Last modified by Edwin Chen on 2025/01/29 20:30
<
From version < 70.1 >
edited by Mengting Qiu
on 2024/01/29 17:05
To version < 47.1 >
edited by Mengting Qiu
on 2024/01/23 16:18
>
Change comment: Uploaded new attachment "image-20240123161853-6.png", version {1}

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... ... @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
4 4  
5 5  
6 6  
7 -= 1. Join process page check =
7 += 1.(% style="display:none" %) (%%) OTAA Join Process Debug =
8 8  
9 9  
10 10  These pages are useful to check what is wrong on the Join process. Below shows the four steps that we can check the Join Process.
... ... @@ -26,11 +26,12 @@
26 26  
27 27  * What frequency the device is sending?
28 28  
29 -[[image:image-20240129142147-2.png||height="736" width="964"]]
29 +[[image:image-20220526164956-15.png||height="591" width="1153"]]
30 30  
31 -Console Output from End device to see the transmit frequency.
31 +Console Output from End device to see the transmit frequency
32 32  
33 33  
34 +
34 34  (% style="color:blue" %)**2. Gateway packet traffic in gateway web or ssh. we can check:**
35 35  
36 36  * If the gateway receive the Join request packet from sensor? (If this fail, check if the gateway and sensor works on the match frequency)
... ... @@ -37,36 +37,38 @@
37 37  
38 38  * If the gateway gets the Join Accept message from server and transmit it via LoRa?
39 39  
40 -[[image:image-20240129151608-6.jpeg||height="725" width="1256"]]
41 +[[image:image-20220526163608-2.png]]
41 41  
42 42  Console Output from Gateway to see packets between end node and server.
43 43  
44 44  
45 -(% style="color:blue" %)**3. Gateway Live data in LoRaWAN Server**
46 46  
47 -* Does the gateway real-time data contain information about Join Request? If not, check the internet connection and gateway LoRaWAN server Settings.
47 +(% style="color:blue" %)**3. Gateway Traffic Page in LoRaWAN Server**
48 48  
49 -* Does the server send back a Join Accept for the Join Request? If not, check that the key from the device matches the key you put into the server, or try to choose a different server route for that end device.
49 +* If the Join Request packet arrive the gateway traffic in server? If not, check the internet connection and gateway LoRaWAN server settings.
50 50  
51 +* If the server send back a Join Accept for the Join Request? if not, check if the keys from the device match the keys you put in the server, or try to choose a different server route for this end device.
52 +
51 51  * If the Join Accept message are in correct frequency? If you set the server to use US915 band, and your end node and gateway is EU868, you will see the Join Accept message are in US915 band so no possible to Join success.
52 52  
53 -[[image:image-20240129150821-5.jpeg||height="522" width="1264"]]
55 +[[image:image-20220526163633-3.png]]
54 54  
55 -The Traffic for the End node in the server, use TTN as example.
57 +The Traffic for the End node in the server, use TTN as example
56 56  
57 57  
60 +
58 58  (% style="color:blue" %)**4. Data Page in LoRaWAN server**
59 59  
60 60  * If this data page shows the Join Request message from the end node? If not, most properly you have wrong settings in the keys. Keys in the server doesn't match the keys in End Node.
61 61  
62 -[[image:image-20240129142557-3.png||height="488" width="1267"]]
65 +[[image:image-20220526163704-4.png]]
63 63  
64 64  The data for the end device set in server
65 65  
66 66  
67 -[[image:image-20240129142631-4.png||height="637" width="1256"]]
70 +[[image:image-20220526163732-5.png]]
68 68  
69 -Check if OTAA Keys match the keys in device.
72 +Check if OTAA Keys match the keys in device
70 70  
71 71  
72 72  = 2. Notice of US915/CN470/AU915 Frequency band =
... ... @@ -73,17 +73,17 @@
73 73  
74 74  
75 75  (((
76 -If user has problem to work with LoRaWAN server in band US915/AU915/CN470, he can check:
79 +If user has problem to work with lorawan server in band US915/AU915/CN470, he can check:
77 77  )))
78 78  
79 79  * (((
80 -What **sub-band** the server support?
83 +What **sub-band** the server support ?
81 81  )))
82 82  * (((
83 -What is the **sub-band** the gateway support?
86 +What is the **sub-band** the gateway support ?
