Last modified by Edwin Chen on 2025/01/29 20:30
<
From version < 51.1 >
edited by Mengting Qiu
on 2024/01/23 18:23
To version < 39.2 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2023/03/23 17:08
>
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

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1 -XWiki.ting
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
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4 4  
5 5  
6 6  
7 -= 1.Join process page check =
7 += 1.(% style="display:none" %) (%%) OTAA Join Process Debug =
8 8  
9 +
9 9  These pages are useful to check what is wrong on the Join process. Below shows the four steps that we can check the Join Process.
10 10  \\**If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the sceenshots for each step to check. They include:**
11 11  
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43 43  
44 44  
45 45  
46 -(% style="color:blue" %)**3. Gateway Live data in LoRaWAN Server**
47 +(% style="color:blue" %)**3. Gateway Traffic Page in LoRaWAN Server**
47 47  
48 -* Does the gateway real-time data contain information about Join Request? If not, check the internet connection and gateway LoRaWAN server Settings.
49 +* If the Join Request packet arrive the gateway traffic in server? If not, check the internet connection and gateway LoRaWAN server settings.
49 49  
50 -* Does the server send back a Join Accept for the Join Request? If not, check that the key from the device matches the key you put into the server, or try to choose a different server route for that end device.
51 +* If the server send back a Join Accept for the Join Request? if not, check if the keys from the device match the keys you put in the server, or try to choose a different server route for this end device.
51 51  
52 52  * If the Join Accept message are in correct frequency? If you set the server to use US915 band, and your end node and gateway is EU868, you will see the Join Accept message are in US915 band so no possible to Join success.
53 53  
54 54  [[image:image-20220526163633-3.png]]
55 55  
56 -The Traffic for the End node in the server, use TTN as example.
57 +The Traffic for the End node in the server, use TTN as example
57 57  
58 58  
59 59  
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61 61  
62 62  * If this data page shows the Join Request message from the end node? If not, most properly you have wrong settings in the keys. Keys in the server doesn't match the keys in End Node.
63 63  
64 -[[image:image-20240123150720-1.png||height="459" width="1182"]]
65 +[[image:image-20220526163704-4.png]]
65 65  
66 66  The data for the end device set in server
67 67  
68 68  
69 -[[image:image-20240123150943-2.png||height="556" width="1179"]]
70 +[[image:image-20220526163732-5.png]]
70 70  
71 -Check if OTAA Keys match the keys in device.
72 +Check if OTAA Keys match the keys in device
72 72  
73 73  
74 74  = 2. Notice of US915/CN470/AU915 Frequency band =
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75 75  
76 76  
77 77  (((
78 -If user has problem to work with LoRaWAN server in band US915/AU915/CN470, he can check:
79 +If user has problem to work with lorawan server in band US915/AU915/CN470, he can check:
79 79  )))
80 80  
81 81  * (((
82 -What **sub-band** the server support?
83 +What **sub-band** the server support ?
83 83  )))
84 84  * (((
85 -What is the **sub-band** the gateway support?
86 +What is the **sub-band** the gateway support ?
86 86  )))
87 87  * (((
88 -What is the **sub-band** the end node is using?
89 +What is the **sub-band** the end node is using ?
89 89  )))
90 90  
91 91  (((
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97 97  )))
98 98  
99 99  (((
100 -In LoRaWAN protocol, the frequency bands US915, AU915, CN470 each includes at least 72 frequencies. Many gateways support only 8 or 16 frequencies, and server might support 8 frequency only. In this case, the OTAA join time and uplink schedule is long and unpredictable while the end node is hopping in 72 frequencies, because the end node will send data in many frequency that the gateway or server doesn't support.
101 +In LoRaWAN protocol, the frequency bands US915, AU915, CN470 each includes at least 72 frequencies. Many gateways support only 8 or 16 frequencies, and server might support 8 frequency only. In this case, the OTAA join time and uplink schedule is long and unpredictable while the end node is hopping in 72 frequencies, because the end node will send data in many frequency that the gateway or server doesn,t support.
101 101  )))
102 102  
103 103  (((
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105 105  )))
106 106  
107 107  (((
108 -Here are the frequency tables for these bands as reference:
109 +Here are the freuqency tables for these bands as reference:
109 109  )))
110 110  
111 111  [[image:image-20220526163801-6.png]]
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130 130  If we look at the [[TTN network server frequency plan>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html]], we can see the US915 frequency band use the channel 8~~15.So the End Node must work at the same frequency in US915 8~~15 channels for TTN server.
