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1		-{{box cssClass="floatinginfobox" title="**Contents**"}}
	1	+**Contents:**
	2	+
2	2	{{toc/}}
3		-{{/box}}
4	4
5		-= Paragraph 1 =
	5	+= 1. Introduction =
6	6
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	7	+The ChirpStack open-source LoRaWAN Network Server stack provides open-source components for LoRaWAN networks And the Chirpstack supports the users in building a private LoRaWAN Server. For more info please refer to this [[link>>url:https://www.chirpstack.io/]]
8	8
9		-== Sub-paragraph ==
	9	+The dragino gateway can connect the ChirpStack server via Semtech UDP or Semtech Basic Station.
10	10
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	11	+**Prerequisite**
12	12
13		-== Sub-paragraph ==
	13	+1) Have a Chirstack Server.
14	14
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	15	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/f/f4/ChirpStack_home_page.png/600px-ChirpStack_home_page.png||height="320" width="600"]]
16	16
17		-=== Sub-sub paragraph ===
	17	+ChirpStack home page
18	18
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	19	+2) Gateway model support
20	20
	21	+(% class="box" %)
	22	+(((
	23	+Semtech UDP : **All Model**
	24	+Basic Station : , ,
	25	+**Note** : the firmware needs >  if use the Bais station
	26	+)))
21	21
22		-= Paragraph 2 =
	28	+= 2. Semtech UDP =
23	23
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	30	+== 2.1 Step 1. Add the Network-servers ==
25	25
26		-== Sub-paragraph ==
	32	+The network-Servers address varies depending on the ChirpStack server setup environment
27	27
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	34	+(% class="box" %)
	35	+(((
	36	+ Windows       ~-~->Network-server server * : localhost:8000
	37	+ Linux         ~-~->Network-server server * : chirpstack-network-server:8000
	38	+)))
29	29
30		-== Sub-paragraph ==
	40	+If the user cannot add network-Servers, re-check the ChirpStack code or the server building process.
31	31
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	42	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/6/6b/Add_the_Network-servers.png/600px-Add_the_Network-servers.png||height="363" width="600"]]
	43	+
	44	+Add the Network-servers
	45	+
	46	+== 2.2 Step 2. Create Gateway-profiles ==
	47	+
	48	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/a/a9/Create_Gateway-profiles.png/600px-Create_Gateway-profiles.png||height="363" width="600"]]
	49	+
	50	+Create Gateway-profiles
	51	+
	52	+== 2.3 Step 3. Create Service-profiles ==
	53	+
	54	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/1/1f/Create_Service-profiles.png/600px-Create_Service-profiles.png||height="363" width="600"]]
	55	+
	56	+Create Service-profiles
	57	+
	58	+In Step 3. Create Service-profiles, the above parameters can be set. If necessary, you can set them by yourself. This is only an example.
	59	+
	60	+Note : Before add the gateway, the user needs to complete the preceding three steps.
	61	+
	62	+If the user has completed the preceding steps, proceed to the next step.
	63	+
	64	+== 2.4 Step 4. Add the gateway ==
	65	+
	66	+The example gateway id is: a840411e96744150
	67	+
	68	+Note : The Gateway EUI and server addresses must match the ChirpStack configuration.
