Changes for page LPS8N -- LoRaWAN Gateway User Manual
Last modified by Kilight Cao on 2024/05/18 14:36
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... ... @@ -103,6 +103,8 @@ 103 103 * Worldwide LTE,UMTS/HSPA+ and GSM/GPRS/EDGE coverage 104 104 * MIMO technology meets demands for data rate and link reliability in modem wireless communication systems 105 105 106 + 107 + 106 106 == 1.3 Features == 107 107 108 108 * Open Source OpenWrt system ... ... @@ -119,6 +119,8 @@ 119 119 * Support LoRaWAN basic station. 120 120 * Optional 3G/4G cellular connection 121 121 124 + 125 + 122 122 == 1.4 Hardware System Structure == 123 123 124 124 [[image:1657079015096-949.png]] ... ... @@ -143,6 +143,8 @@ 143 143 144 144 * **ETH LED **[[image:image-20220706115518-4.png||height="15" width="17"]] : This LED shows the ETH interface connection status. 145 145 150 + 151 + 146 146 = 2. Access and Configure LPS8N = 147 147 148 148 ((( ... ... @@ -231,6 +231,8 @@ 231 231 * **WiFi Client Mode** 232 232 * **WiFi AP Mode** 233 233 240 + 241 + 234 234 == 3.2 Use WAN port to access Internet == 235 235 236 236 By default, the LPS8N is set to use the WAN port to connect to an upstream network. When you connect the LPS8N's WAN port to an upstream router, LPS8N will get an IP address from the router and have Internet access via the upstream router. The network status can be checked in the (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**home page**: ... ... @@ -355,6 +355,8 @@ 355 355 * Australia 1 (% style="color:red" %)**corresponding Gateway server address: **(% style="color:black" %)au1.cloud.thethings.network 356 356 * Legacy V2 Console : (% style="color:red" %)**TTN v2 shuts down in December 2021** 357 357 366 + 367 + 358 358 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Step 4: Create a Gateway** 359 359 360 360 [[image:1657091941182-367.png]] ... ... @@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ 591 591 592 592 ))) 593 593 594 -=== 5.3.3 604 +=== 5.3.3 LoRaWAN ~-~-> LORIOT === 595 595 596 596 ((( 597 597 Settings to communicate to LORIOT LoRaWAN Network Server: [[https:~~/~~/www.loriot.io/>>url:https://www.loriot.io/]] ... ... @@ -604,9 +604,9 @@ 604 604 [[image:1652428648903-878.png||height="266" width="731"]] 605 605 606 606 607 -== 5.4 617 +== 5.4 MQTT Settings == 608 608 609 -If end nodes works in ABP mode, user can configure L PS8N to transfer the data to MQTT broker,619 +If end nodes works in ABP mode, user can configure DLOS8N to transfer the data to MQTT broker, 610 610 611 611 Instruction: **[[MQTT Forward Instruction>>doc:Main.MQTT Forward Instruction.WebHome]]** 612 612 ... ... @@ -614,9 +614,9 @@ 614 614 [[image:1652428705046-212.png||height="417" width="733"]] 615 615 616 616 617 -== 5.5 627 +== 5.5 System == 618 618 619 -=== 5.5.1 629 +=== 5.5.1 System ~-~-> System Overview === 620 620 621 621 Shows the system info: 622 622 ... ... @@ -624,7 +624,7 @@ 624 624 625 625 626 626 627 -=== 5.5.2 637 +=== 5.5.2 System ~-~-> General ( login settings) === 628 628 629 629 [[image:1657155183982-792.png]] 630 630 ... ... @@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ 633 633 ))) 634 634 635 635 ((( 636 -There are two login for L PS8N: (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)root /dragino (% style="color:black" %)or (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)admin /dragino. (% style="color:black" %)Both root and admin has the same right for WEB access. But root user has also the right to access via SSH to Linux system. admin only able to access WEB interface.646 +There are two login for DLOS8N: (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)root /dragino (% style="color:black" %)or (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)admin /dragino. (% style="color:black" %)Both root and admin has the same right for WEB access. But root user has also the right to access via SSH to Linux system. admin only able to access WEB interface. 637 637 ))) 638 638 639 639 ((( ... ... @@ -651,86 +651,76 @@ 651 651 652 652 ))) 653 653 654 -=== 5.5.3 664 +=== 5.5.3 System ~-~-> Network === 655 655 656 -[[image:165 7155288223-566.png]]666 +[[image:1652429149053-824.png||height="467" width="725"]] 657 657 658 658 ((( 659 -**__LAN Settings: PS8N has the AP enable, LAN settings specify the network info for LPS8N's own network.669 +**__LAN Settings:__**When the DLOS8N has the AP enable, LAN settings specify the network info for DLOS8N’s own network. 