Last modified by Edwin Chen on 2025/01/29 20:30
<
From version < 30.2 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/05/30 10:57
To version < 35.1 >
edited by Edwin Chen
on 2022/10/19 23:15
>
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

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Author
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1 -XWiki.Xiaoling
1 +XWiki.Edwin
Content
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1 -**~ Contents:**
1 +**~ Table of Contents:**
2 2  
3 3  {{toc/}}
4 4  
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6 6  
7 7  = 1. OTAA Join Process Debug =
8 8  
9 +
9 9  These pages are useful to check what is wrong on the Join process. Below shows the four steps that we can check the Join Process.
10 10  \\**If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the sceenshots for each step to check. They include:**
11 11  
... ... @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
15 15  * End Node traffic (from server UI) to shows end node activity in server. (Normaly possible)
16 16  * End Node Keys screen shot shows in end node and server. so we can check if the keys are correct. (In most case, we found keys doesn't match, especially APP EUI)
17 17  
18 -**~1. End Device Join Screen shot, we can check:**
19 +(% style="color:blue" %)**1. End Device Join Screen shot, we can check:**
19 19  
20 20  * If the device is sending join request to server?
21 21  * What frequency the device is sending?
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25 25  Console Output from End device to see the transmit frequency
26 26  
27 27  
28 -**2. Gateway packet traffic in gateway web or ssh. we can check:**
29 29  
30 +(% style="color:blue" %)**2. Gateway packet traffic in gateway web or ssh. we can check:**
31 +
30 30  * If the gateway receive the Join request packet from sensor? (If this fail, check if the gateway and sensor works on the match frequency)
31 31  * If the gateway gets the Join Accept message from server and transmit it via LoRa?
32 32  
... ... @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
35 35  Console Output from Gateway to see packets between end node and server.
36 36  
37 37  
38 -**3. Gateway Traffic Page in LoRaWAN Server**
40 +(% style="color:blue" %)**3. Gateway Traffic Page in LoRaWAN Server**
39 39  
40 40  * If the Join Request packet arrive the gateway traffic in server? If not, check the internet connection and gateway LoRaWAN server settings.
41 41  * If the server send back a Join Accept for the Join Request? if not, check if the keys from the device match the keys you put in the server, or try to choose a different server route for this end device.
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46 46  The Traffic for the End node in the server, use TTN as example
47 47  
48 48  
49 -**4. Data Page in LoRaWAN server**
51 +(% style="color:blue" %)**4. Data Page in LoRaWAN server**
50 50  
51 51  * If this data page shows the Join Request message from the end node? If not, most properly you have wrong settings in the keys. Keys in the server doesn't match the keys in End Node.
52 52  
... ... @@ -59,8 +59,10 @@
59 59  Check if OTAA Keys match the keys in device
60 60  
61 61  
64 +
62 62  = 2. Notice of US915/CN470/AU915 Frequency band =
63 63  
67 +
64 64  (((
65 65  If user has problem to work with lorawan server in band US915/AU915/CN470, he can check:
66 66  )))
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103 103  
104 104  AU915 Channels
105 105  
110 +
106 106  [[image:image-20220526163941-8.png]]
107 107  
108 108  (((
109 109  CN470 Channels
115 +
116 +
110 110  )))
111 111  
112 112  (((
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117 117  
118 118  (((
119 119  TTN FREQUENCY PLAN
127 +
128 +
120 120  )))
121 121  
122 122  (((
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124 124  )))
125 125  
126 126  
136 +
127 127  = 3. Why i see data lost/unperiocially uplink data? Even the signal strength is good =
128 128  
139 +
129 129  In this case, we can check if the frequency band matches in End Node, Gateway and LoRaWAN server. A typical case is using US915 in ChirpStack server as below:
130 130  
131 131  * **End node** ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Sensor. ADR is also enable, this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
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145 145  )))
146 146  
147 147  
159 +
148 148  = 4. Transmision on ABP Mode =
149 149  
162 +
150 150  (((
151 151  In ABP mode, there is a Frame Counter Checks. With this check enabled, the server will only accept the frame with a higher counter. If you reboot the device in ABP mode, the device will start from count 0, so you won't be able to see the frame update in server.
152 152  )))
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172 172  Disable Frame Counter Check in ABP Mode
173 173  
174 174  
188 +
175 175  = 5. Downstream Debug =
176 176  
177 177  == 5.1 How it work ==
178 178  
193 +
179 179  LoRaWAN End node will open two receive windows to receive the downstream data. If the downstream packets arrive the end node at these receive windows, the end node will be able to get this packet and process it.
180 180  
181 181  (((
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182 182  Depends on Class A or Class C, the receive windows will be a little difference,
183 183  )))
184 184  
185 -[[image:image-20220526164547-11.png]]
200 +[[image:image-20220531161828-1.png]]
186 186  
187 187  receive windows for Class A and Class C
188 188  
204 +
189 189  Below are the requirement for the End Device to receive the packets.
