Skip to Content

Changes for page Notes for TTN

Last modified by Xiaoling on 2025/08/04 14:58
From version 66.1
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/05/26 13:51
Change comment: Uploaded new attachment "image-20220526135125-7.png", version {1}
To version 240.1
edited by Mengting Qiu
on 2024/08/20 17:25
Change comment: Uploaded new attachment "image-20240820172513-3.png", version {1}

Summary

Details

Page properties
Author
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
1 -XWiki.Xiaoling
1 +XWiki.ting
Content
... ... @@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
1 -**~ Contents：**
1 +**~ Table of Contents：**
2 2  
3 3  {{toc/}}
4 4  
5 5  
6 +
6 6  = 1. The Things Network-V3 =
7 7  
8 -== 1.1 Introduction ==
9 +== 1.1  Introduction ==
9 9  
10 -=== 1.1.1 What is The Things Network ===
11 +=== 1.1.1  What is The Things Network ===
11 11  
13 +
12 12  (((
13 13  The Things Network is a global collaborative Internet of Things ecosystem that creates networks, devices and solutions using LoRaWAN.
14 14  )))
... ... @@ -15,10 +15,13 @@
15 15  
16 16  (((
17 17  The Things Network runs The Things Stack Community Edition, which is a crowdsourced, open and decentralized LoRaWAN network. This network is a great way to get started testing devices, applications, and integrations, and get familiar with LoRaWAN.
20 +
21 +
18 18  )))
19 19  
20 -=== 1.1.2 Login or crate an account ===
24 +=== 1.1.2  Login or crate an account ===
21 21  
26 +
22 22  (((
23 23  [[Login or create an account>>url:https://console.cloud.thethings.network/]] to get started with The Things Network and start using The Things Stack Console.
24 24  )))
... ... @@ -25,208 +25,307 @@
25 25  
26 26  (((
27 27  Once you have an account,get started by following steps for adding Gateway,Device and Intergrations.
33 +
34 +
28 28  )))
29 29  
30 -=== 1.1.3 List the support products and Requirements ===
37 +=== 1.1.3  List the support products and Requirements ===
31 31  
39 +
32 32  LoRaWAN Gateway model: Existing Gateway
33 33  
34 -= 2. Gateway Registration for Semtech UDP =
35 35  
36 -== 2.1 Primary LoRaWAN Server ==
43 += 2.  Gateway Registration for Semtech UDP =
37 37  
38 -[[image:image-20220526134633-2.png||height="616" width="1323"]]
39 39  
46 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note: Steps 2 and 3 are different connection methods, the user only needs to choose one of them**
47 +
48 +
49 +== 2.1  Primary LoRaWAN Server ==
50 +
51 +
52 +[[image:image-20220526134633-2.png||_mstalt="430196" height="540" width="1160"]]
53 +
40 40  Register Gateway
41 41  
42 42  
43 -[[image:image-20220526134826-4.png]]
57 +[[image:image-20231121092510-1.png||height="617" width="1157"]]
44 44  
59 +
45 45  Put Gateway ID
46 46  
47 47  
48 -[[image:image-20220526134759-3.png]]
63 +[[image:image-20231121092543-2.png||height="613" width="1159"]]
49 49  
65 +
50 50  Choose Frequency Band
51 51  
52 52  
53 -[[image:image-20220526134919-5.png]]
54 54  
70 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**
71 +
72 +DRAGINO - Frequency Plan list  ~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~--  The Thing Network Frequency Plan List
73 +
74 +AS923-1 (920-923)  (% style="display:none" %) (%%) ~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~--  Asia 920-923 Mhz
75 +
76 +AS923-1 (923-925)  ~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~--  Asia 915-928 Mhz (AS923 Group 1)with only default channels
77 +
78 +AS923-2 (921.4-922.8)  ~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~--  Asia 920-923 Mhz (AS923 Group 2)with only default channels
79 +
80 +AS923-3 (916.6-918.2)  ~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~--  Asia 915-921 Mhz (AS923 Group 3)with only default channels
81 +
82 +AS923-4 (917.3-918.7)  ~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~--  Asia 917-920 Mhz (AS923 Group 4)with only default channels
83 +
84 +
85 +[[image:image-20220726134642-1.png||_mstalt="430287" height="344" width="660"]][[image:image-20220726135827-3.png||_mstalt="432978" height="214" width="394"]][[image:image-20220726135759-2.png||_mstalt="433953" height="218" width="554"]]
86 +
87 +[[image:image-20231121092627-3.png||height="617" width="1174"]]
88 +
89 +
90 +[[image:image-20220526134919-5.png||_mstalt="433602"]]
91 +
55 55  Show Status
56 56  
57 -== 2.2 Secondary LoRaWAN Server ==
58 58  
59 -=== 2.2.1 Introduction ===
95 +== 2.2  Secondary LoRaWAN Server ==
60 60  
97 +=== 2.2.1  Introduction ===
98 +
99 +
61 61  The Dragino gateway has supports the Secondary server settings.