660 660 ))) 661 661 662 662 ((( 663 -__**WAN Settings: PS8N WAN port673 +__**WAN Settings:**__Setting for DLOS8N WAN port 664 664 ))) 665 665 666 666 ((( 667 -__**WiFi Settings: PS8N WiFi IP when use it as WiFi Client677 +__**WiFi Settings:**__Setting for DLOS8N WiFi IP when use it as WiFi Client 668 668 669 - 670 670 671 671 ))) 672 672 673 -=== 5.5.4 682 +=== 5.5.4 System ~-~-> WiFi === 674 674 675 -L PS8N WiFi Settings.684 +DLOS8N WiFi Settings. 676 676 677 -[[image:165 7155457089-430.png]]686 +[[image:1652429430767-921.png||height="367" width="723"]] 678 678 688 +=== 5.5.5 System ~-~-> Cellular === 679 679 680 - 681 -=== 5.5.5 System ~-~-> Cellular === 682 - 683 683 While use the cellular as Backup WAN, device will use Cellular for internet connection while WAN port or WiFi is not valid and switch back to WAN port or WiFi after they recover. 684 684 692 +[[image:1652429309615-825.png||height="320" width="732"]] 685 685 686 - [[image:1657155507672-204.png]]694 +(% style="color:red" %)Note *: For DLOS8N which doesn’t have the cellular module, this page will shows Cellular not detected. 687 687 688 - (% style="color:red"%)Note*: For LPS8N which doesn'thavethe cellularmodule,thispageill shows Cellularnotdetected.696 +=== 5.5.6 System ~-~-> Network Status === 689 689 698 +[[image:1652429486609-208.png||height="415" width="728"]] 690 690 700 +=== 5.5.7 System ~-~-> Remote Mgnt & Auto Provision === 691 691 692 - ===5.5.6System~-~-> NetworkStatus===702 +Auto Provision is the feature for batch configure and remote management. It can be used in below two cases: 693 693 704 +[[image:1652429518191-846.png||height="332" width="733"]] 694 694 695 -[[image:165 7155554265-721.png]]706 +[[image:1652429527544-247.png||height="327" width="724"]] 696 696 708 +[[image:1652429537849-154.png||height="339" width="722"]] 697 697 710 +Please see this document for detail: 698 698 699 -=== 5.5.7 System ~-~-> Remote Mgnt & Auto Provision === 712 +((( 713 +[[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Application_Note/&file=Auto-update-feature.pdf>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Application_Note/&file=Auto-update-feature.pdf]] 714 +))) 700 700 701 -Auto Provision is the feature for batch configure and remote management. It can be used in below two cases:(% style="display:none" %) 702 702 703 -(% style="display:none" %) [[image:1657157402578-508.png||height="450" width="992"]] 704 - 705 -(% id="cke_bm_589629S" style="display:none" %) [[image:image-20220707092040-2.png||height="452" width="1002"]] 706 - 707 -[[image:image-20220707092040-3.png||height="449" width="956"]] 708 - 709 - 710 -Please see this document for detail:(% style="display:none" %) 711 - 712 -[[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8N/Firmware/Application_Note/&file=Auto-update-feature.pdf>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Application_Note/&file=Auto-update-feature.pdf]] 713 - 714 - 715 715 R-SSH is for remote access device and management, introduction for how to use: **[[Remote Access Gateway>>doc:Main.Remote Access Gateway.WebHome]]** 716 716 717 717 [[image:1652429624400-864.png||height="432" width="716"]] 718 718 719 719 722 +=== 5.5.8 System ~-~-> Firmware Upgrade === 720 720 721 - ===5.5.8System~-~->FirmwareUpgrade===724 +We keep improving the DLOS8N Linux side firmware for new features and bug fixes. Below are the links for reference. 722 722 723 -We keep improving the LPS8N Linux side firmware for new features and bug fixes. Below are the links for reference. 724 - 725 725 * **Latest firmware**: [[LoRa Gateway Firmware>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/]], 726 726 727 -( [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/L PS8N/Firmware>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LIG16/Firmware]])728 +( [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/]] ) 728 728 729 729 * **Change Log**: [[Firmware Change Log>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/ChangeLog]]. 730 730 731 -( [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/L PS8N/Firmware/ChangeLog>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/LIG16/Firmware/ChangeLog]] )732 +( [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/ChangeLog>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/ChangeLog]] ) 732 732 733 - 734 734 ((( 735 735 The file named as (% style="color:green" %)**xxxxx–xxxxx-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin **(% style="color:black" %)is the upgrade Image. There are different methods to upgrade, as below. 