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Last modified by Xiaoling on 2025/05/05 08:51
From version 31.3
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/06/01 13:38
Change comment: There is no comment for this version
To version 4.6
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/05/11 14:52
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

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... ... @@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
3 3  {{toc/}}
4 4  
5 5  
6 -
7 7  = 1. OTAA Join Process Debug =
8 8  
9 9  These pages are useful to check what is wrong on the Join process. Below shows the four steps that we can check the Join Process.
... ... @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
20 20  * If the device is sending join request to server?
21 21  * What frequency the device is sending?
22 22  
23 -[[image:image-20220526164956-15.png]]
22 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/0/0f/OTAA_Join-1.jpg/600px-OTAA_Join-1.jpg||height="316" width="600"]]
24 24  
25 25  Console Output from End device to see the transmit frequency
26 26  
... ... @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
30 30  * If the gateway receive the Join request packet from sensor? (If this fail, check if the gateway and sensor works on the match frequency)
31 31  * If the gateway gets the Join Accept message from server and transmit it via LoRa?
32 32  
33 -[[image:image-20220526163608-2.png]]
32 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/1/1c/OTAA_Join-2.png/600px-OTAA_Join-2.png||height="325" width="600"]]
34 34  
35 35  Console Output from Gateway to see packets between end node and server.
36 36  
... ... @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
41 41  * If the server send back a Join Accept for the Join Request? if not, check if the keys from the device match the keys you put in the server, or try to choose a different server route for this end device.
42 42  * If the Join Accept message are in correct frequency? If you set the server to use US915 band, and your end node and gateway is EU868, you will see the Join Accept message are in US915 band so no possible to Join success.
43 43  
44 -[[image:image-20220526163633-3.png]]
43 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/5/5c/OTAA_Join-3.png/600px-OTAA_Join-3.png||height="301" width="600"]]
45 45  
46 46  The Traffic for the End node in the server, use TTN as example
47 47  
... ... @@ -50,11 +50,11 @@
50 50  
51 51  * If this data page shows the Join Request message from the end node? If not, most properly you have wrong settings in the keys. Keys in the server doesn't match the keys in End Node.
52 52  
53 -[[image:image-20220526163704-4.png]]
52 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/e/ec/OTAA_Join-4.png/600px-OTAA_Join-4.png||height="181" width="600"]]
54 54  
55 55  The data for the end device set in server
56 56  
57 -[[image:image-20220526163732-5.png]]
56 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/b/b1/OTAA_Join-5.png/600px-OTAA_Join-5.png||height="166" width="600"]]
58 58  
59 59  Check if OTAA Keys match the keys in device
60 60  
... ... @@ -95,15 +95,15 @@
95 95  Here are the freuqency tables for these bands as reference:
96 96  )))
97 97  
98 -[[image:image-20220526163801-6.png]]
97 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/3/3f/US915_FRE_BAND-1.png/600px-US915_FRE_BAND-1.png||height="170" width="600"]]
99 99  
100 100  US915 Channels
101 101  
102 -[[image:image-20220526163926-7.png]]
101 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/8/8a/AU915_FRE_BAND-1.png/600px-AU915_FRE_BAND-1.png||height="167" width="600"]]
103 103  
104 104  AU915 Channels
105 105  
106 -[[image:image-20220526163941-8.png]]
105 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/3/3a/CN470_FRE_BAND-1.png/600px-CN470_FRE_BAND-1.png||height="205" width="600"]]
107 107  
108 108  (((
109 109  CN470 Channels
... ... @@ -113,7 +113,7 @@
113 113  If we look at the [[TTN network server frequency plan>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html]], we can see the US915 frequency band use the channel 8~~15.So the End Node must work at the same frequency in US915 8~~15 channels for TTN server.
114 114  )))
115 115  
116 -[[image:image-20220526164052-9.png]]
115 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/9/9a/US915_FRE_BAND-2.png/600px-US915_FRE_BAND-2.png||height="288" width="600"]]
117 117  
118 118  (((
119 119  TTN FREQUENCY PLAN
... ... @@ -167,7 +167,7 @@
167 167  To solve this, disable the Frame Counter Check will solve this issue , or reset the frame counter in the device page.
168 168  )))
169 169  
170 -[[image:image-20220526164508-10.png]]
169 +[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/1/19/ABP_Issue-1.jpg/600px-ABP_Issue-1.jpg~|~|height="340" width="600"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:ABP_Issue-1.jpg]]
171 171  
172 172  Disable Frame Counter Check in ABP Mode
173 173  
... ... @@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
182 182  Depends on Class A or Class C, the receive windows will be a little difference,
183 183  )))
184 184  
185 -[[image:image-20220531161828-1.png]]
184 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/1/1a/Downstream_LoRaWAN-1.png/600px-Downstream_LoRaWAN-1.png||height="590" width="600"]]
186 186  
187 187  receive windows for Class A and Class C
188 188  
... ... @@ -194,8 +194,6 @@
194 194  * This packet must match the frequency of the RX1 or RX2 window.
