Changes for page LPS8N -- LoRaWAN Gateway User Manual

Last modified by Kilight Cao on 2024/05/18 14:36

From version < 154.2 >

edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/07/07 09:51

To version < 158.12 >

edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/07/29 11:07

Change comment: There is no comment for this version

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@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
  **Table of Contents：**
++{{toc/}}
@@ -104,8 +104,12 @@
  * MIMO technology meets demands for data rate and link reliability in modem wireless communication systems
++
++
++
  == 1.3  Features ==
++
  * Open Source OpenWrt system
  * Managed by Web GUI, SSH via WAN or WiFi
  * Remote access with Reverse-SSH or remote.it
@@ -121,16 +121,23 @@
  * Optional 3G/4G cellular connection
++
++
++
  == 1.4  Hardware System Structure ==
++
  [[image:1657079015096-949.png]]
++
  == 1.5  LPS8N Applications ==
++
  [[image:1657079055940-721.png]]
++
  == 1.6  LED Indicators ==
@@ -146,15 +146,21 @@
  * **ETH LED    **[[image:image-20220706115518-4.png||height="15" width="17"]] :  This LED shows the ETH interface connection status.
++
++
++
  = 2.  Access and Configure LPS8N =
++
  (((
  The LPS8N is configured as a WiFi Access Point by factory default. You can access and configure the LPS8N after connecting to its WiFi network, or via its WAN Ethernet port.
  )))
++
  == 2.1  Find IP address of LPS8N ==
++
  === 2.1.1  Connect via WiFi ===
  [[image:1657085974260-168.png]]
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@
  (((
--Alternatively, connect the LPS8N Ethernet port to your router and DLOS8N will obtain an IP address from your router. In the router's management portal, you should be able to find what IP address the router has assigned to the LPS8N. You can also use this IP to connect.
++Alternatively, connect the LPS8N Ethernet port to your router and LPS8N will obtain an IP address from your router. In the router's management portal, you should be able to find what IP address the router has assigned to the LPS8N. You can also use this IP to connect.
@@ -186,6 +186,7 @@
  === 2.1.3  Connect via WiFi with DHCP IP from router ===
++
  [[image:1657086192720-649.png]]
@@ -195,6 +195,7 @@
  === 2.1.4  Connect via Ethernet with fall back ip ===
++
  The WAN port also has a [[fall back ip address>>||anchor="H10.3A0IconfiguredLPS8NforWiFiaccessandlostitsIP.Whattodonow3F"]] for access if user doesn't connect to uplink router. Click [[here>>||anchor="H10.3A0IconfiguredLPS8NforWiFiaccessandlostitsIP.Whattodonow3F"]] to see how to configure.
@@ -201,6 +201,7 @@
  == 2.2  Access Configure Web UI ==
++
  **Web Interface**
  Open a browser on the PC and type the LPS8N ip address (depends on your connect method)
@@ -226,8 +226,10 @@
  = 3.  Typical Network Setup =
++
  == 3.1  Overview ==
++
  The LPS8N supports flexible network set up for different environments. This section describes the typical network topology. The network set up includes:
  * **WAN Port Internet Mode**
@@ -235,8 +235,12 @@
  * **WiFi AP Mode**
++
++
++
  == 3.2  Use WAN port to access Internet ==
++
  By default, the LPS8N is set to use the WAN port to connect to an upstream network. When you connect the LPS8N's WAN port to an upstream router, LPS8N will get an IP address from the router and have Internet access via the upstream router. The network status can be checked in the (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**home page**:
@@ -243,13 +243,16 @@
  [[image:1657088560833-398.png]]
++
  == 3.3  Access the Internet as a WiFi Client ==
--In the WiFi Client Mode, DLOS8N acts as a WiFi client and gets DHCP from an upstream router via WiFi.
++In the WiFi Client Mode, LPS8N acts as a WiFi client and gets DHCP from an upstream router via WiFi.
++
  (((
  The settings for WiFi Client is under page (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**System~-~-> WiFi ~-~->  WiFi WAN Client Settings**
++
  [[image:1657088818095-182.png]]
  )))
@@ -257,11 +257,13 @@
  (((
  In the WiFi Survey Choose the WiFi AP, and input the Passphrase then click Save & Apply to connect.
++
  )))
  == 3.4  Use built-in 4G modem for internet access ==
++
  (((
  (((
  If the LPS8N has 3G/4G Cellular modem, user can use it as main internet connection or back up.