736 736 ))) ... ... @@ -739,16 +739,15 @@ 739 739 (% style="color:green" %)**Web~-~-> System~-~-> Firmware Upgrade** 740 740 ))) 741 741 742 -[[image:1657156 052651-770.png]]742 +[[image:1652429711145-862.png||height="270" width="737"]] 743 743 744 744 Select the required image and click **Flash Image.** The image will be uploaded to the device, and then click **Process Update** to upgrade. 745 745 746 - 747 747 (% style="color:red" %)**NOTE**: (% style="color:black" %)You normally need to **//uncheck//** the **Preserve Settings** checkbox when doing an upgrade to ensure that there is no conflict between the old settings and the new firmware. The new firmware will start up with its default settings. 748 748 749 749 The system will automatically boot into the new firmware after upgrade. 750 750 751 -[[image:165 7156094153-520.png]]750 +[[image:1652429962190-224.png||height="358" width="729"]] 752 752 753 753 (% style="color:red" %)**NOTE***(%%): User can also upgrade firmware via Linux console 754 754 ... ... @@ -756,111 +756,67 @@ 756 756 757 757 (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**//root@OpenWrt:~~# /sbin/sysupgrade –n /var/Your_Image//** 758 758 759 - 760 760 (% style="color:red" %)**NOTE**(%%) : it is important to transfer the image in the /var directory, otherwise it may exceed the available flash size. 761 761 760 +=== 5.5.9 System ~-~-> Reboot/Reset === 762 762 763 -=== 5.5.9 System ~-~-> Reboot/Reset === 764 - 765 765 [[image:1652430197132-330.png||height="256" width="724"]] 766 766 767 767 ((( 768 768 769 - 770 - 771 771 ))) 772 772 773 -=== 5.5.10 768 +=== 5.5.10 System ~-~-> Package Maintain === 774 774 770 +[[image:1652430243826-126.png||height="289" width="723"]] 775 775 776 -[[image:1657156199070-491.png]] 777 - 778 778 Place to show what package has installed and possible to upgrade packages. 779 779 774 +== 5.6 LogRead == 780 780 776 +=== 5.6.1 LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log === 781 781 782 -== 5.6 LogRead == 783 783 784 -=== 5.6.1 LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log === 785 - 786 - 787 787 Show the frequency for LoRa Radio and traffics. 788 788 789 -[[image: 1657156300781-933.png]]781 +[[image:image-20220615204306-1.png||height="575" width="733"]] 790 790 791 791 784 +Show the IoT Server Connection State and FWD State 792 792 793 - === 5.6.2 LogRead ~-~-> System Log ===786 +[[image:image-20220616083933-1.png||height="556" width="729"]] 794 794 795 -S how thesystemlog788 +DLOS8 can view GPS location in the Logread FWD State 796 796 797 -[[image:1657156341198-226.png]] 798 798 791 +Show the Error logs, RxTxJson lorawan packages, and PULL State 799 799 793 +[[image:image-20220615205416-6.png||height="442" width="884"]] 800 800 801 -= 6. More features = 802 802 803 -== 6. 1PacketFiltering ==796 +=== 5.6.2 LogRead ~-~-> System Log === 804 804 805 - Drop unwantedpackets.798 +Show the system log 806 806 807 - See:[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Filter%20unwanted%20LoRaWAN%20packets/>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Filter%20unwanted%20LoRaWAN%20packets/]]800 +[[image:1652430369760-511.png||height="373" width="730"]] 808 808 802 += 6. More features = 809 809 810 -== 6. 2RemoteAccess==804 +== 6.1 More instructions == 811 811 812 -Remote Access Devices for management. 813 - 814 -Instruction: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Remote%20Access%20Gateway/>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Remote%20Access%20Gateway/]] 815 - 816 - 817 -== 6.3 How to decode ABP LoRaWAN node == 818 - 819 -Decode ABP: 820 - 821 -[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Communicate%20with%20ABP%20End%20Node%20without%20LoRaWAN%20Network%20Server%20~~-~~--%20LG308/>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Communicate%20with%20ABP%20End%20Node%20without%20LoRaWAN%20Network%20Server%20---%20LG308/]] 822 - 823 - 824 -== 6.4 How to set data to MQTT broker == 825 - 826 -Only support ABP LoRaWAN End Node 827 - 828 -Instruction: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/MQTT%20Forward%20Instruction/>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/MQTT%20Forward%20Instruction/]] 829 - 830 - 831 -== 6.5 More instructions == 832 - 833 833 [[LoRaWAN Gateway Instruction>>doc:Main.WebHome]](LoRaWAN Gateway) 834 834 835 835 836 -= =6.6Auto-Provision ==809 += 7. Linux System = 837 837 838 - AutoProvision is thefeature forbatchconfigure andremotemanagement. It can beusedinbelowtwo cases:811 +The DLOS8N is based on the OpenWrt Linux system. It is open source, and users are free to configure and modify the Linux settings. 