Changes for page ThingsBoard
Last modified by Dilisi S on 2025/04/23 19:23
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... ... @@ -22,11 +22,7 @@ 22 22 To complete this tutorial, you need to have the following: 23 23 24 24 * ThingsBoard cloud account 25 -* MQTT Broker (public or private) such as, 26 -** [[ThingsBoard MQTT broker>>https://thingsboard.io/docs/mqtt-broker/]] (TBMQ) 27 -** **[[HiveMQ Cloud>>https://www.hivemq.com]] - You can create a free account to try it or subscribe for a paid account. - We use HiveMQ Cloud as the MQTT broker to build example in this tutorial.** 28 -** [[emqx>>https://www.emqx.com/zh/mqtt/public-mqtt5-broker]] - The public MQTT server is only used for MQTT learning and testing, and should not be used in the production environment. 29 -** [[lns1.thingseye.io>>http://lns1.thingseye.io/]] - This is Dragino's MQTT broker, which requires a CA certificate to use. 25 +* HiveMQ Cloud account 30 30 31 31 == 2.1 ThingsBoard Cloud == 32 32 ... ... @@ -68,19 +68,9 @@ 68 68 [[image:thingsboard-6.png||height="244" width="500"]] 69 69 70 70 71 -== 2.2 MQ TTBrokers==67 +== 2.2 HiveMQ Cloud == 72 72 73 -This section introduces some MQTT brokers that you can use to publish messages from the device side and subscribe from the ThingsBoard side. 74 74 75 - 76 -=== 2.2.1 ThingsBoard MQTT broker (TBMQ) === 77 - 78 -The complete instructions for installing, configuring, and using the TBMQ can be found [[here>>https://thingsboard.io/docs/mqtt-broker/getting-started/]]. 79 - 80 - 81 -=== 2.2.2 HiveMQ Cloud === 82 - 83 - 84 84 Go to [[https:~~/~~/www.hivemq.com>>https://www.hivemq.com]] 85 85 86 86 Click on the **Start Free** button. ... ... @@ -155,128 +155,144 @@ 155 155 You will need these MQTT connection parameters when configuring the MQTT integration in the '**Add Integration**' section. 156 156 157 157 158 -= ==2.2.3 emqx===144 += 3. Data Converters = 159 159 160 160 161 -Th e[[emqx>>https://www.emqx.com/zh/mqtt/public-mqtt5-broker]]publicMQTT serverisonlyused forMOTTlearningandtesting,andshould notbeusedintheproduction environment.147 +In **ThingsBoard**, **Data Converters** are components used to transform incoming or outgoing data between different formats, typically to convert raw telemetry data from devices into a structured format that ThingsBoard can understand, or vice versa. 162 162 163 163 164 - [[image:emqx.png||height="420"width="500"]]150 +== 3.1 Uplink == 165 165 166 166 167 - === 2.2.4Ins1.thingseye.io===153 +In the left navigation, click **Integrations center**, and then click **Data converters**. 168 168 169 -[[lns1.thingseye.io>>http://lns1.thingseye.io/]] is the Dragino's MQTT broker, which requires a CA certificate file, Certificate file, and the Private key file to use. 170 170 171 -If customers need to use this MQTT connection with ThingsBoard, they need to contact the TE team to obtain three license files. 172 172 173 -[[image: ins1.png||height="310" width="500"]]157 +[[image:data-converters-list-empty.png]] 174 174 175 175 160 +On the **Data converters** page, click on the ‘**+**’ button, and then click on the **Create new converter** from the dropdown menu. 176 176 177 -= 3. Data Converters = 178 178 179 179 180 - In **ThingsBoard**, **Data Converters**are components used to transform incoming or outgoing data between different formats, typically toconvertraw telemetry data fromdevices into a structured format thatThingsBoardcan understand, or vice versa.164 +[[image:create-new-converter-menu.png||height="259" width="500"]] 181 181 182 -**In this section, you will create a universal uplink data converter for all Dragino NB-IoT devices. The uplink decoder converts any MQTT message coming from a device into key-value pairs that can be used to display and visualize data using various widgets on the dashboard**. 183 183 167 +The **Add data converter** window will appear. Name it ‘**MQTT Uplink Converter NB/CB**’ and select the Type as **Uplink**. 