Last modified by Edwin Chen on 2025/01/29 20:30
<
From version < 43.1 >
edited by Mengting Qiu
on 2024/01/23 15:09
To version < 36.1 >
edited by Edwin Chen
on 2022/12/15 22:32
>
Change comment: Uploaded new attachment "image-20221215223215-1.png", version {1}

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1 -XWiki.ting
1 +XWiki.Edwin
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4 4  
5 5  
6 6  
7 -= 1.(% style="display:none" %) (%%) OTAA Join Process Debug =
7 += 1. OTAA Join Process Debug =
8 8  
9 9  
10 10  These pages are useful to check what is wrong on the Join process. Below shows the four steps that we can check the Join Process.
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11 11  \\**If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the sceenshots for each step to check. They include:**
12 12  
13 13  * End node console to show the Join freuqency and DR. (If possible)
14 -
15 15  * Gateway (from gateway UI) traffic to show the packet got from end node and receive from Server. (If possible)
16 -
17 17  * Gateway traffic (from server UI) to shows the data exchange between gateway and server. (Normaly possible)
18 -
19 19  * End Node traffic (from server UI) to shows end node activity in server. (Normaly possible)
20 -
21 21  * End Node Keys screen shot shows in end node and server. so we can check if the keys are correct. (In most case, we found keys doesn't match, especially APP EUI)
22 22  
19 +
20 +
23 23  (% style="color:blue" %)**1. End Device Join Screen shot, we can check:**
24 24  
25 25  * If the device is sending join request to server?
26 -
27 27  * What frequency the device is sending?
28 28  
29 -[[image:image-20220526164956-15.png||height="591" width="1153"]]
26 +[[image:image-20220526164956-15.png]]
30 30  
31 31  Console Output from End device to see the transmit frequency
32 32  
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35 35  (% style="color:blue" %)**2. Gateway packet traffic in gateway web or ssh. we can check:**
36 36  
37 37  * If the gateway receive the Join request packet from sensor? (If this fail, check if the gateway and sensor works on the match frequency)
38 -
39 39  * If the gateway gets the Join Accept message from server and transmit it via LoRa?
40 40  
41 41  [[image:image-20220526163608-2.png]]
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47 47  (% style="color:blue" %)**3. Gateway Traffic Page in LoRaWAN Server**
48 48  
49 49  * If the Join Request packet arrive the gateway traffic in server? If not, check the internet connection and gateway LoRaWAN server settings.
50 -
51 51  * If the server send back a Join Accept for the Join Request? if not, check if the keys from the device match the keys you put in the server, or try to choose a different server route for this end device.
52 -
53 53  * If the Join Accept message are in correct frequency? If you set the server to use US915 band, and your end node and gateway is EU868, you will see the Join Accept message are in US915 band so no possible to Join success.
54 54  
55 55  [[image:image-20220526163633-3.png]]
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72 72  Check if OTAA Keys match the keys in device
73 73  
74 74  
69 +
75 75  = 2. Notice of US915/CN470/AU915 Frequency band =
76 76  
77 77  
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136 136  (((
137 137  TTN FREQUENCY PLAN
138 138  
139 -(% style="display:none" %) (%%)
134 +
140 140  )))
141 141  
142 142  (((
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143 143  In dragino end node, user can use AT+CHE command to set what frequencies set the end node will use. The default settings for Dragino end node are preconfigure for TTN server, so use 8~~15 channels, which is **AT+CHE=2**. (AT+CHE=1 for first 8 channels, AT+CHE=2 for second 8 channels.. etc, and AT+CHE=0 for all 72 channels. )
144 144  )))
145 145  
146 -(% style="display:none" %) (%%)
147 147  
142 +
148 148  = 3. Why i see data lost/unperiocially uplink data? Even the signal strength is good =
149 149  
150 150  
151 151  In this case, we can check if the frequency band matches in End Node, Gateway and LoRaWAN server. A typical case is using US915 in ChirpStack server as below:
152 152  
153 -* (% style="color:blue" %)**End node** (%%) ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Sensor. ADR is also enable, this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
148 +* **End node** ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Sensor. ADR is also enable, this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
149 +* **Gateway** ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Gateway. this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
150 +* **LoRaWAN server** ~-~-> ChirpStack default installation and use Sub-band1, **enabled_uplink_channels=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]** in the file chirpstack-network-server.toml.
154 154  
155 -* (% style="color:blue" %)**Gateway** (%%) ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Gateway. this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
156 -
157 -* (% style="color:blue" %)**LoRaWAN server**  (%%) ~-~-> ChirpStack default installation and use Sub-band1, **enabled_uplink_channels=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]** in the file chirpstack-network-server.toml.
158 -
159 159  (((
160 160  When Sensor power on, it will use sub-band2 to join the network, the frequency matches the settings in gateway so all Join Request will be passed to the server for Join. Server will ask the sensor to change to Sub-band1 in the Join Accept downlink message. Sensor will change to sub-band1 for data upload. This cause the sensor and gateway have different frequencies so user see lost of most data or even no data.