62 62  
63 -=== 2.2.2 Below list the support products and Requirements: ===
64 64  
103 +=== 2.2.2  Below list the support products and Requirements: ===
104 +
105 +
65 65  (((
66 -~1. LoRaWAN Gateway model: [[LIG16>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/171-lig16.html]], [[LG308>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/140-lg308.html]], [[DLOS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/160-dlos8.html]] [[LPS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/148-lps8.html]]
107 +1.  LoRaWAN Gateway model:  [[LIG16>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/171-lig16.html]], [[LG308>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/140-lg308.html]], [[DLOS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/160-dlos8.html]] [[LPS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/148-lps8.html]]
67 67  )))
68 68  
69 69  (((
70 -2. Firmware version since :[[lgw~~-~~-build-v5.4.1644658774>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LIG16/Firmware/Release/]]
111 +2.  Firmware version since :  [[lgw~~-~~-build-v5.4.1644658774>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LIG16/Firmware/Release/]]
71 71  )))
72 72  
73 -=== 2.2.3 Example ===
74 74  
75 -The following takes Helium as a Secondary LoRaWAN server as an example,
115 +=== 2.2.3  Example ===
76 76  
77 -=== 2.2.4 Step 1: Download and Install the helium gateway-rs ===
78 78  
79 -The users is needing to download and install the helium gateway-rs then click the button of Save&Apply
118 +The following takes Helium as a Secondary LoRaWAN server as an example
80 80  
81 -[[image:image-20220525093626-7.png]]
82 82  
121 +=== 2.2.4  Step 1: Download and Install the helium gateway-rs ===
122 +
123 +
124 +The users is needing to download and install the helium gateway-rs then click the button of (% style="color:blue" %)**Save&Apply.**
125 +
126 +
127 +[[image:image-20220526135049-6.png||_mstalt="432432"]]
128 +
83 83  Download and Install gateway-rs
84 84  
85 -=== 2.2.5 Step 2: Back to Semtech UDP page ===
86 86  
87 -Back to the page of Semtech UDP check the secondary server settings and click the button of Save&Apply
132 +=== 2.2.5  Step 2: Back to Semtech UDP page ===
88 88  
89 -​​​​[[image:image-20220525093929-1.png]]
90 90  
135 +Back to the page of Semtech UDP check the secondary server settings and click the button of (% style="color:blue" %)**Save&Apply.**
136 +
137 +
138 +​​​​[[image:image-20220526135125-7.png||_mstalt="431106"]]
139 +
91 91  Configuration of helium
92 92  
93 -= 3. Gateway Registration for Basics Station =
94 94  
95 -== 3.1 Introduction ==
143 += 3.  Gateway Registration for Basics Station =
96 96  
145 +== 3.1  Introduction ==
146 +
147 +
97 97  (((
98 98  (((
99 -The LoRa Basics™ Station protocol simplifies management of large scale LoRaWAN networks. LoRa Basics™ Station is the preferred way of connecting Gateways to The Things Stack. [[The LoRa Basics Station doc>>url:https://www.thethingsindustries.com/docs/gateways/lora-basics-station/]]
150 +The LoRa Basics™ Station protocol simplifies the management of large-scale LoRaWAN networks. LoRa Basics™ Station is the preferred way of connecting Gateways to The Things Stack. [[The LoRa Basics Station doc>>url:https://www.thethingsindustries.com/docs/gateways/lora-basics-station/]]
151 +
152 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note: Steps 2 and 3 are different connection methods, the user only needs to choose one of them**
153 +
154 +
100 100  )))
101 101  )))
102 102  
103 103  (((
104 -**Below list the support products and Requirements:**
159 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Below list the support products and Requirements:**
105 105  )))
106 106  
107 107  (((
108 108  (((
109 - ~1. LoRaWAN Gateway model: [[LIG16>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/171-lig16.html]], [[LG308>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/140-lg308.html]], [[DLOS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/160-dlos8.html]] [[LPS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/148-lps8.html]]
164 +1. LoRaWAN Gateway model:  [[LIG16>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/171-lig16.html]], [[LG308>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/140-lg308.html]], [[DLOS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/160-dlos8.html]] [[LPS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/148-lps8.html]]
110 110  )))
111 111  
112 112  (((
113 - 2. Firmware version since :[[lgw~~-~~-build-v5.4.1640315898>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Release/]]
168 + 2.  Firmware version since :  [[lgw~~-~~-build-v5.4.1640315898>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Release/]]
169 +
170 +
114 114  )))
115 115  )))
116 116  
117 117  (((
118 -**What do you need to prepare**
175 +(% style="color:blue" %)**What do you need to prepare?**
119 119  )))
120 120  
121 121  (((
122 122  (((
123 123  A gateway that can access the internet normally
181 +
182 +
124 124  )))
125 125  )))
126 126  
127 -== 3.2 Step 1. Add Gateway ==
186 +== 3.2  Step 1: Register Gateway ==
128 128  
129 -(((
130 -(((
131 -The example for **EU**
132 -)))
133 -)))
134 134  
135 135  (((
136 136  (((
137 -User can add your gateway into The Things Network V3 according to the previous step
191 +(% style="color:blue" %)**The example for**(%%)** the (% style="color:red" %)EU:(%%)**
138 138  )))
139 139  )))
140 140  
141 141  (((
142 142  (((
143 -Following picture is the successful added.
197 +Click the 'Register Gateway' button will get this page to register the gateway from The Thing Network Console gateway page.
198 +
199 +[[image:image-20230728144218-7.png||_mstalt="433290" height="128" width="836"]]
144 144  )))
145 145  )))
146 146  
147 -[[image:image-20220525094010-2.png]]
203 +[[image:image-20230728143449-2.png||_mstalt="433108"]]
148 148  
149 -Add Gateway
205 +Register Gateway
150 150  
151 -== 3.3 Step 2. Create the API key ==
152 152  
153 -user need to create the CUPS API key and LNS API key.
208 +== 3.3  Step 2: Create the API key ==
154 154  
155 -[[image:image-20220525094115-3.png]]
156 156  
157 -Create CUPS API key
211 +**API Key can be created manually**  ~-~-->  if users forgot to check the check box or switch to basic station mode from the Semtech UDP mode
158 158  
159 159  
160 -[[image:image-20220525094146-4.png]]
161 161  
162 -Create LNS API key
163 163  
164 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note : Please copy the API key.**
216 +**or generate by TTN by checking the check box when registering the gateway** ~-~-->[[image:image-20230728143505-3.png||_mstalt="431132"]]
165 165  
166 -== 3.4 Step 3. Update the gateway setting ==
167 167  
219 +=== **1.) Generated by TTH** ===
220 +
221 +
222 +Users need to download these two key files and fill them into the gateway's TTN Basics Station configuration,
223 +
224 +[[image:image-20230728150521-2.png||height="664" width="1019"]]
225 +
226 +
227 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note:**(%%) The "**Authorization: Bearer** " field should not be entered in the TTN Basics Station configuration of the gateway
228 +
229 +[[image:image-20230728151807-3.png||height="423" width="1024"]]
230 +
231 +
232 +=== **2.) Manually create API KEY: ** ===
233 +
234 +
235 +==== CUPS API KEY ====
236 +
237 +[[image:image-20220526135349-9.png||_mstalt="434460"]]
238 +
239 +
240 +
241 +==== LNS API KEY ====
242 +
243 +[[image:image-20220526135428-10.png||_mstalt="453791"]]
244 +
245 +
246 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note: If your API is generated by yourself you have to update the key to the gateway setting.**
247 +
248 +
249 +==== Update the gateway setting ====
250 +
251 +
168 168  In the LoRa Basics Station LNS Authentication Key field, paste the API key you generated in the previous step.
