Last modified by Edwin Chen on 2025/01/29 20:30
<
From version < 32.16 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/08/12 11:06
To version < 42.1 >
edited by Mengting Qiu
on 2024/01/23 15:07
>
Change comment: Uploaded new attachment "image-20240123150720-1.png", version {1}

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1 -XWiki.Xiaoling
1 +XWiki.ting
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4 4  
5 5  
6 6  
7 -= 1. OTAA Join Process Debug =
7 += 1.(% style="display:none" %) (%%) OTAA Join Process Debug =
8 8  
9 9  
10 10  These pages are useful to check what is wrong on the Join process. Below shows the four steps that we can check the Join Process.
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11 11  \\**If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the sceenshots for each step to check. They include:**
12 12  
13 13  * End node console to show the Join freuqency and DR. (If possible)
14 +
14 14  * Gateway (from gateway UI) traffic to show the packet got from end node and receive from Server. (If possible)
16 +
15 15  * Gateway traffic (from server UI) to shows the data exchange between gateway and server. (Normaly possible)
18 +
16 16  * End Node traffic (from server UI) to shows end node activity in server. (Normaly possible)
20 +
17 17  * End Node Keys screen shot shows in end node and server. so we can check if the keys are correct. (In most case, we found keys doesn't match, especially APP EUI)
18 18  
19 -
20 -
21 21  (% style="color:blue" %)**1. End Device Join Screen shot, we can check:**
22 22  
23 23  * If the device is sending join request to server?
26 +
24 24  * What frequency the device is sending?
25 25  
26 -[[image:image-20220526164956-15.png]]
29 +[[image:image-20220526164956-15.png||height="591" width="1153"]]
27 27  
28 28  Console Output from End device to see the transmit frequency
29 29  
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32 32  (% style="color:blue" %)**2. Gateway packet traffic in gateway web or ssh. we can check:**
33 33  
34 34  * If the gateway receive the Join request packet from sensor? (If this fail, check if the gateway and sensor works on the match frequency)
38 +
35 35  * If the gateway gets the Join Accept message from server and transmit it via LoRa?
36 36  
37 37  [[image:image-20220526163608-2.png]]
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39 39  Console Output from Gateway to see packets between end node and server.
40 40  
41 41  
46 +
42 42  (% style="color:blue" %)**3. Gateway Traffic Page in LoRaWAN Server**
43 43  
44 44  * If the Join Request packet arrive the gateway traffic in server? If not, check the internet connection and gateway LoRaWAN server settings.
50 +
45 45  * If the server send back a Join Accept for the Join Request? if not, check if the keys from the device match the keys you put in the server, or try to choose a different server route for this end device.
52 +
46 46  * If the Join Accept message are in correct frequency? If you set the server to use US915 band, and your end node and gateway is EU868, you will see the Join Accept message are in US915 band so no possible to Join success.
47 47  
48 48  [[image:image-20220526163633-3.png]]
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50 50  The Traffic for the End node in the server, use TTN as example
51 51  
52 52  
60 +
53 53  (% style="color:blue" %)**4. Data Page in LoRaWAN server**
54 54  
55 55  * If this data page shows the Join Request message from the end node? If not, most properly you have wrong settings in the keys. Keys in the server doesn't match the keys in End Node.