161 161  )))
162 162  
156 +(((
157 +
158 +)))
163 163  
164 164  (((
165 165  Use Subband2 as a default subband cause the sensor to have problem to work with the LoRaWAN server which use other subband, and use need to access to the end node to change the subband by console. that is not user frendily,. So since Dragino LoRaWAN Stack version DLS-005(release on end of 2020), we have changed the device to use All Subbands for OTAA join, for example, device will use the first frequency in Sub-Band1 as firt OTAA join packet, then use the first frequency in Sub-Band 2 , then first frequency in sub-band 3, and so on. LoRaWAN server will normally provide the required subband in the OTAA accept process, so end node will know what subband it use after join. If LoRaWAN server doesn't provide subband info in OTAA join, end node will use the subband which join success as the working subband. So the new method cause a longer OTAA Join time but will be compatible with all LoRaWAN server. And new method won't affect the normal uplink after Join Success.
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166 166  )))
167 167  
168 168  
165 +
169 169  = 4. Transmision on ABP Mode =
170 170  
171 171  
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174 174  )))
175 175  
176 176  (((
174 +
175 +)))
176 +
177 +(((
177 177  So in ABP mode, first check if the packet already arrive your gateway, if the packet arrive gatewat but didn't arrive server. Please check if this is the issue.
178 178  )))
179 179  
180 180  (((
182 +
183 +)))
184 +
185 +(((
181 181  To solve this, disable the Frame Counter Check will solve this issue , or reset the frame counter in the device page.
182 182  )))
183 183  
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186 186  Disable Frame Counter Check in ABP Mode
187 187  
188 188  
194 +
189 189  = 5. Downstream Debug =
190 190  
191 191  == 5.1 How it work ==
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205 205  Below are the requirement for the End Device to receive the packets.
206 206  
207 207  * The End Device must open the receive windows: RX1 or RX2
208 -
209 209  * The LoRaWAN server must send a downstream packet, and the gateway forward this downstream packet for this end node.
210 -
211 211  * This downstream packet must arrive to the end node while RX1 or RX2 is open.
212 -
213 213  * This packet must match the frequency of the RX1 or RX2 window.
214 -
215 215  * This packet must match the DataRate of RX1(RX1DR) or RX2 (RX2DR). (% style="color:red" %)**This is the common fail point, because different lorawan server might use different RX2DR and they don't info End Node via ADR message so cause the mismatch. If this happen, user need to change the RX2DR to the right value in end node. In OTAA, LoRaWAN Server will send the RX2DR setting in Join Accept message so the end node will auto adjust. but ABP uplink doesn't support this auto change.**
216 216  
219 +
220 +
217 217  == 5.2 See Debug Info ==
218 218  
219 219  
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273 273  )))
274 274  
275 275  (((
276 -* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2FQ=869525000**  (%%) **~-~-->**  The RX2 Window frequency
280 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2FQ=869525000**  (%%) **~-~-->**  The RX2 Window frequency
281 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2DR=3**          (%%) **~-~-->**  The RX2 DataRate
282 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX1DL=1000**       (%%) ** ~-~-->**  Receive Delay 1
283 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2DL=2000**       (%%) **~-~--> ** Receive Delay 2
277 277  
278 -* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2DR=3**          (%%) **~-~-->**  The RX2 DataRate
279 279  
280 -* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX1DL=1000**       (%%) ** ~-~-->**  Receive Delay 1
281 -
282 -* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2DL=2000**       (%%) **~-~--> ** Receive Delay 2
286 +
283 283  )))
284 284  
285 285  (((
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316 316   1:0012345678}}}
317 317  
318 318  
323 +
319 319  == 5.3 If problem doesn't solve ==
320 320  
321 321  
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322 322  (% style="color:red" %)**If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the sceenshots for each step to check. They include:**
323 323  
324 324  * End node console to show the transmit freuqency and DR.
325 -
326 326  * Gateway (from gateway UI) traffic to show the packet got from end node and receive from Server.
327 -
328 328  * Gateway traffic (from server UI) to shows the data exchange between gateway and server.
329 -
330 330  * End Node traffic (from server UI) to shows end node activity in server.
331 331  
334 +
335 +
332 332  = 6. Downlink Issue ~-~- Packet REJECTED, unsupported frequency =
333 333  
334 334  
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355 355  )))
356 356  
357 357  
362 +
358 358  = 7. Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet =
359 359  
360 360  
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361 361  (% style="color:blue" %)**1. LHT65 End device configure:**
362 362  
363 363  **Change to ABP Mode:  AT+NJM=0**
364 -
365 365  **Change to fix frequency:  AT+CHS=904900000**
366 -
367 367  **Change to fix DR:  AT+DR=0**
368 368  
369 369  
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404 404  )))
405 405  
406 406  
410 +
407 407  = 8. Why i see uplink 0x00 periodcally on the LHT65 v1.8 firmware =
408 408  
409 409  
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410 410  Since firmware v1.8, LHT65 will send MAC command to request time, in the case if DR only support max 11 bytes, this MAC command will be bundled to a separate uplink payload with 0x00.