@@ -297,8 +297,10 @@
  )))
++
  == 3.5  Check Internet connection ==
++
  In the (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**home**(%%) page, we can check the Internet connection.
  * GREEN Tick  [[image:1652436675869-206.png||height="14" width="15"]]  : This interface has Internet connection.
@@ -311,14 +311,16 @@
  = 4.  Example: Configure as a LoRaWAN gateway =
++
  LPS8N is fully compatible with LoRaWAN protocol. It uses the legacy Semtech Packet forwarder to forward the LoRaWAN packets to server. The structure is as below.
++
  (((
  [[image:1657091257648-882.png]]
  )))
  (((
--This chapter describes how to use the DLOS8Nto work with (TTN v3)[[ LoRaWAN Server>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]]  ([[www.thethingsnetwork.org>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]])
++This chapter describes how to use the LPS8N to work with (TTN v3)[[ LoRaWAN Server>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]]  ([[www.thethingsnetwork.org>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]])
  )))
@@ -325,6 +325,7 @@
  == 4.1  Create a gateway in TTN V3 Server ==
++
  (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Step 1: Get a Unique gateway ID.**
  (((
@@ -338,6 +338,7 @@
  The example gateway id is: (% style="color:green" %)**a840411e96744154**
++
  (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Step 2: Sign up a user account in TTN server**
  [[**https:~~/~~/account.thethingsnetwork.org/register**>>url:https://account.thethingsnetwork.org/register]]
@@ -345,6 +345,7 @@
  [[image:1657091739530-531.png]]
++
  (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Step 3: Choose the TTNv3 Cluster Picker**
  (((
@@ -359,7 +359,6 @@
  * Australia 1 (% style="color:red" %)**corresponding Gateway server address: **(% style="color:black" %)au1.cloud.thethings.network
  * Legacy V2 Console : (% style="color:red" %)**TTN v2 shuts down in December 2021**
--
  (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Step 4: Create a Gateway**
  [[image:1657091941182-367.png]]
@@ -369,7 +369,6 @@
  Open the following page:
--
   [[image:image-20220706155323-5.png||height="579" width="1060"]]
@@ -377,7 +377,9 @@
  (((
--(% style="color:red" %)**Notice: **Gateway Server address must match the gateway configuration, otherwise you will have problem for End Node to join the network.
++(% style="color:red" %)**Notice: Gateway Server address must match the gateway configuration, otherwise you will have problem for End Node to join the network.**
++
++
  )))
  After creating the gateway, you can see the gateway info, as below.
@@ -385,8 +385,10 @@
  [[image:1657094130908-567.png]](% style="display:none" %)
--== 4.2  Configure DLOS8N to connect to TTN v3 ==
++== 4.2  Configure LPS8N to connect to TTN v3 ==
++
++
  (((
  You can now configure the LPS8N to let it connect to TTN network V3.
  )))
@@ -401,9 +401,10 @@
  [[image:1657094183213-301.png]]
--(% style="color:red" %)**Note: **The server address must match the Gateway server address you choose in TTN V3.
++(% style="color:red" %)**Note: The server address must match the Gateway server address you choose in TTN V3.**
++
  In the home page, we can see the LoRaWAN connection is ready now.
  [[image:1657094202420-798.png]]
@@ -414,8 +414,10 @@
  [[image:1657094221515-510.png]]
++
  == 4.3  Configure frequency ==
++
  We also need to set the frequency plan in LPS8N to match the end node we use, so to receive the LoRaWAN packets from the LoRaWAN sensor.
  [[image:1657094249818-468.png]]
@@ -426,8 +426,10 @@
   [[image:1657094333704-207.png]]
++
  == 4.4  Add a LoRaWAN End Device ==
++
  (((
  This section shows how to add a LoRaWAN End device to a LoRaWAN network and see the data from TTN web site.
  )))
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@
  [[image:1652422794767-871.png]]
  (((
--(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Step 1**: (% style="color:black" %)Create a Device definition in TTN v3 with the OTAA keys from the example LT-22222-L IO Controller device.
++(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 1**: (%%)Create a Device definition in TTN v3 with the OTAA keys from the example LT-22222-L IO Controller device.
  )))
@@ -510,29 +510,39 @@
  )))
  (((
--(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Step 2**: (% style="color:black" %)Power on LT-22222-L device and it will automatically join the TTN network. After joining successfully, it will start to upload messages to the TTN v3. Select the Live data tab and you will see the data appearing in the panel.
++(% style="color:blue" %)**Step 2**:  (%%)Power on LT-22222-L device and it will automatically join the TTN network. After joining successfully, it will start to upload messages to the TTN v3. Select the Live data tab and you will see the data appearing in the panel.
