]
50.3	587
	588
73.5	589	[[image:1652428705046-212.png\|\|height="417" width="733"]]
50.3	590
	591	== 5.5 System ==
	592
	593	=== 5.5.1 System ~-~-> System Overview ===
	594
	595	Shows the system info:
	596
73.5	597	[[image:1652428773760-580.png\|\|height="408" width="728"]]
50.3	598
	599	=== 5.5.2 System ~-~-> General ( login settings) ===
	600
73.5	601	[[image:1652428861256-300.png\|\|height="354" width="724"]]
50.3	602
78.5	603	(((
54.2	604	__System Password:__
78.5	605	)))
50.3	606
78.5	607	(((
54.2	608	There are two login for DLOS8N: (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)root /dragino (% style="color:black" %)or (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)admin /dragino. (% style="color:black" %)Both root and admin has the same right for WEB access. But root user has also the right to access via SSH to Linux system. admin only able to access WEB interface.
78.5	609	)))
50.3	610
78.5	611	(((
50.3	612	This page can be used to set the password for them.
78.5	613	)))
50.3	614
54.2	615	(((
78.5	616	__Timezone:__Set device timezone.
	617	)))
50.3	618
54.2	619	(((
78.5	620	__Port forwarding:__Enable/Disable the HTTP and SSH access via WAN interface.
	621	)))
50.3	622
54.2	623	=== 5.5.3 System ~-~-> Network ===
50.3	624
73.5	625	[[image:1652429149053-824.png\|\|height="467" width="725"]]
50.3	626
78.5	627	(((
	628	__LAN Settings:__When the DLOS8N has the AP enable, LAN settings specify the network info for DLOS8N’s own network.
	629	)))
50.3	630
54.2	631	(((
78.5	632	__WAN Settings:__Setting for DLOS8N WAN port
54.2	633	)))
50.3	634
54.2	635	(((
78.5	636	__WiFi Settings:__Setting for DLOS8N WiFi IP when use it as WiFi Client
80.4	637
	638
54.2	639	)))
50.3	640
54.2	641	=== 5.5.4 System ~-~-> WiFi ===
50.3	642
	643	DLOS8N WiFi Settings.
	644
73.5	645	[[image:1652429430767-921.png\|\|height="367" width="723"]]
50.3	646
54.2	647	=== 5.5.5 System ~-~-> Cellular ===
50.3	648
	649	While use the cellular as Backup WAN, device will use Cellular for internet connection while WAN port or WiFi is not valid and switch back to WAN port or WiFi after they recover.
	650
73.5	651	[[image:1652429309615-825.png\|\|height="320" width="732"]]
50.3	652
54.2	653	(% style="color:red" %)Note *: For DLOS8N which doesn’t have the cellular module, this page will shows Cellular not detected.
50.3	654
59.2	655	=== 5.5.6 System ~-~-> Network Status ===
50.3	656
73.5	657	[[image:1652429486609-208.png\|\|height="415" width="728"]]
50.3	658
59.2	659	=== 5.5.7 System ~-~-> Remote Mgnt & Auto Provision ===
50.3	660
	661	Auto Provision is the feature for batch configure and remote management. It can be used in below two cases:
	662
73.5	663	[[image:1652429518191-846.png\|\|height="332" width="733"]]
50.3	664
73.5	665	[[image:1652429527544-247.png\|\|height="327" width="724"]]
50.3	666
73.5	667	[[image:1652429537849-154.png\|\|height="339" width="722"]]
50.3	668
	669	Please see this document for detail:
	670
80.4	671	(((
50.3	672	[[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Application_Note/&file=Auto-update-feature.pdf>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Application_Note/&file=Auto-update-feature.pdf]]
80.4	673	)))
50.3	674
	675
80.10	676	R-SSH is for remote access device and management, introduction for how to use: [[Remote Access Gateway>>doc:Main.Remote Access Gateway.WebHome]]
50.3	677
73.5	678	[[image:1652429624400-864.png\|\|height="432" width="716"]]
50.3	679
80.10	680
66.2	681	=== 5.5.8 System ~-~-> Firmware Upgrade ===
50.3	682
	683	We keep improving the DLOS8N Linux side firmware for new features and bug fixes. Below are the links for reference.
	684
	685	* Latest firmware: [[LoRa Gateway Firmware>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/]],
	686
	687	( [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/]] )
	688
	689	* Change Log: [[Firmware Change Log>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/ChangeLog]].
