Skip to Content

Changes for page Notes for TTN

Last modified by Mengting Qiu on 2024/08/20 17:29
From version 99.9
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/07/25 08:44
Change comment: There is no comment for this version
To version 241.1
edited by Mengting Qiu
on 2024/08/20 17:29
Change comment: Uploaded new attachment "image-20240820172909-4.png", version {1}

Summary

Details

Page properties
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
1 -XWiki.Xiaoling
1 +XWiki.ting
Content
... ... @@ -6,10 +6,8 @@
6 6  
7 7  = 1. The Things Network-V3 =
8 8  
9 -
10 10  == 1.1  Introduction ==
11 11  
12 -
13 13  === 1.1.1  What is The Things Network ===
14 14  
15 15  
... ... @@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
20 20  (((
21 21  The Things Network runs The Things Stack Community Edition, which is a crowdsourced, open and decentralized LoRaWAN network. This network is a great way to get started testing devices, applications, and integrations, and get familiar with LoRaWAN.
22 22  
23 -
24 24  
25 25  )))
26 26  
... ... @@ -34,7 +34,6 @@
34 34  (((
35 35  Once you have an account,get started by following steps for adding Gateway,Device and Intergrations.
36 36  
37 -
38 38  
39 39  )))
40 40  
... ... @@ -44,40 +44,60 @@
44 44  LoRaWAN Gateway model: Existing Gateway
45 45  
46 46  
47 -
48 48  = 2.  Gateway Registration for Semtech UDP =
49 49  
50 50  
46 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note: Steps 2 and 3 are different connection methods, the user only needs to choose one of them**
47 +
48 +
51 51  == 2.1  Primary LoRaWAN Server ==
52 52  
53 53  
54 -[[image:image-20220526134633-2.png||height="616" width="1323"]]
52 +[[image:image-20220526134633-2.png||_mstalt="430196" height="540" width="1160"]]
55 55  
56 56  Register Gateway
57 57  
58 58  
57 +[[image:image-20231121092510-1.png||height="617" width="1157"]]
59 59  
60 -[[image:image-20220526134826-4.png]]
61 61  
62 62  Put Gateway ID
63 63  
64 64  
63 +[[image:image-20231121092543-2.png||height="613" width="1159"]]
65 65  
66 -[[image:image-20220526134759-3.png]]
67 67  
68 68  Choose Frequency Band
69 69  
70 70  
71 71  
72 -[[image:image-20220526134919-5.png]]
70 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**
73 73  
74 -Show Status
72 +DRAGINO - Frequency Plan list  ~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~--  The Thing Network Frequency Plan List
75 75  
74 +AS923-1 (920-923)  (% style="display:none" %) (%%) ~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~--  Asia 920-923 Mhz
76 76  
76 +AS923-1 (923-925)  ~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~--  Asia 915-928 Mhz (AS923 Group 1)with only default channels
77 77  
78 -== 2.2  Secondary LoRaWAN Server ==
78 +AS923-2 (921.4-922.8)  ~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~--  Asia 920-923 Mhz (AS923 Group 2)with only default channels
79 79  
80 +AS923-3 (916.6-918.2)  ~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~--  Asia 915-921 Mhz (AS923 Group 3)with only default channels
80 80  
82 +AS923-4 (917.3-918.7)  ~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~--  Asia 917-920 Mhz (AS923 Group 4)with only default channels
83 +
84 +
85 +[[image:image-20220726134642-1.png||_mstalt="430287" height="344" width="660"]][[image:image-20220726135827-3.png||_mstalt="432978" height="214" width="394"]][[image:image-20220726135759-2.png||_mstalt="433953" height="218" width="554"]]
86 +
87 +[[image:image-20231121092627-3.png||height="617" width="1174"]]
88 +
89 +
90 +[[image:image-20220526134919-5.png||_mstalt="433602"]]
91 +
92 +Show Status
93 +
94 +
95 +== 2.2  Secondary LoRaWAN Server ==
96 +
81 81  === 2.2.1  Introduction ===
82 82  
83 83  
... ... @@ -88,15 +88,14 @@
88 88  
89 89  
90 90  (((
91 -~1. LoRaWAN Gateway model: [[LIG16>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/171-lig16.html]], [[LG308>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/140-lg308.html]], [[DLOS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/160-dlos8.html]] [[LPS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/148-lps8.html]]
107 +1.  LoRaWAN Gateway model:  [[LIG16>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/171-lig16.html]], [[LG308>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/140-lg308.html]], [[DLOS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/160-dlos8.html]] [[LPS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/148-lps8.html]]
92 92  )))
93 93  
94 94  (((
95 -2. Firmware version since :[[lgw~~-~~-build-v5.4.1644658774>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LIG16/Firmware/Release/]]
111 +2.  Firmware version since :  [[lgw~~-~~-build-v5.4.1644658774>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LIG16/Firmware/Release/]]
96 96  )))
97 97  
98 98  
99 -
100 100  === 2.2.3  Example ===
101 101  
102 102  
... ... @@ -103,52 +103,61 @@
103 103  The following takes Helium as a Secondary LoRaWAN server as an example
104 104  
105 105  
106 -
107 107  === 2.2.4  Step 1: Download and Install the helium gateway-rs ===
108 108  
109 109  
110 -The users is needing to download and install the helium gateway-rs then click the button of Save&Apply
124 +The users is needing to download and install the helium gateway-rs then click the button of (% style="color:blue" %)**Save&Apply.**
111 111  
112 -[[image:image-20220526135049-6.png]]
113 113  
127 +[[image:image-20220526135049-6.png||_mstalt="432432"]]
128 +
114 114  Download and Install gateway-rs
115 115  
116 116  
117 -=== 2.2.5 Step 2: Back to Semtech UDP page ===
132 +=== 2.2.5  Step 2: Back to Semtech UDP page ===
118 118  