190 190  
191 191  * The End Device must open the receive windows: RX1 or RX2
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192 192  * The LoRaWAN server must send a downstream packet, and the gateway forward this downstream packet for this end node.
193 193  * This downstream packet must arrive to the end node while RX1 or RX2 is open.
194 194  * This packet must match the frequency of the RX1 or RX2 window.
195 -* This packet must match the DataRate of RX1(RX1DR) or RX2 (RX2DR). **This is the common fail point, because different lorawan server might use different RX2DR and they don't info End Node via ADR message so cause the mismatch. If this happen, user need to change the RX2DR to the right value in end node. In OTAA, LoRaWAN Server will send the RX2DR setting in Join Accept message so the end node will auto adjust. but ABP uplink doesn't support this auto change.**
211 +* This packet must match the DataRate of RX1(RX1DR) or RX2 (RX2DR). (% style="color:red" %)**This is the common fail point, because different lorawan server might use different RX2DR and they don't info End Node via ADR message so cause the mismatch. If this happen, user need to change the RX2DR to the right value in end node. In OTAA, LoRaWAN Server will send the RX2DR setting in Join Accept message so the end node will auto adjust. but ABP uplink doesn't support this auto change.**
196 196  
197 -
198 -
199 199  == 5.2 See Debug Info ==
200 200  
215 +
201 201  (((
202 -**For LoRaWAN Server**
217 +(% style="color:blue" %)**For LoRaWAN Server**
203 203  )))
204 204  
205 205  (((
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228 228  )))
229 229  
230 230  
246 +
231 231  (((
232 -**For LoRaWAN Gateway**
248 +(% style="color:blue" %)**For LoRaWAN Gateway**
233 233  )))
234 234  
235 235  (((
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243 243  )))
244 244  
245 245  
262 +
246 246  (((
247 -**For End Node**
264 +(% style="color:blue" %)**For End Node**
248 248  )))
249 249  
250 250  (((
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252 252  )))
253 253  
254 254  (((
272 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2FQ=869525000**  (%%) **~-~-->**  The RX2 Window frequency
273 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2DR=3**          (%%) **~-~-->**  The RX2 DataRate
274 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX1DL=1000**       (%%) ** ~-~-->**  Receive Delay 1
275 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2DL=2000**       (%%) **~-~--> ** Receive Delay 2
276 +
277 +
255 255  
256 256  )))
257 257  
258 258  (((
259 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
260 -(((
261 -AT+RX2FQ=869525000     ~-~--> The RX2 Window frequency
262 -AT+RX2DR=3      ~-~--> The RX2 DataRate
263 -AT+RX1DL=1000   ~-~--> Receive Delay 1
264 -AT+RX2DL=2000   ~-~--> Receive Delay 2
282 +(% style="color:blue" %)**when the device running, we can see below info:**
265 265  )))
266 -)))
267 267  
268 -(((
269 -**when the device running, we can see below info:**
270 -)))
271 -
272 272  {{{ [12502]***** UpLinkCounter= 0 *****
273 273   [12503]TX on freq 868500000 Hz at DR 0
274 274   [13992]txDone
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279 279  
280 280  (((
281 281  
295 +
296 +
282 282  )))
283 283  
284 284  (((
285 -**Another message:**
300 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Another message:**
286 286  )))
287 287  
288 288  {{{ [12502]***** UpLinkCounter= 0 *****
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297 297   1:0012345678}}}
298 298  
299 299  
300 -== 5.3 If problem doesn’t solve ==
301 301  
316 +== 5.3 If problem doesn't solve ==
317 +
318 +
302 302  (% style="color:red" %)**If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the sceenshots for each step to check. They include:**
303 303  
304 304  * End node console to show the transmit freuqency and DR.
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308 308  
309 309  = 6. Downlink Issue ~-~- Packet REJECTED, unsupported frequency =
310 310  
328 +
311 311  (((
312 312  In LoRaWAN, the gatewat will use the frequency specify by the server to transmit a packet as downlink purpose. Each Frequency band has different downlink frequency. and the gateway has a frequency range limited to transmit downlink.