	69	+
	70	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/c/c6/Add_the_gateway.png/600px-Add_the_gateway.png||height="363" width="600"]]
	71	+
	72	+Add the gateway
	73	+
	74	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/1/14/ChirpStack_Configure_the_gateway.png/600px-ChirpStack_Configure_the_gateway.png||height="304" width="600"]]
	75	+
	76	+Configure the gateway
	77	+
	78	+== 2.5 Step 5. Checking gateway Status ==
	79	+
	80	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/2/2c/Gateway_Status_cao_1.png/600px-Gateway_Status_cao_1.png||height="363" width="600"]]
	81	+
	82	+gateway Status
	83	+
	84	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/1/11/Gateway_Status_cao_2.png/600px-Gateway_Status_cao_2.png||height="363" width="600"]]
	85	+
	86	+gateway Status
	87	+
	88	+= 3. Semtech Basic Station =
	89	+
	90	+= 4. Downlink =
	91	+
	92	+== 4.1 Chirpstack Downlink Note ==
	93	+
	94	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/b/ba/ChirpStack_Down_5.png/600px-ChirpStack_Down_5.png||height="293" width="600"]]
	95	+
	96	+Convert the data to Base64
	97	+
	98	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/2/2c/ChirpStack_Down_6.png/600px-ChirpStack_Down_6.png||height="300" width="600"]]
	99	+
	100	+Check ChripStack downlink DataRate
	101	+
	102	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/d/dc/ChirpStack_Down_7.png/600px-ChirpStack_Down_7.png||height="711" width="600"]]
	103	+
	104	+Make sure the RX2DR is the same in the end node
	105	+
	106	+== 4.2 Loraserver Downlink Note ==
	107	+
	108	+User can use MQTT to send downlink payload to ChirpStack to perform downstream to LoRaWAN End
	109	+
	110	+Below is examples:
	111	+
	112	+{{{Connect to your server via MQTT：
	113	+MQTT Client ID: Any
	114	+Protocol：mqtt/tcp Server IP：loraserver_ip:1883
	115	+User name: User name Password: password
	116	+}}}
	117	+
	118	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/0/06/ChirpStack_Down_1.png/600px-ChirpStack_Down_1.png||height="578" width="600"]]
	119	+
	120	+MQTT Connect to ChirpStack
	121	+
	122	+After connect
	123	+
	124	+{{{Subscribe : Format：application/ID/device/ Device EUI/rx
	125	+Example: application/7/device/00aedb3da649cb23/rx
	126	+
	127	+Publish:
	128	+Format: Top: application/ID/device/ Device EUI/tx
	129	+Payload: {"confirmed":true or false,"fPort":XX,"data":"xxxx"}
	130	+Example: Top: application/7/device/00aedb3da649cb23/tx
	131	+Payload: {"confirmed":true,"fPort":2,"data":"AwEB"}
	132	+}}}
	133	+
	134	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/c/c8/ChirpStack_Down_2.png/600px-ChirpStack_Down_2.png||height="342" width="600"]]
	135	+
	136	+MQTT Connect to ChirpStack
	137	+
	138	+
	139	+Note: Chirpstack use base64 to downlink, so need to convert the downlink payload from HEX to base64 [[https:~~/~~/base64.us/>>url:https://base64.us/]]
	140	+
	141	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/f/f8/ChirpStack_Down_3.png/600px-ChirpStack_Down_3.png||height="309" width="600"]]
	142	+
	143	+Choose to Use Hex for Encode
	144	+
	145	+If we want send downstream hex 030101 to end node, the BASE64 payload is AwEB
	146	+
	147	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/d/d2/ChirpStack_Down_4.png/600px-ChirpStack_Down_4.png||alt="ChirpStack Down 4.png" height="344" width="600"]]
	148	+
	149	+Downlink payload encode javescript code: 可以在网站上运行以下Javsscript代码：
	150	+
	151	+{{{function sha1_to_base64(sha1)
	152	+{
	153	+ var digits="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
	154	+ var base64_rep = "";
	155	+ var cnt = 0;
	156	+ var bit_arr = 0;
	157	+ var bit_num = 0;
	158	+
	159	+ for(var n = 0; n < sha1.length; ++n)
	160	+ {
	161	+ if(sha1[n] >= 'A' && sha1[n] <= 'Z')
	162	+ {
	163	+ ascv = sha1.charCodeAt(n) - 55;
	164	+ }
	165	+ else if(sha1[n] >= 'a' && sha1[n] <= 'z')
	166	+ {
	167	+ ascv = sha1.charCodeAt(n) - 87;
	168	+ }
	169	+ else
	170	+ {
	171	+ ascv = sha1.charCodeAt(n) - 48;
	172	+ }
	173	+
	174	+ bit_arr = (bit_arr << 4) | ascv;
	175	+ bit_num += 4;
	176	+ if(bit_num >= 6)
	177	+ {
	178	+ bit_num -= 6;
	179	+ base64_rep += digits[bit_arr >>> bit_num];
	180	+ bit_arr &= ~(-1 << bit_num);
	181	+ }
	182	+ }
	183	+
	184	+ if(bit_num > 0)
	185	+ {
	186	+ bit_arr <<= 6 - bit_num;
	187	+ base64_rep += digits[bit_arr];
	188	+ }
	189	+
	190	+ var padding = base64_rep.length % 4;
	191	+
	192	+ if(padding > 0)
	193	+ {
	194	+ for(var n = 0; n < 4 - padding; ++n)
	195	+ {
	196	+ base64_rep += "=";
	197	+ }
	198	+ }
	199	+ return base64_rep;
	200	+}
	201	+
	202	+console.log(sha1_to_base64("data"));
	203	+
	204	+data is downlink payload required by end node.