119 -Back to the page of Semtech UDP check the secondary server settings and click the button of Save&Apply
120 120  
121 -​​​​[[image:image-20220526135125-7.png]]
135 +Back to the page of Semtech UDP check the secondary server settings and click the button of (% style="color:blue" %)**Save&Apply.**
122 122  
137 +
138 +​​​​[[image:image-20220526135125-7.png||_mstalt="431106"]]
139 +
123 123  Configuration of helium
124 124  
125 125  
126 -= 3. Gateway Registration for Basics Station =
143 += 3.  Gateway Registration for Basics Station =
127 127  
128 -== 3.1 Introduction ==
145 +== 3.1  Introduction ==
129 129  
147 +
130 130  (((
131 131  (((
132 -The LoRa Basics™ Station protocol simplifies management of large scale LoRaWAN networks. LoRa Basics™ Station is the preferred way of connecting Gateways to The Things Stack. [[The LoRa Basics Station doc>>url:https://www.thethingsindustries.com/docs/gateways/lora-basics-station/]]
150 +The LoRa Basics™ Station protocol simplifies the management of large-scale LoRaWAN networks. LoRa Basics™ Station is the preferred way of connecting Gateways to The Things Stack. [[The LoRa Basics Station doc>>url:https://www.thethingsindustries.com/docs/gateways/lora-basics-station/]]
151 +
152 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note: Steps 2 and 3 are different connection methods, the user only needs to choose one of them**
153 +
154 +
133 133  )))
134 134  )))
135 135  
136 136  (((
137 -**Below list the support products and Requirements:**
159 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Below list the support products and Requirements:**
138 138  )))
139 139  
140 140  (((
141 141  (((
142 - ~1. LoRaWAN Gateway model: [[LIG16>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/171-lig16.html]], [[LG308>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/140-lg308.html]], [[DLOS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/160-dlos8.html]] [[LPS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/148-lps8.html]]
164 +1. LoRaWAN Gateway model:  [[LIG16>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/171-lig16.html]], [[LG308>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/140-lg308.html]], [[DLOS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/160-dlos8.html]] [[LPS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/148-lps8.html]]
143 143  )))
144 144  
145 145  (((
146 - 2. Firmware version since :[[lgw~~-~~-build-v5.4.1640315898>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Release/]]
168 + 2.  Firmware version since :  [[lgw~~-~~-build-v5.4.1640315898>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Release/]]
169 +
170 +
147 147  )))
148 148  )))
149 149  
150 150  (((
151 -**What do you need to prepare**
175 +(% style="color:blue" %)**What do you need to prepare?**
152 152  )))
153 153  
154 154  (((
... ... @@ -159,86 +159,115 @@
159 159  )))
160 160  )))
161 161  
162 -== 3.2 Step 1. Add Gateway ==
186 +== 3.2  Step 1: Register Gateway ==
163 163  
164 -(((
165 -(((
166 -The example for **EU**
167 -)))
168 -)))
169 169  
170 170  (((
171 171  (((
172 -User can add your gateway into The Things Network V3 according to the previous step
191 +(% style="color:blue" %)**The example for**(%%)** the (% style="color:red" %)EU:(%%)**
173 173  )))
174 174  )))
175 175  
176 176  (((
177 177  (((
178 -Following picture is the successful added.
197 +Click the 'Register Gateway' button will get this page to register the gateway from The Thing Network Console gateway page.
198 +
199 +[[image:image-20230728144218-7.png||_mstalt="433290" height="128" width="836"]]
179 179  )))
180 180  )))
181 181  
182 -[[image:image-20220526135316-8.png]]
203 +[[image:image-20230728143449-2.png||_mstalt="433108"]]
183 183  
184 -Add Gateway
205 +Register Gateway
185 185  
186 186  
187 -== 3.3 Step 2. Create the API key ==
208 +== 3.3  Step 2: Create the API key ==
188 188  
189 -user need to create the CUPS API key and LNS API key.
190 190  
191 -[[image:image-20220526135349-9.png]]
211 +**API Key can be created manually**  ~-~-->  if users forgot to check the check box or switch to basic station mode from the Semtech UDP mode
192 192  
193 -Create CUPS API key
194 194  
195 195  
196 -[[image:image-20220526135428-10.png]]
197 197  
198 -Create LNS API key
216 +**or generate by TTN by checking the check box when registering the gateway** ~-~-->[[image:image-20230728143505-3.png||_mstalt="431132"]]
199 199  
200 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note : Please copy the API key.**
201 201  
219 +=== **1.) Generated by TTH** ===
202 202  
203 -== 3.4 Step 3. Update the gateway setting ==
204 204  
222 +Users need to download these two key files and fill them into the gateway's TTN Basics Station configuration,
223 +
224 +[[image:image-20230728150521-2.png||height="664" width="1019"]]
225 +
226 +
227 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**(%%) The "**Authorization: Bearer** " field should not be entered in the TTN Basics Station configuration of the gateway
228 +
229 +[[image:image-20230728151807-3.png||height="423" width="1024"]]
230 +
231 +
232 +=== **2.) Manually create API KEY: ** ===
233 +
234 +
235 +==== CUPS API KEY ====
236 +
237 +[[image:image-20220526135349-9.png||_mstalt="434460"]]
238 +
239 +
240 +
241 +==== LNS API KEY ====
242 +
243 +[[image:image-20220526135428-10.png||_mstalt="453791"]]
244 +
245 +
246 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note: If your API is generated by yourself you have to update the key to the gateway setting.**
247 +
248 +
249 +==== Update the gateway setting ====
250 +
251 +
205 205  In the LoRa Basics Station LNS Authentication Key field, paste the API key you generated in the previous step.