84 84  )))
85 85  * (((
86 -What is the **sub-band** the end node is using?
89 +What is the **sub-band** the end node is using ?
87 87  )))
88 88  
89 89  (((
... ... @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
95 95  )))
96 96  
97 97  (((
98 -In LoRaWAN protocol, the frequency bands US915, AU915, CN470 each includes at least 72 frequencies. Many gateways support only 8 or 16 frequencies, and server might support 8 frequency only. In this case, the OTAA join time and uplink schedule is long and unpredictable while the end node is hopping in 72 frequencies, because the end node will send data in many frequency that the gateway or server doesn't support.
101 +In LoRaWAN protocol, the frequency bands US915, AU915, CN470 each includes at least 72 frequencies. Many gateways support only 8 or 16 frequencies, and server might support 8 frequency only. In this case, the OTAA join time and uplink schedule is long and unpredictable while the end node is hopping in 72 frequencies, because the end node will send data in many frequency that the gateway or server doesn,t support.
99 99  )))
100 100  
101 101  (((
... ... @@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
103 103  )))
104 104  
105 105  (((
106 -Here are the frequency tables for these bands as reference:
109 +Here are the freuqency tables for these bands as reference:
107 107  )))
108 108  
109 109  [[image:image-20220526163801-6.png]]
... ... @@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
128 128  If we look at the [[TTN network server frequency plan>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html]], we can see the US915 frequency band use the channel 8~~15.So the End Node must work at the same frequency in US915 8~~15 channels for TTN server.
129 129  )))
130 130  
131 -[[image:image-20240123151225-3.png||height="434" width="902"]]
134 +[[image:image-20220526164052-9.png]]
132 132  
133 133  (((
134 134  TTN FREQUENCY PLAN
... ... @@ -142,7 +142,7 @@
142 142  
143 143  (% style="display:none" %) (%%)
144 144  
145 -= 3. Why I see data lost/ is not periodically uplink？ Even the signal strength is good =
148 += 3. Why i see data lost/unperiocially uplink data? Even the signal strength is good =
146 146  
147 147  
148 148  In this case, we can check if the frequency band matches in End Node, Gateway and LoRaWAN server. A typical case is using US915 in ChirpStack server as below:
... ... @@ -176,11 +176,9 @@
176 176  
177 177  (((
178 178  To solve this, disable the Frame Counter Check will solve this issue , or reset the frame counter in the device page.
179 -
180 -[[image:image-20240123161737-4.png||height="395" width="763"]]
181 181  )))
182 182  
183 -[[image:image-20240123161853-6.png||height="599" width="771"]]
184 +[[image:image-20220526164508-10.png]]
184 184  
185 185  Disable Frame Counter Check in ABP Mode
186 186  
... ... @@ -193,7 +193,7 @@
193 193  LoRaWAN End node will open two receive windows to receive the downstream data. If the downstream packets arrive the end node at these receive windows, the end node will be able to get this packet and process it.
194 194  
195 195  (((
196 -Depends on Class A or Class C, the receive windows will be a little difference.
197 +Depends on Class A or Class C, the receive windows will be a little difference,
197 197  )))
198 198  
199 199  [[image:image-20220531161828-1.png]]
... ... @@ -225,27 +225,24 @@
225 225  )))
226 226  
227 227  (((
228 -Configure a downlink to the end device
229 -
230 -[[image:image-20240129152412-8.png||height="486" width="1206"]]
229 +Configure a downstream to the end device
231 231  )))
232 232  
232 +[[image:image-20220526164623-12.png]]
233 233  
234 234  (((
235 235  Set a downstream in TTN and see it is sent
236 236  )))
237 237  
238 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note: After the downlink command is successfully sent from the platform to the node, the downlink command is executed only after the platform receives the next uplink package from the node.**
239 239  
240 -
241 241  (((
242 -This downlink info will then pass to the gateway downlink list. and the DR which is used (SF7BW500) in US915 is DR5.
