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Last modified by Dilisi S on 2025/04/23 19:23
From version 192.1
edited by Dilisi S
on 2025/03/27 23:20
Change comment: Uploaded new attachment "debug-enabled.png", version {1}
To version 221.1
edited by Dilisi S
on 2025/04/23 01:38
Change comment: April 22 edits

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... ... @@ -23,8 +23,9 @@
23 23  
24 24  * ThingsBoard cloud account
25 25  * MQTT Broker (public or private) such as,
26 +** [[ThingsBoard MQTT broker>>https://thingsboard.io/docs/mqtt-broker/]] (TBMQ)
26 26  ** **[[HiveMQ Cloud>>https://www.hivemq.com]] - You can create a free account to try it or subscribe for a paid account. - We use HiveMQ Cloud as the MQTT broker to build example in this tutorial.**
27 -** [[emqx>>https://www.emqx.com/zh/mqtt/public-mqtt5-broker]] - The public MQTT server is only used for MOTT learning and testing, and should not be used in the production environment.
28 +** [[emqx>>https://www.emqx.com/zh/mqtt/public-mqtt5-broker]] - The public MQTT server is only used for MQTT learning and testing, and should not be used in the production environment.
28 28  ** [[lns1.thingseye.io>>http://lns1.thingseye.io/]] - This is Dragino's MQTT broker, which requires a CA certificate to use.
29 29  
30 30  == 2.1 ThingsBoard Cloud ==
... ... @@ -67,11 +67,19 @@
67 67  [[image:thingsboard-6.png||height="244" width="500"]]
68 68  
69 69  
70 -== 2.2 HiveMQ Cloud ==
71 +== 2.2 MQTT Brokers ==
71 71  
72 -=== 2.2.1 HiveMQ Cloud ===
73 +This section introduces some MQTT brokers that you can use to publish messages from the device side and subscribe from the ThingsBoard side.
73 73  
74 74  
76 +=== 2.2.1 ThingsBoard MQTT broker (TBMQ) ===
77 +
78 +The complete instructions for installing, configuring, and using the TBMQ can be found [[here>>https://thingsboard.io/docs/mqtt-broker/getting-started/]].
79 +
80 +
81 +=== 2.2.2 HiveMQ Cloud ===
82 +
83 +
75 75  Go to [[https:~~/~~/www.hivemq.com>>https://www.hivemq.com]]
76 76  
77 77  Click on the **Start Free** button.
... ... @@ -146,7 +146,7 @@
146 146  You will need these MQTT connection parameters when configuring the MQTT integration in the '**Add Integration**' section.
147 147  
148 148  
149 -=== 2.2.2 emqx ===
158 +=== 2.2.3 emqx ===
150 150  
151 151  
152 152  The [[emqx>>https://www.emqx.com/zh/mqtt/public-mqtt5-broker]] public MQTT server is only used for MOTT learning and testing, and should not be used in the production environment.
... ... @@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
155 155  [[image:emqx.png||height="420" width="500"]]
156 156  
157 157  
158 -=== 2.2.3 Ins1.thingseye.io ===
167 +=== 2.2.4 Ins1.thingseye.io ===
159 159  
160 160  [[lns1.thingseye.io>>http://lns1.thingseye.io/]] is the Dragino's MQTT broker, which requires a CA certificate file, Certificate file, and the Private key file to use.
161 161  
... ... @@ -164,34 +164,18 @@
164 164  [[image:ins1.png||height="310" width="500"]]
165 165  
166 166  
167 -= 3. Creating Devices =
168 168  
177 += 3. Data Converters =
169 169  
170 -First, you need to create devices in ThingsBoard to represent your physical devices. For example, you can name it **Device A**, and the second device could be **Device B** or any name you prefer. The device name should be unique within the **Devices** space.
171 171  
172 -
173 -In the left navigation, click Entities -> Devices.
174 -
175 -Click the **Add Device** button (the button with the **+** sign), and from the dropdown menu, click **Add new device**.
176 -
177 -In the **Add new device** dialog box, enter the device name in the **Name** text box. For example, we will use **Device A**.
178 -
179 -Click the **Add** button.
180 -
181 -Skip the **connectivity testing** by clicking the **Close** button.
182 -
183 -The device is created and listed on the **Devices** page. Note that its initial state is **Inactive** because it has not received any data yet.