206 206  
207 -[[image:image-20220526135528-11.png]]
208 208  
255 +[[image:image-20220526135528-11.png||_mstalt="454480"]]
256 +
209 209  paste the API key
210 210  
211 211  
212 -== 3.5 Step 4. Access the gateway GUI ==
260 +== 3.5  Step 4: Access the gateway GUI ==
213 213  
262 +
214 214  User need to update the API key and install the Certificate
215 215  
216 -[[image:image-20220526135601-12.png]]
217 217  
266 +[[image:image-20220526135601-12.png||_mstalt="452153"]]
267 +
218 218  Access the gateway GUI
219 219  
220 220  
221 -== 3.6 Step 5. Configure Station ==
271 +== 3.6  Step 5: Configure Station ==
222 222  
273 +
223 223  User need to input Server URI, Server CUPS Key and LNS Key, as well as install CUPS certificate.
224 224  
225 -**just to clarify.**
226 226  
277 +(% style="color:blue" %)**just to clarify:**
278 +
227 227  (% class="box" %)
228 228  (((
229 - CUPS Server URI  ~-~-> Server Adress
230 - CUPS Authorization Key         ~-~-> Server CUPS API Key
231 - LNS Authorization Key  ~-~-> Server LNS API Key
232 - CUPS certificate  ~-~-> Server CA(user can use the button to install the certificate by default)
281 + CUPS Server URI  ~-~->  Server Address, Example: https:~/~/eu1.cloud.thethings.network:443
282 + CUPS Authorization Key         ~-~->  Server CUPS API Key
283 + LNS Authorization Key  ~-~->  Server LNS API Key
284 + CUPS certificate  ~-~->  Server CA(user can use the button to install the certificate by default)
233 233  )))
234 234  
235 -[[image:image-20220526135654-13.png]]
287 +[[image:image-20220526135654-13.png||_mstalt="455169"]]
236 236  
237 237  Congfigure Station
238 238  
239 239  
240 -== 3.7 Start Station ==
292 +== 3.7  Start Station ==
241 241  
294 +
242 242  (((
243 243  When the user has finished the configuration,Please click Sace&Apply to start station to connect The Things Network.
244 244  
... ... @@ -245,33 +245,39 @@
245 245  
246 246  )))
247 247  
248 -== 3.8 Siccessful Connection ==
301 +== 3.8  Successful Connection ==
249 249  
303 +
250 250  If user completes the above steps,which will see live date in the TTN.
251 251  
252 -[[image:image-20220526135734-14.png]]
253 253  
307 +[[image:image-20220526135734-14.png||_mstalt="455208"]]
308 +
254 254  Station live date
255 255  
256 256  
257 -== 3.9 Trouble Shooting ==
312 +== 3.9  Trouble Shooting ==
258 258  
259 -User can check the station log in the logread/system log page.
260 260  
261 -[[image:image-20220526135845-15.png]]
315 +User can check the station log in the** (% style="color:blue" %)LogRead ~-~-> System Log (%%)**page.
262 262  
317 +
318 +[[image:image-20220526135845-15.png||_mstalt="456560"]]
319 +
263 263  Station Log
264 264  
265 265  
266 -and recode the station log in the system/Recode log page.
267 267  
268 -[[image:image-20220526135940-16.png]]
324 +and recode the station log in the** (% style="color:blue" %)LogRead  ~-~->  Recode Log(%%)** page.
269 269  
326 +[[image:image-20220526135940-16.png||_mstalt="455559"]]
327 +
270 270  Recore Log
271 271  
272 272  
273 -= 4. Configure node connection to TTNv3 =
331 += 4.  Configure node connection to TTNv3 =
274 274  
333 +
275 275  (((
276 276  (((
277 277  Following is an example for how to join the TTN v3 LoRaWAN Network.
... ... @@ -286,14 +286,15 @@
286 286  
287 287  (((
288 288  (((
289 -We take LES01 as an example.
348 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**We take LES01 as an example.**
290 290  
291 291  
292 292  )))
293 293  )))
294 294  
295 -== 4.1 Step1 ==
354 +== 4.1  Step 1 ==
296 296  
356 +
297 297  (((
298 298  (((
299 299  Create a device in TTN with the OTAA keys from LSE01.
... ... @@ -312,40 +312,56 @@
312 312  )))
313 313  )))
314 314  
315 -[[image:image-20220526140015-17.png]]
375 +[[image:image-20230221135445-1.png||_mstalt="428714" height="356" width="777"]]
316 316  
317 -[[image:image-20220526140044-18.png]]
377 +First create an application and fill in the custom information in it
318 318  
379 +[[image:image-20230221135520-2.png||_mstalt="427050" height="52" width="974"]]
319 319  
320 -== 4.2 Step2 ==
381 +[[image:image-20230221135810-3.png||_mstalt="428025" height="400" width="638"]]
321 321  
383 +
384 +Add a node device to the application
385 +
386 +
387 +[[image:image-20220526140044-18.png||_mstalt="453648"]]
388 +
389 +
390 +== 4.2  Step 2 ==
391 +
392 +
322 322  (((
323 323  (((
324 324  There are all our nodes in the repository. Users can choose the corresponding brand, model, firmware version and frequency.The decoder and configuration information of the node are pre-configured.Users do not need to configure them.