169 169  
170 -[[image:image-20220525094220-5.png]]
171 171  
255 +[[image:image-20220526135528-11.png||_mstalt="454480"]]
256 +
172 172  paste the API key
173 173  
174 -== 3.5 Step 4. Access the gateway GUI ==
175 175  
260 +== 3.5  Step 4: Access the gateway GUI ==
261 +
262 +
176 176  User need to update the API key and install the Certificate
177 177  
178 -[[image:image-20220525094257-6.png]]
179 179  
266 +[[image:image-20220526135601-12.png||_mstalt="452153"]]
267 +
180 180  Access the gateway GUI
181 181  
182 -== 3.6 Step 5. Configure Station ==
183 183  
271 +== 3.6  Step 5: Configure Station ==
272 +
273 +
184 184  User need to input Server URI, Server CUPS Key and LNS Key, as well as install CUPS certificate.
185 185  
186 -**just to clarify.**
187 187  
277 +(% style="color:blue" %)**just to clarify:**
278 +
188 188  (% class="box" %)
189 189  (((
190 - CUPS Server URI  ~-~-> Server Adress
191 - CUPS Authorization Key         ~-~-> Server CUPS API Key
192 - LNS Authorization Key  ~-~-> Server LNS API Key
193 - CUPS certificate  ~-~-> Server CA(user can use the button to install the certificate by default)
281 + CUPS Server URI  ~-~->  Server Address, Example: https:~/~/eu1.cloud.thethings.network:443
282 + CUPS Authorization Key         ~-~->  Server CUPS API Key
283 + LNS Authorization Key  ~-~->  Server LNS API Key
284 + CUPS certificate  ~-~->  Server CA(user can use the button to install the certificate by default)
194 194  )))
195 195  
196 -[[image:image-20220525094329-7.png]]
287 +[[image:image-20220526135654-13.png||_mstalt="455169"]]
197 197  
198 198  Congfigure Station
199 199  
200 -== 3.7 Start Station ==
201 201  
292 +== 3.7  Start Station ==
293 +
294 +
202 202  (((
203 203  When the user has finished the configuration,Please click Sace&Apply to start station to connect The Things Network.
297 +
298 +
204 204  )))
205 205  
206 -== 3.8 Siccessful Connection ==
301 +== 3.8  Successful Connection ==
207 207  
303 +
208 208  If user completes the above steps,which will see live date in the TTN.
209 209  
210 -[[image:image-20220525094409-8.png]]
211 211  
307 +[[image:image-20220526135734-14.png||_mstalt="455208"]]
308 +
212 212  Station live date
213 213  
214 -== 3.9 Trouble Shooting ==
215 215  
216 -User can check the station log in the logread/system log page.
312 +== 3.9  Trouble Shooting ==
217 217  
218 -[[image:image-20220525090622-14.png]]
219 219  
315 +User can check the station log in the** (% style="color:blue" %)LogRead ~-~-> System Log (%%)**page.
316 +
317 +
318 +[[image:image-20220526135845-15.png||_mstalt="456560"]]
319 +
220 220  Station Log
221 221  
222 -and recode the station log in the system/Recode log page.
223 223  
224 -[[image:image-20220525090705-15.png]]
225 225  
324 +and recode the station log in the** (% style="color:blue" %)LogRead  ~-~->  Recode Log(%%)** page.
325 +
326 +[[image:image-20220526135940-16.png||_mstalt="455559"]]
327 +
226 226  Recore Log
227 227  
228 -= 4. Configure node connection to TTNv3 =
229 229  
331 += 4.  Configure node connection to TTNv3 =
332 +
333 +
230 230  (((
231 231  (((
232 232  Following is an example for how to join the TTN v3 LoRaWAN Network.
... ... @@ -241,12 +241,15 @@
241 241  
242 242  (((
243 243  (((
244 -We take LES01 as an example.
348 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**We take LES01 as an example.**
349 +
350 +
245 245  )))
246 246  )))
247 247  
248 -== 4.1 Step1 ==
354 +== 4.1  Step 1 ==
249 249  
356 +
250 250  (((
251 251  (((
252 252  Create a device in TTN with the OTAA keys from LSE01.
... ... @@ -265,44 +265,67 @@
265 265  )))
266 266  )))
267 267  
268 -[[image:image-20220525090739-16.png]]
375 +[[image:image-20230221135445-1.png||_mstalt="428714" height="356" width="777"]]
269 269  
270 -[[image:image-20220525090833-17.png]]
377 +First create an application and fill in the custom information in it
271 271  
272 -== 4.2 Step2 ==
379 +[[image:image-20230221135520-2.png||_mstalt="427050" height="52" width="974"]]
273 273  
381 +[[image:image-20230221135810-3.png||_mstalt="428025" height="400" width="638"]]
382 +
383 +
384 +Add a node device to the application
385 +
386 +
387 +[[image:image-20220526140044-18.png||_mstalt="453648"]]
388 +
389 +
390 +== 4.2  Step 2 ==
391 +
392 +
274 274  (((
275 275  (((
276 276  There are all our nodes in the repository. Users can choose the corresponding brand, model, firmware version and frequency.The decoder and configuration information of the node are pre-configured.Users do not need to configure them.