313 313  )))
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331 331  )))
332 332  
333 333  
352 +
334 334  = 7. Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet =
335 335  
336 -~1. LHT65 End device configure:
337 337  
338 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
339 -(((
340 -**Change to ABP Mode: AT+NJM=0**
341 -)))
356 +(% style="color:blue" %)**1. LHT65 End device configure:**
342 342  
343 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
344 -(((
345 -**Change to fix frequency: AT+CHS=904900000**
346 -)))
358 +**Change to ABP Mode:  AT+NJM=0**
359 +**Change to fix frequency:  AT+CHS=904900000**
360 +**Change to fix DR:  AT+DR=0**
347 347  
348 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
349 -(((
350 -**Change to fix DR: AT+DR=0**
351 -)))
352 352  
353 353  [[image:image-20220526165525-16.png]]
354 354  
355 355  
356 -2. In LG02 , configure to receive above message
357 357  
367 +(% style="color:blue" %)**2. In LG02 , configure to receive above message**
368 +
358 358  [[image:image-20220526165612-17.png]]
359 359  
360 360  
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363 363  [[image:image-20220526171112-21.png]]
364 364  
365 365  
366 -3. Decode the info in web
367 367  
378 +(% style="color:blue" %)**3. Decode the info in web**
379 +
368 368  [[https:~~/~~/lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh>>url:https://lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh/]]
369 369  
370 370  Need these three fields:
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375 375  
376 376  AT+APPSKEY=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 11 (End Node App Session Key)
377 377  
390 +
378 378  [[https:~~/~~/lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh/?data=40c1190126800100024926272bf18bbb6341584e27e23245&nwkskey=00000000000000000000000000000111&appskey=00000000000000000000000000000111>>url:https://lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh/?data=40c1190126800100024926272bf18bbb6341584e27e23245&nwkskey=00000000000000000000000000000111&appskey=00000000000000000000000000000111]]
379 379  
380 380  [[image:image-20220526171029-20.png]]
... ... @@ -384,15 +384,19 @@
384 384  )))
385 385  
386 386  
400 +
387 387  = 8. Why i see uplink 0x00 periodcally on the LHT65 v1.8 firmware =
388 388  
403 +
389 389  Since firmware v1.8, LHT65 will send MAC command to request time, in the case if DR only support max 11 bytes, this MAC command will be bundled to a separate uplink payload with 0x00.
390 390  
391 391  
407 +
392 392  = 9. Why do I see a "MIC Mismatch" error message from the server? =
393 393  
410 +
394 394  (((
395 -1)If the user receives a "MIC Mismatch" message after registering the node on the server.
412 +1)  If the user receives a "MIC Mismatch" message after registering the node on the server.
396 396  )))
397 397  
398 398  (((
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414 414  * (((
415 415  If a node is registered with multiple servers, it may also cause the "mic mismatch" error.
416 416  
434 +
435 +
417 417  
418 418  )))
419 419  
420 420  = 10. Why i got the payload only with "0x00" or "AA~=~="? =
421 421  
422 -* If you are using US915, AU915 and AS923 frequencies.This is normal phenomenon.
423 423  
424 -(((
425 -When using the frequency mentioned above, the server sometimes adjusts the rate of the node, because the node defaults to the adaptive rate.
426 -)))
442 +**Why this happen:**
427 427  
428 -(((
429 -When the server adjusts your node rate to 0, the maximum payload length is 11 bytes. The server sometimes sends an ADR packet to the node,and the node will reply to the server after receiving the ADR packet, but the number of payload bytes exceeds the limit,so it will send a normal uplink packet, and an additional 00 data packet.
430 -)))
444 +For US915, AU915 or AS923 frequencies.It is possible because: .
431 431  
432 -* (((
433 -Solution: Use the decoder to filter out this 00 packet.
434 -)))
435 -* (((
436 -Some node decoders may not have filtering function, or you need decoders of other servers and formats. Please send an email to [[david.huang@dragino.cc>>mailto:david.huang@dragino.cc]]
446 +When using the frequency mentioned above, the server sometimes adjusts the Data Rate (DR) of the node, because the end node has Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) Enabled.
437 437  
448 +When the server adjusts end node data rate to 0, the maximum payload length is 11 bytes. The server sometimes sends an ADR packet to the end node, and the node will reply to the server after receiving the ADR packet, but the number of payload bytes exceeds the limit, so it will send a normal uplink packet, and following an additional 00 data packet to handle this MAC command response.
438 438  
439 -
440 -)))
441 441  
451 +**How to solve:**
452 +
453 +Solution: Use the decoder to filter out this 0x00 packet.
454 +
455 +Some node decoders may not have the filter function, or you need decoders of other servers and formats. Please send an email to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]]
456 +
457 +
458 +
442 442  = 11. Why my Dev EUI and APP EUI is 0x000000000000, how to solve? =
443 443  
461 +
444 444  (((
445 445  It is possible the keys is erased during upgrading of firmware. and the console output shows below after AT+CFG
446 446  )))
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471 471  
472 472  (((
473 473  You can rewrites the keys by running commands in AT Console
492 +
493 +
474 474  )))
475 475  
476 476  (((
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495 495  
496 496  (((
497 497  (Any combination of 16 bit codes can be used）
518 +
519 +
520 +
521 += 12. I set my device is LoRaWAN Class C mode, why i still see Class A after boot? =
498 498  )))
499 499  
500 500  
525 +Class C only refers to status after OTAA Join successfully. The OTAA Join Process will use Class A mode.
526 +
527 +
528 +
501 501  (% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
502 502  
image-20220531161828-1.png
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