396 +
397 +[[image:image-20230221164809-2.png||_mstalt="430937" height="525" width="617"]]
325 325  )))
326 326  )))
327 327  
328 -[[image:image-20220526140132-19.png]]
329 329  
402 +== 4.3  Step 3 ==
330 330  
331 -== 4.3 Step3 ==
332 332  
333 333  Add APP EUI in the application:
334 334  
335 -[[image:image-20220526140205-20.png]]
336 336  
408 +[[image:image-20230221140131-4.png||_mstalt="425984" height="569" width="674"]]
337 337  
338 -== 4.4 Step4 ==
339 339  
340 -Add APP KEY and DEV EUI:
411 +== 4.4  Step 4 ==
341 341  
342 -[[image:image-20220526140251-21.png]]
343 343  
414 +**Add APP KEY and DEV EUI:**
344 344  
345 -= 5. TTN V3 integrated into MQTT server =
346 346  
347 -== 5.1 Introduction ==
417 +[[image:image-20230221140448-6.png||_mstalt="430339" height="535" width="647"]]
348 348  
419 +
420 += 5.  TTN V3 integrated into MQTT server =
421 +
422 +== 5.1  Introduction ==
423 +
424 +
349 349  (((
350 350  (((
351 351  The Application Server exposes an MQTT server to work with streaming events. In order to use the MQTT server you need to create a new API key, which will function as connection password. You can also use an existing API key, as long as it has the necessary rights granted.
... ... @@ -354,8 +354,9 @@
354 354  )))
355 355  )))
356 356  
357 -== 5.2 Create device steps at MQTT ==
433 +== 5.2  Create device steps at MQTT ==
358 358  
435 +
359 359  (((
360 360  (((
361 361  The user creates a new API KEY after creating a device on TTN V3.
... ... @@ -371,16 +371,20 @@
371 371  (((
372 372  (((
373 373  Fill in Broker Address and Broker port.
451 +
452 +
374 374  )))
375 375  )))
376 376  
377 -[[image:image-20220526140347-22.png]]
456 +[[image:image-20220526140347-22.png||_mstalt="453700"]]
378 378  
379 379  Fill in the username and password into MQTT.
380 380  
381 381  
382 -[[image:image-20220526140420-23.png]]
383 383  
462 +[[image:image-20220526140420-23.png||_mstalt="451373"]]
463 +
464 +
384 384  The Application Server publishes uplink traffic on the following topics:
385 385  
386 386  (% class="box" %)
... ... @@ -397,13 +397,18 @@
397 397  )))
398 398  
399 399  (((
481 +
482 +
400 400  (((
401 -**Note**: Remember that the format of these topics for The Things Stack Open Source would contain {application id} instead of {application id}@{tenant id}.
484 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note**: **Remember that the format of these topics for The Things Stack Open Source would contain {application id} instead of {application id}@{tenant id}.**
485 +
486 +
402 402  )))
403 403  )))
404 404  
405 -[[image:image-20220526140452-24.png]]
490 +[[image:image-20220526140452-24.png||_mstalt="453401"]]
406 406  
492 +
407 407  (((
408 408  (((
409 409  While you could subscribe to all of these topics separately, for the simplicity of this tutorial we use # to subscribe to all topics, i.e. to receive all uplink traffic.
... ... @@ -410,7 +410,7 @@
410 410  )))
411 411  )))
412 412  
413 -[[image:image-20220526140708-25.png]]
499 +[[image:image-20220526140708-25.png||_mstalt="455117"]]
414 414  
415 415  (((
416 416  (((
... ... @@ -420,7 +420,11 @@
420 420  
421 421  (((
422 422  (((
423 -**Note**: Remember that the format of this topic for The Things Stack Open Source deployment would be v3/{application id}/devices/{device id}/down/push.
509 +
510 +
511 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note**: **Remember that the format of this topic for The Things Stack Open Source deployment would be v3/{application id}/devices/{device id}/down/push.**
512 +
513 +
424 424  )))
425 425  )))
426 426  
... ... @@ -430,21 +430,23 @@
430 430  )))
431 431  )))
432 432  
433 -[[image:image-20220526140856-26.png]]
523 +[[image:image-20220526140856-26.png||_mstalt="456755"]]
434 434  
435 435  (((
436 -To send an unconfirmed downlink message to the device dev1 in application app1 in tenant tenant1 with the hexadecimal payload BE EF on FPort 15 with normal priority, use the topic v3/app1@tenant1/devices/dev1/down/push with the following contents:
437 -)))
526 +To send an unconfirmed downlink message to the device dev1 in application app1 in tenant tenant1 with the hexadecimal payload BE EF on FPort 15 with normal priority, use the topic v3/app1@tenant1/devices/dev1/down/push with the following contents: **vu8=**, which is the Base64 format for Hex BE EF  . **[[HEX to Base64 online converter tool>>https://base64.guru/converter/encode/hex]]**.
438 438  
439 -(((
440 -**Note**: Use this handy tool to convert hexadecimal to base64.
528 +[[image:image-20240325082631-1.png||height="393" width="815"]]
529 +
530 +
531 +Below is the TTN output for this downlink command.
441 441  )))
442 442  
443 -[[image:image-20220526140936-27.png]]
534 +[[image:image-20220526140936-27.png||_mstalt="456794"]]
444 444  
445 445  
446 -== 5.3 Send Downlink message ==
537 +== 5.3  Send Downlink message ==
447 447  
539 +
448 448  (((
449 449  How to configure downlink in TTN V3?
450 450  )))
... ... @@ -454,30 +454,36 @@
454 454  )))
455 455  
456 456  (((
457 -Downlink command:01 00 00 5A
549 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink command: 01 00 00 5A**
550 +
551 +
458 458  )))
459 459  
460 -[[image:image-20220526141021-28.png]]
554 +[[image:image-20220526141021-28.png||_mstalt="452647"]]
461 461  
462 462  downlink
463 463  
464 464  
559 +
465 465  After sending, you can view it in live data.
