Last modified by Edwin Chen on 2025/01/29 20:30
<
From version < 32.15 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/07/13 15:36
To version < 37.2 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/12/16 10:46
>
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4 4  
5 5  
6 6  
7 -= 1. OTAA Join Process Debug =
7 += 1.(% style="display:none" %) (%%) OTAA Join Process Debug =
8 8  
9 9  
10 10  These pages are useful to check what is wrong on the Join process. Below shows the four steps that we can check the Join Process.
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16 16  * End Node traffic (from server UI) to shows end node activity in server. (Normaly possible)
17 17  * End Node Keys screen shot shows in end node and server. so we can check if the keys are correct. (In most case, we found keys doesn't match, especially APP EUI)
18 18  
19 -
20 -
21 21  (% style="color:blue" %)**1. End Device Join Screen shot, we can check:**
22 22  
23 23  * If the device is sending join request to server?
24 24  * What frequency the device is sending?
25 25  
26 -[[image:image-20220526164956-15.png]]
24 +[[image:image-20220526164956-15.png||height="591" width="1153"]]
27 27  
28 28  Console Output from End device to see the transmit frequency
29 29  
30 30  
29 +
31 31  (% style="color:blue" %)**2. Gateway packet traffic in gateway web or ssh. we can check:**
32 32  
33 33  * If the gateway receive the Join request packet from sensor? (If this fail, check if the gateway and sensor works on the match frequency)
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38 38  Console Output from Gateway to see packets between end node and server.
39 39  
40 40  
40 +
41 41  (% style="color:blue" %)**3. Gateway Traffic Page in LoRaWAN Server**
42 42  
43 43  * If the Join Request packet arrive the gateway traffic in server? If not, check the internet connection and gateway LoRaWAN server settings.
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49 49  The Traffic for the End node in the server, use TTN as example
50 50  
51 51  
52 +
52 52  (% style="color:blue" %)**4. Data Page in LoRaWAN server**
53 53  
54 54  * If this data page shows the Join Request message from the end node? If not, most properly you have wrong settings in the keys. Keys in the server doesn't match the keys in End Node.
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57 57  
58 58  The data for the end device set in server
59 59  
61 +
60 60  [[image:image-20220526163732-5.png]]
61 61  
62 62  Check if OTAA Keys match the keys in device
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103 103  
104 104  US915 Channels
105 105  
108 +
106 106  [[image:image-20220526163926-7.png]]
107 107  
108 108  AU915 Channels
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125 125  (((
126 126  TTN FREQUENCY PLAN
127 127  
128 -
131 +(% style="display:none" %) (%%)
129 129  )))
130 130  
131 131  (((
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132 132  In dragino end node, user can use AT+CHE command to set what frequencies set the end node will use. The default settings for Dragino end node are preconfigure for TTN server, so use 8~~15 channels, which is **AT+CHE=2**. (AT+CHE=1 for first 8 channels, AT+CHE=2 for second 8 channels.. etc, and AT+CHE=0 for all 72 channels. )
133 133  )))
134 134  
138 +(% style="display:none" %) (%%)
135 135  
136 136  = 3. Why i see data lost/unperiocially uplink data? Even the signal strength is good =
137 137  
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138 138  
139 139  In this case, we can check if the frequency band matches in End Node, Gateway and LoRaWAN server. A typical case is using US915 in ChirpStack server as below:
140 140  
141 -* **End node** ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Sensor. ADR is also enable, this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
142 -* **Gateway** ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Gateway. this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
143 -* **LoRaWAN server** ~-~-> ChirpStack default installation and use Sub-band1, **enabled_uplink_channels=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]** in the file chirpstack-network-server.toml.
145 +* (% style="color:blue" %)**End node** (%%) ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Sensor. ADR is also enable, this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
144 144  
147 +* (% style="color:blue" %)**Gateway** (%%) ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Gateway. this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
148 +
149 +* (% style="color:blue" %)**LoRaWAN server**  (%%) ~-~-> ChirpStack default installation and use Sub-band1, **enabled_uplink_channels=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]** in the file chirpstack-network-server.toml.