396 +
397 +[[image:image-20230221164809-2.png||_mstalt="430937" height="525" width="617"]]
277 277  )))
278 278  )))
279 279  
280 -[[image:image-20220525090920-18.png]]
281 281  
282 -== 4.3 Step3 ==
402 +== 4.3  Step 3 ==
283 283  
404 +
284 284  Add APP EUI in the application:
285 285  
286 -[[image:image-20220525091022-19.png]]
287 287  
288 -== 4.4 Step4 ==
408 +[[image:image-20230221140131-4.png||_mstalt="425984" height="569" width="674"]]
289 289  
290 -Add APP KEY and DEV EUI:
291 291  
292 -[[image:image-20220525091128-20.png]]
411 +== 4.4  Step 4 ==
293 293  
294 -= 5. TTN V3 integrated into MQTT server =
295 295  
296 -== 5.1 Introduction ==
414 +**Add APP KEY and DEV EUI:**
297 297  
416 +
417 +[[image:image-20230221140448-6.png||_mstalt="430339" height="535" width="647"]]
418 +
419 +
420 += 5.  TTN V3 integrated into MQTT server =
421 +
422 +== 5.1  Introduction ==
423 +
424 +
298 298  (((
299 299  (((
300 300  The Application Server exposes an MQTT server to work with streaming events. In order to use the MQTT server you need to create a new API key, which will function as connection password. You can also use an existing API key, as long as it has the necessary rights granted.
428 +
429 +
301 301  )))
302 302  )))
303 303  
304 -== 5.2 Create device steps at MQTT ==
433 +== 5.2  Create device steps at MQTT ==
305 305  
435 +
306 306  (((
307 307  (((
308 308  The user creates a new API KEY after creating a device on TTN V3.
... ... @@ -318,16 +318,20 @@
318 318  (((
319 319  (((
320 320  Fill in Broker Address and Broker port.
451 +
452 +
321 321  )))
322 322  )))
323 323  
324 -[[image:image-20220525091251-22.png]]
456 +[[image:image-20220526140347-22.png||_mstalt="453700"]]
325 325  
326 326  Fill in the username and password into MQTT.
327 327  
328 328  
329 -[[image:image-20220525091333-23.png]]
330 330  
462 +[[image:image-20220526140420-23.png||_mstalt="451373"]]
463 +
464 +
331 331  The Application Server publishes uplink traffic on the following topics:
332 332  
333 333  (% class="box" %)
... ... @@ -344,13 +344,18 @@
344 344  )))
345 345  
346 346  (((
481 +
482 +
347 347  (((
348 -**Note**: Remember that the format of these topics for The Things Stack Open Source would contain {application id} instead of {application id}@{tenant id}.
484 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note**: **Remember that the format of these topics for The Things Stack Open Source would contain {application id} instead of {application id}@{tenant id}.**
485 +
486 +
349 349  )))
350 350  )))
351 351  
352 -[[image:image-20220525091430-24.png]]
490 +[[image:image-20220526140452-24.png||_mstalt="453401"]]
353 353  
492 +
354 354  (((
355 355  (((
356 356  While you could subscribe to all of these topics separately, for the simplicity of this tutorial we use # to subscribe to all topics, i.e. to receive all uplink traffic.
... ... @@ -357,7 +357,7 @@
357 357  )))
358 358  )))
359 359  
360 -[[image:image-20220525091458-25.png]]
499 +[[image:image-20220526140708-25.png||_mstalt="455117"]]
361 361  
362 362  (((
363 363  (((
... ... @@ -367,7 +367,11 @@
367 367  
368 368  (((
369 369  (((
370 -**Note**: Remember that the format of this topic for The Things Stack Open Source deployment would be v3/{application id}/devices/{device id}/down/push.
509 +
510 +
511 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note**: **Remember that the format of this topic for The Things Stack Open Source deployment would be v3/{application id}/devices/{device id}/down/push.**
512 +
513 +
371 371  )))
372 372  )))
373 373  
... ... @@ -377,20 +377,23 @@
377 377  )))
378 378  )))
379 379  
380 -[[image:image-20220525091618-27.png]]
523 +[[image:image-20220526140856-26.png||_mstalt="456755"]]
381 381  
382 382  (((
383 -To send an unconfirmed downlink message to the device dev1 in application app1 in tenant tenant1 with the hexadecimal payload BE EF on FPort 15 with normal priority, use the topic v3/app1@tenant1/devices/dev1/down/push with the following contents:
384 -)))
526 +To send an unconfirmed downlink message to the device dev1 in application app1 in tenant tenant1 with the hexadecimal payload BE EF on FPort 15 with normal priority, use the topic v3/app1@tenant1/devices/dev1/down/push with the following contents: **vu8=**, which is the Base64 format for Hex BE EF  . **[[HEX to Base64 online converter tool>>https://base64.guru/converter/encode/hex]]**.
385 385  
386 -(((
387 -**Note**: Use this handy tool to convert hexadecimal to base64.
528 +[[image:image-20240325082631-1.png||height="393" width="815"]]
529 +
530 +
531 +Below is the TTN output for this downlink command.
388 388  )))
389 389  
390 -[[image:image-20220525091702-28.png]]
534 +[[image:image-20220526140936-27.png||_mstalt="456794"]]
391 391  
392 -== 5.3 Send Downlink message ==
393 393  
537 +== 5.3  Send Downlink message ==
538 +
539 +
394 394  (((
395 395  How to configure downlink in TTN V3?
396 396  )))
... ... @@ -400,31 +400,40 @@
400 400  )))
401 401  
402 402  (((
403 -Downlink command:01 00 00 5A
549 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink command: 01 00 00 5A**
550 +
551 +
404 404  )))
405 405  
406 -[[image:image-20220525091752-29.png]]
554 +[[image:image-20220526141021-28.png||_mstalt="452647"]]
407 407  
408 408  downlink
409 409  
558 +
559 +
410 410  After sending, you can view it in live data.
411 411  
412 -[[image:image-20220525091816-30.png]]
562 +[[image:image-20220526141052-29.png||_mstalt="454337"]]
413 413  
414 414  downlink
415 415  
566 +
567 +
416 416  (((
417 417  When downlink is successfully sent, the downlink information can be received on the serial port.