++
++
  )))
  (((
--(% style="color:red" %)Note that it may take some time for the device data to appear in the TTN v3 display.
++(% style="color:red" %)**Note that it may take some time for the device data to appear in the TTN v3 display.**
++
++
  )))
  [[image:1657094791060-639.png]]
++
  = 5.  Web Configure Pages =
++
  == 5.1  Home ==
++
  Shows the system running status.
  [[image:1657094893942-726.png]]
++
  == 5.2  LoRa Settings ==
++
  === 5.2.1  LoRa ~-~-> LoRa ===
++
  (((
  This page shows the LoRa Radio Settings. There are a set of default frequency band according to LoRaWAN protocol, and user can customized the band* as well.
  )))
@@ -547,16 +547,20 @@
  (((
++(((
  After user choose the frequency plan, he can see the actually frequency in used by checking the page (% style="color:green" %)**LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log**
  )))
++)))
  [[image:1657094930903-357.png]]
--Note *: **[[See this instruction for how to customize frequency band>>doc:Main.How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band.WebHome]]**
++(% style="color:red" %)**Note *:** **[[See this instruction for how to customize frequency band>>doc:Main.How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band.WebHome]]**
--=== 5.2.2 LoRa ~-~-> ABP Decryption ===
++=== 5.2.2  LoRa ~-~-> ABP Decryption ===
++
++
  The LPS8N can communicate with LoRaWAN ABP End Node without the need of LoRaWAN server. It can be used in some cases such as:
  * No internet connection.
@@ -569,10 +569,13 @@
  [[image:1657095412271-942.png]]
++
  == 5.3  LoRaWAN Settings ==
++
  === 5.3.1  LoRaWAN ~-~-> LoRaWAN ===
++
  This page is for the connection set up to a general LoRaWAN Network server such as: [[TTN>>url:http://www.thethingsnetwork.org/]], [[ChirpStack>>url:https://www.chirpstack.io/]] etc
  [[image:1652423628833-467.png||height="357" width="755"]]
@@ -586,18 +586,23 @@
  **See:** **[[Filter unwanted LoRaWAN packets>>doc:Main.Filter unwanted LoRaWAN packets.WebHome]]**
++
  === 5.3.2  LoRaWAN ~-~-> Amazon AWS-IoT ===
++
  [[image:1652428499323-384.png||height="275" width="723"]]
++
  (((
  Please see this instruction to know more detail and demo for how to connect to **[[AWS-IoT LoRaWAN Core>>doc:Main.AWS IoT Core for LoRaWAN.WebHome]].**
++
  )))
  === 5.3.3  LoRaWAN ~-~-> LORIOT ===
++
  (((
  Settings to communicate to LORIOT LoRaWAN Network Server: [[https:~~/~~/www.loriot.io/>>url:https://www.loriot.io/]]
  )))
@@ -609,20 +609,29 @@
  [[image:1652428648903-878.png||height="266" width="731"]]
++
  == 5.4  MQTT Settings ==
++
++(((
  If end nodes works in ABP mode, user can configure LPS8N to transfer the data to MQTT broker,
++)))
++(((
  Instruction: **[[MQTT Forward Instruction>>doc:Main.MQTT Forward Instruction.WebHome]]**
++)))
  [[image:1652428705046-212.png||height="417" width="733"]]
++
  == 5.5  System ==
++
  === 5.5.1  System ~-~-> System Overview ===
++
  Shows the system info:
  [[image:1657155158184-134.png]]
@@ -631,10 +631,12 @@
  === 5.5.2  System ~-~-> General ( login settings) ===
++
  [[image:1657155183982-792.png]]
++
  (((
--**__System Password:__**
++(% style="color:#037691" %)**__System Password:__**
  )))
  (((
@@ -646,11 +646,11 @@
  )))
  (((
--**__Timezone:  __**Set device timezone.
++(% style="color:#037691" %)**__Timezone:  __**(%%)Set device timezone.
  )))
  (((
--**__Port forwarding:  __**Enable/Disable the HTTP and SSH access via WAN interface.
++(% style="color:#037691" %)**__Port forwarding:  __**(%%)Enable/Disable the HTTP and SSH access via WAN interface.
@@ -661,15 +661,15 @@
  [[image:1657155288223-566.png]]
  (((
--**__LAN Settings:    __**When the LPS8N has the AP enable, LAN settings specify the network info for LPS8N's own network.
