Last modified by Edwin Chen on 2025/01/29 20:30
<
From version < 49.1 >
edited by Mengting Qiu
on 2024/01/23 16:37
To version < 35.1 >
edited by Edwin Chen
on 2022/10/19 23:15
>
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

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Author
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1 -XWiki.ting
1 +XWiki.Edwin
Content
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4 4  
5 5  
6 6  
7 -= z =
7 += 1. OTAA Join Process Debug =
8 8  
9 9  
10 10  These pages are useful to check what is wrong on the Join process. Below shows the four steps that we can check the Join Process.
... ... @@ -11,22 +11,17 @@
11 11  \\**If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the sceenshots for each step to check. They include:**
12 12  
13 13  * End node console to show the Join freuqency and DR. (If possible)
14 -
15 15  * Gateway (from gateway UI) traffic to show the packet got from end node and receive from Server. (If possible)
16 -
17 17  * Gateway traffic (from server UI) to shows the data exchange between gateway and server. (Normaly possible)
18 -
19 19  * End Node traffic (from server UI) to shows end node activity in server. (Normaly possible)
20 -
21 21  * End Node Keys screen shot shows in end node and server. so we can check if the keys are correct. (In most case, we found keys doesn't match, especially APP EUI)
22 22  
23 23  (% style="color:blue" %)**1. End Device Join Screen shot, we can check:**
24 24  
25 25  * If the device is sending join request to server?
26 -
27 27  * What frequency the device is sending?
28 28  
29 -[[image:image-20220526164956-15.png||height="591" width="1153"]]
24 +[[image:image-20220526164956-15.png]]
30 30  
31 31  Console Output from End device to see the transmit frequency
32 32  
... ... @@ -35,7 +35,6 @@
35 35  (% style="color:blue" %)**2. Gateway packet traffic in gateway web or ssh. we can check:**
36 36  
37 37  * If the gateway receive the Join request packet from sensor? (If this fail, check if the gateway and sensor works on the match frequency)
38 -
39 39  * If the gateway gets the Join Accept message from server and transmit it via LoRa?
40 40  
41 41  [[image:image-20220526163608-2.png]]
... ... @@ -43,33 +43,29 @@
43 43  Console Output from Gateway to see packets between end node and server.
44 44  
45 45  
40 +(% style="color:blue" %)**3. Gateway Traffic Page in LoRaWAN Server**
46 46  
47 -(% style="color:blue" %)**3. Gateway Live data in LoRaWAN Server**
48 -
49 -* Does the gateway real-time data contain information about Join Request? If not, check the internet connection and gateway LoRaWAN server Settings.
50 -
51 -* Does the server send back a Join Accept for the Join Request? If not, check that the key from the device matches the key you put into the server, or try to choose a different server route for that end device.
52 -
42 +* If the Join Request packet arrive the gateway traffic in server? If not, check the internet connection and gateway LoRaWAN server settings.
43 +* If the server send back a Join Accept for the Join Request? if not, check if the keys from the device match the keys you put in the server, or try to choose a different server route for this end device.
53 53  * If the Join Accept message are in correct frequency? If you set the server to use US915 band, and your end node and gateway is EU868, you will see the Join Accept message are in US915 band so no possible to Join success.
54 54  
55 55  [[image:image-20220526163633-3.png]]
56 56  
57 -The Traffic for the End node in the server, use TTN as example.
48 +The Traffic for the End node in the server, use TTN as example
58 58  
59 59  
60 -
61 61  (% style="color:blue" %)**4. Data Page in LoRaWAN server**
62 62  
63 63  * If this data page shows the Join Request message from the end node? If not, most properly you have wrong settings in the keys. Keys in the server doesn't match the keys in End Node.
64 64  
65 -[[image:image-20240123150720-1.png||height="459" width="1182"]]
55 +[[image:image-20220526163704-4.png]]
66 66  
67 67  The data for the end device set in server
68 68  
59 +[[image:image-20220526163732-5.png]]
69 69  
70 -[[image:image-20240123150943-2.png||height="556" width="1179"]]
61 +Check if OTAA Keys match the keys in device
71 71  
72 -Check if OTAA Keys match the keys in device.
73 73  
74 74  
75 75  = 2. Notice of US915/CN470/AU915 Frequency band =
... ... @@ -113,7 +113,6 @@
113 113  
114 114  US915 Channels
115 115  
116 -
117 117  [[image:image-20220526163926-7.png]]
118 118  
119 119  AU915 Channels
... ... @@ -131,12 +131,12 @@
131 131  If we look at the [[TTN network server frequency plan>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html]], we can see the US915 frequency band use the channel 8~~15.So the End Node must work at the same frequency in US915 8~~15 channels for TTN server.