184 -
185 -
186 -= 4. Data Converters =
187 -
188 -
189 189  In **ThingsBoard**, **Data Converters** are components used to transform incoming or outgoing data between different formats, typically to convert raw telemetry data from devices into a structured format that ThingsBoard can understand, or vice versa.
190 190  
182 +**In this section, you will create a universal uplink data converter for all Dragino NB-IoT devices. The uplink decoder converts any MQTT message coming from a device into key-value pairs that can be used to display and visualize data using various widgets on the dashboard**.
191 191  
192 -== 4.1 Uplink ==
193 193  
185 +== 3.1 Uplink ==
194 194  
187 +
195 195  In the left navigation, click **Integrations center**, and then click **Data converters**.
196 196  
197 197  
... ... @@ -198,7 +198,7 @@
198 198  [[image:data-converters-list-empty.png]]
199 199  
200 200  
201 -On the **Data converters** page, click on the ‘**+**’ button, and then click on the **Create new converter** from the dropdown menu.
194 +On the **Data converters** page, click on the ‘**+**’ button, and then click on **Create new converter** from the dropdown menu.
202 202  
203 203  
204 204  
... ... @@ -205,79 +205,67 @@
205 205  [[image:create-new-converter-menu.png||height="259" width="500"]]
206 206  
207 207  
208 -The **Add data converter** window will appear.
201 +The **Add data converter** window appears.
209 209  
210 -Let's create an uplink data converter for the device named '**Device A**'. Name it ‘**MQTT Uplink Converter - Device A**’ and select the Type as **Uplink**.
203 +Name it ‘**MQTT Uplink Converter**’ and select the Type as **Uplink**.
211 211  
212 212  Click on the **TBEL** button if it has not been selected by default.
213 213  
214 -Modify the default TBEL function to match with your device as described below:
207 +Replace the default TBEL decoder function with the following universal TBEL decoder function, which decodes MQTT payload from any Dragino NB-IoT device.
215 215  
216 216  
217 -* Uncomment** line 11**:
218 -
219 -//var data = decodeToJson(payload)//
220 -
221 -
222 -* **Line 13**: Assign your device name to the **deviceName** field. - We used **Device A** as it is to match with our device, **Device A **in the Devices section.
223 -* From **line 38**: Modify the telemetry section to allow parsed data to be assigned to the fields.
224 -
225 -//telemetry: {
226 - temperature: data.temperature,
227 - humidity: data.humidity,
228 - rawData: payloadStr
229 - }//
230 -
231 -
232 -The modified uplink decoder function to match with **Device A** is shown below.
233 -
234 234  {{code language="JavaScript"}}
235 -// Decode an uplink message from a buffer
236 -// payload - array of bytes
237 -// metadata - key/value object
238 -
239 -/** Decoder **/
240 -
241 -// decode payload to string
242 -var payloadStr = decodeToString(payload);
243 -
244 244  // decode payload to JSON
212 +var pattern = "yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss";
213 +var objdata = {};
214 +var obj1 = {};
245 245  var data = decodeToJson(payload);
246 -
247 -var deviceName = 'Device A';
248 -var deviceType = 'thermostat';
249 -var customerName = 'Customer C';
250 -var groupName = 'thermostat devices';
251 -var manufacturer = 'Example corporation';
252 -// use assetName and assetType instead of deviceName and deviceType
253 -// to automatically create assets instead of devices.
254 -// var assetName = 'Asset A';
255 -// var assetType = 'building';
256 -
257 -// Result object with device/asset attributes/telemetry data
258 -var result = {
259 -// Use deviceName and deviceType or assetName and assetType, but not both.