466 466  
467 -[[image:image-20220526141052-29.png]]
562 +[[image:image-20220526141052-29.png||_mstalt="454337"]]
468 468  
469 469  downlink
470 470  
471 471  
567 +
472 472  (((
473 473  When downlink is successfully sent, the downlink information can be received on the serial port.
474 474  )))
475 475  
476 476  (((
477 -**Note**: If the downlink byte sent is longer, the number of bytes will be displayed.
573 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note**:** If the downlink byte sent is longer, the number of bytes will be displayed.**
574 +
575 +
478 478  )))
479 479  
480 -[[image:image-20220526141116-30.png]]
578 +[[image:image-20220526141116-30.png||_mstalt="451672"]]
481 481  
482 482  downlink
483 483  
... ... @@ -490,13 +490,13 @@
490 490  
491 491  (((
492 492  (((
493 -If the equipment uses CLASS A. You can set **AT+RPL=2** or send the downlink command: **2102**
591 +If the equipment uses (% style="color:blue" %)**CLASS A**(%%). You can set (% style="color:red" %)**AT+RPL=2** (%%)or send the downlink command: (% style="color:red" %)**2102**
494 494  )))
495 495  )))
496 496  
497 497  (((
498 498  (((
499 -If the equipment uses CLASS C. You can set** AT+RPL=4** or send the downlink command: **2104**
597 +If the equipment uses (% style="color:blue" %)**CLASS C**(%%). You can set** (% style="color:red" %)AT+RPL=4(%%)** or send the downlink command: (% style="color:red" %)**2104**
500 500  )))
501 501  )))
502 502  
... ... @@ -503,62 +503,177 @@
503 503  (((
504 504  (((
505 505  When the device successfully receives the downlink, the server will receive a confirmation packet of 00.
604 +
605 +
506 506  )))
507 507  )))
508 508  
509 -[[image:image-20220526141149-31.png]]
609 +[[image:image-20220526141149-31.png||_mstalt="454038"]]
510 510  
511 511  downlink
512 512  
513 513  
514 -= 6. Request Remote Support =
614 += 6.  Route TTN data to Node-Red =
515 515  
616 +
617 +Users can create an MQTT integration by following the steps described in "[[5.TTN V3 Integrated into MQTT Server>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Notes%20for%20TTN/#H5.A0TTNV3integratedintoMQTTserver||_mstmutation="1"]]"
618 +
619 +
620 +== 6.1  Edit mqtt-broker node ==
621 +
622 +
623 +Users need to configure the TTN MQTT server address and port, Such as:
624 +
625 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
516 516  (((
627 +**Server :** eu1.cloud.thethings.network
628 +
629 +**Port  :** 1883
630 +)))
631 +
632 +[[image:image-20220829160224-187.jpeg||_mstalt="526292" height="569" width="1128"]]
633 +
634 +
635 +**Enter Username and Password**
636 +
637 +[[image:image-20220829164358-188.png||_mstalt="486174" height="570" width="1130"]]
638 +
639 +
640 +== 6.2  Debug ==
641 +
642 +
643 +Users can check logs by adding debug.
644 +
645 +[[image:image-20220829164652-189.png||_mstalt="485472" height="572" width="1134"]]
646 +
647 +
648 +== 6.3  Example: Use Local Server TTN and Node-Red in LPS8v2 ==
649 +
650 +
651 +LPS8v2 includes a local TTN Server and Node-Red. This example shows how to configure LHT65N to use with the local Node-Red server. This example assumes users already have:
652 +
653 +* LHT65N register on LPS8v2 Built-In TTN server already
654 +* The user is able to see the data on the built-in TTN server device page.
655 +
656 +Below are the steps to plot the sensor data on LPS8v2 Node-Red.
657 +
658 +
659 +=== 6.3.1 Link Node-Red to Local TTN ===
660 +
661 +
662 +Users can download the Node-Red decoder from this link and import it into the Node-Red platform:  **[[dragino-end-node-decoder/LHT65N.json (github.com)>>url:https://github.com/dragino/dragino-end-node-decoder/blob/main/Node-RED/LHT65N.json]]**
663 +
664 +For more information on importing Input Flow, check out this link: **[[Import Input Flow for Dragino Sensors>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Node-RED/#H3.A0ImportInputFlowforDraginoSensors||style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"]]**
665 +
666 +
667 +After importing the Input Flow is complete, the user needs to edit the MQTT in the node
668 +
669 +
670 +(% style="color:blue" %)**1. Change the Topic**
671 +
672 +
673 +Topic modifies it to the following format:
674 +
675 +**v3/(% style="color:red" %)Application ID(%%)/devices/(% style="color:red" %)End device ID(%%)/up**
676 +
677 +[[image:image-20221018100743-1.png||_mstalt="427739" height="573" width="1120"]](% style="display:none" %)
678 +
679 +
680 +
681 +(% style="color:blue" %)**2. Enter the MQTT configuration information**
682 +
683 +
684 +[[image:image-20221018100947-2.png||_mstalt="430079" height="560" width="1123"]](% style="display:none" %)
685 +
686 +
687 +
688 +[[image:image-20221018101102-3.png||_mstalt="425256" height="580" width="1121"]]
689 +
690 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
691 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Finally, click "Update" and Deploy**
692 +
693 +
694 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
695 +"Connected" indicates that the Link Node-red to Local TTN is normal.
