Changes for page ThingsBoard
Last modified by Dilisi S on 2025/04/23 19:23
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... ... @@ -22,7 +22,10 @@ 22 22 To complete this tutorial, you need to have the following: 23 23 24 24 * ThingsBoard cloud account 25 -* HiveMQ Cloud account 25 +* MQTT Broker (public or private) such as, 26 +** **[[HiveMQ Cloud>>https://www.hivemq.com]] - You can create a free account to try it or subscribe for a paid account. - We use HiveMQ Cloud as the MQTT broker to build example in this tutorial.** 27 +** [[emqx>>https://www.emqx.com/zh/mqtt/public-mqtt5-broker]] - The public MQTT server is only used for MOTT learning and testing, and should not be used in the production environment. 28 +** [[lns1.thingseye.io>>http://lns1.thingseye.io/]] - This is Dragino's MQTT broker, which requires a CA certificate to use. 26 26 27 27 == 2.1 ThingsBoard Cloud == 28 28 ... ... @@ -66,7 +66,9 @@ 66 66 67 67 == 2.2 HiveMQ Cloud == 68 68 72 +=== 2.2.1 HiveMQ Cloud === 69 69 74 + 70 70 Go to [[https:~~/~~/www.hivemq.com>>https://www.hivemq.com]] 71 71 72 72 Click on the **Start Free** button. ... ... @@ -141,147 +141,152 @@ 141 141 You will need these MQTT connection parameters when configuring the MQTT integration in the '**Add Integration**' section. 142 142 143 143 144 -= 3.Data Converters=149 +=== 2.2.2 emqx === 145 145 146 146 147 - In **ThingsBoard**, **DataConverters** areponentsusedtotransformincomingoroutgoing data between different formats,typicallytoconvertrawtelemetry data fromdevicestoa structuredformatthatThingsBoardcanunderstand,or viceersa.152 +The [[emqx>>https://www.emqx.com/zh/mqtt/public-mqtt5-broker]] public MQTT server is only used for MOTT learning and testing, and should not be used in the production environment. 148 148 149 149 150 - == 3.1 Uplink==155 +[[image:emqx.png||height="420" width="500"]] 151 151 152 152 153 - Intheleft navigation, click **Integrationscenter**, and then click **Data converters**.158 +=== 2.2.3 Ins1.thingseye.io === 154 154 160 +[[lns1.thingseye.io>>http://lns1.thingseye.io/]] is the Dragino's MQTT broker, which requires a CA certificate file, Certificate file, and the Private key file to use. 155 155 162 +If customers need to use this MQTT connection with ThingsBoard, they need to contact the TE team to obtain three license files. 156 156 157 -[[image: data-converters-list-empty.png]]164 +[[image:ins1.png||height="310" width="500"]] 158 158 159 159 160 - Onthe**Data converters** page, click onthe‘**+**’ button, and then click on the**Create new converter** from the dropdown menu.167 += 3. Creating Devices = 161 161 162 162 170 +First, you need to create devices in ThingsBoard to represent your physical devices. For example, you can name it **Device A**, and the second device could be **Device B** or any name you prefer. The device name should be unique within the **Devices** space. 163 163 164 -[[image:create-new-converter-menu.png||height="259" width="500"]] 165 165 173 +In the left navigation, click Entities -> Devices. 166 166 167 - Thedataconverter**windowwill appear. Name it‘**MQTT UplinkConverter NB/CB**’andselecttheTypeas **Uplink**.175 +Click the **Add Device** button (the button with the **+** sign), and from the dropdown menu, click **Add new device**. 168 168 169 - Click on theTBEL** button if not selectedit bydefault.Deletethe existingdecoder function in thecodeeditor.Nowcopy and paste thefollowingdecoderfunction writtenin **TBEL (ThingsBoard Expression Language)**into the**code editor**.This decoderfunction is compatibleforbothNB and CBseries devices.177 +In the **Add new device** dialog box, enter the device name in the **Name** text box. For example, we will use **Device A**. 170 170 171 -{{code language="JavaScript"}} 172 -/** Decoder **/ 179 +Click the **Add** button. 173 173 174 -// decode payload to string 175 -var payloadStr = decodeToString(payload); 176 -var data = JSON.parse(payloadStr); 181 +Skip the **connectivity testing** by clicking the **Close** button. 