Changes for page ThingsBoard

Last modified by Dilisi S on 2025/04/23 19:23

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edited by Dilisi S
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17 17  The **NB series** devices end with the suffix **-NB**, and the **CB series** devices end with the suffix **-CB**. For example, **S31B-NB** is an **NB device**, and **S31-CB** is a **CB device**.
18 18  
19 19  
20 += 2. Prerequisites =
20 20  
22 +To complete this tutorial, you need to have the following:
21 21  
24 +* ThingsBoard cloud account
25 +* MQTT Broker (public or private) such as,
26 +** **[[HiveMQ Cloud>>https://www.hivemq.com]] - You can create a free account to try it or subscribe for a paid account. - We use HiveMQ Cloud as the MQTT broker to build example in this tutorial.**
27 +** [[emqx>>https://www.emqx.com/zh/mqtt/public-mqtt5-broker]] - The public MQTT server is only used for MOTT learning and testing, and should not be used in the production environment.
28 +** [[lns1.thingseye.io>>http://lns1.thingseye.io/]] - This is Dragino's MQTT broker, which requires a CA certificate to use.
22 22  
23 -= 2. Data Converters =
30 +== 2.1 ThingsBoard Cloud ==
24 24  
25 25  
33 +Go to [[https:~~/~~/thingsboard.io/>>https://thingsboard.io/]]
34 +
35 +Click on the **Try it now**.
36 +
37 +
38 +[[image:thingsboard-1.png]]
39 +
40 +
41 +Select either the **North America** or **Europe** region. Here, we use the Europe region.
42 +
43 +[[image:thingsboard-2.png]]
44 +
45 +
46 +You can sign up with your **Google**, **GitHub**, **Facebook**, or **Apple** account. If not you can create an account with providing your **name**, **email address** and a **password**.
47 +
48 +Click on the **Sign up** button.
49 +
50 +[[image:thingsboard-3.png||height="651" width="500"]]
51 +
52 +
53 +You will be navigated to the following page.
54 +
55 +[[image:thingsboard-5.png||height="109" width="500"]]
56 +
57 +
58 +simultaneously, you will receive an email to confirm your email address. Click on the **Activate Your Account** button.
59 +
60 +
61 +[[image:thingsboard-4.png||height="249" width="500"]]
62 +
63 +
64 +Now losing to the account using your credentials:
65 +
66 +
67 +[[image:thingsboard-6.png||height="244" width="500"]]
68 +
69 +
70 +== 2.2 HiveMQ Cloud ==
71 +
72 +=== 2.2.1 HiveMQ Cloud ===
73 +
74 +
75 +Go to [[https:~~/~~/www.hivemq.com>>https://www.hivemq.com]]
76 +
77 +Click on the **Start Free** button.
78 +
79 +[[image:hivwmq-1.png]]
80 +
81 +
82 +Click on the **Sign Up FREE Now** button in the **HIVEMQ CLOUD** section.
83 +
84 +[[image:hivemq-2.png]]
85 +
86 +
87 +Click on the **Sign Up** button.
88 +
89 +You can sign up with HiveMQ using your **GitHub**, **Google**, or **LinkedIn** account.
90 +
91 +If not, provide your **email address** and a **password** to create an account by clicking on the **Sign Up** button.
92 +
93 +
94 +[[image:hivemq-3.png]]
95 +
96 +
97 +You will receive an email to verify your email address. Click on the **Confirm my account** button.
98 +
99 +
100 +[[image:hivemq-4.jpg||height="889" width="400"]]
101 +
102 +
103 +You will be redirected to a page asking you to complete your profile. Once done, click the **Continue** button.
104 +
105 +
106 +[[image:hivemq-5.png||height="655" width="700"]]
107 +
108 +
109 +Select the CloudMQ Cloud plan you need. For testing purposes, select the **Serverless FREE** plan by clicking on the **Create Serverless Cluster** button.
110 +
111 +
112 +[[image:hivemq-6.png]]
113 +
114 +
115 +You will be navigated to the **Your Clusters** page. Click on the **Manage Cluster** button.
116 +
117 +[[image:hivemq-7.png]]
118 +
119 +
120 +In your cluster page, you can find some useful parameters you need to create a MQTT connection.
