Changes for page ThingsBoard
Last modified by Dilisi S on 2025/04/23 19:23
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... ... @@ -21,13 +21,57 @@ 21 21 22 22 To complete this tutorial, you need to have the following: 23 23 24 -* ThingsBoard cloud account - 25 -* HiveMQ Cloud account 24 +* ThingsBoard cloud account 25 +* MQTT Broker (public or private) such as, 26 +** **[[HiveMQ Cloud>>https://www.hivemq.com]] - You can create a free account to try it or subscribe for a paid account. - We use HiveMQ Cloud as the MQTT broker to build example in this tutorial.** 27 +** [[emqx>>https://www.emqx.com/zh/mqtt/public-mqtt5-broker]] - The public MQTT server is only used for MOTT learning and testing, and should not be used in the production environment. 28 +** [[lns1.thingseye.io>>http://lns1.thingseye.io/]] - This is Dragino's MQTT broker, which requires a CA certificate to use. 26 26 30 +== 2.1 ThingsBoard Cloud == 27 27 28 -== 2.1 HiveMQ Cloud == 29 29 33 +Go to [[https:~~/~~/thingsboard.io/>>https://thingsboard.io/]] 30 30 35 +Click on the **Try it now**. 36 + 37 + 38 +[[image:thingsboard-1.png]] 39 + 40 + 41 +Select either the **North America** or **Europe** region. Here, we use the Europe region. 42 + 43 +[[image:thingsboard-2.png]] 44 + 45 + 46 +You can sign up with your **Google**, **GitHub**, **Facebook**, or **Apple** account. If not you can create an account with providing your **name**, **email address** and a **password**. 47 + 48 +Click on the **Sign up** button. 49 + 50 +[[image:thingsboard-3.png||height="651" width="500"]] 51 + 52 + 53 +You will be navigated to the following page. 54 + 55 +[[image:thingsboard-5.png||height="109" width="500"]] 56 + 57 + 58 +simultaneously, you will receive an email to confirm your email address. Click on the **Activate Your Account** button. 59 + 60 + 61 +[[image:thingsboard-4.png||height="249" width="500"]] 62 + 63 + 64 +Now losing to the account using your credentials: 65 + 66 + 67 +[[image:thingsboard-6.png||height="244" width="500"]] 68 + 69 + 70 +== 2.2 HiveMQ Cloud == 71 + 72 +=== 2.2.1 HiveMQ Cloud === 73 + 74 + 31 31 Go to [[https:~~/~~/www.hivemq.com>>https://www.hivemq.com]] 32 32 33 33 Click on the **Start Free** button. ... ... @@ -80,154 +80,178 @@ 80 80 **Port**: 8883 81 81 82 82 83 -Click on the **Getting Started** tab to setup the username and the password. 127 +Click on the **Getting Started** tab to setup the username and the password as the connection credentials. 84 84 85 85 86 86 [[image:hivemq-8.png]] 87 87 88 88 133 +In the '**Create Connection Credentials**' section, provide a **username** and **password**, then click the **Add** button. 89 89 90 -= 2. Data Converters = 91 91 136 +[[image:hivemq-9.png]] 92 92 93 -In **ThingsBoard**, **Data Converters** are components used to transform incoming or outgoing data between different formats, typically to convert raw telemetry data from devices into a structured format that ThingsBoard can understand, or vice versa. 94 94 95 95 96 - ==2.1Uplink==140 +If everything is successful, you will see the following message. 97 97 98 98 99 - In the left navigation, click **Integrations center**, and then click **Dataconverters**.143 +[[image:hivemq-10.png||height="206" width="500"]] 100 100 101 101 146 +You will need these MQTT connection parameters when configuring the MQTT integration in the '**Add Integration**' section. 102 102 103 -[[image:data-converters-list-empty.png]] 104 104 149 +=== 2.2.2 emqx === 105 105 106 -On the **Data converters** page, click on the ‘**+**’ button, and then click on the **Create new converter** from the dropdown menu. 107 107 152 +The [[emqx>>https://www.emqx.com/zh/mqtt/public-mqtt5-broker]] public MQTT server is only used for MOTT learning and testing, and should not be used in the production environment. 