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Last modified by Xiaoling on 2025/05/05 08:51
From version 91.1
edited by Mengting Qiu
on 2024/01/29 19:33
Change comment: There is no comment for this version
To version 101.1
edited by Bei Jinggeng
on 2025/04/29 13:57
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

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163 163  )))
164 164  
165 165  
166 -= 4. Transmision on ABP Mode =
166 += 4. Why i see packet lost =
167 167  
168 +== **1. Signal problem** ==
168 168  
170 +
171 +1)  (% style="color:blue" %)**ADR automatic adjustment** (%%)
172 +
173 +Reason:
174 +
175 +When the signal is at a critical value, the server may configure the node to adjust to a lower power DR.
176 +At this time, the server is at risk of losing uplink.
177 +
178 +
179 +Solution:
180 +
181 +Users can manually fix the DR value.
182 +
183 +
184 +(% style="color:red" %)
185 +**Notice:**
186 +
187 +* User need to set Adaptive Data Rate(ADR)=0 first. otherwise device will respond to server's ADR command and change the DR according to server auto-adjustment.
188 +
189 +* Data Rate specifies Spreading Factor. The mapping varies in different frequency bands. User can check this link for detail. [[rp2-1.0.3-lorawan-regional-parameters.pdf>>https://lora-alliance.org/resource_hub/rp2-1-0-3-lorawan-regional-parameters/]]
190 +
191 +(% style="color:blue" %)**AT Command: AT+DR**
192 +
193 +(% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:409px" %)
194 +|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:156px" %)**Command Example**|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:147px" %)**Function**|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:100px" %)**Response**
195 +|(% style="width:156px" %)AT+DR=?|(% style="width:147px" %)Get the Data Rate.|(% style="width:100px" %)5(((
196 +OK
197 +)))
198 +|(% style="width:156px" %)AT+DR=2|(% style="width:147px" %)Set the Data Rate.|(% style="width:100px" %)OK(((
199 +
200 +)))
201 +
202 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink Command: 0x2200aaFF**
203 +
204 +If the downlink payload=220001FF, it means setting the data rate to 1, while type code is 22 00 aa FF.
205 +
206 +* **Example 1**: Downlink Payload: **220001FF**  ~/~/ Set AT+DR=1.
207 +
208 +* **Example 2**: Downlink Payload: **220000FF**  ~/~/ Set AT+DR=0.
209 +
210 +(% style="display:none" %) (%%)
211 +
212 +
213 +2)  (% style="color:blue" %)**Node antenna problem**
214 +
215 +Reason:
216 +
217 +Node antenna is loose
218 +
219 +
220 +Solution:
221 +
222 +Please check whether the antenna interface and module interface are detached
223 +
224 +[[image:image-20250429114526-1.png||height="429" width="303"]]
225 +
226 +
227 +
228 +3) (% style="color:blue" %)**Gateway antenna problem**
229 +
230 +Reason:
231 +Gateway uses antenna with wrong frequency band
232 +
233 +For example: 868-band gateway uses antenna with 915-band, which will cause the signal to be greatly reduced
234 +
235 +
236 +Solution:
237 +
238 +Please check whether the silk screen on the antenna conflicts with the frequency you set.
239 +
240 +[[image:image-20250429115124-2.png]][[image:image-20250429115159-3.png||height="550" width="224"]]
241 +
242 +
243 +4) (% style="color:blue" %)**Gateway module problem**
244 +
245 +Reason:
246 +
247 +Gateway uses module with wrong frequency band
248 +For example: 868-band gateway uses module with 915-band, which will cause the signal to be greatly reduced
249 +
250 +
251 +Solution:
252 +
253 +Please check whether the silkscreen of the module conflicts with the frequency you set.
254 +
255 +[[image:image-20250429115951-5.png||height="288" width="384"]][[image:image-20250429133640-7.png||height="284" width="378"]]
256 +
257 +
258 +== **2. Frequency point problem** ==
259 +
260 +Reason:
261 +
262 +There are multiple frequency configurations in AS923/US915/AU915/CN470.
263 +
264 +The frequency point of the gateway or server is wrong or missing.
265 +
266 +
267 +Solution:
268 +
269 +Users need to check whether the server or gateway configuration is missing or has an incorrect frequency.