131 131  )))
132 132  
133 -[[image:image-20240123151225-3.png||height="434" width="902"]]
134 +[[image:image-20220526164052-9.png]]
134 134  
135 135  (((
136 136  TTN FREQUENCY PLAN
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144 144  
145 145  (% style="display:none" %) (%%)
146 146  
147 -= 3. Why I see data lost/ is not periodically uplink？ Even the signal strength is good =
148 += 3. Why i see data lost/unperiocially uplink data? Even the signal strength is good =
148 148  
149 149  
150 150  In this case, we can check if the frequency band matches in End Node, Gateway and LoRaWAN server. A typical case is using US915 in ChirpStack server as below:
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178 178  
179 179  (((
180 180  To solve this, disable the Frame Counter Check will solve this issue , or reset the frame counter in the device page.
181 -
182 -[[image:image-20240123161737-4.png||height="395" width="763"]]
183 183  )))
184 184  
185 -[[image:image-20240123161853-6.png||height="599" width="771"]]
184 +[[image:image-20220526164508-10.png]]
186 186  
187 187  Disable Frame Counter Check in ABP Mode
188 188  
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195 195  LoRaWAN End node will open two receive windows to receive the downstream data. If the downstream packets arrive the end node at these receive windows, the end node will be able to get this packet and process it.
196 196  
197 197  (((
198 -Depends on Class A or Class C, the receive windows will be a little difference.
197 +Depends on Class A or Class C, the receive windows will be a little difference,
199 199  )))
200 200  
201 201  [[image:image-20220531161828-1.png]]
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215 215  
216 216  * This packet must match the DataRate of RX1(RX1DR) or RX2 (RX2DR). (% style="color:red" %)**This is the common fail point, because different lorawan server might use different RX2DR and they don't info End Node via ADR message so cause the mismatch. If this happen, user need to change the RX2DR to the right value in end node. In OTAA, LoRaWAN Server will send the RX2DR setting in Join Accept message so the end node will auto adjust. but ABP uplink doesn't support this auto change.**
217 217  
218 -== ==
219 219  
218 +
220 220  == 5.2 See Debug Info ==
221 221  
222 222  
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229 229  )))
230 230  
231 231  (((
232 -Configure a downlink to the end device
231 +Configure a downstream to the end device
233 233  )))
234 234  
235 -[[image:image-20240123163307-7.png||height="330" width="1125"]]
234 +[[image:image-20220526164623-12.png]]
236 236  
237 237  (((
238 238  Set a downstream in TTN and see it is sent
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332 332  
333 333  * End Node traffic (from server UI) to shows end node activity in server.
334 334  
334 +
335 +
335 335  = 6. Downlink Issue ~-~- Packet REJECTED, unsupported frequency =
336 336  
337 337  
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407 407  )))
408 408  
409 409  
410 -= 8. Why I see uplink 0x00 periodically on the LHT65 v1.8 firmware =
411 += 8. Why i see uplink 0x00 periodcally on the LHT65 v1.8 firmware =
411 411  
412 412  
413 413  Since firmware v1.8, LHT65 will send MAC command to request time, in the case if DR only support max 11 bytes, this MAC command will be bundled to a separate uplink payload with 0x00.
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454 454  = 10. Why i got the payload only with "0x00" or "AA~=~="? =
455 455  
456 456  
457 -(% style="color:blue" %)**Why sensor sends 0x00?**
458 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Why this happen:**
458 458  
459 -For US915, AU915 or AS923 frequencies, the max payload lenght is 11 bytes for DR0. Some times sensor needs to send MAC command to server, because the payload is 11 bytes, The MAC command + Payload will exceed 11 bytes and LoRaWAN server will ignore the uplink. In this case, Sensor will send two uplinks together: one uplink is the payload without MAC command, another uplink is **0x00 payload + MAC Command.**  For the second uplink, in the server side, it will shows the payload is 0x00. Normally, there are several case this will happen.
460 +For US915, AU915 or AS923 frequencies.It is possible because: .
460 460  
461 -**Possible Case 1**:
462 +When using the frequency mentioned above, the server sometimes adjusts the Data Rate (DR) of the node, because the end node has Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) Enabled.
462 462  
463 -Sensor has ADR=1 enable and sensor need to reply server MAC command (ADR request) while sensor has DR=0.