++(% style="color:#037691" %)**__LAN Settings:    __**(%%)When the LPS8N has the AP enable, LAN settings specify the network info for LPS8N's own network.
  )))
  (((
--__**WAN Settings:  **__Setting for LPS8N WAN port
++(% style="color:#037691" %)__**WAN Settings:  **__(%%)Setting for LPS8N WAN port
  )))
  (((
--__**WiFi Settings:   **__Setting for LPS8N WiFi IP when use it as WiFi Client
++(% style="color:#037691" %)__**WiFi Settings:  **__** **(%%)Setting for LPS8N WiFi IP when use it as WiFi Client
@@ -677,6 +677,7 @@
  === 5.5.4  System ~-~-> WiFi ===
++
  LPS8N WiFi Settings.
  [[image:1657155457089-430.png]]
@@ -685,15 +685,17 @@
  === 5.5.5  System ~-~-> Cellular ===
++
  While use the cellular as Backup WAN, device will use Cellular for internet connection while WAN port or WiFi is not valid and switch back to WAN port or WiFi after they recover.
  [[image:1657155507672-204.png]]
--(% style="color:red" %)Note *: For LPS8N which doesn't have the cellular module, this page will shows Cellular not detected.
++(% style="color:red" %)**Note *: For LPS8N which doesn't have the cellular module, this page will shows Cellular not detected.**
++
  === 5.5.6  System ~-~-> Network Status ===
@@ -703,8 +703,16 @@
  === 5.5.7  System ~-~-> Remote Mgnt & Auto Provision ===
--Auto Provision is the feature for batch configure and remote management. It can be used in below two cases:(% style="display:none" %)
++Auto Provision is the feature for batch configure and remote management. It can be used in below two cases:
++
++
++[[image:image-20220707112053-4.png||height="451" width="995"]]
++
++[[image:image-20220707112053-5.png||height="453" width="1004"]]
++
++(% style="display:none" %)
++
  (% style="display:none" %) [[image:1657157402578-508.png||height="450" width="992"]]
  (% id="cke_bm_589629S" style="display:none" %) [[image:image-20220707092040-2.png||height="452" width="1002"]]
@@ -712,13 +712,16 @@
  [[image:image-20220707092040-3.png||height="449" width="956"]]
--Please see this document for detail:(% style="display:none" %)
++(((
++Please see this document for detail:  [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8N/Firmware/Application_Note/&file=Auto-update-feature.pdf>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Application_Note/&file=Auto-update-feature.pdf]]
++)))
--[[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8N/Firmware/Application_Note/&file=Auto-update-feature.pdf>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Application_Note/&file=Auto-update-feature.pdf]]
++(% style="display:none" %) (%%)
++(((
++R-SSH is for remote access device and management, introduction for how to use: [[Remote Access Gateway>>doc:Main.Monitor & Remote Access Gateway.WebHome]]
++)))
--R-SSH is for remote access device and management, introduction for how to use: **[[Remote Access Gateway>>doc:Main.Remote Access Gateway.WebHome]]**
--
  [[image:1652429624400-864.png||height="432" width="716"]]
@@ -725,6 +725,7 @@
  === 5.5.8  System ~-~-> Firmware Upgrade ===
++
  We keep improving the LPS8N Linux side firmware for new features and bug fixes. Below are the links for reference.
  * **Latest firmware**:  [[LoRa Gateway Firmware>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/]],
@@ -746,15 +746,24 @@
  [[image:1657156052651-770.png]]
--Select the required image and click **Flash Image.** The image will be uploaded to the device, and then click **Process Update** to upgrade.
++(((
++Select the required image and click (% style="color:blue" %)**Flash Image.**(%%) The image will be uploaded to the device, and then click (% style="color:blue" %)**Process Update**(%%) to upgrade.
++)))
--(% style="color:red" %)**NOTE**: (% style="color:black" %)You normally need to **//uncheck//** the **Preserve Settings** checkbox when doing an upgrade to ensure that there is no conflict between the old settings and the new firmware. The new firmware will start up with its default settings.
++(((
++(% style="color:red" %)**NOTE**: (%%)You normally need to (% style="color:blue" %)**//uncheck//**(%%) the (% style="color:blue" %)**Preserve Settings**(%%) checkbox when doing an upgrade to ensure that there is no conflict between the old settings and the new firmware. The new firmware will start up with its default settings.
++
++)))
++
++(((
  The system will automatically boot into the new firmware after upgrade.