	205	+ e.g console.log(sha1_to_base64("030101"));
	206	+ ​result: AwEB
	207	+ AwEB is the 0x030101's base 64 Encode.
	208	+
	209	+ ​e.g console.log(sha1_to_base64("030000"));
	210	+ ​result: AwAA
	211	+ AwAA is 0x030000's base 64 Encode.}}}
	212	+
	213	+== 4.3 Add the decode function in Chirpstack for the payload ==
	214	+
	215	+User enters the payload code according to the steps.
	216	+
	217	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/9/9f/Step2.png/600px-Step2.png||alt="Step2.png" height="224" width="600"]]
	218	+
	219	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/0/08/Step3.png/600px-Step3.png||alt="Step3.png" height="289" width="600"]]
	220	+
	221	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/8/83/Step6.png/600px-Step6.png||alt="Step6.png" height="259" width="600"]]
	222	+
	223	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/4/4f/Step5.png/600px-Step5.png||alt="Step5.png" height="221" width="600"]]
	224	+
	225	+= 5. Multiply Uplink in ChirpStack =
	226	+
	227	+nbtrans field is the value to determine the re-transmission time for unconfirmed uplink data.
	228	+
	229	+
	230	+ChirpStack will auto adjust nbtrans according to uplink rssi. [[link to source>>url:https://github.com/brocaar/chirpstack-network-server/blob/master/internal/adr/adr.go]]
	231	+
	232	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/6/63/Nbtrans_1.png/600px-Nbtrans_1.png||alt="Nbtrans 1.png" height="103" width="600"]]
	233	+
	234	+nbtrans is a field of ADR message, in unconfirm mode, it tells end node how many time it needs to transmit for every frame.
	235	+
	236	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/1/17/Nbtrans_2.png/300px-Nbtrans_2.png||alt="Nbtrans 2.png" height="462" width="300"]]
	237	+
	238	+
	239	+Above behaviour will cause the platform shows below two cases of error:
	240	+
	241	+Error of duplicate Frame Counter
	242	+
	243	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/7/7e/Nbtrans_3.png||alt="Nbtrans 3.png" height="677" width="600"]]
	244	+
	245	+Duplicate transmission in short time
	246	+
	247	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/c/c4/Nbtrans_4.png/600px-Nbtrans_4.png||alt="Nbtrans 4.png" height="301" width="600"]]
	248	+
	249	+== 5.1 Solution ==
	250	+
	251	+This example uses the Windows version as a template, other versions can refer to this. Similiar reference: [[https:~~/~~/confluence.alitecs.de/plugins/servlet/mobile?contentId=79790102#content/view/79790102>>url:https://confluence.alitecs.de/plugins/servlet/mobile?contentId=79790102#content/view/79790102]]
	252	+
	253	+~1. Install the GO compilation environment: Download the corresponding version of the Go compiler at [[https:~~/~~/go.dev/dl/>>url:https://go.dev/dl/]] and install it.