184 184 185 - ==3.1Uplink==169 +Click on the **TBEL** button if not selected it by default. Delete the existing decoder function in the code editor. Now copy and paste the following decoder function written in **TBEL (ThingsBoard Expression Language)** in to the **code editor**. This decoder function is compatible for both NB and CB series devices. 186 186 171 +{{code language="JavaScript"}} 172 +/** Decoder **/ 187 187 188 -In the left navigation, click **Integrations center**, and then click **Data converters**. 174 +// decode payload to string 175 +var payloadStr = decodeToString(payload); 176 +var data = JSON.parse(payloadStr); 189 189 178 +var deviceName = metadata.topic.split("/")[3]; 179 +// decode payload to JSON 180 +var deviceType = 'sensor'; 190 190 191 -[[image:data-converters-list-empty.png]] 182 +// Result object with device attributes/telemetry data 183 +var result = { 184 + deviceName: deviceName, 185 + deviceType: deviceType, 186 + attributes: { 187 + integrationName: metadata['integrationName'], 188 + }, 189 + telemetry: { 190 + temperature: data.temperature, 191 + humidity: data.humidity, 192 + } 193 +}; 192 192 195 +/** Helper functions 'decodeToString' and 'decodeToJson' are already built-in **/ 193 193 194 -On the **Data converters** page, click on the ‘**+**’ button, and then click on **Create new converter** from the dropdown menu. 197 +return result; 198 +{{/code}} 195 195 196 196 201 +Click on the **Add** button. 197 197 198 -[[image:create-new-converter-menu.png||height="259" width="500"]] 199 199 200 200 201 - The**Add**window appears.205 +[[image:add-uplink-data-converter.png||height="529" width="500"]] 202 202 203 -Name it ‘**MQTT Uplink Converter**’ and select the Type as **Uplink**. 204 204 205 - Clickonthe **TBEL** button ifit hasnotbeenselectedby default.208 +You should see that the newly added **MQTT Uplink converter **NB/CB is listed on the **Data Converters** page. 206 206 207 - ReplacethedefaultTBEL decoderfunction withthe followingniversal TBEL decoder function, which decodes MQTTpayload from any Dragino NB-IoTdevice.210 +[[image:data-converter-list-showing-uplink-dc.png]] 208 208 209 209 213 + 214 +== 3.2 Downlink == 215 + 216 + 217 +On the **Data converters** page, click on the ‘**+**’ button, and then click on the **Create new converter** from the dropdown menu. 218 + 219 + 220 +[[image:create-new-converter-menu.png||width="500"]] 221 + 222 + 223 + 224 +The **Add data converter** window will appear. Name it ‘**MQTT Downlink Converter NB/CB**’ and select the Type as **Downlink**. 225 + 226 +Click on the **TBEL** button if not selected it by default. Now copy and paste the following encoder function written in **TBEL (ThingsBoard Expression Language)** in to the **code editor**. This encoder function is compatible for both NB and CB series devices. 227 + 228 + 210 210 {{code language="JavaScript"}} 211 -// decode payload to JSON 212 -var pattern = "yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss"; 213 -var objdata = {}; 214 -var obj1 = {}; 215 -var data = decodeToJson(payload); 216 -var deviceName = data.IMEI; 217 -data.remove("IMEI"); 218 -var modelname = "Dragino "+ data.Model; 219 -//var mod = data.mod 220 -data.remove("Model"); 221 -//delete data.mod 222 -var timestamp = new Date().getTime(); 223 -foreach (entry: data.entrySet()) { 224 - var key = entry.getKey(); 225 - var value = entry.getValue(); 226 - //objdata[key] = data[key] 227 - if(key.matches("^-?\\d+$")){ //is number 228 - obj1[key]=data[key]; 229 - var index = obj1[key].length-1; 230 - obj1[key][index]=new Date(obj1[key][index],pattern).getTime(); 230 +// Encode downlink data from incoming Rule Engine message 231 + 232 +// msg - JSON message payload downlink message json 233 +// msgType - type of message, for ex. 