260 - deviceName: deviceName,
261 - deviceType: deviceType,
262 -// assetName: assetName,
263 -// assetType: assetType,
264 -// customerName: customerName,
265 - groupName: groupName,
266 - attributes: {
267 - model: 'Model A',
268 - serialNumber: 'SN111',
269 - integrationName: metadata['integrationName'],
270 - manufacturer: manufacturer
271 - },
272 - telemetry: {
273 - temperature: data.temperature,
274 - humidity: data.humidity,
275 - rawData: payloadStr
276 - }
216 +var deviceName = data.IMEI;
217 +data.remove("IMEI");
218 +var modelname = "Dragino "+ data.Model;
219 +//var mod = data.mod
220 +data.remove("Model");
221 +//delete data.mod
222 +var timestamp = new Date().getTime();
223 +foreach (entry: data.entrySet()) {
224 + var key = entry.getKey();
225 + var value = entry.getValue();
226 + //objdata[key] = data[key]
227 + if(key.matches("^-?\\d+$")){ //is number
228 + obj1[key]=data[key];
229 + var index = obj1[key].length-1;
230 + obj1[key][index]=new Date(obj1[key][index],pattern).getTime();
231 + }
232 + else if (key==="bat"||key==="BAT"){
233 + objdata["battery"] = data[key];
234 + }
235 + else{
236 + objdata[key] = data[key];
237 +}}
238 +var listdata = [{"ts":timestamp,"values":objdata}];
239 +foreach ( entry1: obj1.entrySet()){
240 + var key1 = entry1.getKey();
241 + var value1 = entry1.getValue();
242 + var index = obj1[key1].length-1;
243 + var ts = obj1[key1][index];
244 + if (modelname=="Dragino RS485-NB"){
245 + listdata.push({"ts":ts,"values":{"Payload":obj1[key1][0]}});
246 + }
247 + else{
248 + listdata.push({"ts":ts,"values":{"values":obj1[key1]}});
249 + }
250 +}
251 + var result = {
252 + deviceName: deviceName,
253 + deviceType: modelname,
254 + attributes: {
255 + model: modelname
256 + //customerName: "NB-CB",
257 + //groupName: "NB-CB",
258 + //integrationName: metadata['integrationName']
259 + },
260 + telemetry: listdata
277 277  };
278 -
279 -/** Helper functions 'decodeToString' and 'decodeToJson' are already built-in **/
280 -
281 281  return result;
282 282  {{/code}}
283 283  
... ... @@ -285,18 +285,18 @@
285 285  Once you modify the decoder function, click on the **Add** button.
286 286  
287 287  
269 +[[image:mqtt-uplink-converter.png||height="498" width="500"]]
288 288  
289 -[[image:ul-data-converter-device-a.png||height="524" width="500"]]
290 290  
291 291  
292 292  You should see that the newly added **MQTT Uplink converter **NB/CB is listed on the **Data Converters** page.
293 293  
294 294  
295 -[[image:ul-data-converter-added.png||height="257"]]
296 296  
277 +[[image:data-converters-list.png]]
297 297  
298 298  
299 -= 5. Add Integration =
280 += 4. Add Integration =
300 300  
301 301  
302 302  In the left navigation, click **Integrations center**, and then click **Integrations**.
... ... @@ -316,18 +316,17 @@
316 316  **Basic settings:**
317 317  
318 318  * **Integration type**: MQTT
319 -* **Name**: MQTT integration - Device A
300 +* **Name**: MQTT integration
320 320  * **Enable integration**: YES
321 -* **Allows create devices or assets**: YES
302 +* **Allow create devices or assets**: YES
322 322  
323 323  Click **Next** button.
324 324  
325 325  
326 -[[image:add-integration-basic-settings.png||height="504" width="500"]]
327 327  
308 +[[image:add-integration-part-1.png||height="483" width="500"]]
328 328  
329 329  
330 -
331 331  **Uplink data converter:**
332 332  
333 333  * Click on the **Select existing** button.
... ... @@ -336,8 +336,8 @@
336 336  Click **Next** button.
337 337  
338 338  
339 -[[image:add-integration-ul-data-converter.png||height="505" width="500"]]
340 340  
320 +[[image:add-integration-part-2.png||height="484" width="500"]]
341 341  
342 342  
343 343  **Downlink data converter:**
... ... @@ -355,20 +355,18 @@
355 355  
356 356  **Connection:**
357 357  
358 -* **Host**: Host URL (Eg. **//011731f7xxxxxxxxxxxfbbedfc63f4.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud//**)
359 -* **Port**: 8883
338 +* **Host**: Host URL (Eg, **//011731f7xxxxxxxxxxxfbbedfc63f4.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud//**)
339 +* **Port**: 8883 (the port number may differ based on your MQTT broker)
360 360  * **Credentials type**: Basic
361 361  * **Username**: Username (from your HiveMQ Cloud Cluster with your credentials)
362 362  * **Password:** Password (from your HiveMQ Cloud Cluster with your credentials)
363 363  * **Enable SSL**: YES
364 -* **Topic: device/a** (The topic can be anything; you can even use just the device name.)
344 +* **Topic**: # (the # symbol indicates that it filters all topics).