418 418  )))
419 419  
420 420  (((
421 -**Note**: If the downlink byte sent is longer, the number of bytes will be displayed.
573 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note**:** If the downlink byte sent is longer, the number of bytes will be displayed.**
574 +
575 +
422 422  )))
423 423  
424 -[[image:image-20220525091855-31.png]]
578 +[[image:image-20220526141116-30.png||_mstalt="451672"]]
425 425  
426 426  downlink
427 427  
582 +
428 428  (((
429 429  (((
430 430  If you want to get a successful reply to send downlink in TTN v3. You need to set the response level.
... ... @@ -433,13 +433,13 @@
433 433  
434 434  (((
435 435  (((
436 -If the equipment uses CLASS A. You can set **AT+RPL=2** or send the downlink command: **2102**
591 +If the equipment uses (% style="color:blue" %)**CLASS A**(%%). You can set (% style="color:red" %)**AT+RPL=2** (%%)or send the downlink command: (% style="color:red" %)**2102**
437 437  )))
438 438  )))
439 439  
440 440  (((
441 441  (((
442 -If the equipment uses CLASS C. You can set** AT+RPL=4** or send the downlink command: **2104**
597 +If the equipment uses (% style="color:blue" %)**CLASS C**(%%). You can set** (% style="color:red" %)AT+RPL=4(%%)** or send the downlink command: (% style="color:red" %)**2104**
443 443  )))
444 444  )))
445 445  
... ... @@ -446,59 +446,177 @@
446 446  (((
447 447  (((
448 448  When the device successfully receives the downlink, the server will receive a confirmation packet of 00.
604 +
605 +
449 449  )))
450 450  )))
451 451  
452 -[[image:image-20220525091925-32.png]]
609 +[[image:image-20220526141149-31.png||_mstalt="454038"]]
453 453  
454 454  downlink
455 455  
456 -= 6. Request Remote Support =
457 457  
614 += 6.  Route TTN data to Node-Red =
615 +
616 +
617 +Users can create an MQTT integration by following the steps described in "[[5.TTN V3 Integrated into MQTT Server>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Notes%20for%20TTN/#H5.A0TTNV3integratedintoMQTTserver||_mstmutation="1"]]"
618 +
619 +
620 +== 6.1  Edit mqtt-broker node ==
621 +
622 +
623 +Users need to configure the TTN MQTT server address and port, Such as:
624 +
625 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
458 458  (((
627 +**Server :** eu1.cloud.thethings.network
628 +
629 +**Port  :** 1883
630 +)))
631 +
632 +[[image:image-20220829160224-187.jpeg||_mstalt="526292" height="569" width="1128"]]
633 +
634 +
635 +**Enter Username and Password**
636 +
637 +[[image:image-20220829164358-188.png||_mstalt="486174" height="570" width="1130"]]
638 +
639 +
640 +== 6.2  Debug ==
641 +
642 +
643 +Users can check logs by adding debug.
644 +
645 +[[image:image-20220829164652-189.png||_mstalt="485472" height="572" width="1134"]]
646 +
647 +
648 +== 6.3  Example: Use Local Server TTN and Node-Red in LPS8v2 ==
649 +
650 +
651 +LPS8v2 includes a local TTN Server and Node-Red. This example shows how to configure LHT65N to use with the local Node-Red server. This example assumes users already have:
652 +
653 +* LHT65N register on LPS8v2 Built-In TTN server already
654 +* The user is able to see the data on the built-in TTN server device page.
655 +
656 +Below are the steps to plot the sensor data on LPS8v2 Node-Red.
657 +
658 +
659 +=== 6.3.1 Link Node-Red to Local TTN ===
660 +
661 +
662 +Users can download the Node-Red decoder from this link and import it into the Node-Red platform:  **[[dragino-end-node-decoder/LHT65N.json (github.com)>>url:https://github.com/dragino/dragino-end-node-decoder/blob/main/Node-RED/LHT65N.json]]**
663 +
664 +For more information on importing Input Flow, check out this link: **[[Import Input Flow for Dragino Sensors>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Node-RED/#H3.A0ImportInputFlowforDraginoSensors||style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"]]**
665 +
666 +
667 +After importing the Input Flow is complete, the user needs to edit the MQTT in the node
668 +
669 +
670 +(% style="color:blue" %)**1. Change the Topic**
671 +
672 +
673 +Topic modifies it to the following format:
674 +
675 +**v3/(% style="color:red" %)Application ID(%%)/devices/(% style="color:red" %)End device ID(%%)/up**
676 +
677 +[[image:image-20221018100743-1.png||_mstalt="427739" height="573" width="1120"]](% style="display:none" %)
678 +
679 +
680 +
681 +(% style="color:blue" %)**2. Enter the MQTT configuration information**
682 +
683 +
684 +[[image:image-20221018100947-2.png||_mstalt="430079" height="560" width="1123"]](% style="display:none" %)
685 +
686 +
687 +
688 +[[image:image-20221018101102-3.png||_mstalt="425256" height="580" width="1121"]]
689 +
690 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
691 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Finally, click "Update" and Deploy**
692 +
693 +
694 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
695 +"Connected" indicates that the Link Node-red to Local TTN is normal.
696 +
697 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
698 +[[image:image-20220914140918-5.png||_mstalt="432523" height="602" width="1121"]]
699 +
700 +
701 +=== 6.3.2 Check result. ===
702 +
703 +
704 +Users can check logs by adding debug.
705 +
706 +[[image:image-20220914140841-4.png||_mstalt="430456" height="600" width="1119"]]
707 +
708 +
709 +In addition,Users can access the lps8v2 gateway's built-in as server of **Node-Red Chart UI **via the URL((% style="background-color:yellow" %)__**//http:~/~/<hostname>:1880/ui or http:~/~/<local-IPV4-address>:1880/ui//**__(%%)) in your browser.
710 +
711 +
712 +[[image:image-20220914142021-7.png||_mstalt="429000" height="439" width="1143"]](% style="display:none" %)
713 +
714 +
715 += 7.  Request Remote Support =
716 +
717 +
718 +(((
459 459  These pages are useful to check what is wrong on the Join process. Below shows the four steps that we can check the Join Process.