++)))
  [[image:1657156094153-520.png]]
++
  (% style="color:red" %)**NOTE***(%%): User can also upgrade firmware via Linux console
  SCP the firmware to the system(% style="color:green" %)**/var**(%%)** **directory and then run
@@ -765,8 +765,10 @@
  (% style="color:red" %)**NOTE**(%%) : it is important to transfer the image in the /var directory, otherwise it may exceed the available flash size.
++
  === 5.5.9  System ~-~-> Reboot/Reset ===
++
  [[image:1652430197132-330.png||height="256" width="724"]]
  (((
@@ -786,6 +786,7 @@
  == 5.6  LogRead ==
++
  === 5.6.1  LogRead ~-~-> LoRa Log ===
@@ -797,6 +797,7 @@
  === 5.6.2  LogRead ~-~-> System Log ===
++
  Show the system log
  [[image:1657156341198-226.png]]
@@ -805,41 +805,69 @@
  = 6.  More features =
++
  == 6.1  Packet Filtering ==
++
++(((
  Drop unwanted packets.
++)))
++(((
  See: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Filter%20unwanted%20LoRaWAN%20packets/>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Filter%20unwanted%20LoRaWAN%20packets/]]
++)))
++
  == 6.2  Remote Access ==
++
++(((
  Remote Access Devices for management.
++)))
--Instruction: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Remote%20Access%20Gateway/>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Remote%20Access%20Gateway/]]
++(((
++Instruction: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Monitor%20%26%20Remote%20Access%20Gateway/?Remote%20Access>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Monitor%20%26%20Remote%20Access%20Gateway/?Remote%20Access]]
++)))
++
  == 6.3  How to decode ABP LoRaWAN node ==
++
++(((
  Decode ABP:
++)))
++(((
  [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Communicate%20with%20ABP%20End%20Node%20without%20LoRaWAN%20Network%20Server%20~~-~~--%20LG308/>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Communicate%20with%20ABP%20End%20Node%20without%20LoRaWAN%20Network%20Server%20---%20LG308/]]
++)))
++
  == 6.4  How to set data to MQTT broker ==
++
++(((
  Only support ABP LoRaWAN End Node
++)))
++(((
  Instruction: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/MQTT%20Forward%20Instruction/>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/MQTT%20Forward%20Instruction/]]
++)))
++
  == 6.5  More instructions ==
++
  [[LoRaWAN Gateway Instruction>>doc:Main.WebHome]](LoRaWAN Gateway)
++
  == 6.6  Auto-Provision ==
++
  Auto Provision is the feature for batch configure and remote management. It can be used in below two cases:
  [[image:image-20220707092040-1.png||height="451" width="995"]]
@@ -848,20 +848,24 @@
  [[image:image-20220707092040-3.png||height="449" width="956"]](% style="display:none" %)
--Please see this document for detail:
++(((
++Please see this document for detail: [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8N/Firmware/Application_Note/&file=Auto-update-feature.pdf>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Application_Note/&file=Auto-update-feature.pdf]]
++)))
--[[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8N/Firmware/Application_Note/&file=Auto-update-feature.pdf>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Application_Note/&file=Auto-update-feature.pdf]]
--
  (% style="display:none" %)  (%%)
++
  = 7.   (% style="display:none" %) (%%)Linux System =
++
  The LPS8N is based on the OpenWrt Linux system. It is open source, and users are free to configure and modify the Linux settings.
  (% style="display:none" %) (%%)
++
  == 7.1  SSH Access for Linux console ==
++
  User can access the Linux console via the SSH protocol. Make sure your PC and the LPS8N are connected to the same network, then use a SSH tool (such as [[putty>>url:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~~sgtatham/putty/download.html]] in Windows) to access it.
  IP address:  IP address of LPS8N
@@ -877,7 +877,7 @@
  [[image:1657158198733-338.png]]
--The “(% class="mark" %)**logread -f**(%%)” command can be used to debug how system runs.
++The “** (% style="background-color:yellow" %)logread -f(%%)**(% style="background-color:yellow" %)” (%%)command can be used to debug how system runs.
  [[image:1657158190234-805.png]]
@@ -886,8 +886,9 @@
  == 7.2  Edit and Transfer files ==
++
  (((
--The DLOS8N supports the (% style="color:green" %)**SCP protocol** (% style="color:black" %)and has a built-in (% style="color:green" %)**SFTP server**. (% style="color:black" %)There are many ways to edit and transfer files using these protocols.
++The LPS8N supports the (% style="color:green" %)**SCP protocol** (% style="color:black" %)and has a built-in (% style="color:green" %)**SFTP server**. (% style="color:black" %)There are many ways to edit and transfer files using these protocols.
