Last modified by Edwin Chen on 2025/01/29 20:30
<
From version < 35.1 >
edited by Edwin Chen
on 2022/10/19 23:15
To version < 48.1 >
edited by Mengting Qiu
on 2024/01/23 16:33
>
Change comment: Uploaded new attachment "image-20240123163307-7.png", version {1}

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1 -XWiki.Edwin
1 +XWiki.ting
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4 4  
5 5  
6 6  
7 -= 1. OTAA Join Process Debug =
7 += 1.(% style="display:none" %) (%%) OTAA Join Process Debug =
8 8  
9 9  
10 10  These pages are useful to check what is wrong on the Join process. Below shows the four steps that we can check the Join Process.
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11 11  \\**If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the sceenshots for each step to check. They include:**
12 12  
13 13  * End node console to show the Join freuqency and DR. (If possible)
14 +
14 14  * Gateway (from gateway UI) traffic to show the packet got from end node and receive from Server. (If possible)
16 +
15 15  * Gateway traffic (from server UI) to shows the data exchange between gateway and server. (Normaly possible)
18 +
16 16  * End Node traffic (from server UI) to shows end node activity in server. (Normaly possible)
20 +
17 17  * End Node Keys screen shot shows in end node and server. so we can check if the keys are correct. (In most case, we found keys doesn't match, especially APP EUI)
18 18  
19 19  (% style="color:blue" %)**1. End Device Join Screen shot, we can check:**
20 20  
21 21  * If the device is sending join request to server?
26 +
22 22  * What frequency the device is sending?
23 23  
24 -[[image:image-20220526164956-15.png]]
29 +[[image:image-20220526164956-15.png||height="591" width="1153"]]
25 25  
26 26  Console Output from End device to see the transmit frequency
27 27  
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30 30  (% style="color:blue" %)**2. Gateway packet traffic in gateway web or ssh. we can check:**
31 31  
32 32  * If the gateway receive the Join request packet from sensor? (If this fail, check if the gateway and sensor works on the match frequency)
38 +
33 33  * If the gateway gets the Join Accept message from server and transmit it via LoRa?
34 34  
35 35  [[image:image-20220526163608-2.png]]
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37 37  Console Output from Gateway to see packets between end node and server.
38 38  
39 39  
46 +
40 40  (% style="color:blue" %)**3. Gateway Traffic Page in LoRaWAN Server**
41 41  
42 42  * If the Join Request packet arrive the gateway traffic in server? If not, check the internet connection and gateway LoRaWAN server settings.
50 +
43 43  * If the server send back a Join Accept for the Join Request? if not, check if the keys from the device match the keys you put in the server, or try to choose a different server route for this end device.
52 +
44 44  * If the Join Accept message are in correct frequency? If you set the server to use US915 band, and your end node and gateway is EU868, you will see the Join Accept message are in US915 band so no possible to Join success.
45 45  
46 46  [[image:image-20220526163633-3.png]]
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48 48  The Traffic for the End node in the server, use TTN as example
49 49  
50 50  
60 +
51 51  (% style="color:blue" %)**4. Data Page in LoRaWAN server**
52 52  
53 53  * If this data page shows the Join Request message from the end node? If not, most properly you have wrong settings in the keys. Keys in the server doesn't match the keys in End Node.