'ATTRIBUTES_UPDATED', 'POST_TELEMETRY_REQUEST', etc. 234 +// metadata - list of key-value pairs with additional data about the message 235 +// integrationMetadata - list of key-value pairs with additional data defined in Integration executing this converter 236 + 237 +/** Encoder **/ 238 + 239 +var data = {}; 240 + 241 +// Process data from incoming message and metadata 242 + 243 +data.tempFreq = msg.temperatureUploadFrequency; 244 +data.humFreq = msg.humidityUploadFrequency; 245 + 246 +data.devSerialNumber = metadata['ss_serialNumber']; 247 + 248 +// Result object with encoded downlink payload 249 +var result = { 250 + 251 + // downlink data content type: JSON, TEXT or BINARY (base64 format) 252 + contentType: "JSON", 253 + 254 + // downlink data 255 + data: JSON.stringify(data), 256 + 257 + // Optional metadata object presented in key/value format 258 + metadata: { 259 + topic: metadata['deviceType']+'/'+metadata['deviceName']+'/upload' 231 231 } 232 - else if (key==="bat"||key==="BAT"){ 233 - objdata["battery"] = data[key]; 234 - } 235 - else{ 236 - objdata[key] = data[key]; 237 -}} 238 -var listdata = [{"ts":timestamp,"values":objdata}]; 239 -foreach ( entry1: obj1.entrySet()){ 240 - var key1 = entry1.getKey(); 241 - var value1 = entry1.getValue(); 242 - var index = obj1[key1].length-1; 243 - var ts = obj1[key1][index]; 244 - if (modelname=="Dragino RS485-NB"){ 245 - listdata.push({"ts":ts,"values":{"Payload":obj1[key1][0]}}); 246 - } 247 - else{ 248 - listdata.push({"ts":ts,"values":{"values":obj1[key1]}}); 249 - } 250 -} 251 - var result = { 252 - deviceName: deviceName, 253 - deviceType: modelname, 254 - attributes: { 255 - model: modelname 256 - //customerName: "NB-CB", 257 - //groupName: "NB-CB", 258 - //integrationName: metadata['integrationName'] 259 - }, 260 - telemetry: listdata 261 + 261 261 }; 263 + 262 262 return result; 263 263 {{/code}} 264 264 265 265 266 - Once you modify the decoder function, click on the **Add** button.268 +Click on the **Add** button. 267 267 268 268 269 -[[image:mqtt-uplink-converter.png||height="498" width="500"]] 270 270 272 +[[image:add-downlink-data-converter.png||height="529" width="500"]] 271 271 272 272 273 -You should see that the newly added **MQTT Uplinkconverter**NB/CB is listed on the **Data Converters** page.275 +You should see that the newly added **MQTT Downlink** Converter NB/CB is listed on the **Data Converters** page. 274 274 275 275 276 - 277 277 [[image:data-converters-list.png]] 278 278 279 279 281 + 280 280 = 4. Add Integration = 281 281 282 282 ... ... @@ -297,15 +297,15 @@ 297 297 **Basic settings:** 298 298 299 299 * **Integration type**: MQTT 300 -* **Name**: MQTT integration 302 +* **Name**: MQTT integration NB/CB 301 301 * **Enable integration**: YES 302 -* **Allow create devices or assets**: YES 304 +* **Allows create devices or assets**: YES 303 303 304 304 Click **Next** button. 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 -[[image:add-integration- part-1.png||height="483" width="500"]]310 +[[image:add-integration-basic-settings.png||height="511" width="500"]] 309 309 310 310 311 311 **Uplink data converter:** ... ... @@ -317,40 +317,39 @@ 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 -[[image:add-integration-pa rt-2.png||height="484" width="500"]]322 +[[image:add-integration-uplink-data-converter.png||height="511" width="500"]] 321 321 322 322 323 323 **Downlink data converter:** 324 324 325 -Dragino NB/CB devices don't require a downlink data converter to decode their payloads, so you can skip this step. 327 +* Click on the **Select existing** button. 328 +* **Downlink data converter**: Select **MQTT Downlink Converter NB/CB **from the dropdown list. 326 326 327 - *Clickon the**Skip**buttonin the Downlink data converter section.330 +Click **Next** button. 328 328 329 -Click **Skip** button. 330 330 331 331 332 -[[image:integration-dl -skip.png||height="511" width="500"]]334 +[[image:add-integration-downlink-data-converter.png||height="511" width="500"]] 333 333 334 334 335 - 336 336 **Connection:** 337 337 338 -* **Host**: Host URL (Eg, **//011731f7xxxxxxxxxxxfbbedfc63f4.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud//**) 339 -* **Port**: 8883 (the port number may differ based on your MQTT broker) 340 -* **Credentials type**: Basic 339 +* **Host**: Cluster URL (Eg. 011731f7928541588a6cdfbbedfc63f4.