177 177 178 -var deviceName = metadata.topic.split("/")[3]; 179 -// decode payload to JSON 180 -var deviceType = 'sensor'; 183 +The device is created and listed on the **Devices** page. Note that its initial state is **Inactive** because it has not received any data yet. 181 181 182 -// Result object with device attributes/telemetry data 183 -var result = { 184 - deviceName: deviceName, 185 - deviceType: deviceType, 186 - attributes: { 187 - integrationName: metadata['integrationName'], 188 - }, 189 - telemetry: { 190 - temperature: data.temperature, 191 - humidity: data.humidity, 192 - } 193 -}; 194 194 195 - /**Helperfunctions 'decodeToString'and'decodeToJson' arealreadybuilt-in **/186 += 4. Data Converters = 196 196 197 -return result; 198 -{{/code}} 199 199 189 +In **ThingsBoard**, **Data Converters** are components used to transform incoming or outgoing data between different formats, typically to convert raw telemetry data from devices into a structured format that ThingsBoard can understand, or vice versa. 200 200 201 -Click on the **Add** button. 202 202 192 +== 4.1 Uplink == 203 203 204 204 205 - [[image:add-uplink-data-converter.png||height="529" width="500"]]195 +In the left navigation, click **Integrations center**, and then click **Data converters**. 206 206 207 207 208 - You should see thatthe newlyadded **MQTT Uplinkconverter**NB/CB isd onthe **Data Converters**page.198 +[[image:data-converters-list-empty.png]] 209 209 210 -[[image:data-converter-list-showing-uplink-dc.png]] 211 211 212 - 213 - 214 -== 3.2 Downlink == 215 - 216 - 217 217 On the **Data converters** page, click on the ‘**+**’ button, and then click on the **Create new converter** from the dropdown menu. 218 218 219 219 220 -[[image:create-new-converter-menu.png||width="500"]] 221 221 205 +[[image:create-new-converter-menu.png||height="259" width="500"]] 222 222 223 223 224 -The **Add data converter** Downlink Converter NB/CB**’ and select the Type as **Downlink**.208 +The **Add data converter** window will appear. Name it ‘**MQTT Uplink Converter NB/CB**’ and select the Type as **Uplink**. 225 225 226 -Click on the **TBEL** button if not selecteditby default. Now copy and pastethe following encoder functionwrittenin **TBEL (ThingsBoard Expression Language)** into the**codeeditor**.This encoderfunction is compatible for both NB and CB series devices.210 +Click on the **TBEL** button if it has not been selected by default. 227 227 212 +The default TBEL function is shown below. 228 228 214 + 229 229 {{code language="JavaScript"}} 230 -// Encode downlink data from incoming Rule Engine message 216 +// Decode an uplink message from a buffer 217 +// payload - array of bytes 218 +// metadata - key/value object 231 231 232 -// msg - JSON message payload downlink message json 233 -// msgType - type of message, for ex. 'ATTRIBUTES_UPDATED', 'POST_TELEMETRY_REQUEST', etc. 234 -// metadata - list of key-value pairs with additional data about the message 235 -// integrationMetadata - list of key-value pairs with additional data defined in Integration executing this converter 220 +/** Decoder **/ 236 236 237 -/** Encoder **/ 222 +// decode payload to string 223 +var payloadStr = decodeToString(payload); 238 238 239 -var data = {}; 225 +// decode payload to JSON 226 +// var data = decodeToJson(payload); 240 240 241 -// Process data from incoming message and metadata 228 +var deviceName = 'Device A'; 229 +var deviceType = 'thermostat'; 230 +var customerName = 'Customer C'; 231 +var groupName = 'thermostat devices'; 232 +var manufacturer = 'Example corporation'; 233 +// use assetName and assetType instead of deviceName and deviceType 234 +// to automatically create assets instead of devices. 