132 132  )))
133 133  
134 -[[image:image-20240123151225-3.png||height="434" width="902"]]
123 +[[image:image-20220526164052-9.png]]
135 135  
136 136  (((
137 137  TTN FREQUENCY PLAN
138 138  
139 -(% style="display:none" %) (%%)
128 +
140 140  )))
141 141  
142 142  (((
... ... @@ -143,23 +143,24 @@
143 143  In dragino end node, user can use AT+CHE command to set what frequencies set the end node will use. The default settings for Dragino end node are preconfigure for TTN server, so use 8~~15 channels, which is **AT+CHE=2**. (AT+CHE=1 for first 8 channels, AT+CHE=2 for second 8 channels.. etc, and AT+CHE=0 for all 72 channels. )
144 144  )))
145 145  
146 -(% style="display:none" %) (%%)
147 147  
148 -= 3. Why I see data lost/ is not periodically uplink？ Even the signal strength is good =
149 149  
137 += 3. Why i see data lost/unperiocially uplink data? Even the signal strength is good =
150 150  
139 +
151 151  In this case, we can check if the frequency band matches in End Node, Gateway and LoRaWAN server. A typical case is using US915 in ChirpStack server as below:
152 152  
153 -* (% style="color:blue" %)**End node** (%%) ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Sensor. ADR is also enable, this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
142 +* **End node** ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Sensor. ADR is also enable, this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
143 +* **Gateway** ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Gateway. this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
144 +* **LoRaWAN server** ~-~-> ChirpStack default installation and use Sub-band1, **enabled_uplink_channels=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]** in the file chirpstack-network-server.toml.
154 154  
155 -* (% style="color:blue" %)**Gateway** (%%) ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Gateway. this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
156 -
157 -* (% style="color:blue" %)**LoRaWAN server**  (%%) ~-~-> ChirpStack default installation and use Sub-band1, **enabled_uplink_channels=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]** in the file chirpstack-network-server.toml.
158 -
159 159  (((
160 160  When Sensor power on, it will use sub-band2 to join the network, the frequency matches the settings in gateway so all Join Request will be passed to the server for Join. Server will ask the sensor to change to Sub-band1 in the Join Accept downlink message. Sensor will change to sub-band1 for data upload. This cause the sensor and gateway have different frequencies so user see lost of most data or even no data.
161 161  )))
162 162  
150 +(((
151 +
152 +)))
163 163  
164 164  (((
165 165  Use Subband2 as a default subband cause the sensor to have problem to work with the LoRaWAN server which use other subband, and use need to access to the end node to change the subband by console. that is not user frendily,. So since Dragino LoRaWAN Stack version DLS-005(release on end of 2020), we have changed the device to use All Subbands for OTAA join, for example, device will use the first frequency in Sub-Band1 as firt OTAA join packet, then use the first frequency in Sub-Band 2 , then first frequency in sub-band 3, and so on. LoRaWAN server will normally provide the required subband in the OTAA accept process, so end node will know what subband it use after join. If LoRaWAN server doesn't provide subband info in OTAA join, end node will use the subband which join success as the working subband. So the new method cause a longer OTAA Join time but will be compatible with all LoRaWAN server. And new method won't affect the normal uplink after Join Success.
... ... @@ -166,6 +166,7 @@
166 166  )))
167 167  
168 168  
159 +
169 169  = 4. Transmision on ABP Mode =
170 170  
171 171  
... ... @@ -174,20 +174,27 @@
174 174  )))
175 175  
176 176  (((
168 +
169 +)))
170 +
171 +(((
177 177  So in ABP mode, first check if the packet already arrive your gateway, if the packet arrive gatewat but didn't arrive server. Please check if this is the issue.
178 178  )))
179 179  
180 180  (((
181 -To solve this, disable the Frame Counter Check will solve this issue , or reset the frame counter in the device page.
176 +
177 +)))
182 182  
183 -[[image:image-20240123161737-4.png||height="395" width="763"]]
179 +(((
180 +To solve this, disable the Frame Counter Check will solve this issue , or reset the frame counter in the device page.
184 184  )))
185 185  
186 -[[image:image-20240123161853-6.png||height="599" width="771"]]
183 +[[image:image-20220526164508-10.png]]
187 187  
188 188  Disable Frame Counter Check in ABP Mode
189 189  
190 190  
188 +
191 191  = 5. Downstream Debug =
192 192  
193 193  == 5.1 How it work ==
... ... @@ -196,7 +196,7 @@
196 196  LoRaWAN End node will open two receive windows to receive the downstream data. If the downstream packets arrive the end node at these receive windows, the end node will be able to get this packet and process it.
197 197  
198 198  (((
199 -Depends on Class A or Class C, the receive windows will be a little difference.