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58 58  
59 59  The data for the end device set in server
60 60  
69 +
61 61  [[image:image-20220526163732-5.png]]
62 62  
63 63  Check if OTAA Keys match the keys in device
64 64  
65 65  
66 -
67 67  = 2. Notice of US915/CN470/AU915 Frequency band =
68 68  
69 69  
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105 105  
106 106  US915 Channels
107 107  
116 +
108 108  [[image:image-20220526163926-7.png]]
109 109  
110 110  AU915 Channels
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127 127  (((
128 128  TTN FREQUENCY PLAN
129 129  
130 -
139 +(% style="display:none" %) (%%)
131 131  )))
132 132  
133 133  (((
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134 134  In dragino end node, user can use AT+CHE command to set what frequencies set the end node will use. The default settings for Dragino end node are preconfigure for TTN server, so use 8~~15 channels, which is **AT+CHE=2**. (AT+CHE=1 for first 8 channels, AT+CHE=2 for second 8 channels.. etc, and AT+CHE=0 for all 72 channels. )
135 135  )))
136 136  
146 +(% style="display:none" %) (%%)
137 137  
138 -
139 139  = 3. Why i see data lost/unperiocially uplink data? Even the signal strength is good =
140 140  
141 141  
142 142  In this case, we can check if the frequency band matches in End Node, Gateway and LoRaWAN server. A typical case is using US915 in ChirpStack server as below:
143 143  
144 -* **End node** ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Sensor. ADR is also enable, this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
145 -* **Gateway** ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Gateway. this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
146 -* **LoRaWAN server** ~-~-> ChirpStack default installation and use Sub-band1, **enabled_uplink_channels=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]** in the file chirpstack-network-server.toml.
153 +* (% style="color:blue" %)**End node** (%%) ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Sensor. ADR is also enable, this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
147 147  
155 +* (% style="color:blue" %)**Gateway** (%%) ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Gateway. this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
156 +
157 +* (% style="color:blue" %)**LoRaWAN server**  (%%) ~-~-> ChirpStack default installation and use Sub-band1, **enabled_uplink_channels=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]** in the file chirpstack-network-server.toml.
158 +
148 148  (((
149 149  When Sensor power on, it will use sub-band2 to join the network, the frequency matches the settings in gateway so all Join Request will be passed to the server for Join. Server will ask the sensor to change to Sub-band1 in the Join Accept downlink message. Sensor will change to sub-band1 for data upload. This cause the sensor and gateway have different frequencies so user see lost of most data or even no data.
150 150  )))
151 151  
152 -(((
153 -
154 -)))
155 155  
156 156  (((
157 157  Use Subband2 as a default subband cause the sensor to have problem to work with the LoRaWAN server which use other subband, and use need to access to the end node to change the subband by console. that is not user frendily,. So since Dragino LoRaWAN Stack version DLS-005(release on end of 2020), we have changed the device to use All Subbands for OTAA join, for example, device will use the first frequency in Sub-Band1 as firt OTAA join packet, then use the first frequency in Sub-Band 2 , then first frequency in sub-band 3, and so on. LoRaWAN server will normally provide the required subband in the OTAA accept process, so end node will know what subband it use after join. If LoRaWAN server doesn't provide subband info in OTAA join, end node will use the subband which join success as the working subband. So the new method cause a longer OTAA Join time but will be compatible with all LoRaWAN server. And new method won't affect the normal uplink after Join Success.
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158 158  )))
159 159  
160 160  
161 -
162 162  = 4. Transmision on ABP Mode =
163 163  
164 164  
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167 167  )))
168 168  
169 169  (((
170 -
171 -)))
172 -
173 -(((
174 174  So in ABP mode, first check if the packet already arrive your gateway, if the packet arrive gatewat but didn't arrive server. Please check if this is the issue.
175 175  )))
176 176  
177 177  (((
178 -
179 -)))
180 -
181 -(((
182 182  To solve this, disable the Frame Counter Check will solve this issue , or reset the frame counter in the device page.
183 183  )))
184 184  
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187 187  Disable Frame Counter Check in ABP Mode
188 188  
189 189  
190 -
191 191  = 5. Downstream Debug =
192 192  
193 193  == 5.1 How it work ==
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207 207  Below are the requirement for the End Device to receive the packets.
208 208  
209 209  * The End Device must open the receive windows: RX1 or RX2
208 +
210 210  * The LoRaWAN server must send a downstream packet, and the gateway forward this downstream packet for this end node.
210 +
211 211  * This downstream packet must arrive to the end node while RX1 or RX2 is open.
212 +
212 212  * This packet must match the frequency of the RX1 or RX2 window.