270 +
271 +The frequency range used in the dragino node is as follows
272 +
273 +
274 +== **3. Frequency band problem** ==
275 +
276 +Reason:
277 +
278 +When there are multiple gateways, the node cannot lock the frequency band.
279 +
280 +
281 +Solution:
282 +
169 169  (((
284 +By default, the frequency bands US915, AU915, CN470 work in 72 frequencies. Many gateways are 8 channel gateways, and in this case, the OTAA join time and uplink schedule is long and unpredictable while the end node is hopping in 72 frequencies.
285 +)))
286 +
287 +(((
288 +You can configure the end node to work in 8 channel mode by using the AT+CHE command. The 500kHz channels are always included for OTAA.
289 +)))
290 +
291 +(((
292 +
293 +)))
294 +
295 +(((
296 +For example, in (% style="color:blue" %)**US915**(%%) band, the frequency table is as below. By default, the end node will use all channels (0~~71) for OTAA Join process. After the OTAA Join, the end node will use these all channels (0~~71) to send uplink packets.
297 +)))
298 +
299 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LSN50%20%26%20LSN50-V2%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Sensor%20Node%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220627160940-13.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220627160940-13.png"]]
300 +
301 +
302 +(((
303 +When you use the TTN V3 network, the US915 frequency bands use are:
304 +)))
305 +
306 +* (((
307 +903.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
308 +)))
309 +* (((
310 +904.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
311 +)))
312 +* (((
313 +904.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
314 +)))
315 +* (((
316 +904.5 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
317 +)))
318 +* (((
319 +904.7 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
320 +)))
321 +* (((
322 +904.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
323 +)))
324 +* (((
325 +905.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
326 +)))
327 +* (((
328 +905.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
329 +)))
330 +* (((
331 +904.6 - SF8BW500
332 +)))
333 +
334 +(((
335 +Because the end node is now hopping in 72 frequency, it makes it difficult for the devices to Join the TTN V3 network and uplink data. To solve this issue, you can access the device via the AT commands and run:
336 +)))
337 +
338 +(((
339 +(% style="color:blue" %)**AT+CHE=2**
340 +)))
341 +
342 +(((
343 +(% style="color:blue" %)**ATZ**
344 +)))
345 +
346 +
347 +(((
348 +to set the end node to work in 8 channel mode. The device will work in Channel 8-15 & 64-71 for OTAA, and channel 8-15 for Uplink.
349 +)))
350 +
351 +(((
352 +The (% style="color:blue" %)**AU915**(%%) band is similar. Below are the AU915 Uplink Channels.
353 +
354 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LSN50%20%26%20LSN50-V2%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Sensor%20Node%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220627161124-14.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220627161124-14.png"]]
355 +
356 +
357 +)))
358 +
359 += 5. Transmision on ABP Mode =
360 +
361 +
362 +(((
170 170  In ABP mode, there is a Frame Counter Checks. With this check enabled, the server will only accept the frame with a higher counter. If you reboot the device in ABP mode, the device will start from count 0, so you won't be able to see the frame update in server.
171 171  )))
172 172  
... ... @@ -185,15 +185,20 @@
185 185  Disable Frame Counter Check in ABP Mode
186 186  
187 187  
188 -= 5. Downstream Debug =
381 += 6. Downstream Debug =
189 189  
190 -== 5.1 How it work ==
383 +== 6.1 How it work ==
191 191  
192 192  
193 193  LoRaWAN End node will open two receive windows to receive the downstream data. If the downstream packets arrive the end node at these receive windows, the end node will be able to get this packet and process it.
194 194  
195 195  (((
196 -Depends on Class A or Class C, the receive windows will be a little difference.
389 +Depends on Class A or Class C, the receive windows will be a little difference. The main difference between Class A and Class C:
390 +
391 +* **Class A** : Suitable for Battery powered end node. Class A will save a lot of power but it can only receive downlink after each uplink
392 +* **Class C**: End node can receive downlink immediately but have higher power consumption.