197 +Depends on Class A or Class C, the receive windows will be a little difference,
200 200  )))
201 201  
202 202  [[image:image-20220531161828-1.png]]
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207 207  Below are the requirement for the End Device to receive the packets.
208 208  
209 209  * The End Device must open the receive windows: RX1 or RX2
210 -
211 211  * The LoRaWAN server must send a downstream packet, and the gateway forward this downstream packet for this end node.
212 -
213 213  * This downstream packet must arrive to the end node while RX1 or RX2 is open.
214 -
215 215  * This packet must match the frequency of the RX1 or RX2 window.
216 -
217 217  * This packet must match the DataRate of RX1(RX1DR) or RX2 (RX2DR). (% style="color:red" %)**This is the common fail point, because different lorawan server might use different RX2DR and they don't info End Node via ADR message so cause the mismatch. If this happen, user need to change the RX2DR to the right value in end node. In OTAA, LoRaWAN Server will send the RX2DR setting in Join Accept message so the end node will auto adjust. but ABP uplink doesn't support this auto change.**
218 218  
219 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
220 -== ==
221 -
222 222  == 5.2 See Debug Info ==
223 223  
224 224  
... ... @@ -231,10 +231,10 @@
231 231  )))
232 232  
233 233  (((
234 -Configure a downlink to the end device
225 +Configure a downstream to the end device
235 235  )))
236 236  
237 -[[image:image-20240123163307-7.png||height="330" width="1125"]]
228 +[[image:image-20220526164623-12.png]]
238 238  
239 239  (((
240 240  Set a downstream in TTN and see it is sent
... ... @@ -278,13 +278,13 @@
278 278  )))
279 279  
280 280  (((
281 -* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2FQ=869525000**  (%%) **~-~-->**  The RX2 Window frequency
272 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2FQ=869525000**  (%%) **~-~-->**  The RX2 Window frequency
273 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2DR=3**          (%%) **~-~-->**  The RX2 DataRate
274 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX1DL=1000**       (%%) ** ~-~-->**  Receive Delay 1
275 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2DL=2000**       (%%) **~-~--> ** Receive Delay 2
282 282  
283 -* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2DR=3**          (%%) **~-~-->**  The RX2 DataRate
284 284  
285 -* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX1DL=1000**       (%%) ** ~-~-->**  Receive Delay 1
286 -
287 -* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2DL=2000**       (%%) **~-~--> ** Receive Delay 2
278 +
288 288  )))
289 289  
290 290  (((
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321 321   1:0012345678}}}
322 322  
323 323  
315 +
324 324  == 5.3 If problem doesn't solve ==
325 325  
326 326  
... ... @@ -327,11 +327,8 @@
327 327  (% style="color:red" %)**If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the sceenshots for each step to check. They include:**
328 328  
329 329  * End node console to show the transmit freuqency and DR.
330 -
331 331  * Gateway (from gateway UI) traffic to show the packet got from end node and receive from Server.
332 -
333 333  * Gateway traffic (from server UI) to shows the data exchange between gateway and server.
334 -
335 335  * End Node traffic (from server UI) to shows end node activity in server.
336 336  
337 337  = 6. Downlink Issue ~-~- Packet REJECTED, unsupported frequency =
... ... @@ -360,6 +360,7 @@
360 360  )))
361 361  
362 362  
352 +
363 363  = 7. Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet =
364 364  
365 365  
... ... @@ -366,9 +366,7 @@
366 366  (% style="color:blue" %)**1. LHT65 End device configure:**
367 367  
368 368  **Change to ABP Mode:  AT+NJM=0**
369 -
370 370  **Change to fix frequency:  AT+CHS=904900000**
371 -
372 372  **Change to fix DR:  AT+DR=0**
373 373  
374 374  
... ... @@ -409,6 +409,7 @@
409 409  )))
410 410  
411 411  
400 +
412 412  = 8. Why i see uplink 0x00 periodcally on the LHT65 v1.8 firmware =
413 413  
414 414  
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415 415  Since firmware v1.8, LHT65 will send MAC command to request time, in the case if DR only support max 11 bytes, this MAC command will be bundled to a separate uplink payload with 0x00.
416 416  
417 417  
407 +
418 418  = 9. Why do I see a "MIC Mismatch" error message from the server? =
419 419  
420 420  
... ... @@ -440,53 +440,32 @@
440 440  
441 441  * (((
442 442  If a node is registered with multiple servers, it may also cause the "mic mismatch" error.