214 +
213 213  * This packet must match the DataRate of RX1(RX1DR) or RX2 (RX2DR). (% style="color:red" %)**This is the common fail point, because different lorawan server might use different RX2DR and they don't info End Node via ADR message so cause the mismatch. If this happen, user need to change the RX2DR to the right value in end node. In OTAA, LoRaWAN Server will send the RX2DR setting in Join Accept message so the end node will auto adjust. but ABP uplink doesn't support this auto change.**
214 214  
215 -
216 -
217 -
218 218  == 5.2 See Debug Info ==
219 219  
220 220  
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274 274  )))
275 275  
276 276  (((
277 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2FQ=869525000**  (%%) **~-~-->**  The RX2 Window frequency
278 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2DR=3**          (%%) **~-~-->**  The RX2 DataRate
279 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX1DL=1000**       (%%) ** ~-~-->**  Receive Delay 1
280 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2DL=2000**       (%%) **~-~--> ** Receive Delay 2
276 +* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2FQ=869525000**  (%%) **~-~-->**  The RX2 Window frequency
281 281  
278 +* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2DR=3**          (%%) **~-~-->**  The RX2 DataRate
282 282  
283 -
280 +* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX1DL=1000**       (%%) ** ~-~-->**  Receive Delay 1
281 +
282 +* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2DL=2000**       (%%) **~-~--> ** Receive Delay 2
284 284  )))
285 285  
286 286  (((
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317 317   1:0012345678}}}
318 318  
319 319  
320 -
321 321  == 5.3 If problem doesn't solve ==
322 322  
323 323  
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324 324  (% style="color:red" %)**If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the sceenshots for each step to check. They include:**
325 325  
326 326  * End node console to show the transmit freuqency and DR.
325 +
327 327  * Gateway (from gateway UI) traffic to show the packet got from end node and receive from Server.
327 +
328 328  * Gateway traffic (from server UI) to shows the data exchange between gateway and server.
329 +
329 329  * End Node traffic (from server UI) to shows end node activity in server.
330 330  
331 -
332 -
333 -
334 334  = 6. Downlink Issue ~-~- Packet REJECTED, unsupported frequency =
335 335  
336 336  
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357 357  )))
358 358  
359 359  
360 -
361 361  = 7. Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet =
362 362  
363 363  
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364 364  (% style="color:blue" %)**1. LHT65 End device configure:**
365 365  
366 366  **Change to ABP Mode:  AT+NJM=0**
364 +
367 367  **Change to fix frequency:  AT+CHS=904900000**
366 +
368 368  **Change to fix DR:  AT+DR=0**
369 369  
370 370  
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405 405  )))
406 406  
407 407  
408 -
409 409  = 8. Why i see uplink 0x00 periodcally on the LHT65 v1.8 firmware =
410 410  
411 411  
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412 412  Since firmware v1.8, LHT65 will send MAC command to request time, in the case if DR only support max 11 bytes, this MAC command will be bundled to a separate uplink payload with 0x00.
413 413  
414 414  
415 -
416 416  = 9. Why do I see a "MIC Mismatch" error message from the server? =
417 417  
418 418  
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438 438  
439 439  * (((
440 440  If a node is registered with multiple servers, it may also cause the "mic mismatch" error.
438 +)))
441 441  
440 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
441 +3）Wrong Regional Parameters version selected
442 + We generally use versions above 1.0.2
442 442  
444 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
445 +[[image:image-20230322163227-1.png]]
443 443  
444 -
445 -)))
447 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
448 +4）We have had cases where it was automatically fixed the next day despite no manual changes, probably a server side issue
446 446  
450 +
447 447  = 10. Why i got the payload only with "0x00" or "AA~=~="? =
448 448  
449 449  
450 -* If you are using US915, AU915 and AS923 frequencies.This is normal phenomenon.
454 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Why sensor sends 0x00?**
451 451  
452 -(((
453 -When using the frequency mentioned above, the server sometimes adjusts the rate of the node, because the node defaults to the adaptive rate.
454 -)))
456 +For US915, AU915 or AS923 frequencies, the max payload lenght is 11 bytes for DR0. Some times sensor needs to send MAC command to server, because the payload is 11 bytes, The MAC command + Payload will exceed 11 bytes and LoRaWAN server will ignore the uplink. In this case, Sensor will send two uplinks together: one uplink is the payload without MAC command, another uplink is **0x00 payload + MAC Command.**  For the second uplink, in the server side, it will shows the payload is 0x00. Normally, there are several case this will happen.