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56 56  
57 57  The data for the end device set in server
58 58  
69 +
59 59  [[image:image-20220526163732-5.png]]
60 60  
61 61  Check if OTAA Keys match the keys in device
62 62  
63 63  
64 -
65 65  = 2. Notice of US915/CN470/AU915 Frequency band =
66 66  
67 67  
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103 103  
104 104  US915 Channels
105 105  
116 +
106 106  [[image:image-20220526163926-7.png]]
107 107  
108 108  AU915 Channels
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125 125  (((
126 126  TTN FREQUENCY PLAN
127 127  
128 -
139 +(% style="display:none" %) (%%)
129 129  )))
130 130  
131 131  (((
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132 132  In dragino end node, user can use AT+CHE command to set what frequencies set the end node will use. The default settings for Dragino end node are preconfigure for TTN server, so use 8~~15 channels, which is **AT+CHE=2**. (AT+CHE=1 for first 8 channels, AT+CHE=2 for second 8 channels.. etc, and AT+CHE=0 for all 72 channels. )
133 133  )))
134 134  
146 +(% style="display:none" %) (%%)
135 135  
136 -
137 137  = 3. Why i see data lost/unperiocially uplink data? Even the signal strength is good =
138 138  
139 139  
140 140  In this case, we can check if the frequency band matches in End Node, Gateway and LoRaWAN server. A typical case is using US915 in ChirpStack server as below:
141 141  
142 -* **End node** ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Sensor. ADR is also enable, this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
143 -* **Gateway** ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Gateway. this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
144 -* **LoRaWAN server** ~-~-> ChirpStack default installation and use Sub-band1, **enabled_uplink_channels=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]** in the file chirpstack-network-server.toml.
153 +* (% style="color:blue" %)**End node** (%%) ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Sensor. ADR is also enable, this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
145 145  
155 +* (% style="color:blue" %)**Gateway** (%%) ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Gateway. this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
156 +
157 +* (% style="color:blue" %)**LoRaWAN server**  (%%) ~-~-> ChirpStack default installation and use Sub-band1, **enabled_uplink_channels=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]** in the file chirpstack-network-server.toml.
158 +
146 146  (((
147 147  When Sensor power on, it will use sub-band2 to join the network, the frequency matches the settings in gateway so all Join Request will be passed to the server for Join. Server will ask the sensor to change to Sub-band1 in the Join Accept downlink message. Sensor will change to sub-band1 for data upload. This cause the sensor and gateway have different frequencies so user see lost of most data or even no data.
148 148  )))
149 149  
150 -(((
151 -
152 -)))
153 153  
154 154  (((
155 155  Use Subband2 as a default subband cause the sensor to have problem to work with the LoRaWAN server which use other subband, and use need to access to the end node to change the subband by console. that is not user frendily,. So since Dragino LoRaWAN Stack version DLS-005(release on end of 2020), we have changed the device to use All Subbands for OTAA join, for example, device will use the first frequency in Sub-Band1 as firt OTAA join packet, then use the first frequency in Sub-Band 2 , then first frequency in sub-band 3, and so on. LoRaWAN server will normally provide the required subband in the OTAA accept process, so end node will know what subband it use after join. If LoRaWAN server doesn't provide subband info in OTAA join, end node will use the subband which join success as the working subband. So the new method cause a longer OTAA Join time but will be compatible with all LoRaWAN server. And new method won't affect the normal uplink after Join Success.
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156 156  )))
157 157  
158 158  
159 -
160 160  = 4. Transmision on ABP Mode =
161 161  
162 162  
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165 165  )))
166 166  
167 167  (((
168 -
169 -)))
170 -
171 -(((
172 172  So in ABP mode, first check if the packet already arrive your gateway, if the packet arrive gatewat but didn't arrive server. Please check if this is the issue.
173 173  )))
174 174  
175 175  (((
176 -
177 -)))
178 -
179 -(((
180 180  To solve this, disable the Frame Counter Check will solve this issue , or reset the frame counter in the device page.
181 181  )))
182 182  
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185 185  Disable Frame Counter Check in ABP Mode
186 186  
187 187  
188 -
189 189  = 5. Downstream Debug =
190 190  
191 191  == 5.1 How it work ==
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205 205  Below are the requirement for the End Device to receive the packets.
206 206  
207 207  * The End Device must open the receive windows: RX1 or RX2
208 +
208 208  * The LoRaWAN server must send a downstream packet, and the gateway forward this downstream packet for this end node.
210 +
209 209  * This downstream packet must arrive to the end node while RX1 or RX2 is open.
212 +
210 210  * This packet must match the frequency of the RX1 or RX2 window.