839 839 840 - [[image:image-20220707092040-1.png||height="451"width="995"]]813 +== 7.1 SSH Access for Linux console == 841 841 842 - [[image:image-20220707092040-2.png||height="452"width="1002"]]815 +User can access the Linux console via the SSH protocol. Make sure your PC and the DLOS8N are connected to the same network, then use a SSH tool (such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]] in Windows) to access it. 843 843 844 - [[image:image-20220707092040-3.png||height="449"width="956"]](%style="display:none"%)817 +IP address: IP address of DLOS8N 845 845 846 -Please see this document for detail: 847 - 848 -[[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8N/Firmware/Application_Note/&file=Auto-update-feature.pdf>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Application_Note/&file=Auto-update-feature.pdf]] 849 - 850 -(% style="display:none" %) (%%) 851 - 852 -= 7. (% style="display:none" %) (%%)Linux System = 853 - 854 -The LPS8N is based on the OpenWrt Linux system. It is open source, and users are free to configure and modify the Linux settings. 855 - 856 -(% style="display:none" %) (%%) 857 - 858 -== 7.1 SSH Access for Linux console == 859 - 860 -User can access the Linux console via the SSH protocol. Make sure your PC and the LPS8N are connected to the same network, then use a SSH tool (such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]] in Windows) to access it. 861 - 862 -IP address: IP address of LPS8N 863 - 864 864 Port: 22 (via WiFi AP mode) or 2222 (via WAN Interface) 865 865 866 866 User Name: (% style="color:green" %)**root** ... ... @@ -869,20 +869,17 @@ 869 869 870 870 After logging in, you will be in the Linux console and can enter commands as shown below. 871 871 827 +[[image:1652431588565-830.png]] 872 872 873 -[[image:1657158198733-338.png]] 874 - 875 875 The “(% class="mark" %)**logread -f**(%%)” command can be used to debug how system runs. 876 876 831 +[[image:1652431609193-637.png||height="214" width="732"]] 877 877 878 -[[image:1657158190234-805.png]] 879 879 834 +== 7.2 Edit and Transfer files == 880 880 881 - 882 -== 7.2 Edit and Transfer files == 883 - 884 884 ((( 885 -The L PS8N supports the (% style="color:green" %)**SCP protocol** (% style="color:black" %)and has a built-in (% style="color:green" %)**SFTP server**. (% style="color:black" %)There are many ways to edit and transfer files using these protocols.837 +The DLOS8N supports the (% style="color:green" %)**SCP protocol** (% style="color:black" %)and has a built-in (% style="color:green" %)**SFTP server**. (% style="color:black" %)There are many ways to edit and transfer files using these protocols. 886 886 ))) 887 887 888 888 ((( ... ... @@ -890,7 +890,7 @@ 890 890 ))) 891 891 892 892 ((( 893 -After establishing access via WinSCP to the device, you can use an FTP style window to drag / drop files to the L PS8N, or edit the files directly in the windows.845 +After establishing access via WinSCP to the device, you can use an FTP style window to drag / drop files to the DLOS8N, or edit the files directly in the windows. 894 894 ))) 895 895 896 896 ((( ... ... @@ -900,15 +900,14 @@ 900 900 [[image:1652431650755-450.png]] 901 901 902 902 855 +== 7.3 File System == 903 903 904 -== 7.3 File System == 905 - 906 906 ((( 907 -The L PS8N has a 16MB flash and a 64MB RAM. The /var and /tmp directories are in the RAM, so contents stored in /tmp and /var will be erased after rebooting the device. Other directories are in the flash and will remain after reboot.858 +The DLOS8N has a 16MB flash and a 64MB RAM. The /var and /tmp directories are in the RAM, so contents stored in /tmp and /var will be erased after rebooting the device. Other directories are in the flash and will remain after reboot. 908 908 ))) 909 909 910 910 ((( 911 -The Linux system uses around 8MB ~~10MB flash size which means there is not much room for user to store data in the L PS8N flash.862 +The Linux system uses around 8MB ~~10MB flash size which means there is not much room for user to store data in the DLOS8N flash. 