  )))
  (((
@@ -895,7 +895,7 @@
  )))
  (((
--After establishing access via WinSCP to the device, you can use an FTP style window to drag / drop files to the DLOS8N, or edit the files directly in the windows.
++After establishing access via WinSCP to the device, you can use an FTP style window to drag / drop files to the LPS8N, or edit the files directly in the windows.
  )))
  (((
@@ -906,14 +906,15 @@
--== 7.3 File System ==
++== 7.3  File System ==
++
  (((
--The DLOS8N has a 16MB flash and a 64MB RAM. The /var and /tmp directories are in the RAM, so contents stored in /tmp and /var will be erased after rebooting the device. Other directories are in the flash and will remain after reboot.
++The LPS8N has a 16MB flash and a 64MB RAM. The /var and /tmp directories are in the RAM, so contents stored in /tmp and /var will be erased after rebooting the device. Other directories are in the flash and will remain after reboot.
  )))
  (((
--The Linux system uses around 8MB ~~10MB flash size which means there is not much room for user to store data in the DLOS8N flash.
++The Linux system uses around 8MB ~~10MB flash size which means there is not much room for user to store data in the LPS8N flash.
  )))
  (((
@@ -921,10 +921,12 @@
  )))
--== 7.4 Package maintenance system ==
--DLOS8N uses the OpenWrt [[**OPKG package maintenance system**>>https://oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg]]. There are more than 3000+ packages available in our package server for users to install for their applications. For example, if you want to add the **//iperf //** tool, you can install the related packages and configure DLOS8N to use **//iperf //**.
++== 7.4  Package maintenance system ==
++
++LPS8N uses the OpenWrt [[**OPKG package maintenance system**>>https://oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg]]. There are more than 3000+ packages available in our package server for users to install for their applications. For example, if you want to add the **//iperf //** tool, you can install the related packages and configure LPS8N to use **//iperf //**.
++
  (((
  Below are some example **//opkg //** commands. For more information please refer to the [[OPKG package maintain system>>https://oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg]]** **([[https:~~/~~/oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg>>https://oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg]])
  )))
@@ -934,11 +934,11 @@
  )))
  (((
--(% style="color:green" %)**root@dragino-169d30:~~# opkg update**           (% style="color:black" %)~/~/ to get the latest packages list
++(% style="color:green" %)**root@dragino-169d30:~~# opkg update**             (% style="color:black" %)~/~/ to get the latest packages list
  )))
  (((
--(% style="color:green" %)**root@dragino-169d30:~~# opkg list**    (% style="color:black" %)              ~/~/shows the available packages
++(% style="color:green" %)**root@dragino-169d30:~~# opkg list**    (% style="color:black" %)               ~/~/shows the available packages
  )))
  (((
@@ -974,10 +974,14 @@
  (((
  (% style="background-color:#dcdcdc" %)//Configuring iperf.//
++
++
++
  )))
--= 8. Upgrade Linux Firmware =
++= 8.  Upgrade Linux Firmware =
++
  We keep improving the LPS8N Linux side firmware for new features and bug fixes. Below are the links for reference.
  * **Latest firmware**:  [[LoRa Gateway Firmware>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LG02-OLG02/Firmware/]],
@@ -989,58 +989,76 @@
  ( [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/LPS8N/Firmware/ChangeLog>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_Gateway/LIG16/Firmware/ChangeLog]] )
--The file named as **(% style="color:green" %) xxxxx–xxxxx-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin **is the upgrade Image. There are different methods to upgrade, as below.
++(((
++The file named as (% style="color:green" %)** xxxxx–xxxxx-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin **(%%)is the upgrade Image. There are different methods to upgrade, as below.
++)))
++
  == 8.1  Upgrade via Web UI ==
--Go to the page: **(% style="color:green" %)Web à System à Firmware Upgrade**
--Select the required image and click **(% style="color:red" %)Flash Image.**(%%) The image will be uploaded to the device, and then click **(% style="color:red" %)Process Update**(%%) to upgrade.
++(((
++Go to the page: (% style="color:green" %)**Web ~-~-> System ~-~-> Firmware Upgrade**
++)))
++(((
++Select the required image and click (% style="color:red" %)**Flash Image.**(%%) The image will be uploaded to the device, and then click (% style="color:red" %)**Process Update**(%%) to upgrade.