121 +
122 +**URL**: This is the host name. Click on the copy button to copy it.
123 +
124 +**Port**: 8883
125 +
126 +
127 +Click on the **Getting Started** tab to setup the username and the password as the connection credentials.
128 +
129 +
130 +[[image:hivemq-8.png]]
131 +
132 +
133 +In the '**Create Connection Credentials**' section, provide a **username** and **password**, then click the **Add** button.
134 +
135 +
136 +[[image:hivemq-9.png]]
137 +
138 +
139 +
140 +If everything is successful, you will see the following message.
141 +
142 +
143 +[[image:hivemq-10.png||height="206" width="500"]]
144 +
145 +
146 +You will need these MQTT connection parameters when configuring the MQTT integration in the '**Add Integration**' section.
147 +
148 +
149 +=== 2.2.2 emqx ===
150 +
151 +
152 +The [[emqx>>https://www.emqx.com/zh/mqtt/public-mqtt5-broker]] public MQTT server is only used for MOTT learning and testing, and should not be used in the production environment.
153 +
154 +
155 +[[image:emqx.png||height="420" width="500"]]
156 +
157 +
158 +=== 2.2.3 Ins1.thingseye.io ===
159 +
160 +[[lns1.thingseye.io>>http://lns1.thingseye.io/]] is the Dragino's MQTT broker, which requires a CA certificate file, Certificate file, and the Private key file to use.
161 +
162 +If customers need to use this MQTT connection with ThingsBoard, they need to contact the TE team to obtain three license files.
163 +
164 +[[image:ins1.png||height="310" width="500"]]
165 +
166 +
167 += 3. Data Converters =
168 +
169 +
26 26  In **ThingsBoard**, **Data Converters** are components used to transform incoming or outgoing data between different formats, typically to convert raw telemetry data from devices into a structured format that ThingsBoard can understand, or vice versa.
27 27  
28 28  
29 -== 2.1 Uplink ==
173 +== 3.1 Uplink ==
30 30  
31 31  
32 32  In the left navigation, click **Integrations center**, and then click **Data converters**.
33 33  
34 34  
35 -
36 36  [[image:data-converters-list-empty.png]]
37 37  
38 38  
... ... @@ -45,34 +45,130 @@
45 45  
46 46  The **Add data converter** window will appear. Name it ‘**MQTT Uplink Converter NB/CB**’ and select the Type as **Uplink**.
47 47  
48 -Click on the **TBEL** button if not selected it by default. Delete the existing decoder function in the code editor. Now copy and paste the following decoder function written in **TBEL (ThingsBoard Expression Language)** in to the **code editor**. This decoder function is compatible for both NB and CB series devices.
191 +Click on the **JavaScript** button.
49 49  
50 -{{code language="JavaScript"}}
51 -/** Decoder **/
193 +Delete the default decoder function in the code editor. Now copy and paste the following decoder function written in **JavaScript** in to the **code editor**. This decoder function is compatible for both NB and CB series devices.