912 912 ))) 913 913 914 914 ((( ... ... @@ -916,9 +916,9 @@ 916 916 ))) 917 917 918 918 919 -== 7.4 870 +== 7.4 Package maintenance system == 920 920 921 -L PS8N uses the OpenWrt [[**OPKG package maintenance system**>>https://oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg]]. There are more than 3000+ packages available in our package server for users to install for their applications. For example, if you want to add the **//iperf //** tool, you can install the related packages and configure LPS8N to use **//iperf //**.872 +DLOS8N uses the OpenWrt [[**OPKG package maintenance system**>>https://oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg]]. There are more than 3000+ packages available in our package server for users to install for their applications. For example, if you want to add the **//iperf //** tool, you can install the related packages and configure DLOS8N to use **//iperf //**. 922 922 923 923 ((( 924 924 Below are some example **//opkg //** commands. For more information please refer to the [[OPKG package maintain system>>https://oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg]]** **([[https:~~/~~/oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg>>https://oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg]]) ... ... @@ -929,11 +929,11 @@ 929 929 ))) 930 930 931 931 ((( 932 -(% style="color:green" %)**root@dragino-169d30:~~# opkg update** 883 +(% style="color:green" %)**root@dragino-169d30:~~# opkg update** (% style="color:black" %)~/~/ to get the latest packages list 933 933 ))) 934 934 935 935 ((( 936 -(% style="color:green" %)**root@dragino-169d30:~~# opkg list** (% style="color:black" %) 887 +(% style="color:green" %)**root@dragino-169d30:~~# opkg list** (% style="color:black" %) ~/~/shows the available packages 937 937 ))) 938 938 939 939 ((( ... ... @@ -969,55 +969,11 @@ 969 969 970 970 ((( 971 971 (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Configuring iperf.// 972 - 973 - 974 - 975 975 ))) 976 976 977 -= 8. 925 += 8. Upgrade Linux Firmware = 978 978 979 -We keep improving the LPS8N Linux side firmware for new features and bug fixes. Below are the links for reference. 980 980 981 -* **Latest firmware**: [[LoRa Gateway Firmware>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/]], 982 - 983 -( [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8N/Firmware>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LIG16/Firmware]]) 984 - 985 -* **Change Log**: [[Firmware Change Log>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/ChangeLog]]. 986 - 987 -( [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/LPS8N/Firmware/ChangeLog>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/LIG16/Firmware/ChangeLog]] ) 988 - 989 - 990 -The file named as (% style="color:green" %)** xxxxx–xxxxx-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin **is the upgrade Image. There are different methods to upgrade, as below. 991 - 992 - 993 -== 8.1 Upgrade via Web UI == 994 - 995 -Go to the page: (% style="color:green" %)**Web à System à Firmware Upgrade** 996 - 997 -Select the required image and click (% style="color:red" %)**Flash Image.**(%%) The image will be uploaded to the device, and then click (% style="color:red" %)**Process Update**(%%) to upgrade. 998 - 999 - 1000 -(% style="color:red" %)**NOTE**(%%): You normally need to **//uncheck//** the **Preserve Settings** checkbox when doing an upgrade to ensure that there is no conflict between the old settings and the new firmware. The new firmware will start up with its default settings. 1001 - 1002 - 1003 -The system will automatically boot into the new firmware after upgrade. 1004 - 1005 - 1006 -[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.png]] 1007 - 1008 - 1009 -== 8.2 Upgrade via Linux console == 1010 - 1011 - 1012 -SCP the firmware to the system** /var** directory and then run 1013 - 1014 -(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** //root@OpenWrt:~~# /sbin/sysupgrade –n /var/Your_Image//** 1015 - 1016 - 1017 -(% style="color:red" %)**NOTE**(%%): it is important to transfer the image in the /var directory, otherwise it may exceed the available flash size. 1018 - 1019 - 1020 - 1021 1021 = 9. FAQ = 1022 1022 1023 1023 == 9.1 How can I configure for a customized frequency band? ==
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