	690
	691	( [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/ChangeLog>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/ChangeLog]] )
	692
78.5	693	(((
66.2	694	The file named as (% style="color:green" %)xxxxx–xxxxx-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin (% style="color:black" %)is the upgrade Image. There are different methods to upgrade, as below.
78.5	695	)))
50.3	696
78.5	697	(((
66.2	698	(% style="color:green" %)Web~-~-> System~-~-> Firmware Upgrade
78.5	699	)))
50.3	700
73.5	701	[[image:1652429711145-862.png\|\|height="270" width="737"]]
50.3	702
	703	Select the required image and click Flash Image. The image will be uploaded to the device, and then click Process Update to upgrade.
	704
66.2	705	(% style="color:red" %)NOTE: (% style="color:black" %)You normally need to //uncheck// the Preserve Settings checkbox when doing an upgrade to ensure that there is no conflict between the old settings and the new firmware. The new firmware will start up with its default settings.
50.3	706
	707	The system will automatically boot into the new firmware after upgrade.
	708
73.5	709	[[image:1652429962190-224.png\|\|height="358" width="729"]]
50.3	710
66.2	711	(% style="color:red" %)NOTE*(%%): User can also upgrade firmware via Linux console
50.3	712
66.2	713	SCP the firmware to the system(% style="color:green" %)/var(%%) directory and then run
50.3	714
66.2	715	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)//root@OpenWrt:~~# /sbin/sysupgrade –n /var/Your_Image//
50.3	716
66.2	717	(% style="color:red" %)NOTE(%%) : it is important to transfer the image in the /var directory, otherwise it may exceed the available flash size.
50.3	718
66.2	719	=== 5.5.9 System ~-~-> Reboot/Reset ===
50.3	720
73.5	721	[[image:1652430197132-330.png\|\|height="256" width="724"]]
50.3	722
73.7	723	(((
	724
	725	)))
50.3	726
66.2	727	=== 5.5.10 System ~-~-> Package Maintain ===
50.3	728
73.5	729	[[image:1652430243826-126.png\|\|height="289" width="723"]]
50.3	730
	731	Place to show what package has installed and possible to upgrade packages.
	732
66.2	733	== 5.6 LogRead ==
50.3	734
66.2	735	=== 5.6.1 LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log ===
50.3	736
	737
	738	Show the frequency for LoRa Radio and traffics.
	739
91.1	740	[[image:image-20220615204306-1.png\|\|height="575" width="733"]]
	741
	742
	743	Show the IoT Server Connection State and FWD State
	744
93.1	745	[[image:image-20220616083933-1.png\|\|height="556" width="729"]]
91.1	746
93.1	747	DLOS8 can view GPS location in the Logread FWD State
91.1	748
93.1	749
91.1	750	Show the Error logs, RxTxJson lorawan packages, and PULL State
	751
	752	[[image:image-20220615205416-6.png\|\|height="442" width="884"]]
	753
	754
66.2	755	=== 5.6.2 LogRead ~-~-> System Log ===
50.3	756
	757	Show the system log
	758
73.5	759	[[image:1652430369760-511.png\|\|height="373" width="730"]]
50.3	760
66.2	761	= 6. More features =
50.3	762
66.2	763	== 6.1 More instructions ==
50.3	764
80.12	765	[[LoRaWAN Gateway Instruction>>doc:Main.WebHome]](LoRaWAN Gateway)
50.3	766
80.12	767
66.2	768	= 7. Linux System =
50.3	769
	770	The DLOS8N is based on the OpenWrt Linux system. It is open source, and users are free to configure and modify the Linux settings.
	771
66.2	772	== 7.1 SSH Access for Linux console ==
50.3	773
	774	User can access the Linux console via the SSH protocol. Make sure your PC and the DLOS8N are connected to the same network, then use a SSH tool (such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]] in Windows) to access it.