365 365  * **QoS:** 0-At most once
366 366  
347 +[[image:add-integration-4.png||height="484" width="500"]]
367 367  
368 368  
369 -[[image:add-integartion-connection.png||height="505" width="500"]]
370 -
371 -
372 372  Click on the **Advanced settings** button.
373 373  
374 374  * **Clean session:** YES
... ... @@ -396,51 +396,59 @@
396 396  Since we haven't received data from a device yet, the integration **Status** is shown as **Pending.**
397 397  
398 398  
399 -[[image:new-integration-pending.png]]
400 400  
378 +[[image:integrations-pending.png]]
401 401  
402 -= 6. Verifying the receipt of data from virtual devices =
403 403  
381 += 5. Verifying the receipt of data from virtual devices =
404 404  
405 -== 6.1 How does it work? ==
406 406  
384 +== 5.1 How does it work? ==
407 407  
386 +
408 408  We use the Mosquitto MQTT client to simulate MQTT messages, acting as a virtual device. First, install the Mosquitto client on your computer from [[this link>>url:https://mosquitto.org/download/]]. The Mosquitto client publishes messages to the MQTT broker (HiveMQ) on a specified MQTT topic. ThingsBoard subscribes to these messages using the same topic.
409 409  
410 -The Mosquitto client publishes messages (payloads) on the topic **/device/a**. Of course, you can use any topic for testing.
389 +The Mosquitto client publishes messages (payloads) to a topic - for example, # or device/ts01-nb. You can, of course, use any topic you prefer.
411 411  
412 -(% id="cke_bm_37386S" style="display:none" %) (%%)The MQTT payload format is as follows:
413 413  
392 +(% id="cke_bm_37386S" style="display:none" %) (%%)The MQTT payload format is as follows. The **IMEI **and **Model **are mandatory fields. For other fields, you can use any number of key-value pairs.
393 +
414 414  {{code language="none"}}
415 -{"IMEI": "350693903995577", "temperature":25, "humidity":80, "pressure":1005}
395 +{"IMEI":"350693903995577", "Model":"TS01-NB", "temperature":30, "humidity":80, "pressure":1005}
416 416  {{/code}}
417 417  
418 -Once ThingsBoard receives this message, it forwards this payload to the matching device through the integration.
419 419  
420 -
421 421  == 5.2 Sending messages ==
422 422  
423 423  
424 -On the terminal, issue the following MQTT command which simulates the device S31B-NB. The message payload contains the fields temperature and humidity, which hold the values S31B-NB and 27, respectively. This payload is also (technically) known as telemetry.
402 +On your computer's terminal, issue the following MQTT command, which simulates the device named '**350693903995577'**. The message payload contains the fields IMEI, Model, temperature, humidity, and pressure, which hold the values 350693903995577,  TS01-NB, 30, 80, and 1005 respectively. This payload is also (technically) known as telemetry.
425 425  
426 426  {{code language="none"}}
427 -mosquitto_pub -d -q 1 -h 011731f7928xxxxx.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud -p 8883 -u "xxxxx" -P "xxxxx" -t "device/a" -m '{"IMEI":"350693903995577", "temperature":30, "humidity":80, "pressure":1005}'
405 +mosquitto_pub -d -q 1 -h 011731f7928xxxxx.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud -p 8883 -u "xxxxx" -P "xxxxx" -t "device/350693903995577" -m '{"IMEI":"350693903995577", "Model":"TS01-NB", "temperature":30, "humidity":80, "pressure":1005}'
428 428  {{/code}}
429 429  
430 -If the integration was performed without errors, the status of the integration changes to 'Active' after the first telemetry transmission.
408 +If the integration was performed without errors, a new device named **350693903995577 **is created in the **Devices **section.
431 431  
432 432  
433 -[[image:integration-active.png]]
411 +[[image:new-device-1.png]]
434 434  
435 435  
414 +The status of the integration also changes to '**Active**' after the first telemetry transmission.
436 436  
437 437  
438 -== 6.3 Viewing messages ==
417 +[[image:Screenshot 2025-04-21 122154.png]]
439 439  
440 440  
420 +
421 +**When ThingsBoard receives this message for the first time, it will automatically create a new device named '350693903995577' in the Devices section. The device name is based on the IMEI number. For subsequent messages with the same IMEI, no duplicate devices will be created. Each new IMEI number will result in a unique entry in the Devices section, representing a physical device.**
422 +
423 +
424 +== 5.3 Viewing messages ==
425 +
426 +
441 441  Go back to the **Integrations** page.