443 -)))
444 444  
445 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
446 -3）Wrong Regional Parameters version selected
447 - We generally use versions above 1.0.2
448 448  
449 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
450 -[[image:image-20230322163227-1.png]]
451 451  
452 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
453 -4）We have had cases where it was automatically fixed the next day despite no manual changes, probably a server side issue
436 +
437 +)))
454 454  
455 -
456 456  = 10. Why i got the payload only with "0x00" or "AA~=~="? =
457 457  
458 458  
459 -(% style="color:blue" %)**Why sensor sends 0x00?**
442 +**Why this happen:**
460 460  
461 -For US915, AU915 or AS923 frequencies, the max payload lenght is 11 bytes for DR0. Some times sensor needs to send MAC command to server, because the payload is 11 bytes, The MAC command + Payload will exceed 11 bytes and LoRaWAN server will ignore the uplink. In this case, Sensor will send two uplinks together: one uplink is the payload without MAC command, another uplink is **0x00 payload + MAC Command.**  For the second uplink, in the server side, it will shows the payload is 0x00. Normally, there are several case this will happen.
444 +For US915, AU915 or AS923 frequencies.It is possible because: .
462 462  
463 -**Possible Case 1**:
446 +When using the frequency mentioned above, the server sometimes adjusts the Data Rate (DR) of the node, because the end node has Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) Enabled.
464 464  
465 -Sensor has ADR=1 enable and sensor need to reply server MAC command (ADR request) while sensor has DR=0.
448 +When the server adjusts end node data rate to 0, the maximum payload length is 11 bytes. The server sometimes sends an ADR packet to the end node, and the node will reply to the server after receiving the ADR packet, but the number of payload bytes exceeds the limit, so it will send a normal uplink packet, and following an additional 00 data packet to handle this MAC command response.
466 466  
467 467  
468 -**Possible Case 2:**
451 +**How to solve:**
469 469  
470 -For the sensor which has Datalog Feature enable, the sensor will send TimeRequest MAC Command to sync the time. This Time Request will be sent once Sensor Join Network and Every 10 days. While they send such command with DR=0, sensor will send this command with 0x00 payload.
453 +Solution: Use the decoder to filter out this 0x00 packet.
471 471  
472 -
473 -(% style="color:blue" %)**How to solve:**
474 -
475 -Solution:
476 -
477 -~1. Use the decoder to filter out this 0x00 packet. (**Recommand**)
478 -
479 -2. Data rate changed from DR3 to DR5, increasing upload byte length
480 -AT+ADR=0
481 -AT+DR=3
482 -
483 -Downlink：
484 -
485 -[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/#H7.4DataRate>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/#H7.4DataRate]]
486 -
487 487  Some node decoders may not have the filter function, or you need decoders of other servers and formats. Please send an email to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]]
488 488  
489 489  
458 +
490 490  = 11. Why my Dev EUI and APP EUI is 0x000000000000, how to solve? =
491 491  
492 492  
... ... @@ -548,6 +548,7 @@
548 548  (Any combination of 16 bit codes can be used）
549 549  
550 550  
520 +
551 551  = 12. I set my device is LoRaWAN Class C mode, why i still see Class A after boot? =
552 552  )))
553 553  
... ... @@ -555,30 +555,6 @@
555 555  Class C only refers to status after OTAA Join successfully. The OTAA Join Process will use Class A mode.
556 556  
557 557  
558 -= 13. Why it takes longer time for OTAA joined in US915/CN470/AU915 band? =
559 559  
560 -
561 -In US915, AU915 or CN470 frequency band, there are 8 subbands, totally 72 channels. and LoRaWAN server normally use only one sub-band, for example Subband 2 in TTN. The gateway also configured to Subband 2 and cover eight channels in this subband. If the end node transfer data in Subband 2, it will reach to gateway and to the LoRaWAN server. If the end node transfer packets in other subbands, for example subband 1, the packet won't arrive both gateway or LoRaWAN server.
562 -
563 -
564 -In Dragino Sensors old version firmware (before early 2022), the subband is fixed the subband to 2 , but this cause a problem, the end node is hard to use in other subband and need program. So the new logic is as below:
565 -
566 -We have improved this, the end node will use frequency 1 from sub-band1, then frequency 1 from sub-band2, then frequency 1 from sub-band3, etc to process the OTAA join, In this case, In this case, the end node can support LoRaWAN servers with different subbands. To make sure the end node will only transmit the proper sub-band after OTAA Joined successfully, the end node will:
567 -
568 -* (((
569 -Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and switch to that subband
570 -)))
571 -* (((
572 -Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn't include subband info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
573 -)))
574 -
575 -This change will make the activation time a littler longer but make sure the device can be used in any subband.
576 -
577 -
578 -Below is a photo to show why it takes longer time for OTAA Join. We can see in 72 channels mode, why it takes more time to join success. If users want to have faster OTAA Join success, he can change default CHE to the subband he use.
579 -
580 -
581 -[[image:image-20221215223215-1.png||height="584" width="1280"]]
582 -
583 583  (% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
584 584  
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