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud) 340 +* **Port**: 8883 341 +* **Credentials**: Basic 342 +* **Enable SSL**: YES 341 341 * **Username**: Username (from your HiveMQ Cloud Cluster with your credentials) 342 342 * **Password:** Password (from your HiveMQ Cloud Cluster with your credentials) 343 -* **Enable SSL**: YES 344 -* **Topic**: # (the # symbol indicates that it filters all topics). 345 +* **Topic:** tb/mqtt-integration-tutorial/sensors/+/telemetry (the + replaces any 'device name' and creates devices in the Entities -> Devices) 345 345 * **QoS:** 0-At most once 346 346 347 -[[image:add-integration- 4.png||height="484" width="500"]]348 +[[image:add-integration-connection.png||height="511" width="500"]] 348 348 349 349 350 350 Click on the **Advanced settings** button. 351 351 352 -* **Clean session:** YES353 -* **Retained**: YES353 +* **Clean session:** NO 354 +* **Retained**: NO 354 354 355 355 [[image:add-integration-connection-advanced-settings.png||height="510" width="500"]] 356 356 ... ... @@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ 375 375 376 376 377 377 378 -[[image:integration s-pending.png]]379 +[[image:new-integration-pending.png]] 379 379 380 380 381 381 = 5. Verifying the receipt of data from virtual devices = ... ... @@ -383,186 +383,38 @@ 383 383 384 384 == 5.1 How does it work? == 385 385 386 - 387 387 We use the Mosquitto MQTT client to simulate MQTT messages, acting as a virtual device. First, install the Mosquitto client on your computer from [[this link>>url:https://mosquitto.org/download/]]. The Mosquitto client publishes messages to the MQTT broker (HiveMQ) on a specified MQTT topic. ThingsBoard subscribes to these messages using the same topic. 388 388 389 -The Mosquitto client publishes messages (payloads)toatopic- for example,#or device/ts01-nb.You can,ofcourse,useanytopicyouprefer.389 +The Mosquitto client publishes messages on the topic v1/devices/[device_name]/telemetry. The [device_name]placeholder can be replaced with any device name, for example, 'S31B-NB'. Then, the MQTT topic would be v1/devices/S31B-NB/telemetry. 390 390 391 +On the ThingsBoard side, we configure the MQTT topic subscription as v1/devices/+/telemetry. The + wildcard represents any device name and allows ThingsBoard to automatically create (provision) a device with that name, such as S31B-NB, for example. 391 391 392 -(% id="cke_bm_37386S" style="display:none" %) (%%)The MQTT payload format is as follows. The **IMEI **and **Model **are mandatory fields. For other fields, you can use any number of key-value pairs. 393 393 394 -{{code language="none"}} 395 -{"IMEI":"350693903995577", "Model":"TS01-NB", "temperature":30, "humidity":80, "pressure":1005} 396 -{{/code}} 394 +**The new device is created the first time the MQTT topic is received. For subsequent MQTT topics with the same device name, no duplicate devices will be created.** 397 397 398 398 399 - ==5.2Sendingmessages==397 +For example, if you send two MQTT messages with different device names in the topic: 400 400 399 +1. v1/devices/**S31B-NB**/telemetry 400 +1. v1/devices/**S31B-CB**/telemetry 401 401 402 - On your computer's terminal, issue the followingMQTT command,which simulatesthedevice named'**350693903995577'**. The message payload containsthefields IMEI, Model, temperature, humidity, and pressure, which hold thevalues350693903995577,TS01-NB, 30, 80, and 1005 respectively. This payload is also (technically) known as telemetry.402 +ThingsBoard will create two devices named **S31B-NB** and **S31B-CB** in the **//Devices//** section. 403 403 404 + 405 +The MQTT payload format is as follows, for example: 406 + 404 404 {{code language="none"}} 405 - mosquitto_pub -d -q 1 -h 011731f7928xxxxx.