195 195  * This packet must match the DataRate of RX1(RX1DR) or RX2 (RX2DR). **This is the common fail point, because different lorawan server might use different RX2DR and they don't info End Node via ADR message so cause the mismatch. If this happen, user need to change the RX2DR to the right value in end node. In OTAA, LoRaWAN Server will send the RX2DR setting in Join Accept message so the end node will auto adjust. but ABP uplink doesn't support this auto change.**
196 196  
197 -
198 -
199 199  == 5.2 See Debug Info ==
200 200  
201 201  (((
... ... @@ -210,7 +210,7 @@
210 210  Configure a downstream to the end device
211 211  )))
212 212  
213 -[[image:image-20220526164623-12.png]]
210 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/8/82/Downstream_debug_1.png/600px-Downstream_debug_1.png||height="217" width="600"]]
214 214  
215 215  (((
216 216  Set a downstream in TTN and see it is sent
... ... @@ -221,7 +221,7 @@
221 221  This downstream info will then pass to the gateway downstream list. and include the DR which is used (SF9BW125) in EU868 is DR3
222 222  )))
223 223  
224 -[[image:image-20220526164650-13.png]]
221 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/d/dc/Downstream_debug_2.png/600px-Downstream_debug_2.png||height="245" width="600"]]
225 225  
226 226  (((
227 227  Gateway Traffic can see this downstream info
... ... @@ -236,7 +236,7 @@
236 236  When the downstream packet appear on the traffic of Gateway page. The LoRaWAN gateway can get it from LoRaWAN server and transmit it. In Dragion Gateway, this can be checked by runinng "logread -f" in the SSH console. and see below:
237 237  )))
238 238  
239 -[[image:image-20220526164734-14.png]]
236 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/2/21/Downstream_debug_3.png/600px-Downstream_debug_3.png||height="195" width="600"]]
240 240  
241 241  (((
242 242  Gateway Sent out this packet
... ... @@ -247,59 +247,63 @@
247 247  **For End Node**
248 248  )))
249 249  
250 -(((
251 251  we can use AT Command (AT+CFG) to check the RX1 configure and RX2 configure. as below:
252 -)))
253 253  
249 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
254 254  (((
255 -
251 + AT+RX2FQ=869525000 ~-~--> The RX2 Window frequency
256 256  )))
257 257  
254 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
258 258  (((
256 + AT+RX2DR=3 ~-~--> The RX2 DataRate
257 +)))
258 +
259 259  (% class="box infomessage" %)
260 260  (((
261 -AT+RX2FQ=869525000     ~-~--> The RX2 Window frequency
262 -AT+RX2DR=3      ~-~--> The RX2 DataRate
263 -AT+RX1DL=1000   ~-~--> Receive Delay 1
264 -AT+RX2DL=2000   ~-~--> Receive Delay 2
261 + AT+RX1DL=1000 ~-~--> Receive Delay 1
265 265  )))
266 -)))
267 267  
264 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
268 268  (((
269 -**when the device running, we can see below info:**
266 + AT+RX2DL=2000 ~-~--> Receive Delay 2
270 270  )))
271 271  
272 -{{{ [12502]***** UpLinkCounter= 0 *****
273 - [12503]TX on freq 868500000 Hz at DR 0
274 - [13992]txDone
275 - [15022]RX on freq 868500000 Hz at DR 0 --> RX1 window open at frequency: 868500000, DR0, after 15022-13992= 1030ms of txdone
276 - [15222]rxTimeOut --> no packet arrive in RX1 window. (duration: 200ms)
277 - [15987]RX on freq 869525000 Hz at DR 3 --> RX2 window open at frequency: 869525000, DR3, after 15987-13992= 1995ms of txdone
278 - [16027]rxTimeOut --> no packet arrive in RX2 window. (duration: 40 ms)}}}
269 +**when the device running, we can see below info:**
279 279  
280 280  (((
281 281  
282 282  )))
283 283  
275 +{{{ [12502]***** UpLinkCounter= 0 *****
276 + [12503]TX on freq 868500000 Hz at DR 0
277 + [13992]txDone
278 + [15022]RX on freq 868500000 Hz at DR 0 --> RX1 window open at frequency: 868500000, DR0, after 15022-13992= 1030ms of txdone
279 + [15222]rxTimeOut --> no packet arrive in RX1 window. (duration: 200ms)
280 + [15987]RX on freq 869525000 Hz at DR 3 --> RX2 window open at frequency: 869525000, DR3, after 15987-13992= 1995ms of txdone
281 + [16027]rxTimeOut --> no packet arrive in RX2 window. (duration: 40 ms)}}}
282 +
284 284  (((
285 -**Another message:**
284 +
286 286  )))
287 287  
288 -{{{ [12502]***** UpLinkCounter= 0 *****
289 - [12503]TX on freq 868100000 Hz at DR 0
290 - [13992]txDone
291 - [15022]RX on freq 868100000 Hz at DR 0
292 - [15222]rxTimeOut
293 - [15987]RX on freq 869525000 Hz at DR 3
294 - [16185]rxDone --> We have got the downstream packet.