52 52  
195 +
196 +{{code language="JavaScript"}}
197 +//Version: 0.1
53 53  // decode payload to string
54 54  var payloadStr = decodeToString(payload);
55 -var data = JSON.parse(payloadStr);
56 56  
57 -var deviceName = metadata.topic.split("/")[3];
58 58  // decode payload to JSON
59 -var deviceType = 'sensor';
202 +var objdata = {};
203 +var obj1 = {};
204 +var data = decodeToJson(payload);
205 +var deviceName = data.IMEI;
206 +delete data.IMEI;
207 +var modelname = "Dragino " + data.Model;
208 +//var mod = data.mod
209 +delete data.Model;
210 +//delete data.mod
211 +var timestamp = new Date().getTime();
60 60  
61 -// Result object with device attributes/telemetry data
213 +for (var key in data) {
214 +
215 + if (Number(key)) {
216 + obj1[key] = data[key];
217 + obj1[key][obj1[key].length - 1] = Number(new Date(
218 + obj1[key][obj1[key].length - 1]));
219 +
220 + }
221 +//Alec submitted25/02/25
222 +//turn old key into new
223 + else if (key === "Reading") {
224 + objdata["reading"] = data[key];
225 + } else if (key === "work mode") {
226 + objdata["work_mode"] = data[key];
227 + } else if (key === "hum") {
228 + objdata["humidity"] = data[key];
229 + }else if (key === "hum2") {
230 + objdata["humidity2"] = data[key];
231 + } else if (key === "hum3") {
232 + objdata["humidity3"] = data[key];
233 + } else if (key === "tem") {
234 + objdata["temperature"] = data[key];
235 + } else if (key === "tem2") {
236 + objdata["temperature2"] = data[key];
237 + } else if (key === "tem3") {
238 + objdata["temperature3"] = data[key];
239 + } else if (key === "DS18B20_Temp") {
240 + objdata["temperature_pro"] = data[key];
241 + } else if (key === "ds18b20_temperature") {
242 + objdata["temperature_pro"] = data[key];
243 + } else if (key === "DS18B20_temperature_pro") {
244 + objdata["temperature_pro"] = data[key];
245 + } else if (key === "tdc send flag") {
246 + objdata["tdc_send_flag"] = data[key];
247 + } else if (key === "trigger mode") {
248 + objdata["trigger_mode"] = data[key];
249 + } else if (key === "soil dielectric constant") {
250 + objdata["soil_dielectric_constant"] = data[key];
251 + } else if (key === "door open num") {
252 + objdata["door_open_num"] = data[key];
253 + } else if (key === "door duration") {
254 + objdata["door_duration"] = data[key];
255 + } else if (key === "count time") {
256 + objdata["count_time"] = data[key];
257 + } else if (key === "last open time2") {
258 + objdata["last_open_time2"] = data[key];
259 + } else if (key === "last open time3") {
260 + objdata["last_open_time3"] = data[key];
261 + }
262 +//Alec submitted25/02/25
263 + else {
264 + objdata[key] = data[key]
265 + }
266 +}
267 +var listdata = [{
268 + "ts": timestamp,
269 + "values": objdata
270 +}]
271 +for (var key1 in obj1) {
272 + if (modelname == "Dragino RS485-NB") {
273 + listdata.push({
274 + "ts": obj1[key1][obj1[key1].length - 1],
275 + "values": {
276 + "Payload": obj1[key1][0],
277 + }
278 + })
279 + } else {
280 + listdata.push({
281 + "ts": obj1[key1][obj1[key1].length - 1],
282 + "values": {
283 + "values": obj1[key1]
284 + },
285 + })
286 + }
287 +}
62 62  var result = {
289 +
63 63   deviceName: deviceName,
64 - deviceType: deviceType,
291 + deviceType: modelname,
65 65   attributes: {
66 - integrationName: metadata['integrationName'],
293 + model: modelname,
294 + //customerName: "NB-CB",
295 + //groupName: "NB-CB",
296 + //integrationName: metadata['integrationName']
297 +
67 67   },
68 - telemetry: {
69 - temperature: data.temperature,
70 - humidity: data.humidity,
71 - }
72 -};
299 + telemetry: listdata
300 +}
73 73  
74 -/** Helper functions 'decodeToString' and 'decodeToJson' are already built-in **/
302 +function decodeToString(payload) {
303 + return String.fromCharCode.apply(String, payload);
304 +}
75 75  
306 +function decodeToJson(payload) {
307 + // covert payload to string.
308 + var str = decodeToString(payload);
309 +
310 + // parse string to JSON
311 + var data = JSON.parse(str);
312 + return data;
313 +}
314 +
76 76  return result;
77 77  {{/code}}
78 78  
... ... @@ -80,16 +80,16 @@
80 80  Click on the **Add** button.
81 81  
82 82  
322 +[[image:mqtt-uplink.png||width="500"]]
83 83  
84 -[[image:add-uplink-data-converter.png||height="529" width="500"]]
85 85  
86 86  
87 87  You should see that the newly added **MQTT Uplink converter **NB/CB is listed on the **Data Converters** page.
88 88  
328 +
89 89  [[image:data-converter-list-showing-uplink-dc.png]]
90 90  
91 91  
92 -
93 93  == 3.2 Downlink ==
94 94  
95 95  
... ... @@ -147,7 +147,6 @@
147 147  Click on the **Add** button.