460 460  \\If problem not solve, and you need dragino remote support, please follow to this document: [[TTN Support instruction>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=&file=TTNv3_Support_Guide.pdf]](% style="color:red" %) **If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the screenshots for each step to check. They include:**
461 461  )))
462 462  
463 463  * End node is connected to serial port to show the Join frequency and DR. (If possible)
724 +
464 464  * Gateway (from gateway UI) traffic to show the packet got from end node and receive from Server. (If possible)
726 +
465 465  * Gateway traffic (from server UI) to shows the data exchange between gateway and server. (Normally possible)
728 +
466 466  * End Node traffic (from server UI) to shows end node activity in server. (Normally possible)
730 +
467 467  * End Node Keys screen shot shows in end node and server. so we can check if the keys are correct. (In most case, we found keys doesn't match, especially APP EUI)
468 468  
469 -**~1. End Device Join Screen shot, we can check:**
733 +(% style="color:blue" %)**1. End Device Join Screen shot, we can check:**
470 470  
471 471  * If the device is sending join request to server?
736 +
472 472  * What frequency the device is sending?
473 473  
474 -[[image:image-20220525092012-33.png]]
739 +[[image:image-20220526141308-33.png||_mstalt="453778"]]
475 475  
476 476  Console Output from End device to see the transmit frequency
477 477  
478 -User can run **AT+CFG **command to print configuration information.
479 479  
480 -* Is the device in OTAA mode or ABP mode? **AT+NJM=1** (OTAA mode), **AT+NJM=0** (ABP mode)
744 +User can run (% style="color:blue" %)**AT+CFG **(%%)command to print configuration information.
481 481  
482 -[[image:image-20220525092043-34.png]]
746 +* Is the device in OTAA mode or ABP mode? (% style="color:red" %)**AT+NJM=1** (%%)(OTAA mode), (% style="color:red" %)**AT+NJM=0**(%%) (ABP mode)
483 483  
748 +[[image:image-20220526141612-36.png||_mstalt="454142"]]
749 +
750 +
484 484  Console Output from End device to see the transmit frequency
485 485  
486 -**2. Gateway packet traffic in gateway web or ssh. we can check:**
487 487  
754 +
755 +(% style="color:blue" %)**2. Gateway packet traffic in gateway web or ssh. we can check:**
756 +
488 488  * (((
489 489  If the gateway receive the Join request packet from sensor? (If this fail, check if the gateway and sensor works on the match frequency)
490 490  )))
491 491  * (((
492 492  If the gateway gets the Join Accept message from server and transmit it via LoRa?
762 +
763 +
764 +
493 493  )))
494 494  
495 -[[image:image-20220525092124-35.png]]
767 +[[image:image-20220526141739-37.png||_mstalt="457847"]]
496 496  
497 497  Console Output from Gateway to see packets between end node and server.
498 498  
499 499  
500 -**3. Gateway Traffic Page in LoRaWAN Server**
501 501  
773 +(% style="color:blue" %)**3. Gateway Traffic Page in LoRaWAN Server**
774 +
502 502  * (((
503 503  If the Join Request packet arrive the gateway traffic in server? If not, check the internet connection and gateway LoRaWAN server settings.
504 504  )))
... ... @@ -507,25 +507,32 @@
507 507  )))
508 508  * (((
509 509  If the Join Accept message are in correct frequency? If you set the server to use US915 band, and your end node and gateway is EU868, you will see the Join Accept message are in US915 band so no possible to Join success.
783 +
784 +
785 +
510 510  )))
511 511  
512 -[[image:image-20220525092157-36.png]]
788 +[[image:image-20220526141823-38.png||_mstalt="456183" height="501" width="1144"]]
513 513  
514 514  The Traffic for the End node in the server, use TTNv3 as example
515 515  
516 516  
517 -[[image:image-20220525092231-37.png]]
518 518  
794 +[[image:image-20220526141917-39.png||_mstalt="457899"]]
795 +
519 519  The Traffic for the End node in the server, use TTNv3 as example
520 520  
521 -**4. Data Page in LoRaWAN server**
522 522  
799 +
800 +(% style="color:blue" %)**4. Data Page in LoRaWAN server**
801 +
523 523  (((
524 524  (((
525 525  (((
526 526  If this data page shows the Join Request message from the end node? If not, most properly you have wrong settings in the keys. Keys in the server doesn't match the keys in End Node.
527 527  
528 -[[image:image-20220525092546-1.png]]
807 +
808 +[[image:image-20220526141956-40.png||_mstalt="455832"]]
529 529  )))
530 530  )))
531 531  )))
... ... @@ -532,6 +532,183 @@
532 532  
533 533  The data for the end device set in server
534 534  
535 -[[image:image-20220525092430-40.png]]
536 536  
816 +
817 +[[image:image-20220526142033-41.png||_mstalt="452036"]]
818 +
537 537  Check if OTAA Keys match the keys in device
820 +
821 +
822 += 8.  FAQ =
823 +
824 +== 8.1 How to import devices keys to TTN. ==
825 +
826 +
827 +**For TTS in LPS8v2**
828 +
829 +Open your application and click the button **Import end devices**
830 +
831 +[[image:image-20230423154012-1.png||_mstalt="426738" height="472" width="755"]]
832 +
833 +
834 +Select the **File format** and upload the file (e.g. or ).devices/jsondevices.csv
835 +
836 +You can specify **Fallback values** for Frequency plan and LoRaWAN and Regional Parameters version, in case the import file does not specify these settings for the device.
837 +
838 +You can also expand the **Advanced claiming and component settings** to set targeted components, and set the claim authentication code to be generated.
839 +
840 +Start the import by clicking the **Import end devices** button.
841 +
842 +[[image:image-20230423154040-2.png||_mstalt="427401" height="470" width="749"]]
843 +
844 +
845 +Wait for the end devices to be successfully imported. In case any device fails, you will see a relevant error message in the console.