235 +// var assetName = 'Asset A'; 236 +// var assetType = 'building'; 242 242 243 -data.tempFreq = msg.temperatureUploadFrequency; 244 -data.humFreq = msg.humidityUploadFrequency; 245 - 246 -data.devSerialNumber = metadata['ss_serialNumber']; 247 - 248 -// Result object with encoded downlink payload 238 +// Result object with device/asset attributes/telemetry data 249 249 var result = { 240 +// Use deviceName and deviceType or assetName and assetType, but not both. 241 + deviceName: deviceName, 242 + deviceType: deviceType, 243 +// assetName: assetName, 244 +// assetType: assetType, 245 +// customerName: customerName, 246 + groupName: groupName, 247 + attributes: { 248 + model: 'Model A', 249 + serialNumber: 'SN111', 250 + integrationName: metadata['integrationName'], 251 + manufacturer: manufacturer 252 + }, 253 + telemetry: { 254 + temperature: 42, 255 + humidity: 80, 256 + rawData: payloadStr 257 + } 258 +}; 250 250 251 - // downlink data content type: JSON, TEXT or BINARY (base64 format) 252 - contentType: "JSON", 260 +/** Helper functions 'decodeToString' and 'decodeToJson' are already built-in **/ 253 253 254 - // downlinkdata255 - ata: JSON.stringify(data),262 +return result; 263 +{{/code}} 256 256 257 - // Optional metadata object presented in key/value format 258 - metadata: { 259 - topic: metadata['deviceType']+'/'+metadata['deviceName']+'/upload' 260 - } 265 +We use the same decoder function for all our devices. However, you need to modify a few things for each device. Among these, **deviceName** is a **mandatory** field. You should assign a device name to the **deviceName** field that matches the name of your device in the **Devices** section. 261 261 262 - };267 +For example, if your device name is **Device B**, you can change **Device A** to **Device B**. 263 263 264 -return result; 269 + 270 +{{code language="JavaScript"}} 271 +var deviceName = 'Device A'; 272 +var deviceType = 'thermostat'; 273 +var customerName = 'Customer C'; 274 +var groupName = 'thermostat devices'; 275 +var manufacturer = 'Example corporation'; 265 265 {{/code}} 266 266 267 267 268 - Click on the **Add** button.279 +Once you modify the decoder function, click on the **Add** button. 269 269 270 270 282 +[[image:mqtt-uplink.png||width="500"]] 271 271 272 -[[image:add-downlink-data-converter.png||height="529" width="500"]] 273 273 274 274 275 -You should see that the newly added **MQTT Downlink**Converter NB/CB is listed on the **Data Converters** page.286 +You should see that the newly added **MQTT Uplink converter **NB/CB is listed on the **Data Converters** page. 276 276 277 277 278 -[[image:data-converter s-list.png]]289 +[[image:data-converter-list-showing-uplink-dc.png]] 279 279 280 280 292 += 5. Add Integration = 281 281 282 -= 4. Add Integration = 283 283 284 - 285 285 In the left navigation, click **Integrations center**, and then click **Integrations**. 286 286 287 287 ... ... @@ -306,7 +306,6 @@ 306 306 Click **Next** button. 307 307 308 308 309 - 310 310 [[image:add-integration-basic-settings.png||height="511" width="500"]] 311 311 312 312 ... ... @@ -318,31 +318,31 @@ 318 318 Click **Next** button. 319 319 320 320 321 - 322 322 [[image:add-integration-uplink-data-converter.png||height="511" width="500"]] 323 323 324 324 325 325 **Downlink data converter:** 326 326 327 -* Click on the **Select existing** button. 328 -* **Downlink data converter**: Select **MQTT Downlink Converter NB/CB **from the dropdown list. 335 +Dragino NB/CB devices don't require a downlink data converter to decode their payloads, so you can skip this step. 329 329 330 -Click **Next** button.337 +* Click on the **Skip **button in the Downlink data converter section. 331 331 339 +Click **Skip** button. 332 332 333 333 334 -[[image: add-integration-downlink-data-converter.png||height="511" width="500"]]342 +[[image:integration-dl-skip.png||height="511" width="500"]] 335 335 336 336 345 + 337 337 **Connection:** 338 338 339 -* **Host**: Cluster URL (Eg. 011731f7 928541588a6cdfbbedfc63f4.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud)348 +* **Host**: Cluster URL (Eg. **//011731f7xxxxxxxxxxxfbbedfc63f4.