150 +
145 145  (((
146 146  When Sensor power on, it will use sub-band2 to join the network, the frequency matches the settings in gateway so all Join Request will be passed to the server for Join. Server will ask the sensor to change to Sub-band1 in the Join Accept downlink message. Sensor will change to sub-band1 for data upload. This cause the sensor and gateway have different frequencies so user see lost of most data or even no data.
147 147  )))
148 148  
149 -(((
150 -
151 -)))
152 152  
153 153  (((
154 154  Use Subband2 as a default subband cause the sensor to have problem to work with the LoRaWAN server which use other subband, and use need to access to the end node to change the subband by console. that is not user frendily,. So since Dragino LoRaWAN Stack version DLS-005(release on end of 2020), we have changed the device to use All Subbands for OTAA join, for example, device will use the first frequency in Sub-Band1 as firt OTAA join packet, then use the first frequency in Sub-Band 2 , then first frequency in sub-band 3, and so on. LoRaWAN server will normally provide the required subband in the OTAA accept process, so end node will know what subband it use after join. If LoRaWAN server doesn't provide subband info in OTAA join, end node will use the subband which join success as the working subband. So the new method cause a longer OTAA Join time but will be compatible with all LoRaWAN server. And new method won't affect the normal uplink after Join Success.
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163 163  )))
164 164  
165 165  (((
166 -
167 -)))
168 -
169 -(((
170 170  So in ABP mode, first check if the packet already arrive your gateway, if the packet arrive gatewat but didn't arrive server. Please check if this is the issue.
171 171  )))
172 172  
173 173  (((
174 -
175 -)))
176 -
177 -(((
178 178  To solve this, disable the Frame Counter Check will solve this issue , or reset the frame counter in the device page.
179 179  )))
180 180  
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202 202  Below are the requirement for the End Device to receive the packets.
203 203  
204 204  * The End Device must open the receive windows: RX1 or RX2
200 +
205 205  * The LoRaWAN server must send a downstream packet, and the gateway forward this downstream packet for this end node.
202 +
206 206  * This downstream packet must arrive to the end node while RX1 or RX2 is open.
204 +
207 207  * This packet must match the frequency of the RX1 or RX2 window.
206 +
208 208  * This packet must match the DataRate of RX1(RX1DR) or RX2 (RX2DR). (% style="color:red" %)**This is the common fail point, because different lorawan server might use different RX2DR and they don't info End Node via ADR message so cause the mismatch. If this happen, user need to change the RX2DR to the right value in end node. In OTAA, LoRaWAN Server will send the RX2DR setting in Join Accept message so the end node will auto adjust. but ABP uplink doesn't support this auto change.**
209 209  
210 210  
211 211  
212 -
213 213  == 5.2 See Debug Info ==
214 214  
215 215  
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243 243  )))
244 244  
245 245  
244 +
246 246  (((
247 247  (% style="color:blue" %)**For LoRaWAN Gateway**
248 248  )))
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258 258  )))
259 259  
260 260  
260 +
261 261  (((
262 262  (% style="color:blue" %)**For End Node**
263 263  )))
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272 272  (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX1DL=1000**       (%%) ** ~-~-->**  Receive Delay 1
273 273  (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2DL=2000**       (%%) **~-~--> ** Receive Delay 2
274 274  
275 +
275 275  
276 276  )))
277 277  
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289 289  
290 290  (((
291 291  
293 +
294 +
292 292  )))
293 293  
294 294  (((
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358 358  [[image:image-20220526165525-16.png]]
359 359  
360 360  
364 +
361 361  (% style="color:blue" %)**2. In LG02 , configure to receive above message**
362 362  
363 363  [[image:image-20220526165612-17.png]]
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368 368  [[image:image-20220526171112-21.png]]
369 369  
370 370  
375 +
371 371  (% style="color:blue" %)**3. Decode the info in web**
372 372  
373 373  [[https:~~/~~/lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh>>url:https://lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh/]]
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423 423  If a node is registered with multiple servers, it may also cause the "mic mismatch" error.