696 +
697 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
698 +[[image:image-20220914140918-5.png||_mstalt="432523" height="602" width="1121"]]
699 +
700 +
701 +=== 6.3.2 Check result. ===
702 +
703 +
704 +Users can check logs by adding debug.
705 +
706 +[[image:image-20220914140841-4.png||_mstalt="430456" height="600" width="1119"]]
707 +
708 +
709 +In addition,Users can access the lps8v2 gateway's built-in as server of **Node-Red Chart UI **via the URL((% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:1880/ui or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address>:1880/ui//**__(%%)) in your browser.
710 +
711 +
712 +[[image:image-20220914142021-7.png||_mstalt="429000" height="439" width="1143"]](% style="display:none" %)
713 +
714 +
715 += 7.  Request Remote Support =
716 +
717 +
718 +(((
517 517  These pages are useful to check what is wrong on the Join process. Below shows the four steps that we can check the Join Process.
518 518  \\If problem not solve, and you need dragino remote support, please follow to this document: [[TTN Support instruction>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=&file=TTNv3_Support_Guide.pdf]](% style="color:red" %) **If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the screenshots for each step to check. They include:**
519 519  )))
520 520  
521 521  * End node is connected to serial port to show the Join frequency and DR. (If possible)
724 +
522 522  * Gateway (from gateway UI) traffic to show the packet got from end node and receive from Server. (If possible)
726 +
523 523  * Gateway traffic (from server UI) to shows the data exchange between gateway and server. (Normally possible)
728 +
524 524  * End Node traffic (from server UI) to shows end node activity in server. (Normally possible)
730 +
525 525  * End Node Keys screen shot shows in end node and server. so we can check if the keys are correct. (In most case, we found keys doesn't match, especially APP EUI)
526 526  
527 -**~1. End Device Join Screen shot, we can check:**
733 +(% style="color:blue" %)**1. End Device Join Screen shot, we can check:**
528 528  
529 529  * If the device is sending join request to server?
736 +
530 530  * What frequency the device is sending?
531 531  
532 -[[image:image-20220526141308-33.png]]
739 +[[image:image-20220526141308-33.png||_mstalt="453778"]]
533 533  
534 534  Console Output from End device to see the transmit frequency
535 535  
536 -User can run **AT+CFG **command to print configuration information.
537 537  
538 -* Is the device in OTAA mode or ABP mode? **AT+NJM=1** (OTAA mode), **AT+NJM=0** (ABP mode)
744 +User can run (% style="color:blue" %)**AT+CFG **(%%)command to print configuration information.
539 539  
540 -[[image:image-20220526141612-36.png]]
746 +* Is the device in OTAA mode or ABP mode? (% style="color:red" %)**AT+NJM=1** (%%)(OTAA mode), (% style="color:red" %)**AT+NJM=0**(%%) (ABP mode)
541 541  
748 +[[image:image-20220526141612-36.png||_mstalt="454142"]]
542 542  
750 +
543 543  Console Output from End device to see the transmit frequency
544 544  
545 545  
546 -**2. Gateway packet traffic in gateway web or ssh. we can check:**
547 547  
755 +(% style="color:blue" %)**2. Gateway packet traffic in gateway web or ssh. we can check:**
756 +
548 548  * (((
549 549  If the gateway receive the Join request packet from sensor? (If this fail, check if the gateway and sensor works on the match frequency)
550 550  )))
551 551  * (((
552 552  If the gateway gets the Join Accept message from server and transmit it via LoRa?
762 +
763 +
764 +
553 553  )))
554 554  
555 -[[image:image-20220526141739-37.png]]
767 +[[image:image-20220526141739-37.png||_mstalt="457847"]]
556 556  
557 557  Console Output from Gateway to see packets between end node and server.
558 558  
559 559  
560 -**3. Gateway Traffic Page in LoRaWAN Server**
561 561  
773 +(% style="color:blue" %)**3. Gateway Traffic Page in LoRaWAN Server**
774 +
562 562  * (((
563 563  If the Join Request packet arrive the gateway traffic in server? If not, check the internet connection and gateway LoRaWAN server settings.
564 564  )))
... ... @@ -567,26 +567,32 @@
567 567  )))
568 568  * (((
569 569  If the Join Accept message are in correct frequency? If you set the server to use US915 band, and your end node and gateway is EU868, you will see the Join Accept message are in US915 band so no possible to Join success.
783 +
784 +
785 +
570 570  )))
571 571  
572 -[[image:image-20220526141823-38.png||height="501" width="1144"]]
788 +[[image:image-20220526141823-38.png||_mstalt="456183" height="501" width="1144"]]
573 573  
574 574  The Traffic for the End node in the server, use TTNv3 as example
575 575  
576 576  
577 -[[image:image-20220526141917-39.png]]
578 578  
794 +[[image:image-20220526141917-39.png||_mstalt="457899"]]
795 +
579 579  The Traffic for the End node in the server, use TTNv3 as example
580 580  
581 581  
582 -**4. Data Page in LoRaWAN server**
583 583  
800 +(% style="color:blue" %)**4. Data Page in LoRaWAN server**
801 +
584 584  (((
585 585  (((
586 586  (((
587 587  If this data page shows the Join Request message from the end node? If not, most properly you have wrong settings in the keys. Keys in the server doesn't match the keys in End Node.