295 - Rssi= -64
296 - Receive data
297 - 1:0012345678}}}
287 +**Another message:**
298 298  
289 +{{{
290 + [12502]***** UpLinkCounter= 0 *****
291 + [12503]TX on freq 868100000 Hz at DR 0
292 + [13992]txDone
293 + [15022]RX on freq 868100000 Hz at DR 0
294 + [15222]rxTimeOut
295 + [15987]RX on freq 869525000 Hz at DR 3
296 + [16185]rxDone --> We have got the downstream packet.
297 + Rssi= -64
298 + Receive data
299 + 1:0012345678}}}
299 299  
300 300  == 5.3 If problem doesn’t solve ==
301 301  
302 -(% style="color:red" %)**If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the sceenshots for each step to check. They include:**
303 +**If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the sceenshots for each step to check. They include:**
303 303  
304 304  * End node console to show the transmit freuqency and DR.
305 305  * Gateway (from gateway UI) traffic to show the packet got from end node and receive from Server.
... ... @@ -320,7 +320,9 @@
320 320  So if the LoRaWAN server is an AS923 server which ask the gateway to transmit at 923.2Mhz frequency, but the gateway is IN868 frequency band (support 865~~867Mhz to transmit). In the gateway log it will show something like below:
321 321  )))
322 322  
323 -{{{Sat Nov 21 08:04:17 2020 daemon.info lora_pkt_fwd[1680]: ERROR~ Packet REJECTED, unsupported frequency - 923200000 (min:865000000,max:867000000)}}}
324 +(((
325 +Sat Nov 21 08:04:17 2020 daemon.info lora_pkt_fwd[1680]: ERROR~~ Packet REJECTED, unsupported frequency - 923200000 (min:865000000,max:867000000)
326 +)))
324 324  
325 325  (((
326 326  
... ... @@ -337,32 +337,29 @@
337 337  
338 338  (% class="box infomessage" %)
339 339  (((
340 -**Change to ABP Mode: AT+NJM=0**
343 +Change to ABP Mode: AT+NJM=0
341 341  )))
342 342  
343 343  (% class="box infomessage" %)
344 344  (((
345 -**Change to fix frequency: AT+CHS=904900000**
348 +Change to fix frequency: AT+CHS=904900000
346 346  )))
347 347  
348 348  (% class="box infomessage" %)
349 349  (((
350 -**Change to fix DR: AT+DR=0**
353 +Change to fix DR: AT+DR=0
351 351  )))
352 352  
353 -[[image:image-20220526165525-16.png]]
356 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/e/e6/Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet1.jpg||alt="Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet1.jpg" height="607" width="558"]]
354 354  
355 -
356 356  2. In LG02 , configure to receive above message
357 357  
358 -[[image:image-20220526165612-17.png]]
360 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/c/c3/Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet2.jpg||alt="Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet2.jpg" height="337" width="558"]]
359 359  
360 -
361 361  In LG02 console, we can see the hex receive are:
362 362  
363 -[[image:image-20220526171112-21.png]]
364 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/f/f1/Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet3.jpg||alt="Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet3.jpg" height="179" width="558"]]
364 364  
365 -
366 366  3. Decode the info in web
367 367  
368 368  [[https:~~/~~/lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh>>url:https://lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh/]]
... ... @@ -377,11 +377,9 @@
377 377  
378 378  [[https:~~/~~/lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh/?data=40c1190126800100024926272bf18bbb6341584e27e23245&nwkskey=00000000000000000000000000000111&appskey=00000000000000000000000000000111>>url:https://lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh/?data=40c1190126800100024926272bf18bbb6341584e27e23245&nwkskey=00000000000000000000000000000111&appskey=00000000000000000000000000000111]]
379 379  
380 -[[image:image-20220526171029-20.png]]
380 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/7/77/Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet4.png||alt="Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet4.png" height="390" width="558"]]
381 381  
382 -(((
383 - The FRMPayload is the device payload.