424 424  
425 425  
426 -
427 427  
428 428  )))
429 429  
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430 430  = 10. Why i got the payload only with "0x00" or "AA~=~="? =
431 431  
432 432  
433 -* If you are using US915, AU915 and AS923 frequencies.This is normal phenomenon.
437 +**Why this happen:**
434 434  
435 -(((
436 -When using the frequency mentioned above, the server sometimes adjusts the rate of the node, because the node defaults to the adaptive rate.
437 -)))
439 +For US915, AU915 or AS923 frequencies.It is possible because: .
438 438  
439 -(((
440 -When the server adjusts your node rate to 0, the maximum payload length is 11 bytes. The server sometimes sends an ADR packet to the node,and the node will reply to the server after receiving the ADR packet, but the number of payload bytes exceeds the limit,so it will send a normal uplink packet, and an additional 00 data packet.
441 -)))
441 +When using the frequency mentioned above, the server sometimes adjusts the Data Rate (DR) of the node, because the end node has Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) Enabled.
442 442  
443 -* (((
444 -Solution: Use the decoder to filter out this 00 packet.
445 -)))
446 -* (((
447 -Some node decoders may not have filtering function, or you need decoders of other servers and formats. Please send an email to [[david.huang@dragino.cc>>mailto:david.huang@dragino.cc]]
443 +When the server adjusts end node data rate to 0, the maximum payload length is 11 bytes. The server sometimes sends an ADR packet to the end node, and the node will reply to the server after receiving the ADR packet, but the number of payload bytes exceeds the limit, so it will send a normal uplink packet, and following an additional 00 data packet to handle this MAC command response.
448 448  
449 449  
446 +**How to solve:**
450 450  
451 -
452 -)))
448 +Solution: Use the decoder to filter out this 0x00 packet.
453 453  
450 +Some node decoders may not have the filter function, or you need decoders of other servers and formats. Please send an email to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]]
451 +
452 +
454 454  = 11. Why my Dev EUI and APP EUI is 0x000000000000, how to solve? =
455 455  
456 456  
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519 519  Class C only refers to status after OTAA Join successfully. The OTAA Join Process will use Class A mode.
520 520  
521 521  
521 += 13. Why it takes longer time for OTAA joined in US915/CN470/AU915 band? =
522 522  
523 +
524 +In US915, AU915 or CN470 frequency band, there are 8 subbands, totally 72 channels. and LoRaWAN server normally use only one sub-band, for example Subband 2 in TTN. The gateway also configured to Subband 2 and cover eight channels in this subband. If the end node transfer data in Subband 2, it will reach to gateway and to the LoRaWAN server. If the end node transfer packets in other subbands, for example subband 1, the packet won't arrive both gateway or LoRaWAN server.
525 +
526 +
527 +In Dragino Sensors old version firmware (before early 2022), the subband is fixed the subband to 2 , but this cause a problem, the end node is hard to use in other subband and need program. So the new logic is as below:
528 +
529 +We have improved this, the end node will use frequency 1 from sub-band1, then frequency 1 from sub-band2, then frequency 1 from sub-band3, etc to process the OTAA join, In this case, In this case, the end node can support LoRaWAN servers with different subbands. To make sure the end node will only transmit the proper sub-band after OTAA Joined successfully, the end node will:
530 +
531 +* (((
532 +Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and switch to that subband
533 +)))
534 +* (((
535 +Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn't include subband info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
536 +)))
537 +
538 +This change will make the activation time a littler longer but make sure the device can be used in any subband.
539 +
540 +
541 +Below is a photo to show why it takes longer time for OTAA Join. We can see in 72 channels mode, why it takes more time to join success. If users want to have faster OTAA Join success, he can change default CHE to the subband he use.
542 +
543 +
544 +[[image:image-20221215223215-1.png||height="584" width="1280"]]
545 +
523 523  (% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
524 524  
image-20221215223215-1.png
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