	775
	776	IP address: IP address of DLOS8N
	777
	778	Port: 22 (via WiFi AP mode) or 2222 (via WAN Interface)
	779
71.2	780	User Name: (% style="color:green" %)root
50.3	781
71.2	782	Password: (% style="color:green" %)dragino (% style="color:black" %)(default)
50.3	783
	784	After logging in, you will be in the Linux console and can enter commands as shown below.
	785
73.5	786	[[image:1652431588565-830.png]]
50.3	787
71.2	788	The “(% class="mark" %)logread -f(%%)” command can be used to debug how system runs.
50.3	789
73.5	790	[[image:1652431609193-637.png\|\|height="214" width="732"]]
71.2	791
80.13	792
67.3	793	== 7.2 Edit and Transfer files ==
50.3	794
78.5	795	(((
71.2	796	The DLOS8N supports the (% style="color:green" %)SCP protocol (% style="color:black" %)and has a built-in (% style="color:green" %)SFTP server. (% style="color:black" %)There are many ways to edit and transfer files using these protocols.
78.5	797	)))
50.3	798
78.5	799	(((
50.3	800	In Windows, one of the easiest methods is using the [[WinSCP>>url:https://winscp.net/eng/index.php]] utility.
78.5	801	)))
50.3	802
78.5	803	(((
50.3	804	After establishing access via WinSCP to the device, you can use an FTP style window to drag / drop files to the DLOS8N, or edit the files directly in the windows.
78.5	805	)))
50.3	806
78.5	807	(((
50.3	808	Screenshot is as below:
78.5	809	)))
50.3	810
73.5	811	[[image:1652431650755-450.png]]
50.3	812
	813
71.3	814	== 7.3 File System ==
	815
78.6	816	(((
50.3	817	The DLOS8N has a 16MB flash and a 64MB RAM. The /var and /tmp directories are in the RAM, so contents stored in /tmp and /var will be erased after rebooting the device. Other directories are in the flash and will remain after reboot.
78.6	818	)))
50.3	819
78.6	820	(((
50.3	821	The Linux system uses around 8MB ~~10MB flash size which means there is not much room for user to store data in the DLOS8N flash.
78.6	822	)))
50.3	823
78.6	824	(((
50.3	825	You can use an external USB flash memory device to extend the size of flash memory for storage.
78.6	826	)))
50.3	827
71.6	828
71.3	829	== 7.4 Package maintenance system ==
50.3	830
71.3	831	DLOS8N uses the OpenWrt [[OPKG package maintenance system>>https://oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg]]. There are more than 3000+ packages available in our package server for users to install for their applications. For example, if you want to add the //iperf // tool, you can install the related packages and configure DLOS8N to use //iperf //.
50.3	832
78.6	833	(((
71.3	834	Below are some example //opkg // commands. For more information please refer to the [[OPKG package maintain system>>https://oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg]] ([[https:~~/~~/oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg>>https://oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg]])
78.6	835	)))
50.3	836
78.6	837	(((
71.6	838	In Linux Console run:
78.6	839	)))
50.3	840
71.6	841	(((
71.7	842	(% style="color:green" %)root@dragino-169d30:~~# opkg update (% style="color:black" %)~/~/ to get the latest packages list
71.6	843	)))
50.3	844
71.6	845	(((
	846	(% style="color:green" %)root@dragino-169d30:~~# opkg list (% style="color:black" %) ~/~/shows the available packages
	847	)))
50.3	848
71.6	849	(((
	850	(% style="color:green" %)root@dragino-169d30:~~# opkg install iperf (% style="color:black" %)~/~/ install iperf
	851	)))