108 108 109 109 110 -[[image: create-new-converter-menu.png||height="259" width="500"]]155 +[[image:emqx.png||height="420" width="500"]] 111 111 112 112 113 - The**Adddata converter** window will appear.Name it‘**MQTT Uplink Converter NB/CB**’ andselect the Typeas **Uplink**.158 +=== 2.2.3 Ins1.thingseye.io === 114 114 115 - Click one **TBEL** buttonifnotselecteditby default. Delete the existingdecoder functioninthecode editor. Now copyand pastethefollowing decoderfunctionwrittenin **TBEL (ThingsBoard ExpressionLanguage)**in tothe **codeeditor**.Thisdecoderfunctioniscompatiblefor both NBandCB seriesdevices.160 +[[lns1.thingseye.io>>http://lns1.thingseye.io/]] is the Dragino's MQTT broker, which requires a CA certificate file, Certificate file, and the Private key file to use. 116 116 117 -{{code language="JavaScript"}} 118 -/** Decoder **/ 162 +If customers need to use this MQTT connection with ThingsBoard, they need to contact the TE team to obtain three license files. 119 119 120 -// decode payload to string 121 -var payloadStr = decodeToString(payload); 122 -var data = JSON.parse(payloadStr); 164 +[[image:ins1.png||height="310" width="500"]] 123 123 124 -var deviceName = metadata.topic.split("/")[3]; 125 -// decode payload to JSON 126 -var deviceType = 'sensor'; 127 127 128 -// Result object with device attributes/telemetry data 129 -var result = { 130 - deviceName: deviceName, 131 - deviceType: deviceType, 132 - attributes: { 133 - integrationName: metadata['integrationName'], 134 - }, 135 - telemetry: { 136 - temperature: data.temperature, 137 - humidity: data.humidity, 138 - } 139 -}; 167 += 3. Creating Devices = 140 140 141 -/** Helper functions 'decodeToString' and 'decodeToJson' are already built-in **/ 142 142 143 -return result; 144 -{{/code}} 170 +First, you need to create devices in ThingsBoard to represent your physical devices. For example, you can name it **Device A**, and the second device could be **Device B** or any name you prefer. The device name should be unique within the **Devices** space. 145 145 146 146 147 - Click on the**Add**button.173 +In the left navigation, click Entities -> Devices. 148 148 175 +Click the **Add Device** button (the button with the **+** sign), and from the dropdown menu, click **Add new device**. 149 149 177 +In the **Add new device** dialog box, enter the device name in the **Name** text box. For example, we will use **Device A**. 150 150 151 - [[image:add-uplink-data-converter.png||height="529" width="500"]]179 +Click the **Add** button. 152 152 181 +Skip the **connectivity testing** by clicking the **Close** button. 153 153 154 - Youshould see that thenewlyadded**MQTT Uplinkconverter**NB/CBislistedonthe **DataConverters** page.183 +The device is created and listed on the **Devices** page. Note that its initial state is **Inactive** because it has not received any data yet. 155 155 156 -[[image:data-converter-list-showing-uplink-dc.png]] 157 157 186 += 4. Data Converters = 158 158 159 159 160 - ==3.2Downlink==189 +In **ThingsBoard**, **Data Converters** are components used to transform incoming or outgoing data between different formats, typically to convert raw telemetry data from devices into a structured format that ThingsBoard can understand, or vice versa. 161 161 162 162 192 +== 4.1 Uplink == 193 + 194 + 195 +In the left navigation, click **Integrations center**, and then click **Data converters**. 196 + 197 + 198 +[[image:data-converters-list-empty.png]] 199 + 200 + 163 163 On the **Data converters** page, click on the ‘**+**’ button, and then click on the **Create new converter** from the dropdown menu. 164 164 165 165 166 -[[image:create-new-converter-menu.png||width="500"]] 167 167 205 +[[image:create-new-converter-menu.png||height="259" width="500"]] 168 168 169 169 170 -The **Add data converter** Downlink Converter NB/CB**’ and select the Type as **Downlink**.208 +The **Add data converter** window will appear. Name it ‘**MQTT Uplink Converter NB/CB**’ and select the Type as **Uplink**. 