148 148  
149 149  
150 -
151 151  [[image:add-downlink-data-converter.png||height="529" width="500"]]
152 152  
153 153  
... ... @@ -156,12 +156,10 @@
156 156  
157 157  [[image:data-converters-list.png]]
158 158  
159 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
160 160  
398 += 4. Add Integration =
161 161  
162 -= 3. Add Integration =
163 163  
164 -
165 165  In the left navigation, click **Integrations center**, and then click **Integrations**.
166 166  
167 167  
... ... @@ -186,7 +186,6 @@
186 186  Click **Next** button.
187 187  
188 188  
189 -
190 190  [[image:add-integration-basic-settings.png||height="511" width="500"]]
191 191  
192 192  
... ... @@ -198,7 +198,6 @@
198 198  Click **Next** button.
199 199  
200 200  
201 -
202 202  [[image:add-integration-uplink-data-converter.png||height="511" width="500"]]
203 203  
204 204  
... ... @@ -210,29 +210,27 @@
210 210  Click **Next** button.
211 211  
212 212  
213 -
214 214  [[image:add-integration-downlink-data-converter.png||height="511" width="500"]]
215 215  
216 216  
217 217  **Connection:**
218 218  
219 -* **Host**: Cluster URL (Eg. 011731f7928541588a6cdfbbedfc63f4.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud)
452 +* **Host**: Cluster URL (Eg. 011731f7xxxxxxxxxxxfbbedfc63f4.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud)
220 220  * **Port**: 8883
221 221  * **Credentials**: Basic
222 222  * **Enable SSL**: YES
223 223  * **Username**: Username (from your HiveMQ Cloud Cluster with your credentials)
224 224  * **Password:** Password (from your HiveMQ Cloud Cluster with your credentials)
225 -* **Topic:** tb/mqtt-integration-tutorial/sensors/+/telemetry (the + replaces any 'device name' and creates devices in the Entities -> Devices)
458 +* **Topic: v1/devices/+/telemetry** (the + replaces any 'device name' will create a device in the Entities -> Devices)
226 226  * **QoS:** 0-At most once
227 227  
228 -
229 229  [[image:add-integration-connection.png||height="511" width="500"]]
230 230  
231 231  
232 232  Click on the **Advanced settings** button.
233 233  
234 -* **Clean session:** NO
235 -* **Retained**: NO
466 +* **Clean session:** YES
467 +* **Retained**: YES
236 236  
237 237  [[image:add-integration-connection-advanced-settings.png||height="510" width="500"]]
238 238  
... ... @@ -240,11 +240,10 @@
240 240  Click on the **Check connection** button to verify the MQTT connection using the provided parameters.
241 241  
242 242  
243 -
244 244  [[image:check-connection.png||height="83" width="300"]]
245 245  
246 246  
247 -If the connection is successful, you will see the **Connected** message.
478 +If the connection is successful, you will see the **Connected** message. If not, check your connection parameters again.
248 248  
249 249  
250 250  [[image:connection-success.png||height="511" width="500"]]
... ... @@ -252,22 +252,190 @@
252 252  
253 253  Click on the **Add** button.
254 254  
255 -
256 -
257 257  You should see that the newly added integration is listed on the **Integrations** page.
258 258  
259 259  Since we haven't received data from a device yet, the integration **Status** is shown as **Pending.**
260 260  
261 -[[image:integrations-list-added-pending.png]]
262 262  
263 263  
264 -= 5. Verifying the receipt of data from the device =
492 +[[image:new-integration-pending.png]]
265 265  
266 266  
267 -On the terminal, issue the following MQTT command which simulates the device S31B-NB.
495 += 5. Verifying the receipt of data from virtual devices =
268 268  
497 +
498 +== 5.1 How does it work? ==
499 +
500 +
501 +We use the Mosquitto MQTT client to simulate MQTT messages, acting as a virtual device. First, install the Mosquitto client on your computer from [[this link>>url:https://mosquitto.org/download/]]. The Mosquitto client publishes messages to the MQTT broker (HiveMQ) on a specified MQTT topic. ThingsBoard subscribes to these messages using the same topic.
502 +
503 +The Mosquitto client publishes messages on the topic v1/devices/[device_name]/telemetry. The [device_name]placeholder can be replaced with any device name, for example, 'S31B-NB'. Then, the MQTT topic would be v1/devices/S31B-NB/telemetry.