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud -p 8883 -u "xxxxx" -P "xxxxx" -t "device/350693903995577" -m '{"IMEI":"350693903995577", "Model":"TS01-NB", "temperature":30, "humidity":80, "pressure":1005}'408 +{"temperature":10.4, "humidity":85} 406 406 {{/code}} 407 407 408 -If the integration was performed without errors, a new device named **350693903995577 **is created in the **Devices **section. 409 409 412 +== 5.2 Sending messages == 410 410 411 -[[image:new-device-1.png]] 412 412 415 +On the terminal, issue the following MQTT command which simulates the device S31B-NB. The message payload contains the fields temperature and humidity, which hold the values 10.4 and 85, respectively. This payload is also (technically) known as telemetry. 413 413 414 -The status of the integration also changes to '**Active**' after the first telemetry transmission. 415 - 416 - 417 -[[image:Screenshot 2025-04-21 122154.png]] 418 - 419 - 420 - 421 -**When ThingsBoard receives this message for the first time, it will automatically create a new device named '350693903995577' in the Devices section. The device name is based on the IMEI number. For subsequent messages with the same IMEI, no duplicate devices will be created. Each new IMEI number will result in a unique entry in the Devices section, representing a physical device.** 422 - 423 - 424 -== 5.3 Viewing messages == 425 - 426 - 427 -Go back to the **Integrations** page. 428 - 429 -Click on the **MQTT integration** in the **Integrations** page to see its details. 430 - 431 -Click on the **Edit** button (//**pen icon**//). 432 - 433 -Click on the **Disabled** button in the upper-right corner. 434 - 435 -Turn on the **All messages (15 min)** option. This will enable displaying all messages in the **Events** tab. This setting will expire in 15 minutes, and you will need to repeat the same steps if you want to view the messages in the Events tab later. 436 - 437 -Click on the **Apply** button. 438 - 439 -Then click on the **Apply changes** (//**tick icon**//) button. 440 - 441 - 442 - 443 -[[image:Screenshot 2025-04-21 122936.png||height="247" width="500"]] 444 - 445 - 446 -Now go to the **Events** tab. 447 - 448 -Select the **Event type** as **Debug** from the dropdown list. 449 - 450 -Publish another message (of course, you can repeat the previous message by pressing the UP arrow on your keyboard and then press Enter key) to your MQTT broker from your terminal, for example: 451 - 452 452 {{code language="none"}} 453 -mosquitto_pub -d -q 1 -h 011731f7928 xxxxx.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud -p 8883 -u"xxxxx"-P "xxxxx" -t"device/350693903995577" -m'{"IMEI":"350693903995577", "Model":"TS01-NB","temperature":30, "humidity":82, "pressure":1005}'418 +mosquitto_pub -d -q 1 -h 011731f7928541588a6cdfbbedfc63f4.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud -p 8883 -t "tb/mqtt-integration-tutorial/sensors/SN-001/telemetry" -u "pradeeka" -P "Kalpani123@" -m '{"temperature":10.4, "humidity":85}' 454 454 {{/code}} 455 455 456 -Now you can see that uplink message in the **Events** tab (Click the **refresh** button if you didn't see any messages in the Events tab). The status should be **OK **if there is no errors in your integration. 457 - 458 - 459 -Then click on the **three dots (...)** in the **Message** column. You can see the uplink message's **payload** in the **Message** window. 460 - 461 - 462 - 463 -[[image:Screenshot 2025-04-21 122909.png]] 464 - 465 - 466 -Now, you have successfully tested your integration with a simulated uplink payload and verified that it is received by ThingsBoard, and the device is provisioned. 467 - 468 - 469 -= 6. Creating a Dashboard = 470 - 471 -ThingsBoard **Dashboards** provide a powerful way to visualize and monitor real-time and historical data from connected devices. They allow users to create interactive, customizable panels displaying telemetry data, device status, and other key metrics. With a variety of widgets, including charts, maps, and tables, dashboards help users gain insights, track trends, and manage IoT deployments efficiently. 