171 171 172 -Click on the **TBEL** button if not selecteditby default. Now copy and pastethe following encoder functionwrittenin **TBEL (ThingsBoard Expression Language)** into the**codeeditor**.This encoderfunction is compatible for both NB and CB series devices.210 +Click on the **TBEL** button if it has not been selected by default. 173 173 212 +Modify the default TBEL function to match with your device as described below: 174 174 175 -{{code language="JavaScript"}} 176 -// Encode downlink data from incoming Rule Engine message 177 177 178 -// msg - JSON message payload downlink message json 179 -// msgType - type of message, for ex. 'ATTRIBUTES_UPDATED', 'POST_TELEMETRY_REQUEST', etc. 180 -// metadata - list of key-value pairs with additional data about the message 181 -// integrationMetadata - list of key-value pairs with additional data defined in Integration executing this converter 215 +* Uncomment** line 11**: 182 182 183 -/ **Encoder **/217 +//var data = decodeToJson(payload)// 184 184 185 -var data = {}; 186 186 187 -// Process data from incoming message and metadata 220 +* **Line 13**: Assign your device name to the **deviceName** field. - We used **Device A** as it is to match with our device, **Device A **in the Devices section. 221 +* From **line 38**: Modify the telemetry section to allow parsed data to be assigned to the fields. 188 188 189 -data.tempFreq = msg.temperatureUploadFrequency; 190 -data.humFreq = msg.humidityUploadFrequency; 223 +//telemetry: { 224 + temperature: data.temperature, 225 + humidity: data.humidity, 226 + rawData: payloadStr 227 + }// 191 191 192 -data.devSerialNumber = metadata['ss_serialNumber']; 193 193 194 -// Result object with encoded downlink payload 195 -var result = { 230 +The modified uplink decoder function to match with **Device A** is shown below. 196 196 197 - // downlink data content type: JSON, TEXT or BINARY (base64 format) 198 - contentType: "JSON", 232 +{{code language="JavaScript"}} 233 +// Decode an uplink message from a buffer 234 +// payload - array of bytes 235 +// metadata - key/value object 199 199 200 - // downlink data 201 - data: JSON.stringify(data), 237 +/** Decoder **/ 202 202 203 - // Optional metadata object presented in key/value format 204 - metadata: { 205 - topic: metadata['deviceType']+'/'+metadata['deviceName']+'/upload' 206 - } 239 +// decode payload to string 240 +var payloadStr = decodeToString(payload); 207 207 242 +// decode payload to JSON 243 +var data = decodeToJson(payload); 244 + 245 +var deviceName = 'Device A'; 246 +var deviceType = 'thermostat'; 247 +var customerName = 'Customer C'; 248 +var groupName = 'thermostat devices'; 249 +var manufacturer = 'Example corporation'; 250 +// use assetName and assetType instead of deviceName and deviceType 251 +// to automatically create assets instead of devices. 252 +// var assetName = 'Asset A'; 253 +// var assetType = 'building'; 254 + 255 +// Result object with device/asset attributes/telemetry data 256 +var result = { 257 +// Use deviceName and deviceType or assetName and assetType, but not both. 258 + deviceName: deviceName, 259 + deviceType: deviceType, 260 +// assetName: assetName, 261 +// assetType: assetType, 262 +// customerName: customerName, 263 + groupName: groupName, 264 + attributes: { 265 + model: 'Model A', 266 + serialNumber: 'SN111', 267 + integrationName: metadata['integrationName'], 268 + manufacturer: manufacturer 269 + }, 270 + telemetry: { 271 + temperature: data.temperature, 272 + humidity: data.humidity, 273 + rawData: payloadStr 274 + } 208 208 }; 209 209 277 +/** Helper functions 'decodeToString' and 'decodeToJson' are already built-in **/ 278 + 210 210 return result; 211 211 {{/code}} 212 212 213 213 214 - Click on the **Add** button.283 +Once you modify the decoder function, click on the **Add** button. 