++)))
--**(% style="color:red" %)NOTE**(%%): You normally need to **//uncheck//** the **Preserve Settings** checkbox when doing an upgrade to ensure that there is no conflict between the old settings and the new firmware. The new firmware will start up with its default settings.
++(((
++(% style="color:red" %)**NOTE**(%%): You normally need to (% style="color:blue" %)**//uncheck//**(%%) the (% style="color:blue" %)//**Preserve Settings**//(%%) checkbox when doing an upgrade to ensure that there is no conflict between the old settings and the new firmware. The new firmware will start up with its default settings.
++)))
++
++(((
  The system will automatically boot into the new firmware after upgrade.
++)))
++[[image:1657158986600-386.png]]
--[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.png]]
  == 8.2  Upgrade via Linux console ==
--SCP the firmware to the system** /var** directory and then run
++(((
++SCP the firmware to the system** (% style="color:green" %)/var(%%)** directory and then run
++)))
--**(% style="color:#4472C4" %) //root@OpenWrt:~~# /sbin/sysupgrade –n /var/Your_Image//**
++(((
++(% style="color:#4472c4" %)** //root@OpenWrt:~~# /sbin/sysupgrade –n /var/Your_Image//**
++)))
--**(% style="color:red" %)NOTE**(%%): it is important to transfer the image in the /var directory, otherwise it may exceed the available flash size.
++(((
++(% style="color:red" %)**NOTE**(%%): it is important to transfer the image in the /var directory, otherwise it may exceed the available flash size.
++)))
--= 9. FAQ =
++= 9.  FAQ =
--== 9.1 How can I configure for a customized frequency band? ==
++== 9.1  How can I configure for a customized frequency band? ==
++
++
  (((
--See below link for how to customize frequency band: **[[How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band>>doc:Main.How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band.WebHome]]**
++See below link for how to customize frequency band: [[How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band>>doc:Main.How to customized LoRaWAN frequency band.WebHome]]
  )))
  (((
++
++
  )))
--== 9.2 Can I connect DLOS8N to LORIOT? ==
++== 9.2  Can I make my own firmware for the gateway, where can I find the source code? ==
--Yes, the set up instruction is here: **[[Notes for LORIOT>>doc:Main.Notes for LORIOT.WebHome]]**
--
--== 9.3 Can I make my own firmware for the gateway, where can I find the source code? ==
--
  (((
--Yes, You can make your own firmware for the DLOS8N for branding purposes or to add customized applications.
++Yes, You can make your own firmware for the LPS8N for branding purposes or to add customized applications.
  )))
  (((
@@ -1047,16 +1047,25 @@
  The source code and compile instructions can be found at: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/openwrt_lede-18.06>>url:https://github.com/dragino/openwrt_lede-18.06]]
  )))
++(((
++
--== 9.4 Can I use 868Mhz version for 915Mhz bands? ==
++
++)))
++== 9.3  Can I use 868Mhz version for 915Mhz bands? ==
++
++
  It is possible but the distance will be very short, you can select US915 frequency band in 868Mhz version hardware. It will work but you will see the performance is greatly decreased because the 868Mhz version has an RF filter for band 863~~870Mhz, all other frequencies will have high attenuation.
--= 10. Trouble Shooting =
--== 10.1 I get kernel error when install new package, how to fix? ==
++= 10.  Trouble Shooting =
++
++== 10.1  I get kernel error when install new package, how to fix? ==
++
++
  In some cases, when installing a package with **//opkg//**, it will generate a kernel error such as below due to a mismatch I the kernel ID:
  (% style="background-color:yellow" %)root@dragino-16c538:~~# opkg install kmod-dragino2-si3217x_3.10.49+0.2-1_ar71xx.ipk
@@ -1078,32 +1078,38 @@
  (% style="background-color:yellow" %)Opkg install kmod-dragino2-si3217x_3.10.49+0.2-1_ar71xx.ipk –force-depends
--== 10.2 How to recover the DLOS8N if the firmware crashes ==
++== 10.2  How to recover the LPS8N if the firmware crashes ==
++
++
  (((
--Please follow this instruction to recover your gateway:  **[[Recover Gateway>>doc:Main.How to Recover Gateway if can't access it.WebHome]]**
++Please follow this instruction to recover your gateway:  [[Recover Gateway>>doc:Main.How to Recover Gateway if can't access it.WebHome]]
  )))
  (((
++
++
  )))
--== 10.3 I configured DLOS8N for WiFi access and lost its IP. What to do now? ==
++== 10.3  I configured LPS8N for WiFi access and lost its IP. What to do now? ==
--[[image:1652435238615-272.png||height="247" width="727"]]
++[[image:1657159323292-776.png]]
++
++
  (((
--The DLOS8N has a fall-back IP address on its WAN port. This IP is always enabled so you can use the fall-back IP to access DLOS8N no matter what the WiFi IP is. The fall back IP is useful for connecting and debug the unit.