240 +This downstream info will then pass to the gateway downstream list. and include the DR which is used (SF9BW125) in EU868 is DR3
243 243  )))
244 244  
245 -[[image:image-20240129152049-7.png||height="463" width="1166"]]
243 +[[image:image-20220526164650-13.png]]
246 246  
247 247  (((
248 -Gateway Traffic can see this downlink info
246 +Gateway Traffic can see this downstream info
249 249  )))
250 250  
251 251  
... ... @@ -255,10 +255,10 @@
255 255  )))
256 256  
257 257  (((
258 -When the downlink packet appear on the traffic of Gateway page. The LoRaWAN gateway can get it from LoRaWAN server and transmit it. In Dragino Gateway, this can be checked by running "logread -f" in the SSH console. and see below:
256 +When the downstream packet appear on the traffic of Gateway page. The LoRaWAN gateway can get it from LoRaWAN server and transmit it. In Dragion Gateway, this can be checked by runinng "logread -f" in the SSH console. and see below:
259 259  )))
260 260  
261 -[[image:image-20240129154321-9.png]]
259 +[[image:image-20220526164734-14.png]]
262 262  
263 263  (((
264 264  Gateway Sent out this packet
... ... @@ -335,7 +335,7 @@
335 335  
336 336  
337 337  (((
338 -In LoRaWAN, the gateway will use the frequency specify by the server to transmit a packet as downlink purpose. Each Frequency band has different downlink frequency. and the gateway has a frequency range limited to transmit downlink.
336 +In LoRaWAN, the gatewat will use the frequency specify by the server to transmit a packet as downlink purpose. Each Frequency band has different downlink frequency. and the gateway has a frequency range limited to transmit downlink.
339 339  )))
340 340  
341 341  (((
... ... @@ -360,47 +360,45 @@
360 360  = 7. Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet =
361 361  
362 362  
363 -(% style="color:blue" %)**1. LHT65N End device configure:**
361 +(% style="color:blue" %)**1. LHT65 End device configure:**
364 364  
365 365  **Change to ABP Mode:  AT+NJM=0**
366 366  
367 -**Change to fix frequency:  ​​​​AT+CHE=1**
365 +**Change to fix frequency:  AT+CHS=904900000**
368 368  
367 +**Change to fix DR:  AT+DR=0**
369 369  
370 -**AT+CFG(Print configuration):**
371 371  
372 -[[image:image-20240129163714-2.png]][[image:image-20240129163741-3.png]]
370 +[[image:image-20220526165525-16.png]]
373 373  
374 374  
375 375  
376 -**Configuration: **
374 +(% style="color:blue" %)**2. In LG02 , configure to receive above message**
377 377  
378 -[[image:image-20240129164219-4.png||height="612" width="440"]]
376 +[[image:image-20220526165612-17.png]]
379 379  
380 380  
379 +In LG02 console, we can see the hex receive are:
381 381  
382 -(% style="color:blue" %)**2. In LPS8-v2, configure to receive above message**
381 +[[image:image-20220526171112-21.png]]
383 383  
384 -[[image:image-20240129164326-5.png||height="506" width="1114"]]
385 385  
386 386  
387 -In LPS8-v2 console, we can see the Base64 receive are:
385 +(% style="color:blue" %)**3. Decode the info in web**
388 388  
389 -[[image:image-20240129170137-6.png||height="459" width="1116"]]
387 +[[https:~~/~~/lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh>>url:https://lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh/]]
390 390  
391 -
392 -
393 -(% style="color:blue" %)**3. Decode the info **
394 -
395 395  Need these three fields:
396 396  
397 -LoRa packet Base64 format:  QP~/~/~/~/+AFQACZv8Hjmc8gFTAkhMzU+75 (from LPS8-v2)
391 +LoRa packet hex format: 40c1190126800100024926272bf18bbb6341584e27e23245 (from LG02)
398 398  
399 -AT+NWKSKEY=FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF (End node Network Session Key)
393 +AT+NWKSKEY=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 11 (End node Network Session Key)
400 400  
401 -AT+APPSKEY=FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF (End Node App Session Key)
395 +AT+APPSKEY=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 11 (End Node App Session Key)
402 402  
403 403  
398 +[[https:~~/~~/lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh/?data=40c1190126800100024926272bf18bbb6341584e27e23245&nwkskey=00000000000000000000000000000111&appskey=00000000000000000000000000000111>>url:https://lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh/?data=40c1190126800100024926272bf18bbb6341584e27e23245&nwkskey=00000000000000000000000000000111&appskey=00000000000000000000000000000111]]
399 +
404 404  [[image:image-20220526171029-20.png]]
405 405  
406 406  (((
... ... @@ -408,7 +408,7 @@
408 408  )))
409 409  
410 410  
411 -= 8. Why I see uplink 0x00 periodically on the LHT65 v1.8 firmware =
407 += 8. Why i see uplink 0x00 periodcally on the LHT65 v1.8 firmware =
412 412  
413 413  
414 414  Since firmware v1.8, LHT65 will send MAC command to request time, in the case if DR only support max 11 bytes, this MAC command will be bundled to a separate uplink payload with 0x00.