384 -)))
382 +The FRMPayload is the device payload.
385 385  
386 386  
387 387  = 8. Why i see uplink 0x00 periodcally on the LHT65 v1.8 firmware =
... ... @@ -388,114 +388,34 @@
388 388  
389 389  Since firmware v1.8, LHT65 will send MAC command to request time, in the case if DR only support max 11 bytes, this MAC command will be bundled to a separate uplink payload with 0x00.
390 390  
391 -
392 392  = 9. Why do I see a "MIC Mismatch" error message from the server? =
393 393  
394 -(((
395 395  1)If the user receives a "MIC Mismatch" message after registering the node on the server.
396 -)))
397 397  
398 -(((
399 399  It is likely that the user filled in the wrong APPKEY when registering the node. Many users fill in "APPSKEY".
400 -)))
401 401  
402 -* (((
403 -Please note the distinction between "APPKEY" and "APPSKEY".
404 -)))
395 +* Please note the distinction between "APPKEY" and "APPSKEY".
405 405  
406 -(((
407 407  2）If the node works on the server for a period of time, the device stops working and receives a "MIC Mismatch" message.
408 -)))
409 409  
410 -(((
411 411  The user needs a USB-TTL adapter to connect the serial port to modify the node APPKEY.
412 -)))
413 413  
414 -* (((
415 -If a node is registered with multiple servers, it may also cause the "mic mismatch" error.
401 +* If a node is registered with multiple servers, it may also cause the "mic mismatch" error.
416 416  
417 -
418 -)))
419 -
420 420  = 10. Why i got the payload only with "0x00" or "AA~=~="? =
421 421  
422 422  * If you are using US915, AU915 and AS923 frequencies.This is normal phenomenon.
423 423  
424 -(((
425 425  When using the frequency mentioned above, the server sometimes adjusts the rate of the node, because the node defaults to the adaptive rate.
426 -)))
427 427  
428 -(((
429 -When the server adjusts your node rate to 0, the maximum payload length is 11 bytes. The server sometimes sends an ADR packet to the node,and the node will reply to the server after receiving the ADR packet, but the number of payload bytes exceeds the limit,so it will send a normal uplink packet, and an additional 00 data packet.
430 -)))
409 +When the server adjusts your node rate to 0, the maximum payload length is 11 bytes. The server sometimes sends an ADR packet to the node,
431 431  
432 -* (((
433 -Solution: Use the decoder to filter out this 00 packet.
434 -)))
435 -* (((
436 -Some node decoders may not have filtering function, or you need decoders of other servers and formats. Please send an email to [[david.huang@dragino.cc>>mailto:david.huang@dragino.cc]]
411 +and the node will reply to the server after receiving the ADR packet, but the number of payload bytes exceeds the limit,
437 437  
438 -
439 -)))
413 +so it will send a normal uplink packet, and an additional 00 data packet.
440 440  
441 -= 11. Why my Dev EUI and APP EUI is 0x000000000000, how to solve? =
415 +* Solution: Use the decoder to filter out this 00 packet.
416 +* Some node decoders may not have filtering function, or you need decoders of other servers and formats. Please send an email to david.huang@dragino.cc
442 442  
443 -(((
444 -It is possible the keys is erased during upgrading of firmware. and the console output shows below after AT+CFG
445 -)))
446 -
447 -(((
448 -AT+APPKEY=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
449 -)))
450 -
451 -(((
452 -AT+NWKSKEY=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
453 -)))
454 -
455 -(((
456 -AT+APPSKEY=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
457 -)))
458 -
459 -(((
460 -AT+APPEUI=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
461 -)))
462 -
463 -(((
418 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="H" %)
464 464  
465 -)))
466 -
467 -(((
468 -You can get the keys from the box sticker or send mail to Dragino Support to check keys with the provided SN number.
469 -)))
470 -
471 -(((
472 -You can rewrites the keys by running commands in AT Console
473 -)))
474 -
475 -(((
476 -**For example：**
477 -)))
478 -
479 -(((
480 -AT+APPKEY=85 41 47 20 45 58 28 14 16 82 A0 F0 80 0D DD EE
481 -)))
482 -
483 -(((
484 -AT+NWKSKEY=AA CC B0 20 30 45 37 32 14 1E 14 93 E2 3B 20 11
485 -)))
486 -
487 -(((
488 -AT+APPSKEY=11 23 02 20 30 20 30 60 80 20 20 30 30 20 10 10
489 -)))
490 -
491 -(((
492 -AT+APPEUI=2C 45 47 E3 24 12 23 24
493 -)))
494 -
495 -(((
496 -(Any combination of 16 bit codes can be used）
497 -)))
498 -
499 -
500 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
501 -
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