846 +
847 +[[image:image-20230423154105-3.png||_mstalt="428467" height="478" width="763"]]
848 +
849 +
850 +If the import was successful, your devices are added to the list of end devices in your application.
851 +
852 +[[image:image-20230423154125-4.png||_mstalt="429481" height="480" width="766"]]
853 +
854 +Devices are now registered on The Things Stack.
855 +
856 +
857 +=== **JSON File Reference** ===
858 +
859 +
860 +The Things Stack allows you to import end devices from V2, ChirpStack and other LoRaWAN networks using a JSON file describing those devices.
861 +
862 +Using JSON file with device descriptions, you can migrate end devices with or without their existing sessions.
863 +
864 +Here is an example of an OTAA device description in the file:devices.json
865 +
866 +{{{{
867 + "ids": {
868 + "device_id": "my-device",
869 + "dev_eui": "0102030405060708",
870 + "join_eui": "0102030405060708"
871 + },
872 + "name": "My Device",
873 + "description": "Living room temperature sensor",
874 + "lorawan_version": "MAC_V1_0_2",
875 + "lorawan_phy_version": "PHY_V1_0_2_REV_B",
876 + "frequency_plan_id": "EU_863_870_TTN",
877 + "supports_join": true,
878 + "root_keys": {
879 + "app_key": {
880 + "key": "01020304050607080102030405060708"
881 + }
882 + }
883 +}
884 +}}}
885 +
886 +Multiple end devices can also be contained in a single file like so:devices.json
887 +
888 +{{{{
889 + /* device 1 */
890 +}
891 +{
892 + /* device 2 */
893 +}
894 +}}}
895 +
896 +The format above is considered by the Console and CLI as a JSON stream, processing one object at a time. For more details in how to use the file
897 +
898 +
899 +=== **CSV File Reference** ===
900 +
901 +
902 +The Things Stack has support for importing end devices from CSV (comma-separated values) files. This is useful when batches of end devices are managed in Microsoft Excel or any other spreadsheet or database that can export to CSV file.
903 +
904 +The CSV import in The Things Stack uses the following settings:
905 +
906 +* Semicolon () as field delimiter. This makes working with Microsoft Excel and other spreadsheets convenient;
907 +
908 +* Header row is required
909 +
910 +* On each row, the same number of fields as on the header line
911 +
912 +* Use quotes to use in a field value;
913 +
914 +* Use double quotes to escape quotes
915 +
916 +* Unknown header columns are permitted and ignored
917 +
918 +* Name and id cannot have capital letters and special characters
919 +
920 +* Example column lorawan_phy_version is not needed
921 +
922 +(% style="display:none" %)
923 +
924 +
925 +
926 +=== **Example** ===
927 +
928 +
929 +Minimal example:
930 +
931 +{{{dev_eui;join_eui;frequency_plan_id;lorawan_version;lorawan_phy_version;app_key
932 +1111111111111111;1111111111111111;EU_863_870_TTN;MAC_V1_0_4;RP002_V1_0_3;11111111111111111111111111111111
933 +2222222222222222;2222222222222222;EU_863_870_TTN;MAC_V1_0_4;RP002_V1_0_3;22222222222222222222222222222222
934 +3333333333333333;3333333333333333;EU_863_870_TTN;MAC_V1_0_4;RP002_V1_0_3;33333333333333333333333333333333
935 +}}}
936 +
937 +All columns for a LoRaWAN 1.0.4 device:
938 +
939 +{{{id;dev_eui;join_eui;name;frequency_plan_id;lorawan_version;lorawan_phy_version;brand_id;model_id;hardware_version;firmware_version;band_id;app_key
940 +test-one;1111111111111111;1111111111111111;Device 1;EU_863_870_TTN;MAC_V1_0_4;RP002_V1_0_3;the-things-industries;generic-node-sensor-edition;1.0.4;1.0;EU_863_870;11111111111111111111111111111111
941 +test-two;2222222222222222;2222222222222222;Device 2;EU_863_870_TTN;MAC_V1_0_4;RP002_V1_0_3;the-things-industries;generic-node-sensor-edition;1.0.4;1.0;EU_863_870;22222222222222222222222222222222
942 +test-three;3333333333333333;3333333333333333;Device 3;EU_863_870_TTN;MAC_V1_0_4;RP002_V1_0_3;the-things-industries;generic-node-sensor-edition;1.0.4;1.0;EU_863_870;33333333333333333333333333333333
943 +}}}
944 +
945 +
946 +(% style="display:none" %) (%%)
947 +
948 +=== **Excel Template** ===
949 +
950 +
951 +[[Download the Excel template>>url:https://www.thethingsindustries.com/docs/getting-started/migrating/tts-end-devices-csv-template.xlsx]]. You can remove all columns that are not required (see above).
952 +
953 +
954 +== 8.2 How to download and analyze End Device's log？(% style="display:none" %) (%%) ==
955 +
956 +
957 +~1. Get information about a single node
958 +
959 +Download this file in the node's live data interface
960 +
961 +[[image:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20of%20Dragino%20LoRaWAN%20Packet%20Analyze%20Tool/WebHome/image-20230928163751-2.png?width=1278&height=506&rev=1.1||alt="image-20230928163751-2.png" height="506" width="1278"]]
962 +
963 +
964 +2. Get information about the entire Application
965 +
966 +Click the "See all activity" button on the main interface of the application
967 +
968 +[[image:image-20231019113039-1.png||height="678" width="1312"]]
969 +
970 +
971 +Download this file in application  live data interface
972 +
973 +[[image:image-20231019113212-4.png||height="567" width="1277"]]
974 +
975 +
976 +After the data collection is completed, you can send this file directly to our technical support personnel for analysis.
977 +
978 +
979 +You can also use the packet analysis tool developed by our company to check it yourself. Please refer to the following [[link>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20of%20Dragino%20LoRaWAN%20Packet%20Analyze%20Tool/#H3.ThethingsNetwork]] to use this tool.
