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Last modified by Xiaoling on 2025/05/05 08:51
From version 67.1
edited by Mengting Qiu
on 2024/01/29 16:42
Change comment: Uploaded new attachment "image-20240129164219-4.png", version {1}
To version 100.1
edited by Bei Jinggeng
on 2025/04/29 13:36
Change comment: Uploaded new attachment "image-20250429133640-7.png", version {1}

Summary

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1 -XWiki.ting
1 +XWiki.Bei
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163 163  )))
164 164  
165 165  
166 -= 4. Transmision on ABP Mode =
166 += 4. Why i see packet lost =
167 167  
168 +== **1. Signal problem** ==
168 168  
170 +
171 +1)  (% style="color:blue" %)**ADR automatic adjustment** (%%)
172 +
173 +Reason:
174 +
175 +When the signal is at a critical value, the server may configure the node to adjust to a lower power DR.
176 +At this time, the server is at risk of losing uplink.
177 +
178 +
179 +Solution:
180 +
181 +Users can manually fix the DR value.
182 +
183 +
184 +(% style="color:red" %)
185 +**Notice:**
186 +
187 +* User need to set Adaptive Data Rate(ADR)=0 first. otherwise device will respond to server's ADR command and change the DR according to server auto-adjustment.
188 +
189 +* Data Rate specifies Spreading Factor. The mapping varies in different frequency bands. User can check this link for detail. [[rp2-1.0.3-lorawan-regional-parameters.pdf>>https://lora-alliance.org/resource_hub/rp2-1-0-3-lorawan-regional-parameters/]]
190 +
191 +(% style="color:blue" %)**AT Command: AT+DR**
192 +
193 +(% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:409px" %)
194 +|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:156px" %)**Command Example**|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:147px" %)**Function**|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:100px" %)**Response**
195 +|(% style="width:156px" %)AT+DR=?|(% style="width:147px" %)Get the Data Rate.|(% style="width:100px" %)5(((
196 +OK
197 +)))
198 +|(% style="width:156px" %)AT+DR=2|(% style="width:147px" %)Set the Data Rate.|(% style="width:100px" %)OK(((
199 +
200 +)))
201 +
202 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink Command: 0x2200aaFF**
203 +
204 +If the downlink payload=220001FF, it means setting the data rate to 1, while type code is 22 00 aa FF.
205 +
206 +* **Example 1**: Downlink Payload: **220001FF**  ~/~/ Set AT+DR=1.
207 +
208 +* **Example 2**: Downlink Payload: **220000FF**  ~/~/ Set AT+DR=0.
209 +
210 +(% style="display:none" %) (%%)
211 +
212 +
213 +2)  (% style="color:blue" %)**Node antenna problem**
214 +
215 +Reason:
216 +
217 +Node antenna is loose
218 +
219 +
220 +Solution:
221 +
222 +Please check whether the antenna interface and module interface are detached
223 +
224 +[[image:image-20250429114526-1.png||height="429" width="303"]]
225 +
226 +
227 +
228 +3) (% style="color:blue" %)**Gateway antenna problem**
229 +
230 +Reason:
231 +Gateway uses antenna with wrong frequency band
232 +
233 +For example: 868-band gateway uses antenna with 915-band, which will cause the signal to be greatly reduced
234 +
235 +
236 +Solution:
237 +
238 +Please check whether the silk screen on the antenna conflicts with the frequency you set.
239 +
240 +[[image:image-20250429115124-2.png]][[image:image-20250429115159-3.png||height="550" width="224"]]
241 +
242 +
243 +4) (% style="color:blue" %)**Gateway module problem**
244 +
245 +Reason:
246 +
247 +Gateway uses module with wrong frequency band
248 +For example: 868-band gateway uses module with 915-band, which will cause the signal to be greatly reduced
249 +
250 +
251 +Solution:
252 +
253 +Please check whether the silkscreen of the module conflicts with the frequency you set.
254 +
255 +[[image:image-20250429115951-5.png||height="288" width="384"]][[image:image-20250429120030-6.png||height="284" width="378"]]
256 +
257 +
258 +== **2. Frequency point problem** ==
259 +
260 +The frequency point of the gateway or server is wrong or missing.
261 +
262 +
263 +== **3. Frequency band problem** ==
264 +
265 +When there are multiple gateways, the node cannot lock the frequency band.
266 +
267 +
268 +
269 += 5. Transmision on ABP Mode =
270 +
271 +
169 169  (((
170 170  In ABP mode, there is a Frame Counter Checks. With this check enabled, the server will only accept the frame with a higher counter. If you reboot the device in ABP mode, the device will start from count 0, so you won't be able to see the frame update in server.