504 +
505 +On the ThingsBoard side, we configure the MQTT topic subscription as v1/devices/+/telemetry. The + wildcard represents any device name and allows ThingsBoard to automatically create (provision) a device with that name, such as S31B-NB, for example.
506 +
507 +
508 +**The new device is created the first time the MQTT topic is received. For subsequent MQTT topics with the same device name, no duplicate devices will be created.**
509 +
510 +
511 +For example, if you send two MQTT messages with different device names in the topic:
512 +
513 +1. v1/devices/**S31B-NB**/telemetry
514 +1. v1/devices/**LDS25-NB**/telemetry
515 +
516 +ThingsBoard will create two devices named **S31B-NB** and **LDS25-NB** in the **//Devices//** section.
517 +
518 +
519 +The MQTT payload format is as follows, which is common for all ~-~-NB and ~-~-CB series devices:
520 +
269 269  {{code language="none"}}
270 -mosquitto_pub -d -q 1 -h mqtt.eu.thingsboard.cloud -p 1883 -t v1/devices/S31B-NB/telemetry -u "24vk3w9h7sqdld1me5eh" -m "{temperature:20}"
522 +{"temperature":10.4, "humidity":85}
271 271  {{/code}}
272 272  
273 -If the integration was performed without errors, after the transmission of the first telemetry, a new device with the name “S31B-NB” will appear in the Devices → All. Also, you can verify the input and output data, respectively, before and after conversion in Data converters → UDP Uplink Converter NB/CB → Events.
525 +
526 +== 5.2 Sending messages ==
527 +
528 +
529 +On the terminal, issue the following MQTT command which simulates the device S31B-NB. The message payload contains the fields temperature and humidity, which hold the values 10.4 and 85, respectively. This payload is also (technically) known as telemetry.
530 +
531 +{{code language="none"}}
532 +mosquitto_pub -d -q 1 -h 011731f7928xxxxx.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud -p 8883 -t "tb/mqtt-integration-tutorial/sensors/S31B-NB/telemetry" -u "xxxxx" -P "xxxxx" -m '{"temperature":10.4, "humidity":85}'
533 +{{/code}}
534 +
535 +If the integration was performed without errors, the status of the integration changes to 'Active' after the first telemetry transmission.
536 +
537 +
538 +[[image:integration-active.png]]
539 +
540 +
541 +Also, a new device named **S31B-NB** will appear under **//Entities -> Devices -> All//**. This means the first MQTT message triggers ThingsBoard to provision a device named **S31B-NB**.
542 +
543 +
544 +[[image:device-provision-1.png]]
545 +
546 +
547 +Click on the device S31B-NB on the devices list to see its details.
548 +
549 +Then go to the **Latest telemetry** tab.
550 +
551 +You can see the fields temperature and humidity with the values you previously sent using the MQTT message.
552 +
553 +
554 +[[image:telemetry-1.png]]
555 +
556 +
557 +Now, change the values of the fields and send the MQTT message again. For example, set temperature to 20 and humidity to 70. Observe how the values update in //Latest Telemetry//.
558 +
559 +
560 +[[image:telemetry-2.png]]
561 +
562 +
563 +Let's provision the second device named **LDS25-NB **with initial telemetry. Use the following MQTT message.
564 +
565 +
566 +{{code language="none"}}
567 +mosquitto_pub -d -q 1 -h 011731f7928541588a6cdfbbedfc63f4.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud -p 8883 -t "tb/mqtt-integration-tutorial/sensors/LDS25-NB/telemetry" -u "pradeeka" -P "Kalpani123@" -m '{"temperature":11, "humidity":87}'
568 +{{/code}}
569 +
570 +Now, refresh the **Devices** page, and you will see the second device, **LDS25-NB**, which was recently provisioned.
571 +
572 +
573 +[[image:device-provision-2.png]]
574 +
575 +
576 += 6. Creating a Dashboard =
577 +
578 +ThingsBoard **Dashboards** provide a powerful way to visualize and monitor real-time and historical data from connected devices. They allow users to create interactive, customizable panels displaying telemetry data, device status, and other key metrics. With a variety of widgets, including charts, maps, and tables, dashboards help users gain insights, track trends, and manage IoT deployments efficiently.