464 +When the server adjusts end node data rate to 0, the maximum payload length is 11 bytes. The server sometimes sends an ADR packet to the end node, and the node will reply to the server after receiving the ADR packet, but the number of payload bytes exceeds the limit, so it will send a normal uplink packet, and following an additional 00 data packet to handle this MAC command response.
464 464  
465 465  
466 -**Possible Case 2:**
467 -
468 -For the sensor which has Datalog Feature enable, the sensor will send TimeRequest MAC Command to sync the time. This Time Request will be sent once Sensor Join Network and Every 10 days. While they send such command with DR=0, sensor will send this command with 0x00 payload.
469 -
470 -
471 471  (% style="color:blue" %)**How to solve:**
472 472  
473 -Solution:
469 +Solution: Use the decoder to filter out this 0x00 packet.
474 474  
475 -~1. Use the decoder to filter out this 0x00 packet. (**Recommand**)
476 -
477 -2. Data rate changed from DR3 to DR5, increasing upload byte length
478 -AT+ADR=0
479 -AT+DR=3
480 -
481 -Downlink：
482 -
483 -[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/#H7.4DataRate>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/#H7.4DataRate]]
484 -
485 485  Some node decoders may not have the filter function, or you need decoders of other servers and formats. Please send an email to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]]
486 486  
487 487  
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556 556  = 13. Why it takes longer time for OTAA joined in US915/CN470/AU915 band? =
557 557  
558 558  
559 -In US915, AU915 or CN470 frequency band, there are 8 sub-bands, totally 72 channels. and LoRaWAN server normally use only one sub-band, for example Sub-band 2 in TTN. The gateway also configured to Sub-band 2 and cover eight channels in this sub-band. If the end node transfer data in Sub-band 2, it will reach to gateway and to the LoRaWAN server. If the end node transfer packets in other sub-bands, for example sub-band 1, the packet won't arrive both gateway or LoRaWAN server.
545 +In US915, AU915 or CN470 frequency band, there are 8 subbands, totally 72 channels. and LoRaWAN server normally use only one sub-band, for example Subband 2 in TTN. The gateway also configured to Subband 2 and cover eight channels in this subband. If the end node transfer data in Subband 2, it will reach to gateway and to the LoRaWAN server. If the end node transfer packets in other subbands, for example subband 1, the packet won't arrive both gateway or LoRaWAN server.
560 560  
561 561  
562 -In Dragino Sensors old version firmware (before early 2022), the sub-band is fixed the sub-band to 2 , but this cause a problem, the end node is hard to use in other subband and need program. So the new logic is as below:
548 +In Dragino Sensors old version firmware (before early 2022), the subband is fixed the subband to 2 , but this cause a problem, the end node is hard to use in other subband and need program. So the new logic is as below:
563 563  
564 -We have improved this, the end node will use frequency 1 from sub-band1, then frequency 1 from sub-band2, then frequency 1 from sub-band3, etc to process the OTAA join, in this case, in this case, the end node can support LoRaWAN servers with different sub-bands. To make sure the end node will only transmit the proper sub-band after OTAA Joined successfully, the end node will:
550 +We have improved this, the end node will use frequency 1 from sub-band1, then frequency 1 from sub-band2, then frequency 1 from sub-band3, etc to process the OTAA join, In this case, In this case, the end node can support LoRaWAN servers with different subbands. To make sure the end node will only transmit the proper sub-band after OTAA Joined successfully, the end node will:
565 565  
566 566  * (((
567 -Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and switch to that sub-band.
553 +Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and switch to that subband
568 568  )))
569 569  * (((
570 -Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn't include sub-band info in the OTAA Join Accept message (TTN v2 doesn't include).
556 +Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn't include subband info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
571 571  )))
572 572  
573 -This change will make the activation time a little longer but make sure the device can be used in any sub-band.
559 +This change will make the activation time a littler longer but make sure the device can be used in any subband.
574 574  
575 575  
576 -Below is a photo to show why it takes longer time for OTAA Join. We can see in 72 channels mode, why it takes more time to join success. If users want to have faster OTAA Join success, he can change default CHE to the sub-band he uses.
562 +Below is a photo to show why it takes longer time for OTAA Join. We can see in 72 channels mode, why it takes more time to join success. If users want to have faster OTAA Join success, he can change default CHE to the subband he use.
577 577  
578 578  
579 579  [[image:image-20221215223215-1.png||height="584" width="1280"]]
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