442 442  
443 -Click on the **MQTT integration NB/CB** in the **Integrations** page to see its details.
429 +Click on the **MQTT integration** in the **Integrations** page to see its details.
444 444  
445 445  Click on the **Edit** button (//**pen icon**//).
446 446  
... ... @@ -453,33 +453,34 @@
453 453  Then click on the **Apply changes** (//**tick icon**//) button.
454 454  
455 455  
456 -[[image:Screenshot 2025-03-18 at 09.23.10.png]]
457 457  
443 +[[image:Screenshot 2025-04-21 122936.png||height="247" width="500"]]
458 458  
445 +
459 459  Now go to the **Events** tab.
460 460  
461 -Select the Event type as **Debug** from the dropdown list.
448 +Select the **Event type** as **Debug** from the dropdown list.
462 462  
463 -Now you can see all the Uplink messages you are simulating through the MQTT broker. The status should be **OK **if there is no errors in your integration.
450 +Publish another message (of course, you can repeat the previous message by pressing the UP arrow on your keyboard and then press Enter key) to your MQTT broker from your terminal, for example:
464 464  
452 +{{code language="none"}}
453 +mosquitto_pub -d -q 1 -h 011731f7928xxxxx.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud -p 8883 -u "xxxxx" -P "xxxxx" -t "device/350693903995577" -m '{"IMEI":"350693903995577", "Model":"TS01-NB", "temperature":30, "humidity":82, "pressure":1005}'
454 +{{/code}}
465 465  
466 -[[image:Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 19.49.31.png]]
456 +Now you can see that uplink message in the **Events** tab (Click the **refresh** button if you didn't see any messages in the Events tab). The status should be **OK **if there is no errors in your integration.
467 467  
468 468  
469 -
470 -
471 471  Then click on the **three dots (...)** in the **Message** column. You can see the uplink message's **payload** in the **Message** window.
472 472  
473 473  
474 -[[image:Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 19.47.52.png]]
475 475  
463 +[[image:Screenshot 2025-04-21 122909.png]]
476 476  
477 477  
478 -
479 479  Now, you have successfully tested your integration with a simulated uplink payload and verified that it is received by ThingsBoard, and the device is provisioned.
480 480  
481 481  
482 -= 7. Creating a Dashboard =
469 += 6. Creating a Dashboard =
483 483  
484 484  ThingsBoard **Dashboards** provide a powerful way to visualize and monitor real-time and historical data from connected devices. They allow users to create interactive, customizable panels displaying telemetry data, device status, and other key metrics. With a variety of widgets, including charts, maps, and tables, dashboards help users gain insights, track trends, and manage IoT deployments efficiently.
485 485  
... ... @@ -487,11 +487,6 @@
487 487  This section guides you on how to create a dashboard to display temperature and humidity data from the device on a time-series chart. You may also use other widgets in ThingsBoard to display data according to your requirements.
488 488  
489 489  
490 -First simulate a few messages using MQTT. This time, we have added the 'humidity' field to the payload. Eg:
491 -
492 -{{code language="none"}}mosquitto_pub -d -q 1 -h 011731f7928xxxxx.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud -p 8883 -t "v1/devices/me/telemetry" -u "xxxxx" -P "xxxxx" -m '{"IMEI": "S31B-NB", "temperature": 22, "humidity":80}'{{/code}}
493 -
494 -
495 495  In **ThingsBoard**, from the left navigation menu, click **Dashboards**. Then, click the **+** button and select **Create new dashboard** from the dropdown menu.
496 496  
497 497  
... ... @@ -527,44 +527,41 @@
527 527  
528 528  Configure the **Time series chart** widget as follows:
529 529  
530 -* **Datasource** - select S31B-NB device you provisioned.
512 +* **Datasource** - select **350693903995577 **you provisioned.
531 531  * **Series**:
532 532  ** **temperature** - you can see this key by default.
533 -** **humidity** - Click **Add series** button. Then add the **humidity** for the key and then type **%** as its unit.
515 +** **humidity** - Click **Add series** button. Then choose **humidity** for the key, and then type **%** as its unit.
516 +** pressure -  Click **Add series** button. Then choose **humidity** for the key, and then type Pa as its unit.
534 534  * Click on the **Add** button.