579 +
580 +
581 +This section guides you on how to create a dashboard to display temperature and humidity data from the device on a time-series chart. You may also use other widgets in ThingsBoard to display data according to your requirements.
582 +
583 +
584 +In **ThingsBoard**, from the left navigation menu, click **Dashboards**. Then, click the **+** button and select **Create new dashboard** from the dropdown menu.
585 +
586 +
587 +[[image:dashboard-1.png]]
588 +
589 +
590 +In the **Title** text box, enter **NB/CB Test Dashboard** as the title of the dashboard.
591 +
592 +Click on the **Add** button.
593 +
594 +
595 +[[image:dashboard-2.png||height="526" width="500"]]
596 +
597 +
598 +Click on the **Add widget / Add new widget** button.
599 +
600 +
601 +[[image:dashboard-3.png]]
602 +
603 +
604 +In the **Select widgets bundle** window, click **Charts**.
605 +
606 +
607 +[[image:dashboard-4.png||height="537" width="700"]]
608 +
609 +
610 +
611 +In the **Charts: select widget** window, click **Time series chart**.
612 +
613 +
614 +[[image:dashboard-5.png||height="525" width="700"]]
615 +
616 +
617 +Configure the **Time series chart** widget as follows:
618 +
619 +* **Datasource** - select S31B-NB device you provisioned.
620 +* **Series**:
621 +** **temperature** - you can see this key by default.
622 +** **humidity** - Click **Add series** button. Then add the **humidity** for the key and then type **%** as its unit.
623 +* Click on the **Add** button.
624 +
625 +[[image:timeseries-1.png||height="491" width="700"]]
626 +
627 +
628 +The time-series chart will appear in edit mode. Resize it by clicking and dragging the lower-right corner.
629 +
630 +Click the **Save** button to add the widget to the dashboard.
631 +
632 +
633 +[[image:timeseries-3.png||height="347" width="700"]]
634 +
635 +
636 +Now send the following MQTT messages from the terminal to simulate the data.
637 +
638 +
639 +{{code language="none"}}
640 +mosquitto_pub -d -q 1 -h 011731f7928xxxxx.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud -p 8883 -t "tb/mqtt-integration-tutorial/sensors/S31B-NB/telemetry" -u "xxxxx" -P "xxxxx" -m '{"temperature":20, "humidity":70}'
641 +
642 +mosquitto_pub -d -q 1 -h 011731f7928xxxxx.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud -p 8883 -t "tb/mqtt-integration-tutorial/sensors/S31B-NB/telemetry" -u "xxxxx" -P "xxxxx" -m '{"temperature":22, "humidity":71}'
643 +
644 +mosquitto_pub -d -q 1 -h 011731f7928xxxxx.s1.eu.hivemq.cloud -p 8883 -t "tb/mqtt-integration-tutorial/sensors/S31B-NB/telemetry" -u "xxxxx" -P "xxxxx" -m '{"temperature":18, "humidity":79}'
645 +
646 +{{/code}}
647 +
648 +The chart will update with the values in realtime, as shown in the below image.
649 +
650 +
651 +[[image:timeseries-4.png||height="316" width="700"]]
652 +
653 +
654 += 7. Configure NB-IoT Sensor =
655 +
656 +
657 +Now, let's experiment with sending data to ThingsBoard using a real NB-IoT device. For example, we will use the **S31B-NB**.
658 +
659 +First, configure the NB-IoT device with the necessary MQTT settings using AT commands. Below is a list of AT commands you can use.
660 +
661 +
662 +**AT Commands**
663 +
664 +* **AT+PRO=3,3    **~/~/ Use MQTT to connect to ThingsBoard. Payload Type set to 3.
665 +* **AT+SUBTOPIC=<MQTT topic>**
666 +* **AT+PUBTOPIC=<MQTT topic>**
667 +* **AT+CLIENT=null**
668 +* **AT+UNAME=<MQTT Username>**
669 +* **AT+PWD=<MQTT Password>**
670 +* **AT+SERVADDR=<Broker address, Port>**
671 +
672 +Test your uplink by pressing the ACT button for 1 second.
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