215 215 216 216 286 +[[image:mqtt-uplink.png||width="500"]] 217 217 218 -[[image:add-downlink-data-converter.png||height="529" width="500"]] 219 219 220 220 221 -You should see that the newly added **MQTT Downlink**Converter NB/CB is listed on the **Data Converters** page.290 +You should see that the newly added **MQTT Uplink converter **NB/CB is listed on the **Data Converters** page. 222 222 223 223 224 -[[image:data-converter s-list.png]]293 +[[image:data-converter-list-showing-uplink-dc.png]] 225 225 226 226 296 += 5. Add Integration = 227 227 228 -= 3. Add Integration = 229 229 230 - 231 231 In the left navigation, click **Integrations center**, and then click **Integrations**. 232 232 233 233 ... ... @@ -252,7 +252,6 @@ 252 252 Click **Next** button. 253 253 254 254 255 - 256 256 [[image:add-integration-basic-settings.png||height="511" width="500"]] 257 257 258 258 ... ... @@ -264,31 +264,31 @@ 264 264 Click **Next** button. 265 265 266 266 267 - 268 268 [[image:add-integration-uplink-data-converter.png||height="511" width="500"]] 269 269 270 270 271 271 **Downlink data converter:** 272 272 273 -* Click on the **Select existing** button. 274 -* **Downlink data converter**: Select **MQTT Downlink Converter NB/CB **from the dropdown list. 339 +Dragino NB/CB devices don't require a downlink data converter to decode their payloads, so you can skip this step. 275 275 276 -Click **Next** button.341 +* Click on the **Skip **button in the Downlink data converter section. 277 277 343 +Click **Skip** button. 278 278 279 279 280 -[[image: add-integration-downlink-data-converter.png||height="511" width="500"]]346 +[[image:integration-dl-skip.png||height="511" width="500"]] 281 281 282 282 349 + 283 283 **Connection:** 284 284 285 -* **Host**: ClusterURL (Eg. 011731f7928541588a6cdfbbedfc63f4.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud)352 +* **Host**: Host URL (Eg. **//011731f7xxxxxxxxxxxfbbedfc63f4.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud//**) 286 286 * **Port**: 8883 287 -* **Credentials**: Basic 288 -* **Enable SSL**: YES 354 +* **Credentials type**: Basic 289 289 * **Username**: Username (from your HiveMQ Cloud Cluster with your credentials) 290 290 * **Password:** Password (from your HiveMQ Cloud Cluster with your credentials) 291 -* **Topic:** tb/mqtt-integration-tutorial/sensors/+/telemetry (the + replaces any 'device name' and creates devices in the Entities -> Devices) 357 +* **Enable SSL**: YES 358 +* **Topic: device/a** (The topic can be anything; you can even use just the device name.) 292 292 * **QoS:** 0-At most once 293 293 294 294 [[image:add-integration-connection.png||height="511" width="500"]] ... ... @@ -296,8 +296,8 @@ 296 296 297 297 Click on the **Advanced settings** button. 298 298 299 -* **Clean session:** NO300 -* **Retained**: NO366 +* **Clean session:** YES 367 +* **Retained**: YES 301 301 302 302 [[image:add-integration-connection-advanced-settings.png||height="510" width="500"]] 303 303 ... ... @@ -321,17 +321,201 @@ 321 321 Since we haven't received data from a device yet, the integration **Status** is shown as **Pending.** 322 322 323 323 324 - 325 325 [[image:new-integration-pending.png]] 326 326 327 327 328 -= 5. Verifying the receipt of data from thedevice =394 += 6. Verifying the receipt of data from virtual devices = 329 329 330 330 331 - Ontheterminal, issue the followingMQTT commandwhich simulates thedeviceS31B-NB.397 +== 6.1 How does it work? == 332 332 399 + 400 +We use the Mosquitto MQTT client to simulate MQTT messages, acting as a virtual device. First, install the Mosquitto client on your computer from [[this link>>url:https://mosquitto.org/download/]]. The Mosquitto client publishes messages to the MQTT broker (HiveMQ) on a specified MQTT topic. ThingsBoard subscribes to these messages using the same topic. 401 + 402 +The Mosquitto client publishes messages (payloads) on the topic **/device/a**. Of course, you can use any topic for testing. 