++The LPS8N has a fall-back IP address on its WAN port. This IP is always enabled so you can use the fall-back IP to access LPS8N no matter what the WiFi IP is. The fall back IP is useful for connecting and debug the unit.
  )))
--(% style="color:red" %)Note: fallback IP can be disabled in the WAN and DHCP page.
++(% style="color:red" %)**Note: fallback IP can be disabled in the WAN and DHCP page.**
--Steps to connect via fall back IP:
++**Steps to connect via fall back IP:**
--~1. Connect PC’s Ethernet port to DLOS8N’s WAN port
++~1. Connect PC's Ethernet port to LG01's WAN port
--2. Configure PC’s Ethernet port has
++2. Configure PC's Ethernet port has
      IP: 172.31.255.253 and
      Netmask: 255.255.255.252
@@ -1111,32 +1111,51 @@
  [[image:1652435256286-879.png]]
--3. In the PC, use IP address 172.31.255.254 to access the DLOS8N via Web or Console.
++3. In the PC, use IP address 172.31.255.254 to access the LPS8N via Web or Console.
  Please note the latest firmware uses port 8000 for http and 2222 for ssh access.
--= 11. Order Info =
--(% style="color:#4f81bd" %) **//PART: DLOS8N-XXX-YYY//: **
++== 10.4  I connect to the LPS8N's SSID but LPS8N didn't assign DHCP IP to my laptop? ==
--(% style="color:#4f81bd" %) **//XXX: Frequency Band//**
--* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** 868**(% style="color:black" %) : valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865 or KZ865.
--* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** 915**(% style="color:black" %): valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920
++(((
++This is a known bug for the firmware version before 2019-09-23 for LPS, the issue was fixed since version: LG02_LG08~-~-build-v5.2.1569218466-20190923-1402.
++)))
--(% style="color:#4f81bd" %) **//YYY: 4G Cellular Option//**
++(((
++In the old version, user can use the [[fall back ip method >>||anchor="H10.3A0IconfiguredLPS8NforWiFiaccessandlostitsIP.Whattodonow3F"]]to access and configure the device.
++)))
--* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** E**(% style="color:black" %): EMEA, Korea, Thailand, India.
--* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** A**(% style="color:black" %): North America/ Rogers/AT&T/T-Mobile.
--* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** AU**(% style="color:black" %): Latin America, New Zeland, Taiwan
--* (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)** J**(% style="color:black" %): Japan, DOCOMO/SoftBank/ KDDI
++
++= 11.  Order Info =
++
++
++**//PART: (% style="color:blue" %)LPS8N-XXX-YYY//: (%%)**
++
++
++(% style="color:blue" %) **//XXX~://**(%%)**// Frequency Band//**
++
++* (% style="color:red" %)** 868**(% style="color:black" %) : valid frequency: 863Mhz ~~ 870Mhz. for bands EU868, RU864, IN865 or KZ865.
++* (% style="color:red" %)** 915**(% style="color:black" %): valid frequency: 902Mhz ~~ 928Mhz. for bands US915, AU915, AS923 or KR920
++
++
++(% style="color:blue" %) **//YYY~://**(%%)**// 4G Cellular Option//**
++
++* (% style="color:red" %)** EC25-E**(% style="color:black" %): EMEA, Korea, Thailand, India.
++* (% style="color:red" %)** EC25-A**(% style="color:black" %): North America/ Rogers/AT&T/T-Mobile.
++* (% style="color:red" %)** EC25-AU**(% style="color:black" %): Latin America, New Zeland, Taiwan
++* (% style="color:red" %)** EC25-J**(% style="color:black" %): Japan, DOCOMO/SoftBank/ KDDI
++
  More info about valid bands, please see [[EC25-E product page>>url:https://www.quectel.com/product/ec25.htm]].
--= 12. Packing Info =
++= 12.  Packing Info =
++
++
  (((
  **Package Includes**:
  )))
@@ -1154,8 +1154,10 @@
  * Package Size: 14.5 x 13.5 x 6 cm
  * Weight: 300g
--= 13. Support =
++
++= 13.  Support =
++
  * Try to see if your questions already answered in the [[wiki>>doc:Main.WebHome]].
  * Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8.
  Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before mentioned schedule.

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