980 +
981 +[[image:image-20240117170517-1.png]]
982 +
983 +
984 +
985 += 9. Trouble Shooting. =
986 +
987 +== 9.1 How to solve the problem of MIC Mismatch？ ==
988 +
989 +
990 +Please refer to the link below:
991 +
992 +[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/LoRaWAN%20Communication%20Debug/#H9.WhydoIseea22MICMismatch22errormessagefromtheserver3F>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/LoRaWAN%20Communication%20Debug/#H9.WhydoIseea22MICMismatch22errormessagefromtheserver3F]]
993 +
994 +
image-20220526135316-8.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +85.1 KB
Content
image-20220526135349-9.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +69.4 KB
Content
image-20220526135428-10.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +68.6 KB
Content
image-20220526135528-11.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +104.4 KB
Content
image-20220526135601-12.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +115.2 KB
Content
image-20220526135654-13.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +123.6 KB
Content
image-20220526135734-14.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +122.5 KB
Content
image-20220526135845-15.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +159.3 KB
Content
image-20220526135940-16.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +32.9 KB
Content
image-20220526140015-17.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +24.4 KB
Content
image-20220526140044-18.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +42.0 KB
Content
image-20220526140132-19.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +60.2 KB
Content
image-20220526140205-20.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +77.6 KB
Content
image-20220526140251-21.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +67.9 KB
Content
image-20220526140347-22.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +63.0 KB
Content
image-20220526140420-23.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +77.4 KB
Content
image-20220526140452-24.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +32.4 KB
Content
image-20220526140708-25.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +827.1 KB
Content
image-20220526140856-26.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +114.9 KB
Content
image-20220526140936-27.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +103.1 KB
Content
image-20220526141021-28.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +74.8 KB
Content
image-20220526141052-29.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +84.1 KB
Content
image-20220526141116-30.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +10.1 KB
Content
image-20220526141149-31.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +59.0 KB
Content
image-20220526141236-32.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +114.0 KB
Content
image-20220526141308-33.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +90.1 KB
Content
image-20220526141350-34.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +78.7 KB
Content
image-20220526141612-36.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +78.2 KB
Content
image-20220526141739-37.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +288.0 KB
Content
image-20220526141823-38.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +197.3 KB
Content
image-20220526141917-39.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +154.2 KB
Content
image-20220526141956-40.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +163.5 KB
Content
image-20220526142033-41.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +25.2 KB
Content
image-20220726134642-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +50.0 KB
Content
image-20220726135759-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +14.5 KB
Content
image-20220726135827-3.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +14.1 KB
Content
image-20220829153628-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +173.3 KB
Content
image-20220829153716-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +173.6 KB
Content
image-20220829155610-3.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +79.4 KB
Content
image-20220829160114-4.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160115-5.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160115-6.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160116-7.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160116-8.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160116-9.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160125-41.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160128-57.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160130-65.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160132-77.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160132-78.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160133-81.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160134-86.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160134-90.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160145-146.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160145-147.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160145-148.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160145-149.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160145-150.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160145-151.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160145-152.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160145-153.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160146-154.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160146-155.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160146-156.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160146-157.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160146-158.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160146-159.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160146-160.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160146-161.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160146-162.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160146-163.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160146-164.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160146-165.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160146-166.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160146-167.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160147-168.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160147-169.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160147-170.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160147-171.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160147-172.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160147-173.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160147-174.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160147-175.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160147-176.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160147-177.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160147-178.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160147-179.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160147-180.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160147-181.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160147-182.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160148-183.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160148-184.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160148-185.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160148-186.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829160224-187.jpeg
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +161.0 KB
Content
image-20220829164358-188.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +176.0 KB
Content
image-20220829164652-189.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +148.8 KB
Content
image-20220913134247-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +23.6 KB
Content
image-20220913153442-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +37.2 KB
Content
image-20220914101543-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +148.7 KB
Content
image-20220914103142-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +174.7 KB
Content
image-20220914103303-3.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +159.0 KB
Content
image-20220914140841-4.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +283.8 KB
Content
image-20220914140918-5.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +284.6 KB
Content
image-20220914141502-6.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +87.7 KB
Content
image-20220914142021-7.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +81.3 KB
Content
image-20221018100743-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +98.5 KB
Content
image-20221018100947-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +130.6 KB
Content
image-20221018101102-3.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +90.5 KB
Content
image-20230221135445-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +37.6 KB
Content
image-20230221135520-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +4.4 KB
Content
image-20230221135810-3.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +33.2 KB
Content
image-20230221140131-4.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +58.0 KB
Content
image-20230221140327-5.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +42.7 KB
Content
image-20230221140448-6.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +42.9 KB
Content
image-20230221164647-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +59.6 KB
Content
image-20230221164809-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +59.9 KB
Content
image-20230423154012-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +140.9 KB
Content
image-20230423154040-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +141.0 KB
Content
image-20230423154105-3.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +188.5 KB
Content
image-20230423154125-4.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +102.1 KB
Content
image-20230728143343-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +43.2 KB
Content
image-20230728143449-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +43.2 KB
Content
image-20230728143505-3.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +16.7 KB
Content
image-20230728144218-7.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoye
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +12.7 KB
Content
image-20230728145557-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +53.6 KB
Content
image-20230728150521-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +73.9 KB
Content
image-20230728151807-3.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +149.0 KB
Content
image-20231019113039-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +71.3 KB
Content
image-20231019113131-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +207.7 KB
Content
image-20231019113137-3.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +207.7 KB
Content
image-20231019113212-4.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Bei
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +168.8 KB
Content
image-20231121092510-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +126.5 KB
Content
image-20231121092543-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +121.0 KB
Content
image-20231121092627-3.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Kilight
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +125.3 KB
Content
image-20240117170517-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Edwin
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +63.1 KB
Content
image-20240325082631-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Edwin
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +55.9 KB
Content
image-20240325082714-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Edwin
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +55.9 KB
Content
image-20240820171935-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.ting
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +92.6 KB
Content
image-20240820172327-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.ting
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +79.9 KB
Content
image-20240820172513-3.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.ting
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +45.8 KB
Content