588 588  
589 -[[image:image-20220526141956-40.png]]
807 +
808 +[[image:image-20220526141956-40.png||_mstalt="455832"]]
590 590  )))
591 591  )))
592 592  )))
... ... @@ -594,6 +594,182 @@
594 594  The data for the end device set in server
595 595  
596 596  
597 -[[image:image-20220526142033-41.png]]
598 598  
817 +[[image:image-20220526142033-41.png||_mstalt="452036"]]
818 +
599 599  Check if OTAA Keys match the keys in device
820 +
821 +
822 += 8.  FAQ =
823 +
824 +== 8.1 How to import devices keys to TTN. ==
825 +
826 +
827 +**For TTS in LPS8v2**
828 +
829 +Open your application and click the button **Import end devices**
830 +
831 +[[image:image-20230423154012-1.png||_mstalt="426738" height="472" width="755"]]
832 +
833 +
834 +Select the **File format** and upload the file (e.g. or ).devices/jsondevices.csv
835 +
836 +You can specify **Fallback values** for Frequency plan and LoRaWAN and Regional Parameters version, in case the import file does not specify these settings for the device.
837 +
838 +You can also expand the **Advanced claiming and component settings** to set targeted components, and set the claim authentication code to be generated.
839 +
840 +Start the import by clicking the **Import end devices** button.
841 +
842 +[[image:image-20230423154040-2.png||_mstalt="427401" height="470" width="749"]]
843 +
844 +
845 +Wait for the end devices to be successfully imported. In case any device fails, you will see a relevant error message in the console.
846 +
847 +[[image:image-20230423154105-3.png||_mstalt="428467" height="478" width="763"]]
848 +
849 +
850 +If the import was successful, your devices are added to the list of end devices in your application.
851 +
852 +[[image:image-20230423154125-4.png||_mstalt="429481" height="480" width="766"]]
853 +
854 +Devices are now registered on The Things Stack.
855 +
856 +
857 +=== **JSON File Reference** ===
858 +
859 +
860 +The Things Stack allows you to import end devices from V2, ChirpStack and other LoRaWAN networks using a JSON file describing those devices.
861 +
862 +Using JSON file with device descriptions, you can migrate end devices with or without their existing sessions.
863 +
864 +Here is an example of an OTAA device description in the file:devices.json
865 +
866 +{{{{
867 + "ids": {
868 + "device_id": "my-device",
869 + "dev_eui": "0102030405060708",
870 + "join_eui": "0102030405060708"
871 + },
872 + "name": "My Device",
873 + "description": "Living room temperature sensor",
874 + "lorawan_version": "MAC_V1_0_2",
875 + "lorawan_phy_version": "PHY_V1_0_2_REV_B",
876 + "frequency_plan_id": "EU_863_870_TTN",
877 + "supports_join": true,
878 + "root_keys": {
879 + "app_key": {
880 + "key": "01020304050607080102030405060708"
881 + }
882 + }
883 +}
884 +}}}
885 +
886 +Multiple end devices can also be contained in a single file like so:devices.json
887 +
888 +{{{{
889 + /* device 1 */
890 +}
891 +{
892 + /* device 2 */
893 +}
894 +}}}
895 +
896 +The format above is considered by the Console and CLI as a JSON stream, processing one object at a time. For more details in how to use the file
897 +
898 +
899 +=== **CSV File Reference** ===
900 +
901 +
902 +The Things Stack has support for importing end devices from CSV (comma-separated values) files. This is useful when batches of end devices are managed in Microsoft Excel or any other spreadsheet or database that can export to CSV file.
903 +
904 +The CSV import in The Things Stack uses the following settings:
905 +
906 +* Semicolon () as field delimiter. This makes working with Microsoft Excel and other spreadsheets convenient;
907 +
908 +* Header row is required
909 +
910 +* On each row, the same number of fields as on the header line
911 +
912 +* Use quotes to use in a field value;
913 +
914 +* Use double quotes to escape quotes
915 +
916 +* Unknown header columns are permitted and ignored
917 +
918 +* Name and id cannot have capital letters and special characters
919 +
920 +* Example column lorawan_phy_version is not needed
921 +
922 +(% style="display:none" %)
923 +
924 +
925 +
926 +=== **Example** ===
927 +
928 +
929 +Minimal example:
930 +
931 +{{{dev_eui;join_eui;frequency_plan_id;lorawan_version;lorawan_phy_version;app_key
932 +1111111111111111;1111111111111111;EU_863_870_TTN;MAC_V1_0_4;RP002_V1_0_3;11111111111111111111111111111111
933 +2222222222222222;2222222222222222;EU_863_870_TTN;MAC_V1_0_4;RP002_V1_0_3;22222222222222222222222222222222
934 +3333333333333333;3333333333333333;EU_863_870_TTN;MAC_V1_0_4;RP002_V1_0_3;33333333333333333333333333333333
935 +}}}
936 +
937 +All columns for a LoRaWAN 1.0.4 device:
938 +
939 +{{{id;dev_eui;join_eui;name;frequency_plan_id;lorawan_version;lorawan_phy_version;brand_id;model_id;hardware_version;firmware_version;band_id;app_key
940 +test-one;1111111111111111;1111111111111111;Device 1;EU_863_870_TTN;MAC_V1_0_4;RP002_V1_0_3;the-things-industries;generic-node-sensor-edition;1.0.4;1.0;EU_863_870;11111111111111111111111111111111
941 +test-two;2222222222222222;2222222222222222;Device 2;EU_863_870_TTN;MAC_V1_0_4;RP002_V1_0_3;the-things-industries;generic-node-sensor-edition;1.0.4;1.0;EU_863_870;22222222222222222222222222222222
942 +test-three;3333333333333333;3333333333333333;Device 3;EU_863_870_TTN;MAC_V1_0_4;RP002_V1_0_3;the-things-industries;generic-node-sensor-edition;1.0.4;1.0;EU_863_870;33333333333333333333333333333333
943 +}}}
944 +
945 +
946 +(% style="display:none" %) (%%)
947 +
948 +=== **Excel Template** ===
949 +
950 +
951 +[[Download the Excel template>>url:https://www.thethingsindustries.com/docs/getting-started/migrating/tts-end-devices-csv-template.xlsx]]. You can remove all columns that are not required (see above).