411 411  
412 412  
417 +
413 413  = 9. Why do I see a "MIC Mismatch" error message from the server? =
414 414  
415 415  
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435 435  
436 436  * (((
437 437  If a node is registered with multiple servers, it may also cause the "mic mismatch" error.
438 -)))
439 439  
440 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
441 -3）Wrong Regional Parameters version selected
442 - We generally use versions above 1.0.2
443 443  
444 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
445 -[[image:image-20230322163227-1.png]]
446 446  
447 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
448 -4）We have had cases where it was automatically fixed the next day despite no manual changes, probably a server side issue
446 +
447 +)))
449 449  
450 -
451 451  = 10. Why i got the payload only with "0x00" or "AA~=~="? =
452 452  
453 453  
454 -(% style="color:blue" %)**Why sensor sends 0x00?**
452 +**Why this happen:**
455 455  
456 -For US915, AU915 or AS923 frequencies, the max payload lenght is 11 bytes for DR0. Some times sensor needs to send MAC command to server, because the payload is 11 bytes, The MAC command + Payload will exceed 11 bytes and LoRaWAN server will ignore the uplink. In this case, Sensor will send two uplinks together: one uplink is the payload without MAC command, another uplink is **0x00 payload + MAC Command.**  For the second uplink, in the server side, it will shows the payload is 0x00. Normally, there are several case this will happen.
454 +For US915, AU915 or AS923 frequencies.It is possible because: .
457 457  
458 -**Possible Case 1**:
456 +When using the frequency mentioned above, the server sometimes adjusts the Data Rate (DR) of the node, because the end node has Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) Enabled.
459 459  
460 -Sensor has ADR=1 enable and sensor need to reply server MAC command (ADR request) while sensor has DR=0.
458 +When the server adjusts end node data rate to 0, the maximum payload length is 11 bytes. The server sometimes sends an ADR packet to the end node, and the node will reply to the server after receiving the ADR packet, but the number of payload bytes exceeds the limit, so it will send a normal uplink packet, and following an additional 00 data packet to handle this MAC command response.
461 461  
462 462  
463 -**Possible Case 2:**
461 +**How to solve:**
464 464  
465 -For the sensor which has Datalog Feature enable, the sensor will send TimeRequest MAC Command to sync the time. This Time Request will be sent once Sensor Join Network and Every 10 days. While they send such command with DR=0, sensor will send this command with 0x00 payload.
463 +Solution: Use the decoder to filter out this 0x00 packet.
466 466  
467 -
468 -(% style="color:blue" %)**How to solve:**
469 -
470 -Solution:
471 -
472 -~1. Use the decoder to filter out this 0x00 packet. (**Recommand**)
473 -
474 -2. Data rate changed from DR3 to DR5, increasing upload byte length
475 -AT+ADR=0
476 -AT+DR=3
477 -
478 -Downlink：
479 -
480 -[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/#H7.4DataRate>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/#H7.4DataRate]]
481 -
482 482  Some node decoders may not have the filter function, or you need decoders of other servers and formats. Please send an email to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]]
483 483  
484 484  
468 +
485 485  = 11. Why my Dev EUI and APP EUI is 0x000000000000, how to solve? =
486 486  
487 487  
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543 543  (Any combination of 16 bit codes can be used）
544 544  
545 545  
530 +
546 546  = 12. I set my device is LoRaWAN Class C mode, why i still see Class A after boot? =
547 547  )))
548 548  
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550 550  Class C only refers to status after OTAA Join successfully. The OTAA Join Process will use Class A mode.
551 551  
552 552  
553 -= 13. Why it takes longer time for OTAA joined in US915/CN470/AU915 band? =
554 554  
555 -
556 -In US915, AU915 or CN470 frequency band, there are 8 subbands, totally 72 channels. and LoRaWAN server normally use only one sub-band, for example Subband 2 in TTN. The gateway also configured to Subband 2 and cover eight channels in this subband. If the end node transfer data in Subband 2, it will reach to gateway and to the LoRaWAN server. If the end node transfer packets in other subbands, for example subband 1, the packet won't arrive both gateway or LoRaWAN server.
557 -
558 -
559 -In Dragino Sensors old version firmware (before early 2022), the subband is fixed the subband to 2 , but this cause a problem, the end node is hard to use in other subband and need program. So the new logic is as below:
560 -
561 -We have improved this, the end node will use frequency 1 from sub-band1, then frequency 1 from sub-band2, then frequency 1 from sub-band3, etc to process the OTAA join, In this case, In this case, the end node can support LoRaWAN servers with different subbands. To make sure the end node will only transmit the proper sub-band after OTAA Joined successfully, the end node will:
562 -
563 -* (((
564 -Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and switch to that subband
565 -)))
566 -* (((
567 -Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn't include subband info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
568 -)))
569 -
570 -This change will make the activation time a littler longer but make sure the device can be used in any subband.
571 -
572 -
573 -Below is a photo to show why it takes longer time for OTAA Join. We can see in 72 channels mode, why it takes more time to join success. If users want to have faster OTAA Join success, he can change default CHE to the subband he use.
574 -
575 -
576 -[[image:image-20221215223215-1.png||height="584" width="1280"]]
577 -
578 578  (% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
579 579  
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