50.3	852
	853	The system will automatically install the required packages as shown below.
	854
	855
71.6	856	(((
71.7	857	(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//root@dragino-169d30:/etc/opkg# opkg install iperf//
71.6	858	)))
50.3	859
71.6	860	(((
71.7	861	(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Installing iperf (2.0.12-1) to root…//
71.6	862	)))
50.3	863
71.6	864	(((
73.3	865	(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Downloading //[[(% style="background-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); background-color: rgb(220, 220, 220)" %)//http:~~/~~/downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/packages/mips_24kc/base/iperf_2.0.12-1_mips_24kc.ipk//>>url:http://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/packages/mips_24kc/base/iperf_2.0.12-1_mips_24kc.ipk]]
71.6	866	)))
50.3	867
71.6	868	(((
71.7	869	(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Installing uclibcxx (0.2.4-3) to root…//
71.6	870	)))
50.3	871
71.6	872	(((
73.3	873	(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Downloading //[[(% style="background-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); background-color: rgb(220, 220, 220)" %)//http:~~/~~/downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/packages/mips_24kc/base/uclibcxx_0.2.4-3_mips_24kc.ipk//>>url:http://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/packages/mips_24kc/base/uclibcxx_0.2.4-3_mips_24kc.ipk]]
71.6	874	)))
50.3	875
71.6	876	(((
71.7	877	(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Configuring uclibcxx.//
71.6	878	)))
50.3	879
71.6	880	(((
71.7	881	(% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Configuring iperf.//
71.6	882	)))
50.3	883
73.2	884	= 8. Upgrade Linux Firmware =
50.3	885
71.7	886
73.2	887	= 9. FAQ =
	888
71.6	889	== 9.1 How can I configure for a customized frequency band? ==
50.3	890
78.6	891	(((
80.10	892	See below link for how to customize frequency band: [[How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band>>doc:Main.How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band.WebHome]]
78.6	893	)))
50.3	894
78.6	895	(((
80.10	896
78.6	897	)))
50.3	898
71.6	899	== 9.2 Can I connect DLOS8N to LORIOT? ==
50.3	900
80.10	901	Yes, the set up instruction is here: [[Notes for LORIOT>>doc:Main.Notes for LORIOT.WebHome]]
50.3	902
73.2	903
71.6	904	== 9.3 Can I make my own firmware for the gateway, where can I find the source code? ==
50.3	905
78.6	906	(((
50.3	907	Yes, You can make your own firmware for the DLOS8N for branding purposes or to add customized applications.
78.6	908	)))
50.3	909
78.6	910	(((
50.3	911	The source code and compile instructions can be found at: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/openwrt_lede-18.06>>url:https://github.com/dragino/openwrt_lede-18.06]]
78.6	912	)))
50.3	913
73.2	914
71.6	915	== 9.4 Can I use 868Mhz version for 915Mhz bands? ==
50.3	916
	917	It is possible but the distance will be very short, you can select US915 frequency band in 868Mhz version hardware. It will work but you will see the performance is greatly decreased because the 868Mhz version has an RF filter for band 863~~870Mhz, all other frequencies will have high attenuation.
	918
71.7	919
73.2	920	= 10. Trouble Shooting =
	921
71.6	922	== 10.1 I get kernel error when install new package, how to fix? ==
50.3	923
	924	In some cases, when installing a package with //opkg//, it will generate a kernel error such as below due to a mismatch I the kernel ID:
	925
73.3	926	(% style="background-color:yellow" %)root@dragino-16c538:~~# opkg install kmod-dragino2-si3217x_3.10.49+0.2-1_ar71xx.ipk
50.3	927
73.5	928	(% style="background-color:yellow" %)Installing kmod-dragino2-si3217x (3.10.49+0.2-1) to root…
50.3	929
73.3	930	(% style="background-color:yellow" %)Collected errors:
50.3	931
73.3	932	(% style="background-color:yellow" %)* satisfy_dependencies_for: Cannot satisfy the following dependencies for kmod-dragino2-si3217x:
50.3	933
73.3	934	(% style="background-color:yellow" %)* kernel (= 3.10.49-1-4917516478a753314254643facdf360a) *
50.3	935
73.3	936	(% style="background-color:yellow" %)* opkg_install_cmd: Cannot install package kmod-dragino2-si3217x.
50.3	937
78.6	938	(((
50.3	939	In this case, you can use the –force-depends option to install such package as long as the actual kernel version is the same.