952 +
953 +
954 +== 8.2 How to download and analyze End Device's log？(% style="display:none" %) (%%) ==
955 +
956 +
957 +~1. Get information about a single node
958 +
959 +Download this file in the node's live data interface
960 +
961 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20of%20Dragino%20LoRaWAN%20Packet%20Analyze%20Tool/WebHome/image-20230928163751-2.png?width=1278&height=506&rev=1.1||alt="image-20230928163751-2.png" height="506" width="1278"]]
962 +
963 +
964 +2. Get information about the entire Application
965 +
966 +Click the "See all activity" button on the main interface of the application
967 +
968 +[[image:image-20231019113039-1.png||height="678" width="1312"]]
969 +
970 +
971 +Download this file in application  live data interface
972 +
973 +[[image:image-20231019113212-4.png||height="567" width="1277"]]
974 +
975 +
976 +After the data collection is completed, you can send this file directly to our technical support personnel for analysis.
977 +
978 +
979 +You can also use the packet analysis tool developed by our company to check it yourself. Please refer to the following [[link>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20of%20Dragino%20LoRaWAN%20Packet%20Analyze%20Tool/#H3.ThethingsNetwork]] to use this tool.
980 +
981 +[[image:image-20240117170517-1.png]]
982 +
983 +
984 +
985 += 9. Trouble Shooting. =
986 +
987 +== 9.1 How to solve the problem of MIC Mismatch？ ==
988 +
989 +
990 +Please refer to the link below:
991 +
992 +[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/LoRaWAN%20Communication%20Debug/#H9.WhydoIseea22MICMismatch22errormessagefromtheserver3F>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/LoRaWAN%20Communication%20Debug/#H9.WhydoIseea22MICMismatch22errormessagefromtheserver3F]]
993 +
994 +
image-20220726134642-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +50.0 KB
Content
image-20220726135759-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +14.5 KB
Content
image-20220726135827-3.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +14.1 KB
Content
image-20220829153628-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +173.3 KB
Content
image-20220829153716-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +173.6 KB
Content
image-20220829155610-3.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +79.4 KB
Content
image-20220829160114-4.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160115-5.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160115-6.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160116-7.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160116-8.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160116-9.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160125-41.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160128-57.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160130-65.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160132-77.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160132-78.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160133-81.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160134-86.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160134-90.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160145-146.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160145-147.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160145-148.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160145-149.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160145-150.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160145-151.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160145-152.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160145-153.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160146-154.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160146-155.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160146-156.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160146-157.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160146-158.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160146-159.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160146-160.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160146-161.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160146-162.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160146-163.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160146-164.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160146-165.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160146-166.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160146-167.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160147-168.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160147-169.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160147-170.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160147-171.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160147-172.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160147-173.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160147-174.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160147-175.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160147-176.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160147-177.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160147-178.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160147-179.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160147-180.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160147-181.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160147-182.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160148-183.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160148-184.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160148-185.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160148-186.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160224-187.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829164358-188.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +176.0 KB
Content
image-20220829164652-189.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +148.8 KB
Content
image-20220913134247-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +23.6 KB
Content
image-20220913153442-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +37.2 KB
Content
image-20220914101543-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +148.7 KB
Content
image-20220914103142-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +174.7 KB
Content
image-20220914103303-3.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +159.0 KB
Content
image-20220914140841-4.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +283.8 KB
Content
image-20220914140918-5.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +284.6 KB
Content
image-20220914141502-6.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +87.7 KB
Content
image-20220914142021-7.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +81.3 KB
Content
image-20221018100743-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +98.5 KB
Content
image-20221018100947-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +130.6 KB
Content
image-20221018101102-3.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +90.5 KB
Content
image-20230221135445-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +37.6 KB
Content
image-20230221135520-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +4.4 KB
Content
image-20230221135810-3.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +33.2 KB
Content
image-20230221140131-4.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +58.0 KB
Content
image-20230221140327-5.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +42.7 KB
Content
image-20230221140448-6.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +42.9 KB
Content
image-20230221164647-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +59.6 KB
Content
image-20230221164809-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +59.9 KB
Content
image-20230423154012-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +140.9 KB
Content
image-20230423154040-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +141.0 KB
Content
image-20230423154105-3.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +188.5 KB
Content
image-20230423154125-4.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +102.1 KB
Content
image-20230728143343-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +43.2 KB
Content
image-20230728143449-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +43.2 KB
Content
image-20230728143505-3.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +16.7 KB
Content
image-20230728144218-7.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +12.7 KB
Content
image-20230728145557-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +53.6 KB
Content
image-20230728150521-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +73.9 KB
Content
image-20230728151807-3.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +149.0 KB
Content
image-20231019113039-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +71.3 KB
Content
image-20231019113131-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +207.7 KB
Content
image-20231019113137-3.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +207.7 KB
Content
image-20231019113212-4.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +168.8 KB
Content
image-20231121092510-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +126.5 KB
Content
image-20231121092543-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +121.0 KB
Content
image-20231121092627-3.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +125.3 KB
Content
image-20240117170517-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Edwin
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +63.1 KB
Content
image-20240325082631-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Edwin
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +55.9 KB
Content
image-20240325082714-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Edwin
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +55.9 KB
Content
image-20240820171935-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.ting
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +92.6 KB
Content
image-20240820172327-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.ting
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +79.9 KB
Content
image-20240820172513-3.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.ting
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +45.8 KB
Content
image-20240820172909-4.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.ting
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +71.5 KB
Content