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud//**) 340 340 * **Port**: 8883 341 341 * **Credentials**: Basic 342 342 * **Enable SSL**: YES 343 343 * **Username**: Username (from your HiveMQ Cloud Cluster with your credentials) 344 344 * **Password:** Password (from your HiveMQ Cloud Cluster with your credentials) 345 -* **Topic: **tb/mqtt-integration-tutorial/sensors/+/telemetry (the+ replacesany'device name'and creates devicesintheEntities->Devices)354 +* **Topic: v1/devices/me/telemetry** (The topic can be anything; you can even use just the device name. For example, you can use your device name here, such as devices/a/telemetry.) 346 346 * **QoS:** 0-At most once 347 347 348 348 [[image:add-integration-connection.png||height="511" width="500"]] ... ... @@ -350,8 +350,8 @@ 350 350 351 351 Click on the **Advanced settings** button. 352 352 353 -* **Clean session:** NO354 -* **Retained**: NO362 +* **Clean session:** YES 363 +* **Retained**: YES 355 355 356 356 [[image:add-integration-connection-advanced-settings.png||height="510" width="500"]] 357 357 ... ... @@ -375,47 +375,201 @@ 375 375 Since we haven't received data from a device yet, the integration **Status** is shown as **Pending.** 376 376 377 377 378 - 379 379 [[image:new-integration-pending.png]] 380 380 381 381 382 -= 5. Verifying the receipt of data from virtual devices =390 += 6. Verifying the receipt of data from virtual devices = 383 383 384 384 385 -== 5.1 How does it work? ==393 +== 6.1 How does it work? == 386 386 395 + 387 387 We use the Mosquitto MQTT client to simulate MQTT messages, acting as a virtual device. First, install the Mosquitto client on your computer from [[this link>>url:https://mosquitto.org/download/]]. The Mosquitto client publishes messages to the MQTT broker (HiveMQ) on a specified MQTT topic. ThingsBoard subscribes to these messages using the same topic. 388 388 389 -The Mosquitto client publishes messages on the topic v1/devices/ [device_name]/telemetry.The [device_name]placeholder canbereplaced with anydevicename,forexample, 'S31B-NB'. Then,theMQTT topic would be v1/devices/S31B-NB/telemetry.398 +The Mosquitto client publishes messages (payloads) on the topic **v1/devices/me/telemetry**. Of course, you can use any topic for testing. 390 390 391 - Onthe ThingsBoard side, we configurethe MQTTtopicsubscriptionasv1/devices/+/telemetry.The + wildcardrepresentsanydevicenameandallowsThingsBoardutomaticallycreate(provision)a device with thatname,suchasS31B-NB,forexample.400 +(% id="cke_bm_37386S" style="display:none" %) (%%)The MQTT payload format is as follows, which is common for all **~-~-NB** and **~-~-CB** series devices. The **IMEI** field is mandatory and is used to provision a new device with the name assigned to it in ThingsBoard. 392 392 402 +{{code language="none"}} 403 +{"IMEI": "S31B-NB", "temperature": 27, ......} 404 +{{/code}} 393 393 394 - **Thenew device iscreatedthe firsttime theMQTTtopicis received. ForsubsequentMQTT topicswiththesamedevicename,no duplicate deviceswillbecreated.**406 +Once ThingsBoard receives this message, it automatically creates (provisions) the device mentioned in the **IMEI**, for example, S31B-NB. 395 395 396 396 397 - Forexample,if you sendtwo MQTTmessageswith different device names in the topic:409 +== 5.2 Sending messages == 398 398 399 -1. v1/devices/**S31B-NB**/telemetry 400 -1. v1/devices/**S31B-CB**/telemetry 401 401 402 - ThingsBoard willcreate twodevicesnamed **S31B-NB**and**S31B-CB** inthe**//Devices//**section.412 +On the terminal, issue the following MQTT command which simulates the device S31B-NB. The message payload contains the fields temperature and humidity, which hold the values S31B-NB and 27, respectively. This payload is also (technically) known as telemetry. 403 403 404 - 405 -The MQTT payload format is as follows, for example: 406 - 407 407 {{code language="none"}} 408 - {"temperature":10.4, "humidity":85}415 +mosquitto_pub -d -q 1 -h 011731f7928xxxxx.