455 455  
456 -(((
457 -When the server adjusts your node rate to 0, the maximum payload length is 11 bytes. The server sometimes sends an ADR packet to the node,and the node will reply to the server after receiving the ADR packet, but the number of payload bytes exceeds the limit,so it will send a normal uplink packet, and an additional 00 data packet.
458 -)))
458 +**Possible Case 1**:
459 459  
460 -* (((
461 -Solution: Use the decoder to filter out this 00 packet.
462 -)))
463 -* (((
464 -Some node decoders may not have filtering function, or you need decoders of other servers and formats. Please send an email to [[david.huang@dragino.cc>>mailto:david.huang@dragino.cc]]
460 +Sensor has ADR=1 enable and sensor need to reply server MAC command (ADR request) while sensor has DR=0.
465 465  
466 466  
463 +**Possible Case 2:**
467 467  
468 -
469 -)))
465 +For the sensor which has Datalog Feature enable, the sensor will send TimeRequest MAC Command to sync the time. This Time Request will be sent once Sensor Join Network and Every 10 days. While they send such command with DR=0, sensor will send this command with 0x00 payload.
470 470  
467 +
468 +(% style="color:blue" %)**How to solve:**
469 +
470 +Solution:
471 +
472 +~1. Use the decoder to filter out this 0x00 packet. (**Recommand**)
473 +
474 +2. Data rate changed from DR3 to DR5, increasing upload byte length
475 +AT+ADR=0
476 +AT+DR=3
477 +
478 +Downlink：
479 +
480 +[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/#H7.4DataRate>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/#H7.4DataRate]]
481 +
482 +Some node decoders may not have the filter function, or you need decoders of other servers and formats. Please send an email to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]]
483 +
484 +
471 471  = 11. Why my Dev EUI and APP EUI is 0x000000000000, how to solve? =
472 472  
473 473  
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529 529  (Any combination of 16 bit codes can be used）
530 530  
531 531  
532 -
533 533  = 12. I set my device is LoRaWAN Class C mode, why i still see Class A after boot? =
534 534  )))
535 535  
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537 537  Class C only refers to status after OTAA Join successfully. The OTAA Join Process will use Class A mode.
538 538  
539 539  
553 += 13. Why it takes longer time for OTAA joined in US915/CN470/AU915 band? =
540 540  
555 +
556 +In US915, AU915 or CN470 frequency band, there are 8 subbands, totally 72 channels. and LoRaWAN server normally use only one sub-band, for example Subband 2 in TTN. The gateway also configured to Subband 2 and cover eight channels in this subband. If the end node transfer data in Subband 2, it will reach to gateway and to the LoRaWAN server. If the end node transfer packets in other subbands, for example subband 1, the packet won't arrive both gateway or LoRaWAN server.
557 +
558 +
559 +In Dragino Sensors old version firmware (before early 2022), the subband is fixed the subband to 2 , but this cause a problem, the end node is hard to use in other subband and need program. So the new logic is as below:
560 +
561 +We have improved this, the end node will use frequency 1 from sub-band1, then frequency 1 from sub-band2, then frequency 1 from sub-band3, etc to process the OTAA join, In this case, In this case, the end node can support LoRaWAN servers with different subbands. To make sure the end node will only transmit the proper sub-band after OTAA Joined successfully, the end node will:
562 +
563 +* (((
564 +Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and switch to that subband
565 +)))
566 +* (((
567 +Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn't include subband info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
568 +)))
569 +
570 +This change will make the activation time a littler longer but make sure the device can be used in any subband.
571 +
572 +
573 +Below is a photo to show why it takes longer time for OTAA Join. We can see in 72 channels mode, why it takes more time to join success. If users want to have faster OTAA Join success, he can change default CHE to the subband he use.
574 +
575 +
576 +[[image:image-20221215223215-1.png||height="584" width="1280"]]
577 +
541 541  (% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
542 542  
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