214 +
211 211  * This packet must match the DataRate of RX1(RX1DR) or RX2 (RX2DR). (% style="color:red" %)**This is the common fail point, because different lorawan server might use different RX2DR and they don't info End Node via ADR message so cause the mismatch. If this happen, user need to change the RX2DR to the right value in end node. In OTAA, LoRaWAN Server will send the RX2DR setting in Join Accept message so the end node will auto adjust. but ABP uplink doesn't support this auto change.**
212 212  
213 213  == 5.2 See Debug Info ==
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269 269  )))
270 270  
271 271  (((
272 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2FQ=869525000**  (%%) **~-~-->**  The RX2 Window frequency
273 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2DR=3**          (%%) **~-~-->**  The RX2 DataRate
274 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX1DL=1000**       (%%) ** ~-~-->**  Receive Delay 1
275 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2DL=2000**       (%%) **~-~--> ** Receive Delay 2
276 +* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2FQ=869525000**  (%%) **~-~-->**  The RX2 Window frequency
276 276  
278 +* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2DR=3**          (%%) **~-~-->**  The RX2 DataRate
277 277  
278 -
280 +* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX1DL=1000**       (%%) ** ~-~-->**  Receive Delay 1
281 +
282 +* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2DL=2000**       (%%) **~-~--> ** Receive Delay 2
279 279  )))
280 280  
281 281  (((
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312 312   1:0012345678}}}
313 313  
314 314  
315 -
316 316  == 5.3 If problem doesn't solve ==
317 317  
318 318  
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319 319  (% style="color:red" %)**If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the sceenshots for each step to check. They include:**
320 320  
321 321  * End node console to show the transmit freuqency and DR.
325 +
322 322  * Gateway (from gateway UI) traffic to show the packet got from end node and receive from Server.
327 +
323 323  * Gateway traffic (from server UI) to shows the data exchange between gateway and server.
329 +
324 324  * End Node traffic (from server UI) to shows end node activity in server.
325 325  
326 326  = 6. Downlink Issue ~-~- Packet REJECTED, unsupported frequency =
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349 349  )))
350 350  
351 351  
352 -
353 353  = 7. Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet =
354 354  
355 355  
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356 356  (% style="color:blue" %)**1. LHT65 End device configure:**
357 357  
358 358  **Change to ABP Mode:  AT+NJM=0**
364 +
359 359  **Change to fix frequency:  AT+CHS=904900000**
366 +
360 360  **Change to fix DR:  AT+DR=0**
361 361  
362 362  
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397 397  )))
398 398  
399 399  
400 -
401 401  = 8. Why i see uplink 0x00 periodcally on the LHT65 v1.8 firmware =
402 402  
403 403  
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404 404  Since firmware v1.8, LHT65 will send MAC command to request time, in the case if DR only support max 11 bytes, this MAC command will be bundled to a separate uplink payload with 0x00.
405 405  
406 406  
407 -
408 408  = 9. Why do I see a "MIC Mismatch" error message from the server? =
409 409  
410 410  
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430 430  
431 431  * (((
432 432  If a node is registered with multiple servers, it may also cause the "mic mismatch" error.
438 +)))
433 433  
440 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
441 +3）Wrong Regional Parameters version selected
442 + We generally use versions above 1.0.2
434 434  
444 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
445 +[[image:image-20230322163227-1.png]]
435 435  
436 -
437 -)))
447 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
448 +4）We have had cases where it was automatically fixed the next day despite no manual changes, probably a server side issue
438 438  
450 +
439 439  = 10. Why i got the payload only with "0x00" or "AA~=~="? =
440 440  
441 441  
442 -**Why this happen:**
454 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Why sensor sends 0x00?**
443 443  
444 -For US915, AU915 or AS923 frequencies.It is possible because: .
456 +For US915, AU915 or AS923 frequencies, the max payload lenght is 11 bytes for DR0. Some times sensor needs to send MAC command to server, because the payload is 11 bytes, The MAC command + Payload will exceed 11 bytes and LoRaWAN server will ignore the uplink. In this case, Sensor will send two uplinks together: one uplink is the payload without MAC command, another uplink is **0x00 payload + MAC Command.**  For the second uplink, in the server side, it will shows the payload is 0x00. Normally, there are several case this will happen.