... ... @@ -452,7 +452,7 @@
452 452  4）We have had cases where it was automatically fixed the next day despite no manual changes, probably a server side issue
453 453  
454 454  
455 -= 10. Why I got the payload only with "0x00" or "AA~=~="? =
451 += 10. Why i got the payload only with "0x00" or "AA~=~="? =
456 456  
457 457  
458 458  (% style="color:blue" %)**Why sensor sends 0x00?**
... ... @@ -547,7 +547,7 @@
547 547  (Any combination of 16 bit codes can be used）
548 548  
549 549  
550 -= 12. I set my device is LoRaWAN Class C mode, why I still see Class A after boot? =
546 += 12. I set my device is LoRaWAN Class C mode, why i still see Class A after boot? =
551 551  )))
552 552  
553 553  
... ... @@ -557,24 +557,27 @@
557 557  = 13. Why it takes longer time for OTAA joined in US915/CN470/AU915 band? =
558 558  
559 559  
560 -In US915, AU915 or CN470 frequency band, there are 8 sub-bands, totally 72 channels. and LoRaWAN server normally use only one sub-band, for example Sub-band 2 in TTN. The gateway also configured to Sub-band 2 and cover eight channels in this sub-band. If the end node transfer data in Sub-band 2, it will reach to gateway and to the LoRaWAN server. If the end node transfer packets in other sub-bands, for example sub-band 1, the packet won't arrive both gateway or LoRaWAN server.
556 +In US915, AU915 or CN470 frequency band, there are 8 subbands, totally 72 channels. and LoRaWAN server normally use only one sub-band, for example Subband 2 in TTN. The gateway also configured to Subband 2 and cover eight channels in this subband. If the end node transfer data in Subband 2, it will reach to gateway and to the LoRaWAN server. If the end node transfer packets in other subbands, for example subband 1, the packet won't arrive both gateway or LoRaWAN server.
561 561  
562 562  
563 -In Dragino Sensors old version firmware (before early 2022), the sub-band is fixed the sub-band to 2 , but this cause a problem, the end node is hard to use in other subband and need program. So the new logic is as below:
559 +In Dragino Sensors old version firmware (before early 2022), the subband is fixed the subband to 2 , but this cause a problem, the end node is hard to use in other subband and need program. So the new logic is as below:
564 564  
565 -We have improved this, the end node will use frequency 1 from sub-band1, then frequency 1 from sub-band2, then frequency 1 from sub-band3, etc to process the OTAA join, in this case, in this case, the end node can support LoRaWAN servers with different sub-bands. To make sure the end node will only transmit the proper sub-band after OTAA Joined successfully, the end node will:
561 +We have improved this, the end node will use frequency 1 from sub-band1, then frequency 1 from sub-band2, then frequency 1 from sub-band3, etc to process the OTAA join, In this case, In this case, the end node can support LoRaWAN servers with different subbands. To make sure the end node will only transmit the proper sub-band after OTAA Joined successfully, the end node will:
566 566  
567 567  * (((
568 -Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and switch to that sub-band.
564 +Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and switch to that subband
569 569  )))
570 570  * (((
571 -Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn't include sub-band info in the OTAA Join Accept message (TTN v2 doesn't include).
567 +Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn't include subband info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
572 572  )))
573 573  
574 -This change will make the activation time a little longer but make sure the device can be used in any sub-band.
570 +This change will make the activation time a littler longer but make sure the device can be used in any subband.
575 575  
576 576  
577 -Below is a photo to show why it takes longer time for OTAA Join. We can see in 72 channels mode, why it takes more time to join success. If users want to have faster OTAA Join success, he can change default CHE to the sub-band he uses.
573 +Below is a photo to show why it takes longer time for OTAA Join. We can see in 72 channels mode, why it takes more time to join success. If users want to have faster OTAA Join success, he can change default CHE to the subband he use.
578 578  
579 579  
580 580  [[image:image-20221215223215-1.png||height="584" width="1280"]]
577 +
578 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
579 +
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