403 + 404 +(% id="cke_bm_37386S" style="display:none" %) (%%)The MQTT payload format is as follows: 405 + 333 333 {{code language="none"}} 334 - mosquitto_pub-d -q 1 -h mqtt.eu.thingsboard.cloud -p 1883-t v1/devices/S31B-NB/telemetry -u "24vk3w9h7sqdld1me5eh"-m"{temperature:20}"407 +{"IMEI": "350693903995577", "temperature":25, "humidity":80, "pressure":1005} 335 335 {{/code}} 336 336 337 -If the integration was performed without errors, after the transmission of the first telemetry, a new device with the name “S31B-NB” will appear in the Devices → All. Also, you can verify the input and output data, respectively, before and after conversion in Data converters → UDP Uplink Converter NB/CB → Events. 410 +Once ThingsBoard receives this message, it forwards this payload to the matching device through the integration. 411 + 412 + 413 +== 5.2 Sending messages == 414 + 415 + 416 +On the terminal, issue the following MQTT command which simulates the device S31B-NB. The message payload contains the fields temperature and humidity, which hold the values S31B-NB and 27, respectively. This payload is also (technically) known as telemetry. 417 + 418 +{{code language="none"}} 419 +mosquitto_pub -d -q 1 -h 011731f7928xxxxx.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud -p 8883 -u "xxxxx" -P "xxxxx" -t "device/a" -m '{"IMEI":"350693903995577", "temperature":30, "humidity":80, "pressure":1005}' 420 +{{/code}} 421 + 422 +If the integration was performed without errors, the status of the integration changes to 'Active' after the first telemetry transmission. 423 + 424 + 425 +[[image:integration-active.png]] 426 + 427 + 428 + 429 + 430 +== 6.3 Viewing messages == 431 + 432 + 433 +Go back to the **Integrations** page. 434 + 435 +Click on the **MQTT integration NB/CB** in the **Integrations** page to see its details. 436 + 437 +Click on the **Edit** button (//**pen icon**//). 438 + 439 +Click on the **Disabled** button in the upper-right corner. 440 + 441 +Turn on the **All messages (15 min)** option. This will enable displaying all messages in the **Events** tab. This setting will expire in 15 minutes, and you will need to repeat the same steps if you want to view the messages in the Events tab later. 442 + 443 +Click on the **Apply** button. 444 + 445 +Then click on the **Apply changes** (//**tick icon**//) button. 446 + 447 + 448 +[[image:Screenshot 2025-03-18 at 09.23.10.png]] 449 + 450 + 451 +Now go to the **Events** tab. 452 + 453 +Select the Event type as **Debug** from the dropdown list. 454 + 455 +Now you can see all the Uplink messages you are simulating through the MQTT broker. The status should be **OK **if there is no errors in your integration. 456 + 457 + 458 +[[image:Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 19.49.31.png]] 459 + 460 + 461 + 462 + 463 +Then click on the **three dots (...)** in the **Message** column. You can see the uplink message's **payload** in the **Message** window. 464 + 465 + 466 +[[image:Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 19.47.52.png]] 467 + 468 + 469 + 470 + 471 +Now, you have successfully tested your integration with a simulated uplink payload and verified that it is received by ThingsBoard, and the device is provisioned. 472 + 473 + 474 += 7. Creating a Dashboard = 475 + 476 +ThingsBoard **Dashboards** provide a powerful way to visualize and monitor real-time and historical data from connected devices. They allow users to create interactive, customizable panels displaying telemetry data, device status, and other key metrics. With a variety of widgets, including charts, maps, and tables, dashboards help users gain insights, track trends, and manage IoT deployments efficiently. 477 + 478 + 479 +This section guides you on how to create a dashboard to display temperature and humidity data from the device on a time-series chart. You may also use other widgets in ThingsBoard to display data according to your requirements. 480 + 481 + 482 +First simulate a few messages using MQTT. This time, we have added the 'humidity' field to the payload. Eg: 483 + 484 +{{code language="none"}}mosquitto_pub -d -q 1 -h 011731f7928xxxxx.