171 171  )))
... ... @@ -185,15 +185,20 @@
185 185  Disable Frame Counter Check in ABP Mode
186 186  
187 187  
188 -= 5. Downstream Debug =
291 += 6. Downstream Debug =
189 189  
190 -== 5.1 How it work ==
293 +== 6.1 How it work ==
191 191  
192 192  
193 193  LoRaWAN End node will open two receive windows to receive the downstream data. If the downstream packets arrive the end node at these receive windows, the end node will be able to get this packet and process it.
194 194  
195 195  (((
196 -Depends on Class A or Class C, the receive windows will be a little difference.
299 +Depends on Class A or Class C, the receive windows will be a little difference. The main difference between Class A and Class C:
300 +
301 +* **Class A** : Suitable for Battery powered end node. Class A will save a lot of power but it can only receive downlink after each uplink
302 +* **Class C**: End node can receive downlink immediately but have higher power consumption.
303 +
304 +
197 197  )))
198 198  
199 199  [[image:image-20220531161828-1.png]]
... ... @@ -213,7 +213,7 @@
213 213  
214 214  * This packet must match the DataRate of RX1(RX1DR) or RX2 (RX2DR). (% style="color:red" %)**This is the common fail point, because different lorawan server might use different RX2DR and they don't info End Node via ADR message so cause the mismatch. If this happen, user need to change the RX2DR to the right value in end node. In OTAA, LoRaWAN Server will send the RX2DR setting in Join Accept message so the end node will auto adjust. but ABP uplink doesn't support this auto change.**
215 215  
216 -== 5.2 See Debug Info ==
324 +== 6.2 See Debug Info ==
217 217  
218 218  
219 219  (((
... ... @@ -318,7 +318,7 @@
318 318   1:0012345678}}}
319 319  
320 320  
321 -== 5.3 If problem doesn't solve ==
429 +== 6.3 If problem doesn't solve ==
322 322  
323 323  
324 324  (% style="color:red" %)**If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the sceenshots for each step to check. They include:**
... ... @@ -331,7 +331,7 @@
331 331  
332 332  * End Node traffic (from server UI) to shows end node activity in server.
333 333  
334 -= 6. Downlink Issue ~-~- Packet REJECTED, unsupported frequency =
442 += 7. Downlink Issue ~-~- Packet REJECTED, unsupported frequency =
335 335  
336 336  
337 337  (((
... ... @@ -357,62 +357,83 @@
357 357  )))
358 358  
359 359  
360 -= 7. Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet =
468 += 8. Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet =
361 361  
362 362  
363 -(% style="color:blue" %)**1. LHT65 End device configure:**
471 +(% style="color:blue" %)**1. LHT65N End device configure:**
364 364  
365 365  **Change to ABP Mode:  AT+NJM=0**
366 366  
367 -**Change to fix frequency:  AT+CHS=904900000**
475 +**Change to fix frequency:  ​​​​AT+CHE=1**
368 368  
369 -**Change to fix DR:  AT+DR=0**
370 370  
478 +**AT+CFG(Print configuration):**
371 371  
372 -[[image:image-20220526165525-16.png]]
480 +[[image:image-20240129170603-7.png||height="697" width="545"]][[image:image-20240129163741-3.png||height="694" width="565"]]
373 373  
374 374  
375 375  
376 -(% style="color:blue" %)**2. In LG02 , configure to receive above message**
484 +**Configuration: **
377 377  
378 -[[image:image-20220526165612-17.png]]
486 +[[image:image-20240129164219-4.png||height="612" width="440"]]
379 379  
380 380  
381 -In LG02 console, we can see the hex receive are:
382 382  
383 -[[image:image-20220526171112-21.png]]
490 +(% style="color:blue" %)**2. In LPS8-v2, configure to receive above message**
384 384  
492 +[[image:image-20240129164326-5.png||height="506" width="1114"]]
385 385  
386 386  
387 -(% style="color:blue" %)**3. Decode the info in web**
495 +In LPS8-v2 console, we can see the Base64 receive are:
388 388  
389 -[[https:~~/~~/lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh>>url:https://lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh/]]
497 +[[image:image-20240129170137-6.png||height="459" width="1116"]]
390 390  
391 -Need these three fields:
392 392  
393 -LoRa packet hex format: 40c1190126800100024926272bf18bbb6341584e27e23245 (from LG02)
394 394  
395 -AT+NWKSKEY=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 11 (End node Network Session Key)
501 +(% style="color:blue" %)**3. Decode the info in CMD(Command prompt window)**
396 396  
397 -AT+APPSKEY=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 11 (End Node App Session Key)
503 +LoRa packet Base64 format:  QP~/~/~/~/+AFQACZv8Hjmc8gFTAkhMzU+75 **(from LPS8-v2)**
398 398  
505 +Then the instructions and format parsed in SecureCRT are:  ./node_modules/.bin/lora-packet-decode ~-~-base64 QP~/~/~/~/+AFQACZv8Hjmc8gFTAkhMzU+75
399 399  
400 -[[https:~~/~~/lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh/?data=40c1190126800100024926272bf18bbb6341584e27e23245&nwkskey=00000000000000000000000000000111&appskey=00000000000000000000000000000111>>url:https://lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh/?data=40c1190126800100024926272bf18bbb6341584e27e23245&nwkskey=00000000000000000000000000000111&appskey=00000000000000000000000000000111]]
401 401  
402 -[[image:image-20220526171029-20.png]]
508 +**Step1: Open CMD, Enter the gateway IP and port.(ssh root@gateway IP -p 22)**
403 403  
404 -(((
405 - The FRMPayload is the device payload.