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud -p 8883 -t "v1/devices/me/telemetry" -u "xxxxx" -P "xxxxx" -m '{"IMEI": "S31B-NB", "temperature": 27}' 409 409 {{/code}} 410 410 418 +If the integration was performed without errors, the status of the integration changes to 'Active' after the first telemetry transmission. 411 411 412 -== 5.2 Sending messages == 413 413 421 +[[image:integration-active.png]] 414 414 415 -On the terminal, issue the following MQTT command which simulates the device S31B-NB. The message payload contains the fields temperature and humidity, which hold the values 10.4 and 85, respectively. This payload is also (technically) known as telemetry. 416 416 424 +Also, a new device named **S31B-NB** will appear under **//Entities -> Devices -> All//**. This means the first MQTT message triggers ThingsBoard to provision a device named **S31B-NB**. 425 + 426 + 427 +[[image:new-device.png]] 428 + 429 + 430 +== 6.3 Viewing messages == 431 + 432 + 433 +Go back to the **Integrations** page. 434 + 435 +Click on the **MQTT integration NB/CB** in the **Integrations** page to see its details. 436 + 437 +Click on the **Edit** button (//**pen icon**//). 438 + 439 +Click on the **Disabled** button in the upper-right corner. 440 + 441 +Turn on the **All messages (15 min)** option. This will enable displaying all messages in the **Events** tab. This setting will expire in 15 minutes, and you will need to repeat the same steps if you want to view the messages in the Events tab later. 442 + 443 +Click on the **Apply** button. 444 + 445 +Then click on the **Apply changes** (//**tick icon**//) button. 446 + 447 + 448 +[[image:Screenshot 2025-03-18 at 09.23.10.png]] 449 + 450 + 451 +Now go to the **Events** tab. 452 + 453 +Select the Event type as **Debug** from the dropdown list. 454 + 455 +Now you can see all the Uplink messages you are simulating through the MQTT broker. The status should be OK if there is no errors in your integration. 456 + 457 + 458 +[[image:Screenshot 2025-03-16 at 18.38.59.png]] 459 + 460 + 461 +Then click on the **three dots (...)** in the **Message** column. You can see the uplink message's **payload** in the **Message** window. 462 + 463 + 464 +[[image:Screenshot 2025-03-16 at 18.39.12.png]] 465 + 466 + 467 +Now, you have successfully tested your integration with a simulated uplink payload and verified that it is received by ThingsBoard, and the device is provisioned. 468 + 469 + 470 += 7. Creating a Dashboard = 471 + 472 +ThingsBoard **Dashboards** provide a powerful way to visualize and monitor real-time and historical data from connected devices. They allow users to create interactive, customizable panels displaying telemetry data, device status, and other key metrics. With a variety of widgets, including charts, maps, and tables, dashboards help users gain insights, track trends, and manage IoT deployments efficiently. 473 + 474 + 475 +This section guides you on how to create a dashboard to display temperature and humidity data from the device on a time-series chart. You may also use other widgets in ThingsBoard to display data according to your requirements. 476 + 477 + 478 +First simulate a few messages using MQTT. This time, we have added the 'humidity' field to the payload. Eg: 479 + 480 +{{code language="none"}}mosquitto_pub -d -q 1 -h 011731f7928xxxxx.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud -p 8883 -t "v1/devices/me/telemetry" -u "xxxxx" -P "xxxxx" -m '{"IMEI": "S31B-NB", "temperature": 22, "humidity":80}'{{/code}} 481 + 482 + 483 +In **ThingsBoard**, from the left navigation menu, click **Dashboards**. Then, click the **+** button and select **Create new dashboard** from the dropdown menu. 484 + 485 + 486 +[[image:dashboard-1.png]] 487 + 488 + 489 +In the **Title** text box, enter **NB/CB Test Dashboard** as the title of the dashboard. 490 + 491 +Click on the **Add** button. 