78.6	940	)))
50.3	941
73.3	942	(% style="background-color:yellow" %)Opkg install kmod-dragino2-si3217x_3.10.49+0.2-1_ar71xx.ipk –force-depends
50.3	943
73.2	944
71.6	945	== 10.2 How to recover the DLOS8N if the firmware crashes ==
50.3	946
78.6	947	(((
80.11	948	Please follow this instruction to recover your gateway: [[Recover Gateway>>doc:Main.How to Recover Gateway if can't access it.WebHome]]
78.6	949	)))
50.3	950
78.6	951	(((
80.11	952
78.6	953	)))
50.3	954
71.6	955	== 10.3 I configured DLOS8N for WiFi access and lost its IP. What to do now? ==
50.3	956
73.5	957	[[image:1652435238615-272.png\|\|height="247" width="727"]]
50.3	958
78.6	959	(((
50.3	960	The DLOS8N has a fall-back IP address on its WAN port. This IP is always enabled so you can use the fall-back IP to access DLOS8N no matter what the WiFi IP is. The fall back IP is useful for connecting and debug the unit.
78.6	961	)))
50.3	962
73.5	963	(% style="color:red" %)Note: fallback IP can be disabled in the WAN and DHCP page.
50.3	964
	965
	966	Steps to connect via fall back IP:
	967
73.2	968	~1. Connect PC’s Ethernet port to DLOS8N’s WAN port
	969
	970	2. Configure PC’s Ethernet port has
73.5	971	IP: 172.31.255.253 and
	972	Netmask: 255.255.255.252
50.3	973
	974	As below photo:
	975
73.5	976	[[image:1652435256286-879.png]]
50.3	977
73.2	978	3. In the PC, use IP address 172.31.255.254 to access the DLOS8N via Web or Console.
50.3	979
	980	Please note the latest firmware uses port 8000 for http and 2222 for ssh access.
	981
73.5	982
71.7	983	= 11. Order Info =
50.3	984
73.6	985	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %) //PART: DLOS8N-XXX-YYY//:
50.3	986
73.6	987	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %) //XXX: Frequency Band//
50.3	988
73.6	989	* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %) 868(% style="color:black" %) : valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865 or KZ865.
	990	* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %) 915(% style="color:black" %): valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920
50.3	991
73.6	992	(% style="color:#4f81bd" %) //YYY: 4G Cellular Option//
50.3	993
73.6	994	* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %) E(% style="color:black" %): EMEA, Korea, Thailand, India.
	995	* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %) A(% style="color:black" %): North America/ Rogers/AT&T/T-Mobile.
	996	* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %) AU(% style="color:black" %): Latin America, New Zeland, Taiwan
	997	* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %) J(% style="color:black" %): Japan, DOCOMO/SoftBank/ KDDI
50.3	998
	999	More info about valid bands, please see [[EC25-E product page>>url:https://www.quectel.com/product/ec25.htm]].
	1000
73.6	1001
71.7	1002	= 12. Packing Info =
50.3	1003
78.6	1004	(((
50.3	1005	Package Includes:
78.6	1006	)))
50.3	1007
	1008	* DLOS8N LoRaWAN Gateway x 1
	1009	* Stick Antenna for LoRa RF part. Frequency is one of 470 or 868 or 915Mhz depends the model ordered
	1010	* Packaging with environmental protection paper box
	1011
78.6	1012	(((
50.3	1013	Dimension and weight:
78.6	1014	)))
50.3	1015
	1016	* Device Size: 12 x 12 x 3 cm
	1017	* Weight: 187g
	1018	* Package Size: 14.5 x 13.5 x 6 cm
	1019	* Weight: 300g
	1020
71.7	1021	= 13. Support =
50.3	1022
80.15	1023	* Try to see if your questions already answered in the [[wiki>>doc:Main.WebHome]].
50.3	1024	* Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8.
	1025	Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before mentioned schedule.
71.7	1026	* Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to:[[support@dragino.com>>url:file:///C:/Users/11315/Documents/D:/Projects/LoRa%20Product%20Line/LG308%20Picocell%20Gateway/LG308/LG308%20%25E8%25AF%25B4%25E6%2598%258E%25E4%25B9%25A6/support@dragino.com]]

Wiki source code of LPS8N - LoRaWAN Gateway User Manual

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