406 -)))
510 +[[image:image-20240129190752-17.png||height="338" width="901"]]
407 407  
512 +[[image:image-20240129191937-21.png||height="450" width="901"]]
408 408  
409 -= 8. Why I see uplink 0x00 periodically on the LHT65 v1.8 firmware =
410 410  
515 +**Step2: Enter the command to download the LoRa parsing package.(npm install lora-packet)**
411 411  
517 +[[image:image-20240129192239-22.png||height="416" width="902"]]
518 +
519 +[[image:image-20240129192549-23.png||height="459" width="898"]]
520 +
521 +
522 +**Step3: Parse the gateway raw payload.(./node_modules/.bin/lora-packet-decode ~-~-base64 QP~/~/~/~/+AFQACZv8Hjmc8gFTAkhMzU+75)**
523 +
524 +
525 +
526 +
527 +[[image:image-20240129192908-24.png||height="477" width="907"]]
528 +
529 +
530 +[[image:image-20240129192954-25.png||height="485" width="916"]]
531 +
532 +
533 +
534 +
535 +
536 +
537 +
538 += 9. Why I see uplink 0x00 periodically on the LHT65 v1.8 firmware =
539 +
540 +
412 412  Since firmware v1.8, LHT65 will send MAC command to request time, in the case if DR only support max 11 bytes, this MAC command will be bundled to a separate uplink payload with 0x00.
413 413  
414 414  
415 -= 9. Why do I see a "MIC Mismatch" error message from the server? =
544 += 10. Why do I see a "MIC Mismatch" error message from the server? =
416 416  
417 417  
418 418  (((
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450 450  4）We have had cases where it was automatically fixed the next day despite no manual changes, probably a server side issue
451 451  
452 452  
453 -= 10. Why I got the payload only with "0x00" or "AA~=~="? =
582 += 11. Why I got the payload only with "0x00" or "AA~=~="? =
454 454  
455 455  
456 456  (% style="color:blue" %)**Why sensor sends 0x00?**
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484 484  Some node decoders may not have the filter function, or you need decoders of other servers and formats. Please send an email to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]]
485 485  
486 486  
487 -= 11. Why my Dev EUI and APP EUI is 0x000000000000, how to solve? =
616 += 12. Why my Dev EUI and APP EUI is 0x000000000000, how to solve? =
488 488  
489 489  
490 490  (((
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545 545  (Any combination of 16 bit codes can be used）
546 546  
547 547  
548 -= 12. I set my device is LoRaWAN Class C mode, why I still see Class A after boot? =
677 += 13. I set my device is LoRaWAN Class C mode, why I still see Class A after boot? =
549 549  )))
550 550  
551 551  
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552 552  Class C only refers to status after OTAA Join successfully. The OTAA Join Process will use Class A mode.
553 553  
554 554  
555 -= 13. Why it takes longer time for OTAA joined in US915/CN470/AU915 band? =
684 += 14. Why it takes longer time for OTAA joined in US915/CN470/AU915 band? =
556 556  
557 557  
558 558  In US915, AU915 or CN470 frequency band, there are 8 sub-bands, totally 72 channels. and LoRaWAN server normally use only one sub-band, for example Sub-band 2 in TTN. The gateway also configured to Sub-band 2 and cover eight channels in this sub-band. If the end node transfer data in Sub-band 2, it will reach to gateway and to the LoRaWAN server. If the end node transfer packets in other sub-bands, for example sub-band 1, the packet won't arrive both gateway or LoRaWAN server.
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576 576  
577 577  
578 578  [[image:image-20221215223215-1.png||height="584" width="1280"]]
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