492 + 493 + 494 +[[image:dashboard-2.png||height="526" width="500"]] 495 + 496 + 497 +Click on the **Add widget / Add new widget** button. 498 + 499 + 500 +[[image:dashboard-3.png]] 501 + 502 + 503 +In the **Select widgets bundle** window, click **Charts**. 504 + 505 + 506 +[[image:dashboard-4.png||height="537" width="700"]] 507 + 508 + 509 + 510 +In the **Charts: select widget** window, click **Time series chart**. 511 + 512 + 513 +[[image:dashboard-5.png||height="525" width="700"]] 514 + 515 + 516 +Configure the **Time series chart** widget as follows: 517 + 518 +* **Datasource** - select S31B-NB device you provisioned. 519 +* **Series**: 520 +** **temperature** - you can see this key by default. 521 +** **humidity** - Click **Add series** button. Then add the **humidity** for the key and then type **%** as its unit. 522 +* Click on the **Add** button. 523 + 524 +[[image:timeseries-1.png||height="491" width="700"]] 525 + 526 + 527 +The time-series chart will appear in edit mode. Resize it by clicking and dragging the lower-right corner. 528 + 529 +Click the **Save** button to add the widget to the dashboard. 530 + 531 + 532 +[[image:timeseries-3.png||height="347" width="700"]] 533 + 534 + 535 +Now send the following MQTT messages from the terminal to simulate the data. 536 + 537 + 417 417 {{code language="none"}} 418 -mosquitto_pub -d -q 1 -h 011731f7928541588a6cdfbbedfc63f4.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud -p 8883 -t "tb/mqtt-integration-tutorial/sensors/SN-001/telemetry" -u "pradeeka" -P "Kalpani123@" -m '{"temperature":10.4, "humidity":85}' 539 +mosquitto_pub -d -q 1 -h 011731f7928xxxxx.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud -p 8883 -t "v1/devices/me/telemetry" -u "xxxxx" -P "xxxxx" -m '{"IMEI": "S31B-NB", "temperature": 22, "humidity":70}' 540 + 541 +mosquitto_pub -d -q 1 -h 011731f7928xxxxx.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud -p 8883 -t "v1/devices/me/telemetry" -u "xxxxx" -P "xxxxx" -m '{"IMEI": "S31B-NB", "temperature": 27, "humidity":72}' 542 + 543 +mosquitto_pub -d -q 1 -h 011731f7928xxxxx.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud -p 8883 -t "v1/devices/me/telemetry" -u "xxxxx" -P "xxxxx" -m '{"IMEI": "S31B-NB", "temperature": 19, "humidity":80}' 544 + 419 419 {{/code}} 420 420 421 -If the integration was performed without errors, after the transmission of the first telemetry, a new device with the name “S31B-NB” will appear in the Devices → All. Also, you can verify the input and output data, respectively, before and after conversion in Data converters → UDP Uplink Converter NB/CB → Events. 547 +The chart will update with the values in realtime, as shown in the below image. 548 + 549 + 550 +[[image:timeseries-4.png||height="316" width="700"]] 551 + 552 + 553 += 8. Configure NB-IoT Sensor = 554 + 555 + 556 +Now, let's experiment with sending data to ThingsBoard using a real NB-IoT device. For example, we will use the **TS01-NB**. 557 + 558 +First, configure the NB-IoT device with the necessary MQTT settings using AT commands. Below is a list of AT commands you can use. 559 + 560 + 561 +**AT Commands** 562 + 563 +* **AT+PRO=3,3 **~/~/ Use MQTT to connect to ThingsBoard. Payload Type set to 3. 564 +* **AT+SUBTOPIC=<MQTT subscribe topic> Eg: TS01-NB** 565 +* **AT+PUBTOPIC=<MQTT publish topic> Eg: TS01-NB** 566 +* **AT+CLIENT=null** 567 +* **AT+UNAME=<MQTT Username>** 568 +* **AT+PWD=<MQTT Password>** 569 +* **AT+SERVADDR=<Broker address, Port>** 570 + 571 +Test your uplink by pressing the ACT button for 1 second. 572 + 573 + 574 + 575 +The following image shows the uplink payload of a real Dragino device. The publish topic is **TS01-NB**, and the device name is **861275077962896**, which is represented by the **IMEI**. 576 + 577 +{{info}} 578 +The ThingsBoard uses the device's IMEI number included in the payload to create a device in the Devices section. 579 +{{/info}} 580 + 581 +[[image:image-4.png]] 582 + 583 + 584 +
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