535 535  
536 -[[image:timeseries-1.png||height="491" width="700"]]
519 +{{info}}
520 +You can add only the relevant fields from the device's payload to display data on a widget. These fields are called 'keys'.
521 +{{/info}}
537 537  
538 538  
539 -The time-series chart will appear in edit mode. Resize it by clicking and dragging the lower-right corner.
540 540  
541 -Click the **Save** button to add the widget to the dashboard.
525 +[[image:Screenshot 2025-04-21 123647.png||height="466" width="700"]]
542 542  
543 543  
544 -[[image:timeseries-3.png||height="347" width="700"]]
528 +The time-series chart will appear in edit mode. Resize it by clicking and dragging the lower-right corner.
545 545  
530 +Click the **Save** button to add the widget to the dashboard.
546 546  
547 -Now send the following MQTT messages from the terminal to simulate the data.
548 548  
533 +[[image:Screenshot 2025-04-21 124145.png||height="443" width="700"]]
549 549  
550 -{{code language="none"}}
551 -mosquitto_pub -d -q 1 -h 011731f7928xxxxx.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud -p 8883 -t "v1/devices/me/telemetry" -u "xxxxx" -P "xxxxx" -m '{"IMEI": "S31B-NB", "temperature": 22, "humidity":70}'
552 552  
553 -mosquitto_pub -d -q 1 -h 011731f7928xxxxx.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud -p 8883 -t "v1/devices/me/telemetry" -u "xxxxx" -P "xxxxx" -m '{"IMEI": "S31B-NB", "temperature": 27, "humidity":72}'
536 +**Now send a few MQTT messages from the terminal to simulate the data. Use different values for temperature, humidity, and pressure in each message.**
554 554  
555 -mosquitto_pub -d -q 1 -h 011731f7928xxxxx.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud -p 8883 -t "v1/devices/me/telemetry" -u "xxxxx" -P "xxxxx" -m '{"IMEI": "S31B-NB", "temperature": 19, "humidity":80}'
538 +**The chart will update with the values in real time, and you will see a live chart similar to this:**
556 556  
557 -{{/code}}
558 558  
559 -The chart will update with the values in realtime, as shown in the below image.
541 +[[image:Screenshot 2025-04-21 124054.png||height="441" width="700"]]
560 560  
561 561  
562 -[[image:timeseries-4.png||height="316" width="700"]]
544 += 8. Configure Physical NB-IoT Sensor =
563 563  
564 564  
565 -= 8. Configure NB-IoT Sensor =
566 -
567 -
568 568  Now, let's experiment with sending data to ThingsBoard using a real NB-IoT device. For example, we will use the **TS01-NB**.
569 569  
570 570  First, configure the NB-IoT device with the necessary MQTT settings using AT commands. Below is a list of AT commands you can use.
... ... @@ -573,8 +573,8 @@
573 573  **AT Commands**
574 574  
575 575  * **AT+PRO=3,3    **~/~/ Use MQTT to connect to ThingsBoard. Payload Type set to 3.
576 -* **AT+SUBTOPIC=<MQTT subscribe topic> Eg: TS01-NB**
577 -* **AT+PUBTOPIC=<MQTT publish topic> Eg: TS01-NB**
555 +* **AT+SUBTOPIC=<MQTT subscribe topic> Eg: # -  **You can leave the SUBTOPIC configuration as it is, since we are not sending downlink messages to the device at the moment.
556 +* **AT+PUBTOPIC=<MQTT publish topic> Eg: #**
578 578  * **AT+CLIENT=null**
579 579  * **AT+UNAME=<MQTT Username>**
580 580  * **AT+PWD=<MQTT Password>**
... ... @@ -583,13 +583,7 @@
583 583  Test your uplink by pressing the ACT button for 1 second.
584 584  
585 585  
565 +The following image shows the uplink payload of a real Dragino device. The publish topic is '**TS01-NB' that contains fields in the payload, IMEI, IMSI, Model, temperature, etc**. Note that we have created a device named **TS01-NB** in the **Devices** section in advance.
586 586  
587 -The following image shows the uplink payload of a real Dragino device. The publish topic is **TS01-NB**, and the device name is **861275077962896**, which is represented by the **IMEI**.
588 588  
589 -{{info}}
590 -The ThingsBoard uses the device's IMEI number included in the payload to create a device in the Devices section.
591 -{{/info}}
592 -
593 593  [[image:image-4.png]]
594 -
595 -
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