472 - 473 - 474 -This section guides you on how to create a dashboard to display temperature and humidity data from the device on a time-series chart. You may also use other widgets in ThingsBoard to display data according to your requirements. 475 - 476 - 477 -In **ThingsBoard**, from the left navigation menu, click **Dashboards**. Then, click the **+** button and select **Create new dashboard** from the dropdown menu. 478 - 479 - 480 -[[image:dashboard-1.png]] 481 - 482 - 483 -In the **Title** text box, enter **NB/CB Test Dashboard** as the title of the dashboard. 484 - 485 -Click on the **Add** button. 486 - 487 - 488 -[[image:dashboard-2.png||height="526" width="500"]] 489 - 490 - 491 -Click on the **Add widget / Add new widget** button. 492 - 493 - 494 -[[image:dashboard-3.png]] 495 - 496 - 497 -In the **Select widgets bundle** window, click **Charts**. 498 - 499 - 500 -[[image:dashboard-4.png||height="537" width="700"]] 501 - 502 - 503 - 504 -In the **Charts: select widget** window, click **Time series chart**. 505 - 506 - 507 -[[image:dashboard-5.png||height="525" width="700"]] 508 - 509 - 510 -Configure the **Time series chart** widget as follows: 511 - 512 -* **Datasource** - select **350693903995577 **you provisioned. 513 -* **Series**: 514 -** **temperature** - you can see this key by default. 515 -** **humidity** - Click **Add series** button. Then choose **humidity** for the key, and then type **%** as its unit. 516 -** pressure - Click **Add series** button. Then choose **humidity** for the key, and then type Pa as its unit. 517 -* Click on the **Add** button. 518 - 519 -{{info}} 520 -You can add only the relevant fields from the device's payload to display data on a widget. These fields are called 'keys'. 521 -{{/info}} 522 - 523 - 524 - 525 -[[image:Screenshot 2025-04-21 123647.png||height="466" width="700"]] 526 - 527 - 528 -The time-series chart will appear in edit mode. Resize it by clicking and dragging the lower-right corner. 529 - 530 -Click the **Save** button to add the widget to the dashboard. 531 - 532 - 533 -[[image:Screenshot 2025-04-21 124145.png||height="443" width="700"]] 534 - 535 - 536 -**Now send a few MQTT messages from the terminal to simulate the data. Use different values for temperature, humidity, and pressure in each message.** 537 - 538 -**The chart will update with the values in real time, and you will see a live chart similar to this:** 539 - 540 - 541 -[[image:Screenshot 2025-04-21 124054.png||height="441" width="700"]] 542 - 543 - 544 -= 8. Configure Physical NB-IoT Sensor = 545 - 546 - 547 -Now, let's experiment with sending data to ThingsBoard using a real NB-IoT device. For example, we will use the **TS01-NB**. 548 - 549 -First, configure the NB-IoT device with the necessary MQTT settings using AT commands. Below is a list of AT commands you can use. 550 - 551 - 552 -**AT Commands** 553 - 554 -* **AT+PRO=3,3 **~/~/ Use MQTT to connect to ThingsBoard. Payload Type set to 3. 555 -* **AT+SUBTOPIC=<MQTT subscribe topic> Eg: # - **You can leave the SUBTOPIC configuration as it is, since we are not sending downlink messages to the device at the moment. 556 -* **AT+PUBTOPIC=<MQTT publish topic> Eg: #** 557 -* **AT+CLIENT=null** 558 -* **AT+UNAME=<MQTT Username>** 559 -* **AT+PWD=<MQTT Password>** 560 -* **AT+SERVADDR=<Broker address, Port>** 561 - 562 -Test your uplink by pressing the ACT button for 1 second. 563 - 564 - 565 -The following image shows the uplink payload of a real Dragino device. The publish topic is '**TS01-NB' that contains fields in the payload, IMEI, IMSI, Model, temperature, etc**. Note that we have created a device named **TS01-NB** in the **Devices** section in advance. 566 - 567 - 568 -[[image:image-4.png]] 421 +If the integration was performed without errors, after the transmission of the first telemetry, a new device with the name “S31B-NB” will appear in the Devices → All. Also, you can verify the input and output data, respectively, before and after conversion in Data converters → UDP Uplink Converter NB/CB → Events.
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