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud -p 8883 -t "v1/devices/me/telemetry" -u "xxxxx" -P "xxxxx" -m '{"IMEI": "S31B-NB", "temperature": 22, "humidity":80}'{{/code}} 485 + 486 + 487 +In **ThingsBoard**, from the left navigation menu, click **Dashboards**. Then, click the **+** button and select **Create new dashboard** from the dropdown menu. 488 + 489 + 490 +[[image:dashboard-1.png]] 491 + 492 + 493 +In the **Title** text box, enter **NB/CB Test Dashboard** as the title of the dashboard. 494 + 495 +Click on the **Add** button. 496 + 497 + 498 +[[image:dashboard-2.png||height="526" width="500"]] 499 + 500 + 501 +Click on the **Add widget / Add new widget** button. 502 + 503 + 504 +[[image:dashboard-3.png]] 505 + 506 + 507 +In the **Select widgets bundle** window, click **Charts**. 508 + 509 + 510 +[[image:dashboard-4.png||height="537" width="700"]] 511 + 512 + 513 + 514 +In the **Charts: select widget** window, click **Time series chart**. 515 + 516 + 517 +[[image:dashboard-5.png||height="525" width="700"]] 518 + 519 + 520 +Configure the **Time series chart** widget as follows: 521 + 522 +* **Datasource** - select S31B-NB device you provisioned. 523 +* **Series**: 524 +** **temperature** - you can see this key by default. 525 +** **humidity** - Click **Add series** button. Then add the **humidity** for the key and then type **%** as its unit. 526 +* Click on the **Add** button. 527 + 528 +[[image:timeseries-1.png||height="491" width="700"]] 529 + 530 + 531 +The time-series chart will appear in edit mode. Resize it by clicking and dragging the lower-right corner. 532 + 533 +Click the **Save** button to add the widget to the dashboard. 534 + 535 + 536 +[[image:timeseries-3.png||height="347" width="700"]] 537 + 538 + 539 +Now send the following MQTT messages from the terminal to simulate the data. 540 + 541 + 542 +{{code language="none"}} 543 +mosquitto_pub -d -q 1 -h 011731f7928xxxxx.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud -p 8883 -t "v1/devices/me/telemetry" -u "xxxxx" -P "xxxxx" -m '{"IMEI": "S31B-NB", "temperature": 22, "humidity":70}' 544 + 545 +mosquitto_pub -d -q 1 -h 011731f7928xxxxx.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud -p 8883 -t "v1/devices/me/telemetry" -u "xxxxx" -P "xxxxx" -m '{"IMEI": "S31B-NB", "temperature": 27, "humidity":72}' 546 + 547 +mosquitto_pub -d -q 1 -h 011731f7928xxxxx.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud -p 8883 -t "v1/devices/me/telemetry" -u "xxxxx" -P "xxxxx" -m '{"IMEI": "S31B-NB", "temperature": 19, "humidity":80}' 548 + 549 +{{/code}} 550 + 551 +The chart will update with the values in realtime, as shown in the below image. 552 + 553 + 554 +[[image:timeseries-4.png||height="316" width="700"]] 555 + 556 + 557 += 8. Configure NB-IoT Sensor = 558 + 559 + 560 +Now, let's experiment with sending data to ThingsBoard using a real NB-IoT device. For example, we will use the **TS01-NB**. 561 + 562 +First, configure the NB-IoT device with the necessary MQTT settings using AT commands. Below is a list of AT commands you can use. 563 + 564 + 565 +**AT Commands** 566 + 567 +* **AT+PRO=3,3 **~/~/ Use MQTT to connect to ThingsBoard. Payload Type set to 3. 568 +* **AT+SUBTOPIC=<MQTT subscribe topic> Eg: TS01-NB** 569 +* **AT+PUBTOPIC=<MQTT publish topic> Eg: TS01-NB** 570 +* **AT+CLIENT=null** 571 +* **AT+UNAME=<MQTT Username>** 572 +* **AT+PWD=<MQTT Password>** 573 +* **AT+SERVADDR=<Broker address, Port>** 574 + 575 +Test your uplink by pressing the ACT button for 1 second. 576 + 577 + 578 + 579 +The following image shows the uplink payload of a real Dragino device. The publish topic is **TS01-NB**, and the device name is **861275077962896**, which is represented by the **IMEI**. 580 + 581 +{{info}} 582 +The ThingsBoard uses the device's IMEI number included in the payload to create a device in the Devices section. 583 +{{/info}} 584 + 585 +[[image:image-4.png]] 586 + 587 + 588 +
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