445 445  
446 -When using the frequency mentioned above, the server sometimes adjusts the Data Rate (DR) of the node, because the end node has Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) Enabled.
458 +**Possible Case 1**:
447 447  
448 -When the server adjusts end node data rate to 0, the maximum payload length is 11 bytes. The server sometimes sends an ADR packet to the end node, and the node will reply to the server after receiving the ADR packet, but the number of payload bytes exceeds the limit, so it will send a normal uplink packet, and following an additional 00 data packet to handle this MAC command response.
460 +Sensor has ADR=1 enable and sensor need to reply server MAC command (ADR request) while sensor has DR=0.
449 449  
450 450  
451 -**How to solve:**
463 +**Possible Case 2:**
452 452  
453 -Solution: Use the decoder to filter out this 0x00 packet.
465 +For the sensor which has Datalog Feature enable, the sensor will send TimeRequest MAC Command to sync the time. This Time Request will be sent once Sensor Join Network and Every 10 days. While they send such command with DR=0, sensor will send this command with 0x00 payload.
454 454  
455 -Some node decoders may not have the filter function, or you need decoders of other servers and formats. Please send an email to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]]
456 456  
468 +(% style="color:blue" %)**How to solve:**
457 457  
470 +Solution:
458 458  
472 +~1. Use the decoder to filter out this 0x00 packet. (**Recommand**)
473 +
474 +2. Data rate changed from DR3 to DR5, increasing upload byte length
475 +AT+ADR=0
476 +AT+DR=3
477 +
478 +Downlink：
479 +
480 +[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/#H7.4DataRate>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/#H7.4DataRate]]
481 +
482 +Some node decoders may not have the filter function, or you need decoders of other servers and formats. Please send an email to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]]
483 +
484 +
459 459  = 11. Why my Dev EUI and APP EUI is 0x000000000000, how to solve? =
460 460  
461 461  
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517 517  (Any combination of 16 bit codes can be used）
518 518  
519 519  
520 -
521 521  = 12. I set my device is LoRaWAN Class C mode, why i still see Class A after boot? =
522 522  )))
523 523  
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525 525  Class C only refers to status after OTAA Join successfully. The OTAA Join Process will use Class A mode.
526 526  
527 527  
553 += 13. Why it takes longer time for OTAA joined in US915/CN470/AU915 band? =
528 528  
555 +
556 +In US915, AU915 or CN470 frequency band, there are 8 subbands, totally 72 channels. and LoRaWAN server normally use only one sub-band, for example Subband 2 in TTN. The gateway also configured to Subband 2 and cover eight channels in this subband. If the end node transfer data in Subband 2, it will reach to gateway and to the LoRaWAN server. If the end node transfer packets in other subbands, for example subband 1, the packet won't arrive both gateway or LoRaWAN server.
557 +
558 +
559 +In Dragino Sensors old version firmware (before early 2022), the subband is fixed the subband to 2 , but this cause a problem, the end node is hard to use in other subband and need program. So the new logic is as below:
560 +
561 +We have improved this, the end node will use frequency 1 from sub-band1, then frequency 1 from sub-band2, then frequency 1 from sub-band3, etc to process the OTAA join, In this case, In this case, the end node can support LoRaWAN servers with different subbands. To make sure the end node will only transmit the proper sub-band after OTAA Joined successfully, the end node will:
562 +
563 +* (((
564 +Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and switch to that subband
565 +)))
566 +* (((
567 +Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn't include subband info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
568 +)))
569 +
570 +This change will make the activation time a littler longer but make sure the device can be used in any subband.
571 +
572 +
573 +Below is a photo to show why it takes longer time for OTAA Join. We can see in 72 channels mode, why it takes more time to join success. If users want to have faster OTAA Join success, he can change default CHE to the subband he use.
574 +
575 +
576 +[[image:image-20221215223215-1.png||height="584" width="1280"]]
577 +
529 529  (% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
530 530  
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