393 +
394 +
197 197  )))
198 198  
199 199  [[image:image-20220531161828-1.png]]
... ... @@ -213,7 +213,7 @@
213 213  
214 214  * This packet must match the DataRate of RX1(RX1DR) or RX2 (RX2DR). (% style="color:red" %)**This is the common fail point, because different lorawan server might use different RX2DR and they don't info End Node via ADR message so cause the mismatch. If this happen, user need to change the RX2DR to the right value in end node. In OTAA, LoRaWAN Server will send the RX2DR setting in Join Accept message so the end node will auto adjust. but ABP uplink doesn't support this auto change.**
215 215  
216 -== 5.2 See Debug Info ==
414 +== 6.2 See Debug Info ==
217 217  
218 218  
219 219  (((
... ... @@ -318,7 +318,7 @@
318 318   1:0012345678}}}
319 319  
320 320  
321 -== 5.3 If problem doesn't solve ==
519 +== 6.3 If problem doesn't solve ==
322 322  
323 323  
324 324  (% style="color:red" %)**If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the sceenshots for each step to check. They include:**
... ... @@ -331,7 +331,7 @@
331 331  
332 332  * End Node traffic (from server UI) to shows end node activity in server.
333 333  
334 -= 6. Downlink Issue ~-~- Packet REJECTED, unsupported frequency =
532 += 7. Downlink Issue ~-~- Packet REJECTED, unsupported frequency =
335 335  
336 336  
337 337  (((
... ... @@ -357,7 +357,7 @@
357 357  )))
358 358  
359 359  
360 -= 7. Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet =
558 += 8. Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet =
361 361  
362 362  
363 363  (% style="color:blue" %)**1. LHT65N End device configure:**
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427 427  
428 428  
429 429  
430 -= 8. Why I see uplink 0x00 periodically on the LHT65 v1.8 firmware =
628 += 9. Why I see uplink 0x00 periodically on the LHT65 v1.8 firmware =
431 431  
432 432  
433 433  Since firmware v1.8, LHT65 will send MAC command to request time, in the case if DR only support max 11 bytes, this MAC command will be bundled to a separate uplink payload with 0x00.
434 434  
435 435  
436 -= 9. Why do I see a "MIC Mismatch" error message from the server? =
634 += 10. Why do I see a "MIC Mismatch" error message from the server? =
437 437  
438 438  
439 439  (((
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471 471  4）We have had cases where it was automatically fixed the next day despite no manual changes, probably a server side issue
472 472  
473 473  
474 -= 10. Why I got the payload only with "0x00" or "AA~=~="? =
672 += 11. Why I got the payload only with "0x00" or "AA~=~="? =
475 475  
476 476  
477 477  (% style="color:blue" %)**Why sensor sends 0x00?**
... ... @@ -505,7 +505,7 @@
505 505  Some node decoders may not have the filter function, or you need decoders of other servers and formats. Please send an email to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]]
506 506  
507 507  
508 -= 11. Why my Dev EUI and APP EUI is 0x000000000000, how to solve? =
706 += 12. Why my Dev EUI and APP EUI is 0x000000000000, how to solve? =
509 509  
510 510  
511 511  (((
... ... @@ -566,7 +566,7 @@
566 566  (Any combination of 16 bit codes can be used）
567 567  
568 568  
569 -= 12. I set my device is LoRaWAN Class C mode, why I still see Class A after boot? =
767 += 13. I set my device is LoRaWAN Class C mode, why I still see Class A after boot? =
570 570  )))
571 571  
572 572  
... ... @@ -573,7 +573,7 @@
573 573  Class C only refers to status after OTAA Join successfully. The OTAA Join Process will use Class A mode.
574 574  
575 575  
576 -= 13. Why it takes longer time for OTAA joined in US915/CN470/AU915 band? =
774 += 14. Why it takes longer time for OTAA joined in US915/CN470/AU915 band? =
577 577  
578 578  
579 579  In US915, AU915 or CN470 frequency band, there are 8 sub-bands, totally 72 channels. and LoRaWAN server normally use only one sub-band, for example Sub-band 2 in TTN. The gateway also configured to Sub-band 2 and cover eight channels in this sub-band. If the end node transfer data in Sub-band 2, it will reach to gateway and to the LoRaWAN server. If the end node transfer packets in other sub-bands, for example sub-band 1, the packet won't arrive both gateway or LoRaWAN server.
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