	254	+
	255	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/3/37/Chirpstacksolution-1.png||alt="Chirpstacksolution-1.png" height="199" width="554"]]
	256	+
	257	+installation path:
	258	+
	259	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/c/ca/Chirpstacksolution-2.png||alt="Chirpstacksolution-2.png" height="283" width="361"]]
	260	+
	261	+2. Environment variable settings:.
	262	+
	263	+1) Open Computer -> Properties -> Advanced System Settings -> Environment Variables and add a "new" system variable:
	264	+
	265	+2)Set the variable name GOROOT and the variable value C:\Go\ (installation directory)
	266	+
	267	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/f/f9/Chirpstacksolution-3.png||alt="Chirpstacksolution-3.png" height="152" width="554"]]
	268	+
	269	+3)Modify the system variable Path and add C:\Go\bin\:
	270	+
	271	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/1/1b/Chirpstacksolution-4.png||alt="Chirpstacksolution-4.png" height="152" width="554"]]
	272	+
	273	+User variable setting file generation directory: D:\go:
	274	+
	275	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/9/9b/Chirpstacksolution-5.png||alt="Chirpstacksolution-5.png" height="278" width="371"]]
	276	+
	277	+3. Modify the ADR configuration file according to your own needs, adr.setting.go is an example of the ADR configuration file.
	278	+
	279	+The name of the plugin: Example ADR plugin:
	280	+
	281	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/1/12/Chirpstacksolution-6.jpg||alt="Chirpstacksolution-6.jpg" height="89" width="554"]]
	282	+
	283	+Set Nbtrans: Nbtrans=1 (Nbtrans is the number of retransmissions, if it is 1, no retransmission, it is recommended to be 1). To enable it, you need to uncomment.
	284	+
	285	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/2/25/Chirpstacksolution-7.png||alt="Chirpstacksolution-7.png" height="98" width="426"]]
	286	+
	287	+4. Compile the ADR configuration file and generate the exe file.
	288	+
	289	+1) Create a folder named adr-setting
	290	+
	291	+2) Open the adr-setting folder
	292	+
	293	+3) Put adr.setting.go in this folder.
	294	+
	295	+4) Open the computer cmd and run the following commands in sequencecd adr-setting
	296	+
	297	+go mod init adr-setting
	298	+
	299	+go get github.com/brocaar/chirpstack-network-server/v3/adr
	300	+
	301	+go get github.com/hashicorp/go-plugin
	302	+
	303	+go get adr-setting
	304	+
	305	+go build
	306	+
	307	+5) Finally generate this file：
	308	+
	309	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/6/66/Chirpstacksolution-8.png||alt="Chirpstacksolution-8.png" height="96" width="554"]]
	310	+
	311	+5. Add the plugin and run the plugin.
	312	+
	313	+The exe file generated in the previous step is placed in the same root directory as chirpstack-network-server.toml, and the ADR plugin is added to the toml file. The location of the addition is as follows:
	314	+
	315	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/8/82/Chirpstacksolution-9.png||alt="Chirpstacksolution-9.png" height="73" width="554"]]
	316	+
	317	+For example: adr_plugins=[“adr-setting”]
	318	+
	319	+* Adding a single plugin format is adr_plugins=["filename"]
	320	+
	321	+* Adding multiple plugins The format is adr_plugins=["file name 1", "file name 2",...]
	322	+
	323	+Finally, re-run chirpstack-network-server.exe, and then select the plugin you just compiled in Device-profiles,
	324	+
	325	+[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/3/39/Chirpstacksolution-10.png||alt="Chirpstacksolution-10.png" height="275" width="554"]]
	326	+
	327	+Finish.
	328	+
	329	+= 6. Trouble Shooting =
	330	+
	331	+== 6.1 MIC Mismatch or MIC Failed ==
	332	+
	333	+When the device is registered or the device is working normally, the problem of MIC mismatch and MIC failed occurs.
	334	+
	335	+Under normal circumstances, users need to change the APPKEY to solve this problem.